1318:
1545:
1937:
144:
1458:, Ahmed Şükrü, and Ismail Canbulat were found guilty of treason and hanged. During these investigations there was a link that was uncovered among the members of the PRP to the Sheikh Said Rebellion. The PRP was dissolved following the outcomes of the trial. The pattern of organized opposition, however, was broken. This action was the only broad political purge during Atatürk's presidency. Mustafa Kemal's saying, "My mortal body will turn into dust, but the Republic of Turkey will last forever," was regarded as a will after the assassination attempt.
1450:. It originated with a former deputy who had opposed the abolition of the Caliphate and had a personal grudge. The trail turned from an inquiry of the planners of this attempt to an investigation carried out ostensibly to uncover subversive activities and actually used to undermine those with differing views regarding Kemal's cultural revolution. The sweeping investigation brought before the tribunal a large number of political opponents, including Karabekir, the leader of PRP. A number of surviving leaders of the
1557:
1593:
1412:, along with his friends, established such a group on 17 October 1924. The censure became a confidence vote at the CHP for Mustafa Kemal. On 8 November the motion was rejected by 148 votes to 18, and 41 votes were absent. The CHP held all but one seat in the parliament. After the majority of the CHP chose him Mustafa Kemal said, "the Turkish nation is firmly determined to advance fearlessly on the path of the republic, civilisation and progress".
1581:
1621:
34:
1605:
1569:
3823:
1439:. The RPR was not against Mustafa Kemal's main positions as declared in its program. The program supported the main mechanisms for establishing secularism in the country and the civic law, or as stated, "the needs of the age" (article 3) and the uniform system of education (article 49). These principles were set by the leaders at the onset. The only legal opposition became a home for all kinds of differing views.
3847:
1397:. Members of the government saw the Sheikh Said Rebellion as an attempt at a counter-revolution. They urged immediate military action to prevent its spread. The "Law for the Maintenance of Public Order" was passed to deal with the rebellion on 4 March 1925. It gave the government exceptional powers and included the authority to shut down subversive groups (The law was eventually repealed on 4 March 1929).
3811:
3859:
2701:
1209:
3835:
106:
93:
1956:
Arabs, five to
Armenians, two to Sunni Arabs, and two to Christian Arabs - according to the populations of the respective ethnicities. The assembly was appointed in the summer of 1938 and the French-Turkish treaty settling the status of the Sanjak was signed on July 4, 1938. On September 2, 1938, the
1684:
said: "between the two wars, democracy could not be sustained in many relatively richer and better-educated societies. Atatürk's enlightened authoritarianism left a reasonable space for free private lives. More could not have been expected in his lifetime." Even though, at times, he did not appear to
1325:
With the establishment of the
Republic of Turkey, efforts to modernise the country began. The institutions and constitutions of Western states such as France, Sweden, Italy, and Switzerland were analysed and adapted according to the needs and characteristics of the Turkish nation. Highlighting the
1522:
In 1927, Atatürk ordered the integration of road construction goals into development plans. Prior to this, the road network had consisted of 13,885 km of ruined surface roads, 4,450 km of stabilized roads, and 94 bridges. In 1935, a new entity was established under the government called
1388:
order. Piran emphasised the issue of religion; he not only opposed the abolition of the
Caliphate, but also the adoption of civil codes based on Western models, the closure of religious orders, the ban on polygamy and the new obligatory civil marriage. Piran stirred up his followers against the
1913:
became president. During the İnönü presidency two forces struggled for dominance: one group wanted to increase the control over state functions, while the other group wanted to debate domestic and foreign affairs. İnönü's main legacy was the method he left to Turkey to balance these forces.
1689:; a system of totality of voluntary civic and social organizations and institutions that form the basis of a functioning society as opposed to the force-backed structures of the state. In one of his many speeches about the importance of democracy, Mustafa Kemal said in the year 1933:
1679:
during this period was that not all groups in the country had agreed to a minimal consensus regarding shared values (mainly secularism) and shared rules for conflict resolution. In response to such criticisms, Mustafa Kemal's biographer
1658:
In
November 1930, Ali Fethi Okyar dissolved his own party after seeing the rising fundamentalist threat. Mustafa Kemal never succeeded in establishing a long lasting multi-party parliamentary system during his presidency. A more lasting
1643:
succeeded all around the country. Without the establishment of a real political spectrum, once again, the party became the center to opposition of Atatürk's reforms, particularly in regard to the role of religion in public life.
1360:, religious groups joined the liberals and consequently, widespread bloody disorders took place, especially in the eastern territories. The Liberal Republican Party was dissolved on 17 November 1930 and no further attempt at a
1389:
policies of the government, which he considered to be against Islam. In an effort to restore
Islamic law, Piran's forces moved through the countryside, seized government offices and marched on the important cities of
1472:
The country saw a steady process of secular
Westernization which included the unification of education; the discontinuation of religious and other titles; the closure of Islamic courts and the replacement of
2112:
S. N. Eisenstadt, "The
Kemalist Regime and Modernization: Some Comparative and Analytical Remarks," in J. Landau, ed., Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984, 3–16.
