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e-trading and contemporary electronic services like internet banking and online investing. What is important when it comes to e-banking is the trust in banks, usability of the platforms and the overall marketing for e-banking from banks. Moreover, it's also important to constantly update the e-banking services. One successful example regarding the above-mentioned characteristics in
Macedonia is “Stopanska Banka” AD Skopje. In the country, several factors significantly influence the level of adoption and usage of e-banking services, such as age, level of education and complexity of the e-banking services offered by banks. Naturally, elderly clients use e-banking services less than younger people. In addition, the level of education has a significant influence on the level of usage, meaning that the higher the education level, the more likely is for the citizen to use e-banking services. As for the satisfaction, citizens are generally more satisfied with the e-banking services offered by various banks when they have a diverse portfolio of services and offer fast and simple completion of transactions.
1467:, or keyboard (Tandata Td1400) connected to the telephone system and television set. The system allowed users to "transfer money between accounts, pay bills and arrange loans... compare prices and order goods from a few major retailers, check local restaurant menus or real estate listings, arrange vacations... enter bids in Homelink's regular auctions and send electronic mail to other Homelink users." In order to make bank transfers and bill payments, a written instruction giving details of the intended recipient had to be sent to the NBS who set the details up on the Homelink system. Typical recipients were gas, electricity and telephone companies and accounts with other banks. Details of payments to be made were input into the NBS system by the account holder via Prestel. A cheque was then sent by NBS to the payee and an advice giving details of the payment was sent to the account holder.
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actually every bank in
Slovenia is offering online banking services. The Slovenian Central bank's data shows that there was a rise of 5,1% in 2017 from the previous year and the number almost doubled from more than ten years ago. At the end of 2019, the number of users was almost 1 million. The number of payments is around 26 million per quarter, which means that there are more than 100 million payments made online in Slovenia every year, and another 3 million made to offshore accounts. Data from the Slovenian Central bank also show that the total value of payments in 2017 reached more than €240 million. More than 900,000 use online banking in Slovenia
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1768:. Most banks set limits on the amounts that may be transacted, and other restrictions. Most banks also enable customers to download copies of bank statements, which can be printed at the customer's premises (some banks charge a fee for mailing hard copies of bank statements). Some banks also enable customers to download transactions directly into the customer's accounting software. The facility may also enable the customer to order a cheque book, statements, report loss of credit cards, stop payment on a cheque, advise change of address and other routine actions.
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online banking customers. Wells Fargo had 2.5 million online banking customers, including small businesses. Online customers proved more loyal and profitable than regular customers. In
October 2001, Bank of America customers executed a record 3.1 million electronic bill payments, totaling more than $ 1 billion. As of 2017, the bank has 34 million active digital accounts, both online and mobile. In 2009, a report by
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42:
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1255:. Online banking significantly reduces the banks' operating cost by reducing reliance on a physical branch network and offers convenience to some customers by lessening the need to visit a branch bank as well as being able to perform banking transactions even when branches are closed, for example outside the conventional banking hours or on weekends and holidays.
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0.4% of households in the U.S. were using online banking. At the beginning of 2004, some 33 million U.S. households (31%) were using some form of online banking. Five years later, 47% of
Americans used online banking, according to a survey by Gartner Group. Meanwhile, in the UK online banking grew from 63% to 70% of internet users between 2011 and 2012.
1386:, became the second online bank in the world and the first in Europe. The attraction of online banking is fairly obvious: diminished transaction costs, easier integration of services, interactive marketing capabilities, and other benefits that boost customer lists and profit margins. Additionally, online banking services allow institutions to
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Compared to several years ago, when the people living in
Macedonia had to go directly to the banks to perform financial transactions, today there is a widely functional e-banking system. Macedonian banks today offer conventional e-banking services, electronic products including debit/credit cards and
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Since 2000, most financial institutions have been actively implementing online offices and web banking. 2007 - the number of
Ukrainian banks that introduced Online Banking exceeded 20. 2018 - the ability to manage accounts and make transfers online is available in almost all financial institutions in
1425:
The early 2000s saw the rise of the branch-less banks as internet only institutions. These internet-based banks incur lower overhead costs than their brick-and-mortar counterparts. In the United States, deposits at some direct banks are FDIC-insured and offer the same level of insurance protection as
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The precursor to the modern online banking services was distance banking electronically and by telephone since the early 1980s. The term 'online' became popular in the late 1980s and referred to the use of a terminal, keyboard, and TV or monitor to access the banking system using a phone line. 'Home
2038:
gathered more than 600,000 signatures in an online petition asking banks and other institutions to serve all citizens, and not discriminate against the oldest and most vulnerable members. In Spain, the number of bank branches had shrunk to about 20,000 in 19 years since the bailout of 2012 and with
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Another way to provide TANs to an online banking user is to send the TAN of the current bank transaction to the user's (GSM) mobile phone via SMS. The SMS text usually quotes the transaction amount and details, the TAN is only valid for a short period of time. Especially in
Germany, Austria and the
1393:
In 1995, Wells Fargo was the first U.S. bank to add account services to its website, with other banks quickly following suit. That same year, Presidential became the first U.S. bank to open bank accounts over the internet. According to research by Online
Banking Report, at the end of 1999 less than
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computer that allowed bank customers to access their account information securely. Services available in its first years included bill pay, account balance checks, and loan applications, as well as game access, budget and tax calculators and daily newspapers. Thousands of customers paid $ 25–30 per
