252:. Farmers who never agreed to the tobacco buy-out may grow as much tobacco as their farmland allows through a special tobacco growing licence that was created on the week of May 15, 2009. Relatives of the farmers (either blood relatives or relatives through marriage) who agreed to the buy-out can still grow tobacco on the original farmer's land with a tobacco growing licence. However, this right does not extend to the farmer himself who can still manage the farm but not own it in his name. Farmers must also find a company that will buy his product; otherwise he cannot grow tobacco until next year. Attempts by local youth sports leagues to prohibit the usage of tobacco amongst players, coaches, referees, and even spectators has been successful in a region that was once dominated by the massive profits of Big Tobacco.
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282:, displaced farmers will come to the Ontario tobacco belt seeking acres of land to farm. European farmers have bought farmland in massive amounts throughout the course of the Great Recession; fleeing the bleak prospect of farming land between airstrips in their native Europe. Their expertise in growing non-tobacco crops will forever change the economy of communities like Tillsonburg and Delhi. Tobacco labourers will easily transition over into their new jobs in horticulture labour. Most of the jobs will involve heavy labour and no additional skills would be needed for the
491:(on the easternmost part of the Ontario tobacco belt) has been declared to be the site of future wind generators. Norfolk County has banned the placement of new wind turbines after becoming a "willing host" for them back in 2003. One of the council members were worried about Norfolk County becoming "industrialized" and "unnatural." Many leaders in Norfolk County envision the surrounding area as being an agricultural hub for Southern Ontario even by the middle of the 22nd century.
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395:. After the start of 2012, the effects of the March 2012 North American heat wave has rendered virtually all snowfall in this area non-existent for the first time since the winter of 1994–95. The heat wave has also shattered all of the temperature records throughout the Ontario tobacco belt along with the rest of Southern Canada and parts of North America. This heat wave has extended itself into the
275:" jobs through solar panels, wind turbines, and recycled rain water. Delhi, once considered to be the "heart of the Ontario tobacco belt," historically had transient adolescent workers that could find employment quickly. The local police force started to take a less tolerant stand towards these job seekers in the later years when they started to threaten the employment of local workers.
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Diversification into several different types of products could help the region absorb the ups and downs of a changing economy. The winter hardiness and soil requirements of lavender are equivalent to that of tobacco; meaning that an "Ontario horticultural belt" could see the economy revolve around lavender plants rather than tobacco plants.
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temperatures in excess of 30 °C or 86 °F are rising due to shifting weather patterns. Within the next 20 years, the industrial character of
Norfolk, Brant and Oxford counties might have to change in order to adapt to the difficulties that future farmers will face concerning the well-being of their crops.
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to increase as it became more expensive to deliver the needed energy due to complications with the electricity grid. While rent has remained very cheap (approximately 870 Canadian dollars a month) by global standards in
Brantford, the rising cost of electricity has made the typical restaurant meal in
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When temperatures in the
Ontario tobacco belt manage to reach a high of beyond 30 °C or 86 °F, overall crop yields can be reduced as much as 1% per day; leading to potential crop failures months ahead of the proper harvest schedule. The number of days that the Ontario tobacco belt spends in
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An overnight frost in the early fall of 1999 damaged the unharvested crops of one hundred local tobacco farms; Norfolk County, Brant County, and Oxford County were affected in the disaster. An official reading of 35.7 °C or 96.3 °F from the Delhi weather station recorded on July 7, 2012 has
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The months of April and May 2015 saw temperatures that went directly from being unseasonably cold to unseasonably warm and back to unseasonably cold without any moderate weather in between. Cloudy days with high winds dominate the colder days while the unseasonably warm weather brought about threats
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The well-established banks are removing their presence away from the rural communities of the
Ontario tobacco belt at a fast pace. Places like Service Ontario and the Backus Heritage Conservation Area may have to shutter their doors after the departure of CIBC; leading to an almost-immediate loss of
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who "reside" in the tobacco belt region from March to
November. Farm operators within the Ontario tobacco belt are 55 years old on average as of December 14, 2012 because operating a farm consists of long hours, intensive physical labour and little pay. Despite the recent economic woes, young people
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The winter of 2016 experienced a lack of snowfall not seen since the winter of 2012. While the summer months of 2016 were as equally dry and hot as the summer of 2015, it was considerably more windy in 2016 than it was in 2015. The dry summer affected everything from trees to wildlife to the water