1001:
1842:(1907 – September 14, 1985), a writer and participant in the Ararat rebellion, states that 47,000 villagers from 18 villages of Ademan, Sipkan, Zilan and Hesenan tribes were killed. Armenian researcher
1639:
On August 11, 1930, Mustafa Kemal decided to try a multiparty movement once again and asked Ali Fethi Okyar to establish a new party. He insisted on the protection of secular reforms. The brand-new
1011:
1961:. This Republic lasted for one year under joint French and Turkish military supervision. Atatürk proposed the name "Hatay", and the government was under Turkish control. The president,
1400:
There were also parliamentarians in the GNA who were not happy with these changes. There were so many members who were denounced as opposition sympathisers at a private meeting of the
3703:
1921:
broke out in
September 1939. İnönü sided with the group seeking more control over state functions. A large group of politicians, journalists, landowners and elites opposed his move.
1693:
Republic means the democratic administration of the state. We founded the
Republic, reaching its tenth year. It should enforce all the requirements of democracy as the time comes
1948:, then expelled most of its Arab and Armenian inhabitants. The allocation of seats in the provincial assembly was based on the 1938 census held by the French authorities of the
1894:
Atatürk's foreign policy was aligned with his motto, "peace at home and peace in the world." a perception of peace linked to his project of civilization and modernization.
1973:, was also elected to the Turkish parliament (representing Gaziantep) in 1939 while still holding the prime-ministerial post. In 1939, following a popular referendum, the
1337:
Atatürk's regime initiated a wide range of political, legal, religious, cultural, social, linguistic, and economic policy changes that were designed to transform the new
1928:. However, it only happened due to the pressures of the United States. The politics of Anatolia did not yield to personal politics because of the geopolitical position.
1544:
2829:
143:
2578:(According to the organisation encyclopedia of mass violence, Dersim is a Kurdish alevi province, and the massacre of turks were towards zaza speaking alevi kurds)
1995:(1939-1945), Turkey initially maintained a policy of active neutrality. In 1939–41 Ankara signed treaties - firstly with Britain and France, and subsequently with
1435:
of CHP. Leaders of the party strongly supported the
Kemalist revolution in principle, but had different opinions on the cultural revolution and the principle of
3366:
1289:
repeatedly requested that opposition parties be established to stand against the Republican People's Party in order to transition into multi-party democracy.
3529:
2908:
1660:
1306:
1079:
101:
1331:
1237:
3885:
3502:
2627:
1162:
1057:
2477:
3300:
2227:
2689:
3792:
2934:
2881:
1317:
68:
2511:
2411:
2384:
2317:
2084:
2054:
1664:
1416:
1294:
2812:
981:
3259:
2974:
2800:
1278:
1270:
1120:
971:
1305:
was established but then dissolved again by its founder. Despite Atatürk's efforts to establish a self-propagating multi-party system,
3750:
3290:
3280:
1404:(CHP) that Mustafa Kemal expressed his fear of being among the minority in his own party. He decided not to purge this group. After a
3295:
3242:
3180:
2868:
2851:
2637:
2183:
1640:
1625:
1353:
1302:
1145:
1037:
3890:
3728:
3413:
3212:
3136:
2924:
1676:
1556:
1172:
3895:
1924:İnönü's policies did not completely suppress expression or fully-representative democracy: he personally forced the system into
3408:
2856:
1482:
1451:
1230:
3851:
3550:
3247:
3202:
3116:
3094:
3007:
705:
2337:
1735:
were killed by the Turkish Army and thousands more were taken into exile, depopulating the province. A key component of the
2667:
1936:
3639:
3356:
3077:
2614:"Yurtta Sulh" herşeyden önce ülkede, o insanın, insanca yaşamasını, insanlık tıynetinin gereğinin tanınmasını ifade eder".
2196:
1740:
1668:
1282:
1274:
1199:
1150:
951:
2415:
2388:
1481:
and a penal code modeled after the Italian Penal Code; recognition of the equality between the sexes and the granting of
3723:
3418:
3049:
3029:
2275:
1486:
1401:
1266:
1167:
1647:
On December 23, 1930, a chain of violent incidents occurred, starting with the rebellion of Islamic fundamentalists in
3678:
3305:
3285:
3207:
3131:
2876:
2682:
1832:. The number of people killed in the massacre varies according to different sources. According to the daily newspaper
1047:
835:
96:
2021:. However, the war declaration was merely symbolic as Turkish forces did not take part in any action during the war.
1592:
2321:
3401:
3376:
3254:
3104:
2941:
2929:
2795:
1535:
The first census of the republic was on 1927. The census gathered data about literacy, economic and social values.
1223:
1157:
961:
123:
3579:
3217:
3197:
2844:
2329:
1182:
3777:
3443:
3141:
3070:
2839:
2333:
1490:
1327:
1286:
54:
3126:
3099:
3044:
3039:
2891:
2886:
1986:
1940:İnönü and Turkish military officers raises the Turkish flag after the Turkish annexation of Hatay, June 1939
1467:
72:
3629:
2435:... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15.000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...
1910:
58:
3634:
3574:
3562:
3455:
3312:
2805:
2728:
2675:
2474:
1805:
1187:
198:
186:
171:
161:
3782:
3567:
3557:
3524:
3264:
3087:
1949:
1839:
1817:
1713:
1580:
1377:
1298:
615:
2222:
1813:
1409:
1290:
3718:
3713:
3698:
3644:
3589:
3473:
3332:
3317:
3165:
3082:
2896:
2356:
1709:
1604:
1568:
1361:
1342:
781:
2602:
1419:(PRP) with 29 deputies and the first multi-party system began. The PRP's economic program suggested
3594:
3545:
3478:
3428:
3327:
3237:
3185:
2998:
2979:
2765:
2175:
1527:(Headship of Roads and Bridges) which would drive the development of new roads after World War II.