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Security of a customer's financial information is very important, without which online banking could not operate. Similarly the reputational risks to banks themselves are important. Financial institutions have set up various security processes to reduce the risk of unauthorized online access to a
1636:
Remote customer service of banks via the internet or Online banking (e-banking) in
Ukraine was introduced more than two decades ago. Legal entities have been using the remote control of bank accounts since the mid-1990s. PrivatBank, which launched the “Privat24” system in 2000, became a pioneer in
1627:
In 1997, the bank ING Direct Canada (now known as
Tangerine Bank) was founded with almost entirely online banking using only small cafes for meetings and very few physical branches. This was completely different from how banks had operated in Canada previously. By the early 2000s, all of the major
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In 2001, Bank of America became the first bank to top 3 million online banking customers, more than 20% of its customer base. In comparison, larger national institutions, such as Citigroup claimed 2.2 million online relationships globally, while J.P. Morgan Chase estimated it had more than 750,000
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The rapid development of Internet banking in Ukraine is provoking the growth of Internet users. It is important to mention that the largest functionality, more than 40 options - from transfers and opening deposits to home accounting and purchasing tickets are available in PrivatBank. There are 37
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Nowadays, the list of Internet banking services, with rare exceptions, repeats the entire product line of banks. With the help of Internet banking (IB), you can not only control the movement of funds in their accounts, but also perform more complex operations: for example, order a payment card or
1937:
Technology Incident Report, compiled from suspicious activity reports banks file quarterly, lists 536 cases of computer intrusion, with an average loss per incident of $ 30,000. That adds up to a nearly $ 16-million loss in the second quarter of 2007. Computer intrusions increased by 150 percent
1401:
users in the U.S. reached approximately 61 percent. The penetration of online banking in Europe has been increased as well. In 2019, 93 percent of the Norwegian population access online banking sites, which is the highest in Europe, followed by Denmark and Netherlands. Across Asia, more than 700
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Virtual or online banking became a reality in Slovenia in 1997, when SKB bank launched this service under the name of SKB Net. Two years later, they were followed by the largest Slovenian bank, NLB bank, who started offering online banking services in 1999 under the name of NLB Klik. Nowadays,
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defines "virtual bank" as a bank which primarily delivers retail banking services through the internet or other forms of electronic channels instead of physical branches. The first virtual banking license in Hong Kong was issued in 2018. Virtual banks are subject to the same set of supervisory
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2434:
1624:. mbanx was released at the very beginning of the internet banking revolution in Canada and was the first full-service online bank Also in 1996, RBC started providing banking information online and had the first personal computer banking software released that year
1953:
to persuade the user himself to transfer money to the fraudsters on the ground of false claims (like the claim the bank would require a "test transfer" or the claim a company had falsely transferred money to the user's account and he should "send it back").
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Signature based online banking where all transactions are signed and encrypted digitally. The Keys for the signature generation and encryption can be stored on smartcards or any memory medium, depending on the concrete implementation (see, e.g., the Spanish
2734:
1537:. By 2010, most major banks implemented online banking services, however, the types of services offered varied. According to a poll conducted by Japanese Bankers Association (JBA) in 2012, 65.2% were the users of personal internet banking.
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The developers of United American Bank's first-to-market computer banking system aimed to license it nationally, but they were overtaken by competitors when United American failed in 1983 as a result of loan fraud on the part of bank owner
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The increase in online banking with a concomitant closure of local bank branch offices or reduced retail opening hours discriminates against people who cannot use online banking, for physical or mental limitations like age, or illness.
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pledging to offer better customer services to senior citizens, for example by "extending again their branch opening hours, giving priority to older people to access counters and simplifying the interface of their apps and web pages".
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to authenticate transactions. TANs can be distributed in different ways, the most popular one is to send a list of TANs to the online banking user by postal letter. Another way of using TANs is to generate them by need using a
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options in the Internet banking system of the First Ukrainian International Bank, 35 - in Alfa-Bank. One of the most popular services in which Internet banking users are interested in the ability to pay remotely for utilities.
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In Hong Kong, the term "virtual bank" usually excludes the internet banking or online banking (often termed "eBanking", "iBanking", etc) services provided by traditional banks which serve primarily via physical branches. The
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By 2000, 80% of U.S. banks offered e-banking. Customer use grew slowly. At Bank of America, for example, it took 10 years to acquire 2 million e-banking customers. However, a significant cultural change took place after the
2013:
where the transaction data is sent along with the TAN number or standalone smartcard readers with an own screen including the transaction data into the TAN generation process while displaying it beforehand to the user (see
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In 2014 in the UK, losses from online banking fraud rose by 48% compared with 2013. According to a study by a group of Cambridge University cybersecurity researchers in 2017, online banking fraud has doubled since 2011.
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Some financial institutions offer special internet banking services, for example, Personal financial management support, such as importing data into personal accounting software. Some online banking platforms support
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Each financial institution can determine the types of financial transactions which a customer may transact through online banking, but usually includes obtaining account balances, a list of recent transactions,
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A method to attack signature based online banking methods is to manipulate the used software in a way, that correct transactions are shown on the screen and faked transactions are signed in the background.