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While
Canadian tobacco farmers (especially those in the Ontario tobacco belt) see themselves as "innocent victims" of government tobacco regulations, most of them started farming after provincial governments throughout Canada began introducing policies aimed at limiting tobacco consumption. As the
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when it closed down in March 2010; terminating 61 Canadian jobs on a permanent basis. They once made fans and blowers for industrial operations in the region. 2600 people have officially joined the
Norfolk County workforce between June 2012 and June 2013. Businesses have been expanding throughout
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have been used extensively in the Port Rowan area and in the southwestern part of
Norfolk County (particularly near Lake Erie). Port Rowan has seen some wind generators installed in the northern end of their community near their active adult community; but were dismantled after the local people
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crops thrive in this region, including 90% of all tobacco grown in Canada. Members of
Parliament elected to ridings in the Ontario tobacco belt have strong pro-tobacco policies in addition to other policies in the interest of their rural constituents. Historically, the Ontario tobacco belt is
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Compared to 1998, tobacco farming is down by 60% and falling. It is possible that this tobacco industry will never recover and disappear forever. Calls to action by local residents to diversify the tobacco belt into other industries have been slow in being answered by
Norfolk County council.
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Between December 2012 and April 2013, temperatures managed to return to normal seasonal levels for the Ontario tobacco belt along with most of Ontario. While May and June 2013 has seen temperatures that were slightly above normal, July 2013 has seen the return of extremely warm temperatures.
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employed many local residents. The Canadian Canning Company, which had been in operation in Simcoe since the 1870s, was a primary customer for some of the products of the American Can Plant, and was a producer of canned fruit, vegetable, and processed prepared foodstuffs, such as soup. This
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The traditional climate for most of the Ontario tobacco belt has witnessed temperatures as low of −7.8 °C (18.0 °F) in January and as high as 25.6 °C (78.1 °F) in July. The winter of 1975 was the only unusually mild winter in the Ontario tobacco belt from 1877 to 1977.
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Delhi Industries and Delhi Foundry once offered non-tobacco jobs to Delhi. They both eventually closed due to the changing Canadian economy that emphasized more on service jobs than jobs in traditional manufacturing fields. Delhi Industries lasted until the midst of the
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victimized Norfolk County from January to mid-April 2014 with unusually frequent cases of blizzards and snowstorms. An expected heat wave for the summer months of 2014 never emerged, meaning that temperatures in the Ontario tobacco belt have remained close to normal.
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for decades before the wind turbines started appearing. However, these concerns are negated by wind energy proponents who say that the turbines could lead to electricity price reductions through lower natural gas prices (due to the reductions in natural gas demand).
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The Ontario tobacco belt experienced its economic zenith during the 1950s and 1960s. During those decades, most communities in the Ontario belt (as well as their residents) were reasonably affluent from the economic gains that the tobacco farms made. The song
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The temperatures from June to early September 2015 were seen as unusually warm and/or muggy. Thunderstorms and essential rainfall was deemed to be few and far in-between; with normal seasonal temperatures returning around late September of that year.
557:. These alternatives will be cheaper and cleaner than the energy forms that rely on fossil fuels. The increasingly frequent use of alternative clean fuels (such as wind, and solar) will help reduce pollution from fossil fuel use, and mitigate
498:, it is assumed that electricity could be created closer to home without using fossil fuels and without polluting the atmosphere or the water that people need to live. However, one of the side effects has been the unexplained killing of the
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that city to be very expensive (with the cost of a meal between 10.50 Canadian dollars a person for lunch to 67.50 Canadian dollars a person for an elegant dinner); particularly when compared to other communities within Southern Ontario.
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to fill the void that tobacco leaves behind economically. Most of these alternative crops are either grown or raised in Norfolk County; that is where the cash crush of a declining tobacco market is affecting the most people.
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The longstanding dominance of tobacco in the region has been on the wane in recent years. In 2002, politicians from the Ontario tobacco belt opposed several anti-smoking measures, causing a non-smoking group to give the
259:. This by-law was passed on May 14, 2012 by Tillsonburg Town council; prohibiting the usage of tobacco and tobacco-related products within 9 metres or 30 feet of certain buildings intended for families and/or children.