1125:
875:
605:
572:
464:
377:
3810:
2550:... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert.
2325:
3839:
3765:
3708:
3688:
3601:
3490:
3433:
3229:
3151:
2817:
2738:
2733:
2544:
1925:
1848:
1843:
1821:
1705:
1675:
by dominating the country with his one-party rule. The reason behind the failed experiments with
1135:
991:
795:
580:
2360:
2154:
Political Opposition in the Early Turkish Republic: The Progressive Republican Party, 1924–1925
3863:
3772:
3735:
3621:
3606:
3423:
3361:
3348:
3322:
3190:
3121:
3065:
2984:
2777:
2752:
2713:
2633:
2507:
2470:
2407:
2380:
2313:
2179:
2080:
2050:
2044:
1970:
1898:
1177:
1130:
845:
771:
655:
645:
625:
595:
132:
2074:
3693:
3661:
3483:
3438:
3381:
3034:
2957:
2772:
1962:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1778:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1672:
1663:
began in 1945. In 1950, the Republican People's Party released the majority position to the
1652:
1494:
1455:
1258:
1103:
855:
825:
787:
287:
2178:, 2004, Men of Order: authoritarian modernization under Ataturk and Reza Shah, I.B.Tauris,
3827:
3760:
3740:
3671:
3666:
3611:
3584:
3495:
3468:
3146:
3111:
2481:
2014:
1760:
1629:
1478:
1357:
1140:
745:
695:
675:
635:
494:
247:
2575:
2566:(Accordint to european journal of turkish studies, Tunceli is an alevi kurdish province)
1875:
by local ethnic minority groups against Turkey's Resettlement Law of 1934. Thousands of
1846:
states that 5,000 women, children and the elderly were massacred. Finally, according to
1620:
33:
3683:
3463:
3386:
3019:
2787:
2748:
2018:
1945:
1879:
1856:
in the area of Zilan destroyed 220 villages and massacred 4,500 women and the elderly.
1853:
1770:
1756:
1502:
1498:
943:
715:
2006:, the Western Allies provided incentives for Turkey to distance itself from Germany.
1952:
under international supervision: out of 40 seats, 22 were given to the Turks, nine to
1747:
as one of its first test cases with disastrous consequences for the local population.
3879:
3815:
3755:
3656:
3396:
3391:
3024:
2969:
2760:
1825:
1736:
1686:
1443:
1394:
1213:
1115:
805:
1685:
be a democrat in his actions, he always supported the idea of eventually building a
3787:
3745:
3371:
2822:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1918:
1829:
1801:
1681:
1428:
1381:
1346:
915:
885:
735:
76:
2341:
1390:
3651:
2962:
2010:
1974:
1958:
1883:
1506:
1373:
1108:
815:
763:
337:
2200:
1834:
1436:
1420:
1385:
925:
895:
297:
218:
153:
2454:
2013:
seemed inevitable, the Turkish government declared war on Germany and on the
1432:
905:
725:
585:
1739:
process was the policy of massive population resettlement, a result of the
2658:
Parliament Membership during the Single-Party System in Turkey (1925–1945)
3517:
3507:
2834:
1953:
1797:
1766:
1447:
865:
665:
445:
307:
237:
2657:
2563:
1966:
1965:, was a member of Turkish parliament (elected in 1935 and representing
1812:, September 7–14, 1930), which was a military operation of the Turkish
1648:
1485:
on 5 December 1934; the language reform initiated by the newly founded
1424:
1405:
1277:
by a landslide, the Republican People's Party lost the majority to the
685:
474:
454:
387:
367:
327:
277:
267:
257:
2076:
Remaking Turkey: Globalization, Alternative Modernities, and Democracy
1859:
The Dersim Massacre took place in 1937 and 1938 in Dersim, now called
1784:
The Zilan Massacre took place in the Zilan or Zeylan valley (Kurdish:
1724:. They all were suppressed by the Turkish Army. In particular, due to
3512:
2705:
2700:
1864:
1774:
1744:
1633:
1474:
1338:
1297:
in 1924 but it was banned after its members' involvement in the 1925
1253:
1029:
534:
504:
427:
357:
317:
44:
2276:"The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937–38) Page 4"
1886:
died and many others were internally displaced due to the conflict.
1415:
On 17 November 1924, the breakaway group officially established the
105:
92:
2486:
2340:. Pamak is Kurdish origin and his family was exiled from Erciş to
1935:
1876:
1732:
1729:
1619:
1454:, who were at best second-rank in the Turkish movement, including
1316:
1265:) began with the formal establishment of the country in 1923. The
554:
544:
524:
514:
484:
417:
407:
397:
347:
2629:
Identity, Conflict and Cooperation in International River Systems
1326:
public's lack of knowledge regarding the intentions of President
227:
2671:
2046:
New Trends in Turkish Foreign Affairs: Bridges and Boundaries
2002:
As a result of geopolitical tensions between Turkey and the
1330:, the public cheered: "We are returning to the days of the
2542:"Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten)
2336:(Milliyetçilik Hareket Partisi) banned by junta regime of
1838:(July 16, 1930), about 15,000 people died. The account of
1380:. Sheikh Said was a wealthy Kurdish hereditary chieftain (
1655:
was considered a serious threat against secular reforms.