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the Coronavirus pandemic another 3000 branches closed in 2 years. "They are excluding those of us who have trouble using the internet." In February 2022, Spanish banks signed a protocol at the
2009:
by default and therefore use security processes where the user can cross-check the transaction data against manipulations like for example (provided the security of the mobile phone holds up)
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In the United States in-home banking was "is still in its infancy" with banks "cautiously testing consumer interest" in 1984, a year after online banking went national in the UK. At the time
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The first videotext banking service in France was launched on December 20, 1983, by CCF Bank (now part of HSBC). Videotext online Banking services eventually reached 19% market share by 1991
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requirements applicable to conventional banks and are members of the Deposit Protection Scheme (DPS). By 2024, there are 8 virtual banks in the city (including ZA, Mox, Livi, PAO, Airstar,
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terminals that were distributed freely to the population by the government. By 1990, 6.5 million Minitels were installed in households. Online banking was one of the most popular services.
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1503:— started to offer home banking services soon after. Chemical's Pronto failed to attract enough customers to break even and was abandoned in 1989. Other banks had a similar experience.
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is still in use, it by itself is not considered secure enough for online banking in some countries. There are essentially two different security methods in use for online banking:
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between the first quarter of 2007 and the second. In 80 percent of the cases, the source of the intrusion is unknown but it occurred during online banking, the report states.
1991:
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Human interaction in service delivery and its relationship to disenchantment discontinuance in the diffusion of self-service technologies: a case study in retail banking
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To access a bank and online banking facility, a customer with internet access will need to register with the bank for the service, and set up a password and other
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1273:" that operate entirely via the internet or internet and telephone without having any physical branches relying completely on their online banking facilities.
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Tan, M.; Teo, T. S. (2000): "Factors influencing the adoption of Internet banking", Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 1 (5), pp. 1–42.
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service in September 1982, initially on a restricted basis, before it was expanded nationally in 1983. Homelink was delivered through a partnership with the
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system. Because of the commercial failure of videotex, these banking services never became popular except in France (where millions of videotex terminals (
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Attacks on online banking used today are based on deceiving the user to steal login data and valid TANs. Two well known examples for those attacks are
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Usually online banking with PIN/TAN is done via a web browser using SSL secured connections, so that there is no additional encryption needed.
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1848:) also include the transaction data into the TAN generation process after displaying it on their own screen to allow the user to discover
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in New York was "still working out the bugs from its service, which offers somewhat limited features". The service from Chemical, called
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When the clicks-and-bricks euphoria hit in the late 1990s, many banks began to view web-based banking as a strategic imperative. In 1996
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Online banking requires access to broadband services. However not everyone has equal access to the internet, which has been called the
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to allow the customers to monitor all of their accounts in one place whether they are with their main bank or with other institutions.
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Large banks, many working on parallel tracks to United American, followed in 1981 when four of New York's major banks (
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banking' can also refer to the use of a numeric keypad to send tones down a phone line with instructions to the bank.
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1987:) the use of "Secoder" card readers is a measurement to uncover software side manipulations of the transaction data.
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permits a remote attacker to secretly modify the destination account number and also the amount in the web browser.
1995:
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609:
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3006:"(PDF) An empirical study of customer usage and satisfaction with e-banking services in the Republic of Macedonia"
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1487:, was launched in 1983 and was aimed at individuals and small businesses. It enabled them to maintain electronic
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system operated by a bank to provide customers access to banking services in addition to or in place of historic
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587:
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1870:" service, where the bank generates and sends a QR code image to a smartphone device of the online banking user.
1491:, see account balances, and transfer funds between checking and savings accounts. The other three major banks —
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2019:
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1370:, which purchased the failed bank, did not attempt to develop or commercialize the computer banking platform.
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In 1996, Banco Original SA launched its online-only retail banking. In 2019 new banks began to emerge as the
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After a test period with 2,500 users starting in 1984, online banking services were launched in 1988, using
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1583:, started to provide customers with online banking with the rollout of the C++ Internet banking program.
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1232:. Since the early 2000s this has become the most common way that customers access their bank accounts.
1752:, and enters the online banking facility using the customer number and credentials previously set up.
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1980:
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The first home banking service was offered to consumers in December 1980 by United American Bank, a
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1835:. These token generated TANs depend on the time and a unique secret, stored in the security token (
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Internet banking provides personal and corporate banking services offering features such as making
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starmoney.de, Star Finanz-Software Entwicklung und Vertriebs GmbH, Retrieved on November 18, 2015.
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open a deposit account, repay the loan, and recently it became possible to buy and sell currency.
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Since it first appeared in the United States, online banking has been federally governed by the
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million consumers are estimated to use digital banking regularly, according to a 2015 survey by
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295:
3576:"The possibilities of digital discrimination: Research on e-commerce, algorithms and big data"
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is even less likely to be pinpointed, because of intransparent decision-making by algorithms.
1974:
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An investigation of risk management practices in electronic banking: the case of the UK banks
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1966:
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2902:"Інтернет-банкінг (online banking) в Україні: який онлайн сервіс обрати приватній особі?"
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The Bank of the Cook Islands introduced online banking in 2015, under the leadership of
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1970:
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estimated that 47% of United States adults and 30% in the United Kingdom bank online.
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more services into single packages, thereby luring customers and minimizing overhead.
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system where the PIN represents a password, used for the login and TANs representing
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1983:
are used against phishing and pharming, in signature based online banking variants (
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customer's records, but there is no consistency to the various approaches adopted.