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tobacco farmers; farmers are told to grow different crops or go out of business. However, it is difficult to adjust to the changing supply and demand when most farmers are in heavy debt. The economic fallout from the
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Norfolk County again; often hiring people two at a time. Innovative business running measures are also improving the quality of life for Norfolk County residents who are members of the workforce. The economy of the
245:. After receiving the money, farmers that signed the buy-out are permitted to grow any crop except for tobacco; switching to raising livestock like cattle, poultry, or pigs is completely legal under this plan.
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processing plant relied heavily on fruit and vegetables produced locally. In 1991, the Robinson Street manufacturing plants closed. The shutdown of the plants can be partially attributed to the
375:, the number of successful tobacco and food crops were fewer and more expensive because of fears of an early frost that never quite surfaced in 2009. The same effect was felt months after the
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Factories once operated in the Ontario tobacco belt; especially in the town of Simcoe. During the 42 years that it was operating, the metal-can manufacturing plant owned by The
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432:. Rain finally returned around October and November 2016 when the cold front needed to produce precipitation was finally created in order to fight the dominant warm front.
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experienced temperatures that were cooler than usual. The heat wave officially ended in early November 2012 when local temperatures plunged below 10 °C or 50 °F.
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Only about one thousand farm families still produce tobacco in the entire belt. Motivation to cease tobacco farming has been accelerated by health issues and high tobacco
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older farmers retire, their children will most likely seek different career paths. Tobacco farms would eventually be sold to their neighbours; this has a
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Wiser, R., Bolinger, M. (2007). “Can deployment of renewable energy put downward pressure on natural gas prices?” Energy Policy, Volume 35, pp.295-306.
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1701:(2009). "Contextualizing avian mortality: A preliminary appraisal of bird and bat fatalities from wind, fossil-fuel, and nuclear electricity".
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in this region were given $ 300 million to buy out their entire tobacco quota. All of the money was raised from a $ 1,000,000,000 fine against
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starting protesting. Most of them are seen near the communities of Clear Creek, Jacksonburg, Houghton Centre, and Hemlock.
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were responsible for scaling back a proposed tobacco tax from $ 10/carton to $ 5/carton. They failed to implement a public
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along with the rest of the world may become further interconnected with the changing economy of the Ontario tobacco belt.
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also played in role in declining tobacco sales and farmers going deeper into debt. There are also good opportunities for
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From the beginning of the 20th century to the 1960s, the coastal portion of the Ontario tobacco belt was threatened with
2014:
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species that is being rehabilitated in the area. Wind energy supporters have stated in the past that fossil fuel-based
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find greater job security working at urban office jobs than operating a rural farm in either Norfolk or Oxford County.
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is becoming less frequent amongst both rural and urban people as it becomes more expensive. Alternative fuels (like
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devastated several tobacco farms in the tobacco belt in 1979. That tornado was the most severe in the area to date.
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seedlings was the desertification finally stopped. More than 25% of Norfolk County is considered to be forested.
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Testimony to Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, United States House of Representatives
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seedlings did the Ontario tobacco belt started to become a more friendly climate for tobacco production.
196:. This domino effect ultimately results in fewer farmers having more acreage creating a further sense of
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Temperatures did not return to normal seasonal patterns until the middle of October 2013. However, the
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Historically, the hottest temperatures in the Ontario tobacco belt were recorded on July 9, 1936 with
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captured the hard working spirit of the Ontario tobacco belt during the middle of the 20th century. A
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projects done in this area in the future) will eventually relegate the use of fossil fuels to the
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introduced the tobacco crop after fleeing northwards from their established farms following the
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872:"Bylaw 3596 : To Prohibit Smoking In Certain Public Places Within The Town Of Tillsonburg"
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1840:"Saudi Arabia in the year 2037 - also deals with developed countries having alternative fuels"
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of that same year. There were two outbreaks of blizzards that occurred in this area between
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Even the traditional climate was considered to be inhospitable for some as the threat of
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1117:"Maximum Freezing Degree-Days as a Winter Severity Index for the Great Lakes, 1897–1977"
364:
seen rising temperatures become a nearly unstoppable trend in the Ontario tobacco belt.