1269:(CHP) was the only party between 1923 and 1945, when the
2632:(Hardcover ed.). Ashgate Publishing. p. 130.
2017:. It thereby qualified for membership of the fledgling
1944:
On 5 July 1938 the Turkish military entered the Syrian
2504:
Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930
1957:
assembly proclaimed the Sanjak of Alexandretta as the
1372:
In 1924, while the "Issue of Mosul" was on the table,
2576:
http://www.massviolence.org/Dersim-Massacre-1937-1938
1917:İnönü had little time to balance these forces before
1651:, a small town in the Aegean region. This so-called
3620:
3538:
3454:
3347:
3273:
3228:
3173:
3164:
3058:
3006:
2997:
2950:
2917:
2867:
2786:
2747:
2721:
2712:
1804:. The massacre took place in July 1930, before the
64:
50:
40:
21:
2332:(Muhafazakâr Parti) that was founded in place of
1671:. There are arguments that Kemal did not promote
1321:Atatürk during one of his Anatolian tours in 1931
2490:, October 23, 2008, Retrieved August 16, 2010.
1691:
2038:
2036:
2034:
1446:to assassinate Mustafa Kemal was uncovered in
1313:1923–1938: Presidency of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
2683:
1231:
8:
2068:
2066:
2009:On 23 February 1945, when the defeat of the
1909:After Atatürk's death on November 10, 1938,
1781:, in which 800–1500 armed men participated.
1661:multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey
1427:of CHP, and its social program was based on
102:Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey
3617:
3170:
3003:
2718:
2690:
2676:
2668:
1238:
1224:
117:
22:One-party period of the Republic of Turkey
2310:Islam, Kurds and the Turkish nation state
1285:. During the one-party period, President
2475:"Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4"
2328:, who was the founder and president of
2030:
1537:
131:
120:
2603:"Peace at home and peace in the world"
2457:, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...
2361:Freedom of the Press 2010 Draft Report
2263:Atatürk Hakkında Hatıralar ve Belgeler
1408:gave the chance to a breakaway group,
18:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
1987:World War II by country § Turkey
7:
3846:
3834:
2564:http://ejts.revues.org/index370.html
1796:located to the north of the town of
16:A period of Turkey from 1923 to 1945
2662:European Journal of Turkish Studies
1743:, a policy targeting the region of
1273:was established. After winning the
2506:, Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997,
2152:Weiker, "Book Review of Zürcher's
1501:; the dress law (the wearing of a
1275:first multiparty elections in 1946
14:
3886:History of the Republic of Turkey
1905:1938–1950: İnönü (National Chief)
1773:residents in the Zilan Valley of
1765:The Zilan Massacre refers to the
786:(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as
3857:
3845:
3833:
3822:
3821:
3809:
3213:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
2699:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1207:
750:224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)
142:
104:
91:
32:
3858:
2228:General Directorate of Highways
2079:. Lexington Books. p. 97.
1777:by 12/13 July 1930, during the
1452:Committee of Union and Progress
1632:, his daughter and Atatürk in
1483:full political rights to women
606:Kingdom of Alexander the Great
1:
1550:Population density, corrected
1328:Mustafa Kemal (later Atatürk)
176:
87:
3704:Intangible cultural heritage
3050:Southeastern Anatolia Region
2882:Proclamation of the republic
2197:"Gazi Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK"
1932:Politics before World War II
1487:Turkish Language Association
1417:Progressive Republican Party
1352:After the foundation of the
1295:Progressive Republican Party
1263:Türkiye'de tek partili dönem
69:Proclamation of the republic
2975:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
1977:became a Turkish province.
1897:Turkey was admitted to the
1479:modeled after Switzerland's
1121:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
836:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
97:Turkish War of Independence
3912:
2806:Conquest of Constantinople
2406:, İthaki Yayınları, 2004,
2121:Patrick Kinross, Atatürk,
2049:. iUniverse. p. 214.
1984:
1867:. It was the outcome of a
1754:
1509:; and many other reforms.
1477:with a secular civil code
1465:
1271:National Development Party
3805:
3313:The constitutional system
2845:Second Constitutional Era
2830:Decline and modernization
2379:, Timaş Yayınları, 2009,
2312:, Berg Publishers, 2001,
2073:Emin Fuat Keyman (2007).
2043:Salomon Ruysdael (2002).
1525:Şose ve Köprüler Reisliği
1402:Republican People's Party
1309:after his death in 1938.
1307:this was only established
1267:Republican People's Party
1002:Decline and modernization
952:Periods of Ottoman Empire
100:
90:
82:
31:
26:
3296:Ministry of the Interior
3281:Administrative divisions
2840:First Constitutional Era
2601:Prof. Dr. Hamza Eroğlu.
2338:1980 Turkish coup d'état
2334:Nationalist Action Party
1981:Politics of World War II
1969:and the prime minister,
1741:1934 Law on Resettlement
1728:in 1937–38 thousands of
1708:in the 1920s and 1930s:
1641:Liberal Republican Party
1626:Liberal Republican Party
1491:Ottoman Turkish alphabet
1354:Liberal Republican Party
1303:Liberal Republican Party
1252:one-party period of the
3243:Parliamentary elections
3045:Eastern Anatolia Region
3040:Central Anatolia Region
2722:Ancient and Middle Ages
2651:Additional bibliography
2626:Jack Kalpakian (2004).