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1359:
1328:
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914:
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Cronin, Mary J. (1997). Banking and Finance on the Internet, John Wiley and Sons.
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3113:"What is TAN (transaction authentication number)? - Definition from WhatIs.com"
1856:
trying to secretly manipulate the transaction data in the background of the PC.
1620:
Virtual banking first became a possibility in 1996 with the Bank of Montreal's
1567:, Fusion, Ant), most of which are financially backed by larger corporations.
3631:
Gandy, T. (1995): "Banking in e-space", The banker, 145 (838), pp. 74–76.
3066:
sparkasse-koelnbonn.de, Sparkasse KölnBonn (AöR), Retrieved on April 10, 2014.
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2005:
advised all banks to consider the PC systems of their users being infected by
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33:
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3508:"'I'm Old, Not an Idiot.' One Man's Protest Gets Attention of Spanish Banks"
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3077:"THE PRAGMATIC REVIEW ON INTERNET BANKING AND ASSOCIATED SERVICES IN INDIA"
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for customer verification. The customer visits the financial institution's
17:
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Maximizing Business Performance and Efficiency Through Intelligent Systems
2358:
eprints.hud.ac.uk, University of Huddersfield, July 22, 2014 (PDF; 474 kB)
1900:
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1867:
1808:
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1427:
1362:, the 1978 Tennessee Democratic nominee for governor and promoter of the
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61:
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European Union Agency for Network and Information Security, July 5, 2012
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2015:
2006:
1946:
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are branch-less banks in the United States which are not FDIC-insured.
1419:
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1026:
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400:
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The online banking system will typically connect to or be part of the
1316:
577:
2264:"Shopping and banking on a computer network in the 1980s (Minitel)"
1984:
1749:
1621:
1591:
In 1998, ICICI Bank introduced internet banking to its customers.
1533:
In January 1997, the first online banking service was launched by
1294:
1234:
685:
636:
56:
1347:) where given out by the telecom provider) and the UK, where the
2010:
1962:
There exist several countermeasures which try to avoid attacks.
1863:
1468:
1443:
Online banking started in the United Kingdom with the launch of
1217:
894:
732:
658:
287:
1214:
internet banking, virtual banking, web banking or home banking
1677:
3257:
Security Flaws in Online Banking Sites Found to be Widespread
2590:"New banking services for personal customers (銀行等の個人向け新サービス)"
1926:
attack, a variation of the man-in-the-middle attack where a
1998:(MFA) and then required to be in place by the end of 2006.
2003:
European Union Agency for Network and Information Security
3084:
International Journal of Computing and Corporate Research
2793:
Werani, Thomas (2006). "Business-to-Business-Marketing".
2595:. National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan. 2000-10-05.
3483:“High Roller” online bank robberies reveal security gaps
3171:"Portal del DNI Electronico, Cuerpo Nacional de Policía"
2460:"Is Your Digital Banking Vendor Hurting Adoption Rates?"
1628:
banks in Canada rolled out some form of online banking.
1525:
Online banking services later migrated to the Internet.
3403:"Microsoft ends Windows 7 support: What should you do?"
2706:"Westpac Group celebrates 20 years of Internet banking"
2162:"Nine Young Bankers Who Changed America: Thomas Sudman"
2062:
formed a task force to prevent digital discrimination.
1549:, started 4-month-long online banking trail operation.
3374:"Online Banking With the Most Secure Endpoint Device"
2682:"8 Virtual Banks in Hong Kong: How Do They Compare?"
1969:
is used, it is advised that the operating system is
1545:
In January 2015, WeBank, the online bank created by
3200:"What is a Trojan horse and what damage can it do?"
3031:"BCI launches internet banking - Cook Islands News"
1945:As of 2012 there were also combined attacks using
2849:
2847:
2827:"More than 900,000 use online banking in Slovenia"
2735:"ICICI bank completes 20 years of digital banking"
1992:Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
3546:"Carlos, the Spanish retiree taking on the banks"
2795:Praxisorientiertes Business-to-Business-Marketing
2345:Abdou, Hussein, English, John and Adewunmi, Paul
2294:"Information Technology And The Banking Industry"
1471:was later used to transfer the payment directly.
2765:"Brazil's first online bank ramps up innovation"
3056:chipTAN (Sicherungsverfahren im Online-Banking)
1228:through the financial institution's website or
3601:"Task Force to Prevent Digital Discrimination"
2654:"Hong Kong Monetary Authority - Virtual Banks"
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2341:
2339:
3303:"Online banking fraud has doubled since 2011"
2427:"Capitalising on Asia's digital-banking boom"
1915:can also be used to steal login information.
1190:
257:
8:
2621:"China's First Online Bank Finally Launches"
1463:viewlink system and a computer, such as the
1374:Internet and customer reluctance and banking
2398:"EU: Online banking penetration by country"
1712:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1339:) offered home banking services, using the
2034:In 2022, a retired Spanish urologist with
1216:, is a system that enables customers of a
1197:
1183:
679:
490:
275:
264:
250:
29:
3332:Tatanga Attack Exposes chipTAN Weaknesses
1862:Netherlands many banks have adopted this
1732:Learn how and when to remove this message
1315:to produce a secure custom modem for its
527:Transaction (checking / current)
2513:Prendergast, Gerald Paul Joseph (1992).