153:. However, the first official tobacco plot wasn't planted in Norfolk County until 1920.
24:
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Currently, Tillsonburg is under a strict bylaw aimed at reducing levels of outdoor
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229:(until the Smoke Free Ontario law was passed in 2006). On August 8, 2008, tobacco
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The conventional Ontario electricity grid had become dependent on fossil fuels,
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271:; an environmental region in Southern Ontario that is dedicated to creating "
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Tobacco farmers in this region have to deal with the same issues that haunt
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raged on from the early 20th century through the 1960s. Only by planting
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1939:
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composed of the rural area immediately surrounding the towns of Delhi,
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The cost of the wind generator devices (approximately $ 4 million
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597:"Waterfowl and Wetlands of Long Point Bay and Old Norfolk County"
1904:
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However, with the summer temperatures of 2009 having been the
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registering temperatures up to 40.6 °C or 105.1 °F.
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18:
1142:
10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1440:MFDDAA>2.0.CO;2
874:. The Town of Tillsonburg (Ontario, Canada). Archived from
643:. International Development Research Centre. Archived from
1569:"Situation of tobacco farmers (from Europe's perspective)"
735:. Action on Smoking and Health. 2002-10-17. Archived from
221:
a failing grade at that time. The tobacco belt members of
763:. Canada.com (Ottawa Citizen). 2008-08-02. Archived from
822:"Relatives of Bought-Out Farmers May Still Grow Tobacco"
1770:
1768:
1437:"Temperatures predictions for December 2012-April 2013"
1361:"Historic Heat in North America Turns Winter to Summer"
694:
Report on Tree Conservation By-Laws in Southern Ontario
42:
2259:
Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board
1463:"Weather information for Simcoe, Ontario - April 2015"
2423:
Baptist Bible College Canada and Theological Seminary
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Most of the Ontario tobacco belt also belongs to the
1611:
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1488:"Weather information for Simcoe, Ontario - May 2015"
663:
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1979:
1948:
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1127:(9). American Meteorological Society: 1440–1445.
713:Newark, M. (Autumn 1979). The Woodstock Tornado.
1866:"Dangerous Human-Made Interference with Climate"
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1561:
1510:
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1263:. Environment Canada. 2009-09-01. Archived from
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814:
812:
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755:
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847:"Local summer hockey league goes tobacco-free"
1916:
1412:"Delhi, Ontario weather for November 1, 2012"
669:"Desertification history of Southern Ontario"
513:per unit) has caused the short-term price of
8:
1595:. Government of Ontario (Canada). 2008-06-05
1066:"Delhi, Ontario weather for January 1, 1960"
212:Tobacco farm in Norfolk County, summer 2012.
90:. The region is close to the north shore of
727:
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420:of thunderstorms during the evening hours.
110:. Additional tobacco farms can be found in
1923:
1909:
1901:
1649:"Norfolk Seeks End to Turbine Development"
1045:CIBC will transfer accounts to Hagersville
1001:"Delhi Industries to close doors in March"
506:affect the birds in a less humane manner.
142:Delhi Tobacco Museum & Heritage Centre
1205:"Delhi, Ontario weather for July 7, 2012"
1140:
1091:"Delhi, Ontario weather for July 1, 1960"
955:"Farmers getting older, fewer in numbers"
783:
781:
16:Tobacco growing region in Ontario, Canada
1286:"Ontario Weather Review - February 2012"
1587:
1585:
1311:"Ontario Weather Review - January 2012"
585:
278:As urbanization continues to claim the
1778:. University of Guelph. Archived from
1638:The Simcoe Reformer - January 19, 2011
1235:. University of Guelph. Archived from
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
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599:. Long Point Biosphere. Archived from
2536:Haldimand-Norfolk Housing Corporation
1997:Current provincial electoral district
1886:from the original on 28 February 2023
1593:"Government of Ontario (Canada) news"
1336:"Ontario Weather Review - March 2012"
1180:"Frost Caused Damage in Tobacco Belt"
1033:from the original on August 19, 2014.