2295:George J Andreopoulos,
2123:The Rebirth of a Nation
3414:Science and technology
3248:Presidential elections
2729:Prehistory of Anatolia
2212:TSK Anitkabir sayfa 24
1946:Sanjak of Alexandretta
1941:
1806:Third Ararat Operation
1697:
1636:
1376:began to organise the
1322:
1262:
1173:Constitutional history
1058:Provisional government
1012:Defeat and dissolution
162:Prehistory of Anatolia
3891:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
3409:Free trade agreements
3291:Intelligence Services
3088:North Anatolian Fault
2308:Christopher Houston,
1950:First Syrian Republic
1939:
1871:campaign against the
1816:under the command of
1714:Sheikh Said Rebellion
1623:
1616:Opposition, 1930–1931
1489:; replacement of the
1423:, in contrast to the
1378:Sheikh Said Rebellion
1368:Opposition, 1924–1927
1364:was made until 1945.
1320:
1299:Sheikh Said rebellion
1287:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
616:Kingdom of Cappadocia
172:Palaeolithic Anatolia
3793:World heritage sites
3318:Turkish Armed Forces
3203:Constitutional Court
3117:Flora and vegetation
3095:Environmental issues
3083:East Anatolian Fault
3030:Mediterranean Region
2656:Cemil Koçak, «
2357:Freedom of the Press
1926:multi-party politics
1810:Üçüncü Ağrı Harekâtı
1513:Development policies
1362:multiparty democracy
782:Eastern Roman Empire
3362:Banking and Finance
2980:History of Anatolia
2877:War of Independence
2869:Republic of Türkiye
2766:Battle of Manzikert
2548:, October 3, 1930,
2165:Mango, Ataturk, 419
2143:Mango, Ataturk, 418
1704:There were several
1624:On 13 August 1930,
1507:law on family names
1505:was outlawed); the
1431:in contrast to the
1126:History of Anatolia
1048:War of Independence
876:Empire of Trebizond
740:133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
187:Mesolithic Anatolia
3419:Telecommunications
3208:Court of Cassation
2909:Multi-party period
2818:Ottoman Old Regime
2739:Byzantine Anatolia
2734:Classical Anatolia
2545:Berliner Tageblatt
2480:2011-02-25 at the
2433:, 16 Temmuz 1930,
2330:Conservative Party
2285:. 25 January 2024.
1942:
1849:Berliner Tageblatt
1840:Hesen Hîşyar Serdî
1822:Lieutenant General
1706:Kurdish rebellions
1700:Kurdish rebellions
1637:
1562:Population density
1339:Republic of Turkey
1323:
1254:Republic of Turkey
1168:Diplomatic history
1080:Multi-party period
1030:Republic of Turkey
806:Great Seljuk State
796:Rashidun Caliphate
581:Classical Anatolia
199:Neolithic Anatolia
3873:
3872:
3801:
3800:
3343:
3342:
3286:Foreign relations
3260:Political parties
3160:
3159:
2993:
2992:
2985:History of Thrace
2887:Atatürk's reforms
2778:Anatolian beyliks
2512:978-975-8245-01-7
2412:978-975-8725-95-3
2385:978-975-263-884-6
2318:978-1-85973-477-3
2086:978-0-7391-1815-3
2056:978-1-4759-1899-1
1975:Republic of Hatay
1971:Abdurrahman Melek
1959:Republic of Hatay
1899:League of Nations
1710:Koçkiri Rebellion
1667:after losing the
1497:derived from the
1475:Islamic canon law
1468:Atatürk's Reforms
1248:
1247:
1214:Turkey portal
1131:History of Thrace
1088:
1087:
1038:Periods of Turkey
1020:
1019:
934:
933:
846:Anatolian beyliks
772:Medieval Anatolia
754:
753:
656:Kingdom of Pontus
646:Ptolemaic Kingdom
596:Achaemenid Empire
563:
562:
436:
435:
209:
208:
116:
115:
112:
111:
73:Atatürk's reforms
3903:
3861:
3860:
3849:
3848:
3837:
3836:
3825:
3824:
3813:
3618:
3503:Cities and towns
3484:Turkish language
3439:Turkish Airlines
3255:Electoral system
3218:Council of State
3171:
3105:Waste management
3035:Black Sea Region
3013:
3004:
2958:Turkic migration
2904:One-party period
2773:Sultanate of Rum
2719:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2669:
2644:
2643:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2592:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2526:Ahmet Kahraman,
2524:
2518:
2517:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2448:Ahmet Kahraman,
2446:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2280:
2272:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2199:. Archived from
2193:
2187:
2176:Erik Jan Zürcher
2174:Touraj Atabaki,
2172:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2040:
1890:Foreign policies
1873:Dersim Rebellion
1869:Turkish military
1861:Tunceli Province
1779:Ararat rebellion
1769:of thousands of
1726:Dersim Rebellion
1722:Ararat rebellion
1718:Dersim Rebellion
1673:direct democracy
1665:Democratic Party
1653:Menemen Incident
1607:
1595:
1583:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1495:Turkish alphabet
1293:established the
1279:Democratic Party
1240:
1233:
1226:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1178:Cultural history
1163:Military history
1158:Economic history
1104:Turkic migration
1068:One-party period
1044:
1043:
958:
957:
856:County of Edessa
826:Sultanate of Rum
788:Empire of Nicaea
778:
777:
592:
591:
586:Classical Thrace
451:
450:
288:Achaeans (Homer)
224:
223:
191:c. 11,000–
178:
168:
167:
146:
136:
118:
108:
95:
88:
36:
19:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3797:
3616:
3612:Women in Turkey
3580:Law enforcement
3534:
3530:Life expectancy
3496:Islam in Turkey
3450:
3339:
3301:National Police
3269:
3224:
3156:
3147:Turkish Riviera
3054:
3011:
3010:
2989:
2946:
2913:
2892:Language reform
2863:
2782:
2743:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2530:, pp. 207–208.