2155:
2153:
1922:Another kind of attack is the so-called
1783:
2522:(PhD). Massey University. p. 121.
2149:
1434:First online banking services by region
532:
493:
286:
238:
231:
224:
196:
173:
140:
74:
48:
32:
3501:
3499:
2990:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2983:
2931:"ТОП найінноваційніших банків України"
1804:has been almost universally embraced.
3266:Newswise, Retrieved on July 23, 2008.
2675:
2673:
2647:
2645:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2565:from the original on 4 September 2019
2453:
2451:
2172:from the original on 21 November 2019
1935:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
1508:Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978
1299:A 1985 AT&T Home Banking console.
27:Internet-based financial transactions
7:
3353:Trojaner gaukelt Fehlüberweisung vor
1710:adding citations to reliable sources
1156:
3413:from the original on March 25, 2020
2555:"British Move Fast in Home Banking"
2274:from the original on August 4, 2021
2203:Banking and Finance on the Internet
3278:"Online banking fraud 'up by 48%'"
2886:. December 2, 2013. Archived from
2458:Veeraghanta, Murthy (2017-11-08).
1764:between a customer's or another's
25:
3605:Federal Communications Commission
3093:from the original on 15 July 2020
2941:from the original on June 9, 2020
2369:"U.S. digital banking usage 2022"
2060:Federal Communications Commission
1445:Nottingham Building Society (NBS)
1311:. United American partnered with
2884:"ING DIRECT Canada: Our History"
2855:"Innovation in banking Archives"
2072:
1682:
1165:
1155:
1146:
1145:
294:
40:
3611:from the original on 2022-03-29
3582:from the original on 2022-03-08
3556:from the original on 2022-03-29
3526:from the original on 2022-03-29
3384:from the original on 2020-03-25
3378:www.globalbankingandfinance.com
3342:trusteer.com, September 4, 2012
3313:from the original on 2019-12-08
3284:from the original on 2020-05-30
3239:from the original on 2023-02-12
3210:from the original on 2023-02-12
3181:from the original on 2021-05-03
3152:from the original on 2019-09-17
3123:from the original on 2019-12-05
3012:from the original on 2021-10-27
2973:from the original on 2020-08-05
2912:from the original on 2020-08-05
2865:from the original on 2020-06-09
2833:from the original on 2020-06-09
2775:from the original on 2020-08-05
2745:from the original on 2020-08-05
2716:from the original on 2019-09-23
2680:Théaud, Bertrand (2024-05-16).
2652:Authority, Hong Kong Monetary.
2631:from the original on 2021-10-10
2602:from the original on 2013-01-21
2529:from the original on 2019-09-04
2470:from the original on 2019-12-09
2437:from the original on 2020-08-05
2408:from the original on 2019-12-06
2379:from the original on 2019-12-05
2325:from the original on 2018-12-21
2319:"History - About us - OP Group"
2300:from the original on 2020-06-16
2245:from the original on 2014-04-10
2220:from the original on 2021-08-14
3506:Minder, Raphael (2022-03-25).
2561:. 2 January 1984. p. 39.
1844:More advanced TAN generators (
1603:, focused only for companies.
1243:Showing E-banking transactions
945:Strategic financial management
1:
3276:Peachey, Kevin (2015-03-27).
2160:Sparks, Evan (26 June 2017).
2109:Free and open-source software
2105:(Citibank product circa 1990)
1291:Emergence of computer banking
1099:Sustainable development goals
3544:Viejo, Manuel (2022-01-20).
3363:Heise Security, June 1, 2013
3033:. 2021-10-02. Archived from
2658:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
1560:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
3574:Wihbey, John (2015-01-14).
3229:"Man-in-the-browser attack"
2803:10.1007/978-3-8349-9287-1_1
2492:. IGI Global. p. 169.
2041:Ministry of Economy (Spain)
1364:1982 Knoxville World's Fair
3669:
3233:encyclopedia.kaspersky.com
2488:Rishi, Om Prakash (2017).
2239:"The Home Banking Dilemma"
2058:. In March 2022, the U.S.
1996:multifactor authentication
1792:devices for online banking
850:Fractional-reserve banking
778:Enterprise risk management
3142:"Online Banking Security"
2797:. Gabler. pp. 3–13.
2268:Philip Greenspun’s Weblog
2206:. John Wiley & Sons.
2098:Electronic funds transfer
2020:man-in-the-middle attacks
1850:man-in-the-middle attacks
1837:two-factor authentication
1459:service. The system used
1265:Some banks operate as a "
753:Diversification (finance)
75:Retail goods and services
2200:Cronin, Mary J. (1998).
1866:service. There is also "
1758:electronic bill payments
703:Automated teller machine
3550:EL PAÍS English Edition
1637:retail online banking.
1397:By 2018, the number of
1320:month for the service.
950:Stress test (financial)
3432:Secoder 2.0-SStarMoney
2431:McKinsey & Company
2026:Criticism and problems
1793:
1760:, financing loans and
1455:and British Telecom's
1300:
1244:
1226:financial transactions
1224:to conduct a range of
3175:www.dnielectronico.es
2047:With online banking,
1787:
1501:Manufacturers Hanover
1337:Manufacturers Hanover
1307:with headquarters in
1298:
1241:Frankfurter Volksbank
1238:
1222:financial institution
1124:Too connected to fail
885:Investment management
783:Environmental finance
642:Correspondent account
336:Community development
217:Live support software
3409:. January 13, 2020.