928:Farmers face prospect of higher taxes
7:
2617:Geography of Norfolk County, Ontario
2521:133rd Battalion (Norfolk's Own), CEF
1443:from the original on 14 January 2016
1261:"Ontario Weather Review - July 2009"
1207:. Old Farmers' Almanac. 2012-07-07.
399:. During August 2012, only parts of
1753:Cost of living in Brantford, Canada
1674:"Wind Concerns Ontario (Wordpress)"
761:"Where the buy-out money came from"
1992:Current federal electoral district
1571:. Save Tobacco Growers. 2008-08-20
1371:from the original on 23 March 2012
1338:. Environment Canada. 2012-05-24.
1313:. Environment Canada. 2012-02-28.
1288:. Environment Canada. 2012-03-19.
1167:Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000
733:"Ontario Fails to Control Tobacco"
14:
2101:The Port Rowan Good News (weekly)
2055:Provincial electoral district of
1516:"Political Bites: Smoky politics"
899:Picking tobacco in Delhi, Ontario
671:. Defining Canada. Archived from
379:with the subsequent blizzards on
36:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
2381:Friday the 13th motorcycle rally
2264:Grand Erie District School Board
1729:"Hydro prices going like rocket"
1027:"Optimism being felt in Norfolk"
990:historical information at UER.ca
849:. Norfolk County. Archived from
413:2013–14 North American cold wave
23:
2332:Valley Heights Secondary School
2305:Delhi District Secondary School
1807:from the original on 2011-11-01
1735:from the original on 2010-08-24
1655:from the original on 2016-01-14
1547:from the original on 2016-04-20
1522:from the original on 2008-12-21
1494:from the original on 2016-05-31
1469:from the original on 2015-05-27
1418:from the original on 2016-01-14
1342:from the original on 2012-05-31
1317:from the original on 2013-03-12
1292:from the original on 2013-03-12
1211:from the original on 2016-01-14
1186:from the original on 2012-11-03
1097:from the original on 2016-01-14
1072:from the original on 2016-01-14
1025:Daniel Pearce (June 12, 2013).
961:from the original on 2016-01-14
936:from the original on 2016-01-14
828:from the original on 2009-05-22
796:from the original on 2008-08-11
441:Horticulture and animal farming
2627:History of Ontario by location
2457:Waterford District High School
2047:Federal electoral district of
2039:Federal electoral district of
2031:Federal electoral district of
2023:Federal electoral district of
2015:Federal electoral district of
2007:Federal electoral district of
576:"Built on Sand" by Will Carson
377:severe December 22–28 blizzard
323:jobs within the tobacco belt.
1:
2642:Geographic regions of Ontario
1541:"A tale of two tobacco farms"
1676:. 2010-04-06. Archived from
788:Perkel, Colin (2008-08-01).
304:recession of the early 1990s
2531:Doan's Hollow Public School
2386:Port Dover Composite School
1715:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.02.011
1401:at Earth Observatory (NASA)
456:Canadian economic recession
312:Canadian economic recession
74:-growing region located in
2663:
2269:Norfolk Board of Education
2161:Long Point Provincial Park
2131:County Fair and Horse Show
1115:Assel, Raymond A. (1980).
2612:Geography of Elgin County
2121:Backstage Capitol Theatre
1617:"Lakeshore Wind Turbines"
790:"Ontario tobacco buy-out"
641:"Farmers on Tobacco Road"
2109:Attractions and services
1803:. Ontario Energy Board.
1801:"The Electricity Sector"
1776:"Electricity in Ontario"
1414:. Old Farmers' Almanac.
1182:. CBC News. 1999-09-22.
1169:, accessed 18 March 2012
1093:. Old Farmers' Almanac.
1068:. Old Farmers' Almanac.
980:American Canning Company
494:By harvesting the local
436:Replacements for tobacco
49:may contain suggestions.
34:may need to be rewritten
2057:Haldimand—Norfolk—Brant
2009:Haldimand—Norfolk—Brant
957:. The Simcoe Reformer.
184:that started in nearby
147:United Empire Loyalists
2588:42.78822°N 80.433998°W
1391:Mapping the Hot Summer
1365:NASA Earth Observatory
1230:"Celebrating the Past"
1121:Monthly Weather Review
213:
143:
2637:Agriculture in Canada
2551:South Norfolk Railway
2136:Delhi Community Arena
543:Erie Shores Wind Farm
223:Provincial Parliament
211:
141:
2622:Geography of Ontario
2593:42.78822; -80.433998
2243:Norfolk County roads
2171:Ontario tobacco belt
2069:Radio and newspapers
792:. The Toronto Star.
