205:(who reigned from 146 BCE to 117 BCE), the son of Onias were faithful to Queen Cleopatra. This suggests that candidates for the office of high priest occupied a prominent military position. In the course of time the family of Onias lost its prestige, and the later Alabarchs belonged to another family, not entitled to the rank of high priest. The Temple of Onias was closed in 73 CE by order of
544:
1185:
156:
at
Jerusalem, and was called by the name of its founder as the Temple of Onias. Onias possibly expected that after the upheavals in Jerusalem by the Syrians and the Maccabees the Egyptian temple would be regarded as the new legitimate one. As the Hasmoneans largely succeeded in maintaining autonomy,
100:. In Onias IV's preferred scenario, the Maccabees would win, then invite Onias IV to take the office of his fathers. Alternatively, the Seleucid government would relent and appoint him as a bid to regain legitimacy among the populace. Neither of these happened, and instead the Seleucids appointed
164:
consider Onias's act a despicable betrayal, and consider his temple illegitimate. Menahot chapter 13, mishna 10 directly says "The priests who served in the house of Onias may not serve in the Temple in
Jerusalem". Even for Egyptian Jews, the latter did not possess the same importance as did the
139:
where
Jonathan was appointed as High Priest. As Balas went on to win the ongoing Seleucid civil war, this appointment stuck. Onias IV was not invited back to Judea to take his family line's position, and Onias's personal expectations of the Hasmoneans presumably darkened. The exact date is
67:
served as High Priest from 187–175 BCE. High Priest was also a governmental position, albeit one that kings did not usually interfere with after appointment. However, in 175 BCE, Onias III was dismissed from the High
Priesthood and his brother
172:
Onias IV, who enjoyed the favor of the
Egyptian court, did succeed in elevating Egyptian Judaism to a position of dignity and importance. A large number of able-bodied Judeans had accompanied Onias to Egypt, and these strangers, who were there called
177:("inhabitants"), received, on condition of performing military service and preserving the internal peace of the country, tracts of land of their own, on which they lived with their families The district inhabited by them lay between
84:
in 170 BCE. Onias III fled to the
Seleucid capital Antioch, perhaps hoping to petition King Antiochus IV to restore him, where he was killed by his enemies while attempting to claim sanctuary at the shrine to Apollo and Artemis.
50:
where he reigned as a rival High Priest to the hierarchy in
Jerusalem. While he never gained leadership in Judea, he still held influence in Egypt; the territory most heavily populated by Jews was called the
659:
1216:
152:
in 150 BCE, but does not directly date the event. It might have happened around 145 BCE. Though comparatively small, the new temple was modeled on that of the
104:
around 162 BCE. Onias IV left Judea for
Ptolemaic Egypt at some unknown point, most likely around the time of Alcimus's appointment as High Priest.
157:
this did not happen; the Temple in
Jerusalem was protected and the High Priesthood began to pass down the Hasmonean line. Both Josephus and the
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have argued that the Temple was merely a center for local worship, and the opposition from the Temple of
Jerusalem was an overreaction.
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1115:
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581:. Translated by Applebaum, S. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America. p. 138, 156, 172-174, 276, 389.
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148:, the main surviving ancient source, describes this construction immediately after describing the death of
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was given the role instead. It is not entirely clear why; possibly Jason offered a larger tribute to King
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Judaism and Hellenism : Studies in Their Encounter in Palestine During the Early Hellenistic Period
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189:." The first-born sons of the colonists inherited their fathers' privileges and duties. Both
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80:, which had recently ruled Judea and aimed to reclaim it which would eventually become the
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197:(Hananiah), the sons of Onias IV, performed military service and acted as generals under
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144:, Onias IV arranged the construction of a temple at Leontopolis. Josephus's book
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who reigned from 117 to 101 BCE. In the power struggle between Cleopatra III and
984:
637:
124:, around the time of Alcimus's ascension. Most historians favor the version in
114:, it is Onias III that flees to Egypt (possibly taking his son with him?). In
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96:. Presumably Onias IV hoped from afar for a victory by the rebel forces of
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began, with one of its major causes being discontent with the policies of
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1188: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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519:. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. p. 12–14.
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xi. 8, § 6; see Paul Meyer in "Philologus," 1897, lvi. 193
501:. Vol. 15 (Second ed.). Macmillan Reference USA.
462:(1st English ed.). London: SCM Press. p. 277.
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Temple of Jerusalem. That said, some scholars such as
76:, possibly Onias III was seen as too friendly to the
1197:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Oniasc (Ονίας)".
1003:
948:
849:
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120:, Onias IV leaves for Egypt during the reign of
549:Gottheil, Richard; Krauss, Samuel (1901–1906).
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8:
660:
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638:
220:
108:presents two contradicting traditions: in
135:made a deal with Seleucid royal claimant
128:, but it is difficult to know for sure.