1994:issued guidance for
1981:Digital certificates
1905:Cross-site scripting
1706:improve this section
1404:McKinsey and Company
1368:First Tennessee Bank
1309:Knoxville, Tennessee
1022:Exchange traded fund
900:Mathematical finance
860:Fundamental analysis
855:Full-reserve banking
461:Bank holding company
371:Export credit agency
279:Part of a series on
2937:. August 12, 2019.
2464:The Financial Brand
2166:ABA Banking Journal
2088:Contactless payment
2049:race discrimination
2036:Parkinson's disease
1774:account aggregation
1668:Vaine Nooana-Arioka
1489:checkbook registers
1426:traditional banks.
1260:electronic payments
1114:Time value of money
940:Statistical finance
930:Sustainable finance
880:Investment advisory
522:Time deposit (Bond)
161:Trading communities
151:Comparison shopping
3512:The New York Times
3489:2015-09-21 at the
3437:2015-11-18 at the
3380:. 7 January 2015.
3359:2014-02-15 at the
3338:2016-03-06 at the
3262:2008-08-02 at the
3062:2016-03-24 at the
2354:2016-03-04 at the
2270:. March 30, 2018.
2119:Online and offline
2103:Enhanced Telephone
1990:In 2001, the U.S.
1951:social engineering
1924:man-in-the-browser
1828:one-time passwords
1794:
1575:In December 1995,
1439:The United Kingdom
1380:OP Financial Group
1301:
1245:
1089:Security (finance)
1064:History of banking
960:Structured product
955:Structured finance
768:Economic expansion
281:financial services
3204:www.kaspersky.com
3146:www.solidpass.com
2812:978-3-8349-0346-4
2134:Telephone banking
1742:
1741:
1734:
1475:The United States
1351:system was used.
1207:
1206:
1002:Corporate finance
997:Capital structure
972:
971:
743:Corporate finance
563:
562:
274:
273:
16:(Redirected from
3660:
3653:Web applications
3620:
3619:
3617:
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3597:
3591:
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3571:
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3534:
3532:
3531:
3503:
3494:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3457:. Archived from
3456:
3448:
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3399:
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3392:
3390:
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2790:
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2783:
2781:
2780:
2763:Mari, Angelica.
2760:
2754:
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2157:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
1967:operating system
1737:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1686:
1678:
1453:Bank of Scotland
1384:cooperative bank
1239:A screenshot of
1212:, also known as
1199:
1192:
1185:
1169:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1079:Personal finance
1012:Equity (finance)
875:Impact investing
865:Growth investing
773:Enterprise value
680:
491:
446:Savings and loan
298:
276:
266:
259:
252:
198:Customer service
44:
30:
21:
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3568:
3559:
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3529:
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3505:
3504:
3497:
3491:Wayback Machine
3480:
3476:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3439:Wayback Machine
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3387:
3385:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3361:Wayback Machine
3350:
3346:
3340:Wayback Machine
3329:
3325:
3316:
3314:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3287:
3285:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3264:Wayback Machine
3255:
3251:
3242:
3240:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3213:
3211:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3184:
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3169:
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3155:
3153:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3124:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3086:. 4 July 2014.
3079:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3064:Wayback Machine
3053:
3049:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3015:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2961:"Archived copy"
2959:
2958:
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2944:
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2366:
2362:
2356:Wayback Machine
2344:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2317:
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2173:
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2158:
2151:
2147:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2028:
1973:, and properly
1971:still supported
1960:
1958:Countermeasures
1893:
1884:DNI electrónico
1852:carried out by
1782:
1762:funds transfers
1738:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1703:
1687:
1676:
1664:
1655:
1634:
1618:
1609:
1597:
1589:
1573:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1516:
1477:
1441:
1436:
1399:digital banking
1376:
1329:Chase Manhattan
1293:
1284:
1279:
1203:
1138:
1137:
1119:Too big to fail
1104:Systematic risk
1017:Ethical banking
1007:Cost of capital
982:
974:
973:
920:Private banking
890:Islamic banking
870:Hedge (finance)
793:Ethical banking
763:Economic bubble
738:Climate finance
713:Bank regulation
677:
669:
668:
627:Instant payment
573:
565:
564:
488:
471:
470:
306:
270:
233:Purchase-to-pay
175:Mobile commerce
156:Social commerce
142:Online shopping
67:Streaming media
49:Digital content
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3666:
3664:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3648:Online banking
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3626:External links
3624:
3622:
3621:
3607:. 2022-03-16.
3592:
3566:
3536:
3495:
3474:
3443:
3424:
3394:
3365:
3344:
3323:
3309:. 2019-05-31.
3294:
3268:
3249:
3220:
3206:. 2021-10-05.
3191:
3162:
3133:
3117:SearchSecurity
3104:
3068:
3047:
3022:
2997:
2952:
2922:
2893:
2890:on 2013-12-02.
2875:
2843:
2818:
2811:
2785:
2755:
2726:
2697:
2669:
2641:
2627:. 2015-01-20.
2612:
2576:
2559:New York Times
2539:
2505:
2498:
2480:
2447:
2433:. March 2015.
2418:
2389:
2360:
2335:
2310:
2296:. 2014-09-24.