2525:
2521:
2515:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2482:Wayback Machine
2469:
2465:
2459:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2324:Interview with
2307:
2303:
2294:
2290:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2042:
2041:
2032:
2027:
2015:Empire of Japan
1989:
1983:
1934:
1907:
1892:
1826:Salih (Omurtak)
1763:
1761:Dersim massacre
1755:Main articles:
1753:
1702:
1630:Ali Fethi Okyar
1618:
1611:
1608:
1599:
1596:
1587:
1584:
1575:
1572:
1563:
1560:
1551:
1548:
1533:
1520:
1515:
1470:
1464:
1442:During 1926, a
1410:Kâzım Karabekir
1370:
1358:Ali Fethi Okyar
1315:
1291:Kâzım Karabekir
1244:
1208:
1206:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1183:Genetic history
1098:
1090:
1089:
1073:
1042:
1032:
1022:
1021:
956:
946:
936:
935:
776:
766:
756:
755:
746:Sasanian Empire
706:Armenian Empire
696:Parthian Empire
676:Attalid kingdom
636:Seleucid Empire
590:
575:
565:
564:
448:
438:
437:
248:Akkadian Empire
221:
211:
210:
204:
203:c. 8,000–
192:
180:
166:
156:
134:
127:
86:
75:
71:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3909:
3907:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3843:
3831:
3819:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3729:Radio stations
3726:
3721:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3464:Turkish people
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3429:Transportation
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3137:National parks
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3071:Climate change
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:Marmara Region
3016:
3014:
3012:(west to east)
3001:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2925:Constitutional
2921:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2813:Transformation
2810:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2788:Ottoman Empire
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2757:
2755:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2618:
2593:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2535:
2519:
2495:
2463:
2441:
2429:Yusuf Mazhar,
2422:
2395:
2368:
2349:
2301:
2288:
2267:
2254:
2241:
2214:
2188:
2167:
2158:
2145:
2127:
2114:
2105:
2092:
2085:
2062:
2055:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2019:United Nations
1985:Main article:
1982:
1979:
1933:
1930:
1906:
1903:
1901:in July 1932.
1891:
1888:
1794:Zeylân Deresi)
1757:Zilan massacre
1752:
1749:
1701:
1698:
1669:1950 elections
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1529:
1519:
1518:Infrastructure
1516:
1514:
1511:
1499:Latin alphabet
1466:Main article:
1463:
1460:
1406:censure motion
1369:
1366:
1314:
1311:
1301:. In 1930 the
1283:1950 elections
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1084:(1945–present)
1082:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1004:
998:
997:
994:
988:
987:
984:
982:Transformation
978:
977:
974:
968:
967:
964:
955:
954:
948:
947:
942:
941:
938:
937:
932:
931:
928:
922:
921:
918:
912:
911:
908:
902:
901:
898:
892:
891:
888:
882:
881:
878:
872:
871:
868:
862:
861:
858:
852:
851:
848:
842:
841:
838:
832:
831:
828:
822:
821:
818:
812:
811:
808:
802:
801:
798:
792:
791:
784:
775:
774:
768:
767:
762:
761:
758:
757:
752:
751:
748:
742:
741:
738:
732:
731:
728:
722:
721:
718:
716:Roman Republic
712:
711:
708:
702:
701:
698:
692:
691:
688:
682:
681:
678:
672:
671:
668:
662:
661:
658:
652:
651:
648:
642:
641:
638:
632:
631:
628:
622:
621:
618:
612:
611:
608:
602:
601:
598:
589:
588:
583:
577:
576:
571:
570:
567:
566:
561:
560:
557:
551:
550:
547:
541:
540:
539:859–595/585 BC
537:
531:
530:
527:
521:
520:
517:
511:
510:
507:
501:
500:
497:
491:
490:
487:
481:
480:
477:
471:
470:
467:
461:
460:
457:
449:
444:
443:
440:
439:
434:
433:
432:859–595/585 BC
430:
424:
423:
420:
414:
413:
410:
404:
403:
400:
394:
393:
390:
384:
383:
380:
374:
373:
370:
364:
363:
360:
354:
353:
350:
344:
343:
340:
334:
333:
330:
324:
323:
320:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
300:
294:
293:
290:
284:
283:
280:
274:
273:
270:
264:
263:
260:
254:
253:
250:
244:
243:
240:
234:
233:
230:
222:
217:
216:
213:
212:
207:
206:
201:
195:
194:
189:
183:
182:
179:500,000–
174:
165:
164:
158:
157:
152:
151:
148:
147:
139:
138:
129:
128:
121:
114:
113:
110:
109:
99:
80:
79:
66:
62:
61:
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3908:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3866:
3865:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
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2801:Classical Age
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2761:Seljuk Empire
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2639:0-7546-3338-1
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2409:
2405:
2402:Pınar Selek,
2399:
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2378:
2372:
2369:
2363:, p. 2.