572:Stompin' Tom Connors
555:developing countries
515:hydroelectric energy
317:Greater Toronto Area
299:American Can Company
178:Stompin' Tom Connors
112:Prince Edward Island
84:Southwestern Ontario
68:Ontario tobacco belt
2584: /
2526:Dennis' Horseradish
2445:Walsh Public School
2359:Nixon Public School
2126:Bird Studies Canada
1949:Municipal elections
1864:Hansen, J. (2007).
1133:1980MWRv..108.1440A
1029:. Simcoe Reformer.
291:transient labourers
243:Benson & Hedges
198:economic inequality
182:devastating tornado
160:. Only by planting
151:American Revolution
2647:Agricultural belts
2391:Raid on Port Dover
2211:Roads and highways
2197:Port Dover Sailors
2185:Local sports teams
1982:federal government
1758:2012-12-10 at the
1731:. Ottawa Citizen.
1397:2012-08-19 at the
1164:Environment Canada
1055:at Simcoe Reformer
1051:2017-12-01 at the
986:2014-11-27 at the
824:. Better Farming.
700:2006-09-25 at the
565:In popular culture
405:Northern Australia
381:February 5–6, 2010
373:coldest since 1816
219:Ontario government
214:
144:
2632:Tobacco in Canada
2567:
2566:
2464:Other communities
2428:Greenhouse Canada
2166:Lynn Valley Trail
2087:Delhi News-Record
2033:Norfolk—Haldimand
1367:. 21 March 2012.
570:"Tillsonburg" by
280:Niagara Peninsula
257:second-hand smoke
64:
63:
38:quality standards
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2192:Delhi Travellers
2156:Green Energy Hub
2146:General Hospital
1943:
1942:
1936:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1842:. Archived from
1836:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1772:
1763:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1709:(6): 2241–2248.
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1543:. Norfolk News.
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1408:
1402:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1062:
1056:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1003:. Archived from
997:
991:
976:
970:
969:
967:
966:
951:
945:
944:
942:
941:
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
903:. Archived from
893:
887:
886:
884:
883:
868:
862:
861:
859:
858:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
818:
805:
804:
802:
801:
785:
776:
775:
773:
772:
757:
748:
747:
745:
744:
729:
718:
711:
705:
690:
684:
683:
681:
680:
665:
656:
655:
653:
652:
637:
612:
611:
609:
608:
593:
541:from the nearby
393:February 2, 2011
269:Green Energy Hub
235:Imperial Tobacco
59:
56:
50:
27:
19:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2602:
2601:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2509:
2473:Bodies of water
2468:
2349:Mabee's Corners
2273:
2247:
2206:
2202:Norfolk IceCats
2180:
2104:
2095:Simcoe Reformer
2064:
1981:
1975:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1849:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1760:Wayback Machine
1751:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1699:Sovacool, B. K.