2285:
2255:
2230:
2212:
2183:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Mobile banking
2111:
2106:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2067:
2064:
2056:digital divide
2027:
2024:
1959:
1956:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1858:
1857:
1841:
1840:
1833:security token
1812:authentication
1807:Though single
1802:secure website
1790:security token
1781:
1778:
1750:secure website
1740:
1739:
1690:
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1581:St.George Bank
1572:
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1539:
1530:
1527:
1515:
1512:
1476:
1473:
1440:
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1432:
1375:
1372:
1305:community bank
1292:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1253:branch banking
1210:Online banking
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1179:
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1132:
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1084:Public finance
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989:
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981:Related topics
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925:Sustainability
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905:Mobile banking
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502:Christmas club
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477:
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467:Lists of banks
464:
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458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
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428:
423:
421:Postal savings
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305:Types of banks
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100:
95:
90:
85:
77:
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72:
71:
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69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3665:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3567:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3537:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3464:on 2007-10-11
3460:
3453:
3452:"OCC 2005–35"
3447:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3037:on 2021-10-02
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2969:
2962:
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2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2786:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2525:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2499:9781522522348
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2219:
2215:
2213:9780471292197
2209:
2205:
2204:
2198:page 41 from
2197:
2196:0-471-29219-2
2193:
2187:
2184:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2018:) to counter
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:In 2012, the
1999:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:Trojan horses
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1800:The use of a
1798:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1736:
1733:
1725:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1691:This section
1689:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1601:Conta Simples
1594:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1535:Sumitomo Bank
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:Chemical Bank
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1420:Gartner Group
1415:
1414:scare ended.
1413:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:Chemical Bank
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1297:
1290:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:Watered stock
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Systemic risk
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:List of banks
1067:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
987:Asset pricing
985:
984:
978:
977:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
758:Eco-investing
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:Disinvestment
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
728:Capital asset
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
687:
684:
683:
682:
681:
673:
672:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
643:
640:
639:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
606:
603:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
569:
568:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
537:
536:
531:
528:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
497:
492:
487:
484:
480:
475:
474:
469:
468:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
411:Participation
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
391:Middle market
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
321:Bulge bracket
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
302:
301:
297:
293:
292:
289:
285:
282:
278:
277:
267:
262:
260:
255:
253:
248:
247:
245:
244:
241:
237:
234:
230:
227:
226:E-procurement
223:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
203:
202:
199:
195:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
180:
179:
176:
172:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
147:
146:
143:
139:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:Food ordering
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
79:
78:
73:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
53:
52:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
19:
3613:. Retrieved
3604:
3595:
3584:. Retrieved
3569:
3558:. Retrieved
3549:
3539:
3528:. Retrieved
3511:
3482:
3477:
3466:. Retrieved
3459:the original
3446:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3406:
3397:
3386:. Retrieved
3377:
3368:
3352:
3347:
3331:
3326:
3315:. Retrieved
3306:
3297:
3286:. Retrieved
3271:
3252:
3241:. Retrieved
3232:
3223:
3212:. Retrieved
3203:
3194:
3183:. Retrieved
3174:
3165:
3154:. Retrieved
3145:
3136:
3125:. Retrieved
3116:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3083:
3071:
3055:
3050:
3039:. Retrieved
3035:the original
3025:
3014:. Retrieved
3000:
2975:. Retrieved
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2934:
2925:
2914:. Retrieved
2905:
2896:
2888:the original
2878:
2867:. Retrieved
2858:
2835:. Retrieved
2821:
2794:
2788:
2777:. Retrieved
2768:
2758:
2747:. Retrieved
2738:
2729:
2718:. Retrieved
2709:
2700:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:
2661:. Retrieved
2657:
2633:. Retrieved
2624:
2615:
2604:. Retrieved
2567:. Retrieved
2558:
2531:. Retrieved
2515:
2508:
2489:
2483:
2472:. Retrieved
2463:
2439:. Retrieved
2430:
2421:
2410:. Retrieved
2401:
2392:
2381:. Retrieved
2372:
2363:
2347:
2327:. Retrieved
2313:
2302:. Retrieved
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2267:
2258:
2247:. Retrieved
2233:
2222:. Retrieved
2202:
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2165:
2124:Open banking
2080:Banks portal
2053:
2046:
2033:
2029:
2000:
1989:
1979:
1964:
1961:
1944:
1940:
1933:A 2008 U.S.