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2224:
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2215:
2203:on 2008-05-05
2202:
2198:
2192:
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2185:
2184:1-86064-426-0
2181:
2177:
2171:
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2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1980:
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1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:Tayfur Sökmen
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
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1737:Turkification
1734:
1731:
1727:
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1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1687:civil society
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1493:with the new
1492:
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1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1384:) of a local
1383:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1332:first caliphs
1329:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
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1129:
1127:
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1119:
1117:
1116:Turkification
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
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1083:
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1078:
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1003:
1000:
999:
995:
993:
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989:
985:
983:
980:
979:
975:
973:
972:Classical Age
970:
969:
965:
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960:
959:
953:
950:
949:
945:
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939:
929:
927:
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769:
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760:
759:
749:
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743:
739:
737:
734:
733:
729:
727:
724:
723:
719:
717:
714:
713:
710:190 BC–428 AD
709:
707:
704:
703:
700:247 BC–224 AD
699:
697:
694:
693:
689:
687:
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679:
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607:
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603:
599:
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594:
593:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:Classical Age
569:
568:
558:
556:
553:
552:
548:
546:
545:Median Empire
543:
542:
538:
536:
533:
532:
528:
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155:
150:
149:
145:
141:
140:
137:
130:
125:
119:
107:
103:
98:
94:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:
56:
55:Kemal Atatürk
53:
49:
46:
43:
39:
35:
30:
25:
20:
3862:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3699:Illumination
3635:Architecture
3563:Human rights
3551:Universities
3469:Ethnic Kurds
3456:Demographics
3367:Construction
2903:
2661:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2607:. Retrieved
2605:(in Turkish)
2596:
2588:
2583:
2571:
2559:
2549:
2543:
2538:
2532:(in Turkish)
2527:
2522:
2516:(in Turkish)
2503:
2498:
2492:(in Turkish)
2485:
2466:
2460:(in Turkish)
2453:
2449:
2444:
2438:(in Turkish)
2434:
2430:
2425:
2419:(in Turkish)
2403:
2398:
2392:(in Turkish)
2376:
2371:
2365:(in English)
2352:
2346:(in English)
2326:Mehmet Pamak
2322:p. 102.
2309:
2304:
2296:
2291:
2282:
2270:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2226:
2217:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:the original
2191:
2170:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2122:
2117:
2108:
2100:
2095:
2075:
2045:
2008:
2004:Soviet Union
2001:
1997:Nazi Germany
1993:World War II
1990:
1943:
1923:
1919:World War II
1916:
1908:
1896:
1893:
1858:
1847:
1833:
1830:Mount Ararat
1809:
1802:Van Province
1793:
1790:Zilan Deresi
1789:
1786:Geliyê Zîlan
1785:
1783:
1764:
1703:
1694:
1692:
1682:Andrew Mango
1657:
1646:
1638:
1534:
1524:
1521:
1471:
1441:
1429:conservatism
1414:
1399:
1382:Tribal chief
1371:
1351:
1347:nation-state
1336:
1324:
1251:
1249:
1188:LGBT history
1146:Christianity
1067:
916:Kara Koyunlu
886:Latin Empire
764:Medieval Age
736:Ancient Rome
730:163 BC–72 AD
465:Neo-Hittites
378:Neo-Hittites
362:1300–1250 BC
342:1500–1290 BC
332:1500–1300 BC
322:1500–1320 BC
312:1680–1220 BC
302:1650–1450 BC
292:1700–1300 BC
282:1780–1680 BC
272:1950–1750 BC
262:2300–1400 BC
252:2400–2150 BC
242:2500–2000 BC
83:
77:World War II
51:President(s)
3896:İsmet İnönü
3852:WikiProject
3783:Video games
3575:Individuals
3568:LGBT rights
3558:Health care
3525:Immigration
3306:Gendarmerie
3265:Referendums
3181:Legislative
3078:Earthquakes
2963:Oghuz Turks
2852:Dissolution
2553:(in German)
2502:M. Kalman,
2404:Barışamadık
2377:Kürt sorunu
2375:Altan Tan,
1911:İsmet İnönü
1844:Garo Sasuni
1788:, Turkish:
1539:1927 census
1531:1927 census
1374:Sheikh Said
1345:and modern
1109:Oghuz Turks
1074:(1930–1945)
1072:(1923–1930)
1062:(1920–1923)
1052:(1919–1922)
1016:(1908–1922)
1006:(1789–1908)
996:(1703–1789)
986:(1566–1703)
976:(1453–1566)
966:(1299–1453)
944:Ottoman Era
930:(1378–1501)
920:(1375–1468)
910:(1256–1335)
900:(1250–1487)
890:(1204–1261)
880:(1204–1461)
870:(1101–1409)
860:(1098–1150)
850:(1081–1423)
840:(1078–1375)
830:(1077–1307)
820:(1071–1178)
816:Danishmends
810:(1037–1194)
529:1000–545 BC
519:1000–700 BC
509:1000–560 BC
499:1100–560 BC
489:1150–547 BC
479:1200–700 BC
469:1200–800 BC
459:1200–800 BC
422:1000–545 BC
412:1000–700 BC
402:1150–547 BC
392:1200–700 BC
382:1200–800 BC
372:1200–800 BC
352:1450–350 BC
338:Hayasa-Azzi
232:3000–700 BC
133:History of
59:İsmet İnönü
3880:Categories
3724:Newspapers
3709:Literature
3689:Folk dance
3590:Corruption
3474:Minorities
3402:Renewables
3357:Automotive
3166:Government
2897:Secularism
2664:, 3 | 2005
2609:2008-01-01
2514:, p. 105.