1697:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1399:Wayback Machine
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1162:
1158:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1053:Wayback Machine
1042:
1038:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1008:
999:
998:
994:
988:Wayback Machine
977:
973:
964:
962:
953:
952:
948:
939:
937:
924:
923:
919:
910:
908:
895:
894:
890:
881:
879:
870:
869:
865:
856:
854:
845:
844:
840:
831:
829:
820:
819:
808:
799:
797:
787:
786:
779:
770:
768:
759:
758:
751:
742:
740:
731:
730:
721:
712:
708:
702:Wayback Machine
691:
687:
678:
676:
667:
666:
659:
650:
648:
639:
638:
615:
606:
604:
595:
594:
587:
583:
567:
484:Wind generators
481:
479:Wind generators
443:
438:
361:
342:desertification
334:
329:
265:
206:
158:desertification
136:
60:
54:
51:
41:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2176:Talbot Gardens
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1985:
1983:
1980:Provincial and
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1934:Norfolk County
1930:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1856:
1826:
1817:
1792:
1764:
1745:
1720:
1690:
1665:
1640:
1631:
1605:
1581:
1557:
1532:
1504:
1479:
1454:
1428:
1403:
1382:
1352:
1327:
1302:
1277:
1252:
1221:
1196:
1171:
1156:
1107:
1082:
1057:
1036:
1017:
992:
971:
946:
917:
888:
863:
838:
806:
777:
749:
719:
706:
704:at Tree Canada
685:
657:
613:
584:
582:
579:
578:
577:
574:
566:
563:
559:global warming
527:nuclear energy
480:
477:
442:
439:
437:
434:
385:February 25–27
360:
357:
333:
330:
328:
325:
264:
261:
205:
204:Recent history
202:
135:
132:
76:Norfolk County
62:
61:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2659:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:Nixon Airport
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:Miscellaneous
2512:
2506:
2505:Venison Creek
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:School boards
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2049:Norfolk South
2045:
2043:
2042:
2041:Norfolk North
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2025:Norfolk—Elgin
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1857:
1846:on 2001-07-23
1845:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1782:on 2011-09-11
1781:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:Energy Policy
1700:
1694:
1691:
1680:on 2010-04-09
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1267:on 2012-12-03
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1242:on 2016-01-14
1238:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1007:on 2014-08-19
1006:
1002:
996:
993:
989:
985:
982:
981:
975:
972:
960:
956:
950:
947:
935:
931:
929:
921:
918:
907:on 2013-11-15
906:
902:
900:
892:
889:
878:on 2012-12-16
877:
873:
867:
864:
853:on 2016-01-14
852:
848:
842:
839:
827:
823:
817:
815:
813:
811:
807:
795:
791:
784:
782:
778:
767:on 2012-11-05
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
739:on 2006-09-26
738:
734:
728:
726:
724:
720:
716:
710:
707:
703:
699:
696:
695:
689:
686:
675:on 2014-05-06
674:
670:
664:
662:
658:
647:on 2008-12-20
646:
642:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
614:
603:on 2010-11-26
602:
598:
592:
590:
586:
580:
575:
573:
569:
568:
564:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
528:
524:
519:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
485:
478:
476:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
447:
440:
435:
433:
431:
425:
421:
417:
414:
408:
406:
402:
401:South America
398:
397:summer months
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
365:
358:
356:
354:
349:
347:
343:
338:
331:
326:
324:
320:
318:
313:
307:
305:
300:
295:
292:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
262:
260:
258:
253:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
210:
203:
201:
200:in the area.
199:
195:
194:domino effect
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:country music
171:
165:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
140:
133:
131:
129:
125:
121:
120:New Brunswick
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
99:horticultural
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
58:
48:
44:
39:
35:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2569:
2556:
2546:Ride Norfolk
2170:
2151:Gopher Dunes
2141:Fort Norfolk
2094:
2086:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2016:
2008:
1888:. Retrieved
1876:
1872:
1859:
1848:. Retrieved
1844:the original
1820:
1809:. Retrieved
1795:
1784:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1748:
1737:. Retrieved
1723:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1682:. Retrieved
1678:the original
1668:
1657:. Retrieved
1643:
1634:
1623:. Retrieved
1597:. Retrieved
1573:. Retrieved
1549:. Retrieved
1535:
1524:. Retrieved
1518:. CBC News.