1932:
1928:Trojan horse
1921:
1917:
1894:
1883:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1770:
1754:
1743:
1728:
1719:
1704:Please help
1692:
1665:
1662:Cook Islands
1656:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1619:
1610:
1598:
1590:
1579:acquired by
1577:Advance Bank
1574:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1524:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1478:
1442:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1377:
1360:Jake Butcher
1356:
1353:
1322:
1302:
1285:
1264:
1257:
1249:core banking
1246:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1042:participants
915:Pension fund
723:Asset growth
718:Bank secrecy
593:Bill payment
512:Money-market
482:
465:
346:Credit union
128:Ride-hailing
103:Distribution
92:
2906:Maanimo.com
2859:BMO History
2569:4 September
2278:October 27,
2129:SMS banking
2093:Direct bank
1746:credentials
1313:Radio Shack
1267:direct bank
1074:Market risk
965:Toxic asset
935:Speculation
823:engineering
361:Development
341:Cooperative
207:Call centre
118:Marketplace
98:DVD-by-mail
83:Advertising
18:Online bank
3642:Categories
3615:2022-03-29
3586:2022-03-29
3560:2022-03-29
3530:2022-03-29
3468:2007-11-01
3388:2020-03-25
3317:2019-12-08
3288:2019-12-08
3243:2023-02-12
3214:2023-02-12
3185:2021-05-07
3156:2019-09-12
3127:2019-12-05
3041:2021-10-02
3016:2020-06-09
2977:2020-06-09
2916:2020-06-09
2869:2020-06-09
2837:2020-06-09
2779:2019-11-24
2749:2020-02-23
2739:ICICI-Bank
2720:2019-09-23
2691:2024-09-21
2663:2024-09-21
2635:2019-09-12
2625:PYMNTS.com
2606:2019-03-20
2533:2019-09-04
2474:2019-12-09
2441:2019-12-09
2412:2019-12-06
2383:2019-12-05
2329:2018-12-20
2304:2019-11-30
2249:2008-07-10
2224:2008-07-10
2145:References
1985:HBCI/FinTS
1722:March 2021
1497:Chase Bank
1282:Precursors
1230:mobile app
1047:regulation
696:management
691:allocation
588:Electronic
381:Industrial
376:Investment
356:Depository
331:Commercial
240:Super-apps
34:E-commerce
3520:0362-4331
3417:March 25,
3307:computing
3097:27 August
1965:Whatever
1909:keylogger
1864:"SMS TAN"
1693:does not
1674:Operation
1641:Ukraine.
1571:Australia
1553:Hong Kong
1465:BBC Micro
1220:or other
1027:Financial
818:economics
798:Financial
664:BRICS PAY
456:Wholesale
451:Universal
351:Custodian
212:Help desk
189:Ticketing
3609:Archived
3580:Archived
3554:Archived
3524:Archived
3487:Archived
3435:Archived
3411:Archived
3407:BBC News
3382:Archived
3357:Archived
3336:Archived
3311:Archived
3282:Archived
3260:Archived
3237:Archived
3208:Archived
3179:Archived
3150:Archived
3121:Archived
3088:Archived
3060:Archived
3010:Archived
2986:cite web
2968:Archived
2939:Archived
2935:Marketer
2910:Archived
2863:Archived
2831:Archived
2773:Archived
2743:Archived
2714:Archived
2629:Archived
2597:Archived
2563:Archived
2524:Archived
2468:Archived
2435:Archived
2406:Archived
2402:Statista
2377:Archived
2373:Statista
2352:Archived
2323:Archived
2298:Archived
2272:Archived
2243:Archived
2218:Archived
2176:12 March
2170:Archived
2066:See also
1901:pharming
1897:phishing
1868:PhotoTAN
1839:or 2FA).
1809:password
1780:Security
1766:accounts
1653:Ethiopia
1607:Slovenia
1493:Citibank
1449:Homelink
1428:Neobanks
1341:videotex
1325:Citibank
1151:Category
843:services
828:forecast
803:analysis
708:Bad debt
494:Accounts
479:Accounts
416:Payments
406:Offshore
386:Merchant
311:Advising
123:Pharmacy
88:Auctions
62:Software
2945:June 9,
2686:Statrys
2139:Neobank
2016:chipTAN
2011:SMS TAN
2007:malware
1975:patched
1947:malware
1891:Attacks
1881:ID card
1854:Trojans
1846:chipTAN
1714:removed
1699:sources
1632:Ukraine
1547:Tencent
1520:Minitel
1461:Prestel
1457:Prestel
1349:Prestel
1345:Minitel
1277:History
1271:neobank
1161:Commons
838:planner
808:analyst
556:Prepaid
517:Savings
507:Deposit
441:Savings
426:Private
401:Neobank
326:Central
288:Banking
184:Payment
113:Grocery
93:Banking
3518:
2809:
2496:
2210:
2194:
1616:Canada
1595:Brazil
1514:France
1485:Pronto
1388:bundle
1335:, and
1317:TRS-80
1269:" or "
1171:Portal
1094:Shares
1057:system
1037:market
598:Mobile
578:Cheque
546:Credit
481:
436:Retail
431:Public
366:Direct
166:Wallet
133:Travel
3462:(PDF)
3455:(PDF)
3091:(PDF)
3080:(PDF)
2971:(PDF)
2964:(PDF)
2769:ZDNet
2600:(PDF)
2593:(PDF)
2527:(PDF)
2520:(PDF)
1788:Five
1622:mbanx
1587:India
1565:WeLab
1541:China
1529:Japan
813:asset
686:Asset
676:Terms
637:SWIFT
551:Debit
533:Cards
486:Cards
57:Ebook
3516:ISSN
3419:2020
3099:2019
2992:link
2947:2020
2807:ISBN
2571:2019
2494:ISBN
2280:2021
2208:ISBN
2192:ISBN
2178:2019
1949:and
1907:and
1899:and
1818:The
1697:any
1695:cite
1499:and
1469:BACS
1382:, a
1218:bank
1052:risk
895:Loan
833:plan
733:Cash
659:SPFS
654:CIPS
632:Giro
610:RTGS
605:Wire
583:Card
316:Banq
2799:doi
2710:ARN
1824:TAN
1820:PIN
1708:by
1447:'s
1412:Y2K
1032:law
788:ESG
649:CLS
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