2452:, p. 211,
2431:Cumhuriyet
2207:2010-05-21
2186:, page 207
2156:", 297–298
1835:Cumhuriyet
1808:(Turkish:
1437:secularism
1421:liberalism
1395:Diyarbakır
1386:Naqshbandi
992:Old Regime
926:Ak Koyunlu
896:Karamanids
680:282–129 BC
630:306–168 BC
626:Antigonids
620:322–130 BC
610:334–301 BC
600:559–331 BC
559:685–547 BC
549:678–549 BC
298:Kizzuwatna
219:Bronze Age
154:Prehistory
84:Chronology
65:Key events
3778:TV series
3736:Miniature
3679:Festivals
3595:Terrorism
3546:Education
3479:Languages
3323:Air Force
3238:Elections
3186:Executive
3132:Mountains
2999:Geography
2918:Overviews
2857:Partition
2823:Tulip era
2660: »,
2342:Çanakkale
2299:, page 11
2223:"History"
1751:Massacres
1677:pluralism
1586:Widowhood
1433:modernism
906:Ilkhanate
800:(637–656)
726:Commagene
720:133–27 BC
690:281–64 BC
670:297–74 BC
660:302–64 BC
650:305–30 BC
640:305–64 BC
181:10,000 BC
27:1923–1945
3828:Category
3766:Football
3751:Painting
3694:Folklore
3602:Marriage
3508:Istanbul
3491:Religion
3444:Railways
3434:Aviation
3372:Currency
3230:Politics
3198:Judicial
3174:Branches
3152:Wildlife
2942:Military
2930:Economic
2835:Tanzimat
2478:Archived
2471:Ayşe Hür
2455:Karaköse
2297:Genocide
1828:against
1814:IX Corps
1767:massacre
1610:Literacy
1574:Taxation
1200:Timeline
1136:Religion
1097:By topic
866:Artuqids
666:Bithynia
515:Tuwanuwa
446:Iron Age
408:Tuwanuwa
308:Hittites
238:Hattians
205:5,500 BC
193:9,000 BC
124:a series
122:Part of
41:Location
3864:Outline
3840:Commons
3773:Theater
3756:Pottery
3672:Ottoman
3667:Cuisine
3645:Ottoman
3622:Culture
3607:Poverty
3539:Society
3424:Tourism
3377:Defense
3349:Economy
3191:Cabinet
3122:Geology
3066:Climate
3008:Regions
2935:Ottoman
2753:Beyliks
2749:Seljuks
2714:History
2589:Atatürk
2587:Mango,
2416:p. 109.
2389:p. 275.
2250:Atatürk
2248:Mango,
2101:Atatürk
2099:Mango,
1991:During
1967:Antakya
1771:Kurdish
1649:Menemen
1628:leader
1462:Reforms
1425:statism
1343:secular
1341:into a
1281:in the
1259:Turkish
1151:Judaism
686:Galatia
505:Aeolis
475:Phrygia
455:Diauehi
388:Phrygia
368:Diauehi
328:Mitanni
278:Kussara
268:Assyria
258:Luwians
3816:Portal
3761:Sports
3662:Cinema
3657:Carpet
3640:Seljuk
3630:Anthem
3513:Ankara
3382:Energy
3274:Topics
3142:Rivers
3059:Topics
2951:Topics
2706:Turkey
2636:
2510:
2410:
2383:
2316:
2261:İnan,
2234:29 May
2182:
2083:
2053:
1865:Turkey
1852:, the
1775:Turkey
1745:Dersim
1634:Yalova
1598:Adults
1391:Elazığ
535:Urartu
495:Doris
428:Urartu
358:Assuwa
318:Arzawa
135:Turkey
126:on the
45:Turkey
3746:Names
3741:Music
3714:Media
3585:Crime
3518:İzmir
3127:Lakes
3112:Fauna
2487:Taraf
2283:uu.nl
2279:(PDF)
2265:, 260
2252:, 536
2125:, 397
2103:, 394
2025:Notes
1954:Alawi
1884:Zazas
1880:Kurds
1877:Alevi
1863:, in
1854:Turks
1818:Ferik
1798:Erciş
1733:Kurds
1730:Alevi
1456:Cavid
1448:İzmir
1141:Islam
555:Lydia
525:Ionia
485:Caria
418:Ionia
398:Caria
348:Lycia
3788:Wine
3684:Flag
3387:Coal
3333:Navy
3328:Land
2796:Rise
2751:and
2634:ISBN
2528:ibid
2508:ISBN
2450:ibid
2408:ISBN
2381:ISBN
2314:ISBN
2236:2020
2180:ISBN
2081:ISBN
2051:ISBN
2011:Axis
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