1496:. Retrieved
1482:
1471:. Retrieved
1457:
1445:. Retrieved
1431:
1420:. Retrieved
1406:
1390:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1364:
1355:
1344:. Retrieved
1330:
1319:. Retrieved
1305:
1294:. Retrieved
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1237:the original
1224:
1213:. Retrieved
1199:
1188:. Retrieved
1174:
1159:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1085:
1074:. Retrieved
1060:
1044:
1039:
1020:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:the original
995:
979:
974:
963:. Retrieved
949:
938:. Retrieved
927:
920:
909:. Retrieved
905:the original
898:
891:
880:. Retrieved
876:the original
866:
855:. Retrieved
851:the original
841:
830:. Retrieved
798:. Retrieved
769:. Retrieved
765:the original
741:. Retrieved
737:the original
714:
709:
693:
688:
677:. Retrieved
673:the original
649:. Retrieved
645:the original
605:. Retrieved
601:the original
547:solar energy
535:fossil fuels
532:
523:transformers
520:
508:
504:power plants
493:
482:
448:
444:
426:
422:
418:
409:
370:
366:
362:
350:
339:
335:
321:
308:
296:
277:
266:
254:
247:
215:
190:
169:
166:
155:
145:
96:
80:Elgin County
78:and eastern
67:
65:
52:
43:You can help
33:
2591: /
2408:Port Ryerse
2290:Clear Creek
2278:Communities
2116:Backus Mill
715:Chinook, 1,
551:Middle East
539:wind energy
533:The use of
496:wind energy
470:farms, and
428:levels for
227:smoking ban
172:by classic
170:Tillsonburg
122:, and near
116:Nova Scotia
108:Tillsonburg
97:High-value
2606:Categories
2579:80°26′02″W
2576:42°47′18″N
2500:Lynn River
2490:Kent Creek
2485:Deer Creek
2435:Springvale
2403:Port Rowan
2376:Port Dover
2371:Pine Grove
2339:Long Point
2317:Glen Meyer
2238:Highway 59
2233:Highway 51
2228:Highway 24
2223:Highway 19
1850:2010-11-17
1811:2011-11-12
1786:2011-11-12
1739:2011-11-12
1684:2010-04-11
1659:2013-05-15
1625:2010-04-11
1599:2008-11-02
1575:2008-11-02
1551:2014-07-29
1526:2008-08-27
1498:2015-09-21
1473:2015-09-21
1422:2012-11-07
1346:2012-06-18
1321:2012-06-18
1296:2012-06-18
1271:2011-10-27
1246:2013-06-07
1215:2012-07-15
1190:2008-11-17
1101:2012-07-02
1076:2012-07-02
1011:2012-11-28
965:2012-12-14
940:2013-06-20
911:2012-01-23
882:2012-11-07
857:2011-11-07
832:2009-05-31
800:2008-08-27
771:2008-11-02
743:2008-11-16
679:2012-07-25
651:2008-11-21
607:2010-11-22
581:References
500:bald eagle
489:Port Dover
389:January 25
346:coniferous
176:performer
162:coniferous
2495:Lake Erie
2480:Big Creek
2452:Waterford
2322:Hillcrest
2295:Courtland
2218:Highway 3
1762:at Numbeo
1151:1520-0493
430:Lake Erie
186:Woodstock
92:Lake Erie
55:July 2013
47:talk page
2413:Ranelagh
2396:Timeline
2344:Lynedoch
2312:Frogmore
2090:(weekly)
2003:Defunct
1988:Current
1881:Archived
1805:Archived
1756:Archived
1733:Archived
1653:Archived
1545:Archived
1520:Archived
1492:Archived
1467:Archived
1447:4 August
1441:Archived
1416:Archived
1395:Archived
1375:23 March
1369:Archived
1340:Archived
1315:Archived
1290:Archived
1209:Archived
1184:Archived
1095:Archived
1070:Archived
1049:Archived
1031:Archived
984:Archived
959:Archived
934:Archived
826:Archived
794:Archived
698:Archived
545:and all
472:apiaries
460:wineries
451:European
332:Historic
284:Jamaican
124:Joliette
2559:(novel)
2557:Trapped
2366:Old Cut
2327:Langton
2285:Blayney
2098:(daily)
2081:CKNC-FM
2076:CHCD-FM
2017:Norfolk
1940:Ontario
1129:Bibcode
553:and to
468:poultry
466:farms,
383:and on
327:Climate
288:Mexican
239:Rothman
231:farmers
134:History
72:tobacco
70:is the
2418:Simcoe
1890:2 July
1149:
525:, and
464:peanut
359:Modern
128:Quebec
104:Aylmer
88:Canada
45:. The
2440:Walsh
2354:Nixon
2300:Delhi
1884:(PDF)
1869:(PDF)
1620:(PDF)
1240:(PDF)
1233:(PDF)
353:Delhi
273:green
250:taxes
1971:2010
1966:2006
1961:2003
1956:2000
1892:2008
1449:2012
1377:2012
1147:ISSN
403:and
391:and
286:and
263:Jobs
237:and
106:and
66:The
1711:doi
1137:doi
1125:108
511:CAD
241:'s
82:in
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1937:,
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