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1217:2nd-century BCE high priests of Israel
579:Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews
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485:
483:
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538:
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140:unknown, but with the permission of
42:. He built a new Jewish temple at
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14:
1203:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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563:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
542:
606:xiv. 8, § 1; "B. J." i. 9, § 4)
55:in reference to his influence.
1116:Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras
88:Around 167–166 BCE, the
1:
1106:Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus
185:, and was long called the "
1238:
131:In 152 BCE, the Hasmonean
1167:Mattathias ben Theophilus
209:in the aftermath of the
1200:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1132:Ananias son of Nedebeus
1045:Matthias ben Theophilus
560:The Jewish Encyclopedia
495:, ed. (2007). "Onias".
557:; et al. (eds.).
382:Joshua the High Priest
211:First Jewish-Roman War
74:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
40:High Priests of Israel
1147:Joseph Cabi ben Simon
1101:Theophilus ben Ananus
498:Encyclopaedia Judaica
142:Ptolemy VI Philometor
1157:Jesus son of Damneus
1127:Josephus ben Camydus
224:Patrilineal descent
217:Patrilineal ancestry
94:High Priest Menelaus
34:and the heir of the
1172:Phannias ben Samuel
1121:Jonathan ben Ananus
1111:Matthias ben Ananus
1096:Jonathan ben Ananus
1055:Eleazar ben Boethus
1035:Jesus, son of Fabus
575:Tcherikover, Victor
513:Schwartz, Daniel R.
122:Antiochus V Eupator
1086:Simon ben Camithus
1081:Eleazar ben Ananus
1065:Joazar ben Boethus
1050:Joazar ben Boethus
980:Alexander Jannaeus
167:Victor Tcherikover
146:Jewish Antiquities
117:Jewish Antiquities
1180:
1179:
1152:Ananus ben Ananus
1142:Ishmael ben Fabus
1076:Ishmael ben Fabus
1040:Simon ben Boethus
681:
526:978-3-11-019118-9
439:
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195:Ananias ben Onias
150:Demetrius I Soter
78:Ptolemaic dynasty
30:) was the son of
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63:Onias's father
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985:Hyrcanus II
789:Jehoshaphat
627:Josephus, "
616:Antiquities
604:Antiquities
592:Antiquities
517:2 Maccabees
126:Antiquities
44:Leontopolis
1211:Categories
1123:(restored)
1067:(restored)
1031:(restored)
970:Hyrcanus I
836:Azariah IV
688:Tabernacle
469:0334007887
442:References
367:Azariah IV
337:Azariah II
1005:Herodians
995:Antigonus
950:Hasmonean
920:Onias III
784:Jehoiarib
774:Azariah I
741:Ahimelech
458:(1974) .
432:Onias III
377:Jehozadak
207:Vespasian
65:Onias III
59:Biography
32:Onias III
25:חוֹנִיּוֹ
1137:Jonathan
1091:Caiaphas
1029:Ananelus
1019:Ananelus
935:Onias IV
930:Menelaus
915:Simon II
910:Onias II
905:Manasseh
870:Eliashib
822:Hoshaiah
804:Zedekiah
794:Jehoiada
746:Abiathar
706:Phinehas
577:(1959).
515:(2008).
427:Simon II
422:Onias II
392:Eliashib
352:Zadok II
297:Meraioth
292:Zerahiah
272:Phinehas
191:Chelkias
183:Pelusium
175:Κάτοικοι
106:Josephus
38:line of
36:Zadokite
17:Onias IV
1192::
952:dynasty
940:Alcimus
900:Eleazar
895:Simon I
890:Onias I
880:Johanan
865:Joiakim
841:Seraiah
831:Hilkiah
826:Shallum
769:Ahimaaz
711:Abishua
701:Eleazar
631:" ii. 5
417:Simon I
412:Onias I
402:Johanan
387:Joiakim
372:Seraiah
362:Hilkiah
357:Shallum
342:Amariah
332:Yohanan
327:Azariah
322:Ahimaaz
307:Amariah
302:Azariah
277:Abishua
267:Eleazar
232:Abraham
179:Memphis
162:Menahot
159:Mishnah
102:Alcimus
28:Ḥōniyyō
1008:to the
885:Jaddua
875:Joiada
860:Joshua
852:exilic
811:Jotham
799:Pediah
736:Ahijah
731:Ahitub
673:Israel
547:
523:
466:
407:Jaddua
397:Joiada
347:Ahitub
312:Ahitub
252:Kehath
21:Hebrew
1071:Annas
925:Jason
850:Post-
819:Neria
815:Uriah
779:Joash
764:Zadok
716:Bukki
696:Aaron
553:. In
317:Zadok
282:Bukki
262:Aaron
257:Amram
242:Jacob
237:Isaac
70:Jason
808:Joel
721:Uzzi
678:List
521:ISBN
464:ISBN
287:Uzzi
247:Levi
181:and
726:Eli
671:of
46:in
1213::
535:^
478:^
213:.
23::
680:)
676:(
661:e
654:t
647:v
529:.
472:.
19:(
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