108:
332:
497:
2385:
2395:
2421:
316:, which Monnet passed off as the work of an Italian composer living in Vienna who was fluent in French, thus fooling the partisans of Italian music into giving it a warm welcome. Dauvergne's opera, with a simple plot, everyday characters, and Italianate melodies, had a huge influence on subsequent
611:). Orchestration and harmony are more complex than in the music of the previous generation; attempts are made to reduce the amount of spoken dialogue, and unity is provided by techniques such as the "reminiscence motif" (recurring musical themes representing a character or idea).
397:
in 1757 with a libretto by
Anseaume. Its success encouraged the composer to move to Paris permanently and he wrote 20 or so more works for the French stage. Monsigny collaborated with Sedaine in works which mixed comedy with a serious social and political element.
238:. In 1715 the two fair theatres were brought under the aegis of an institution called the Théâtre de l'Opéra-Comique. In spite of fierce opposition from rival theatres the venture flourished and leading playwrights of the time, including
512:
brought many changes to musical life in Paris. In 1793, the name of the Comédie-Italienne was changed to the Opéra-Comique, but it no longer had a monopoly on performing operas with spoken dialogue and faced serious rivalry from the
298:, in an attempt to introduce his ideas of musical simplicity and naturalness to France. Its success attracted the attention of the Foire theatres. The next year, the head of the Saint Laurent theatre,
230:
began in the early eighteenth century in the theatres of the two annual Paris fairs, the Foire Saint
Germain and the Foire Saint Laurent. Here plays began to include musical numbers called
107:
234:, which were existing popular tunes refitted with new words. The plays were humorous and often contained satirical attacks on the official theatres such as the
132:". The genre originated in the early 18th century with humorous and satirical plays performed at the theatres of the Paris fairs which contained songs (
439:. Grétry successfully blended Italian tunefulness with a careful setting of the French language. He was a versatile composer who expanded the range of
142:
or similar was often applied to these early-stage works. In the middle of the 18th century, composers began to write original music to replace the
1535:
206:
1013:
292:, which had recently been performed in Paris by a traveling Italian troupe. In 1752, Rousseau produced a short opera influenced by Pergolesi,
982:
956:
384:
393:
1114:
162:
614:
In 1801 the Opéra-Comique and the
Feydeau merged for financial reasons. The changing political climate – more stable under the rule of
934:
65:
197:
476:
Between 1724 and 1762 the Opéra-Comique theatre was located at the Foire Saint
Germain. In 1762 the company was merged with the
2353:
481:
31:
642:, 1810) were a great success. Parisian audiences of the time also loved Italian opera, visiting the Théâtre Italien to see
1930:
1749:
1603:
598:
465:
2411:
414:(1769), concerns the story of a soldier who has been condemned to death for deserting the army. Philidor's most famous
1528:
283:
147:
2441:
2451:
1006:
2184:
1100:
698:
554:
380:
324:, however, was that it contained no spoken dialogue. In this, Dauvergne was following the example of Pergolesi's
70:
1683:
1357:
408:
themes such as the virtues of the common people and the need for liberty and equality. Their biggest success,
1965:
1832:
1817:
742:
603:
581:
410:
235:
331:
320:, setting a fashion for composing new music, rather than recycling old tunes. Where it differed from later
2333:
1734:
1521:
1466:
1081:
922:
299:
270:
359:. Their librettists were often playwrights, skilled at keeping up with the latest trends in the theatre.
2446:
2039:
1668:
1406:
1393:
999:
750:
746:
265:
256:
201:
2082:
2002:
1955:
1067:
514:
2318:
2014:
1822:
1812:
1724:
1673:
1424:
1022:
638:
587:
558:
477:
451:
420:
405:
400:
368:
275:
239:
74:
166:, but the range of subject matter it covered expanded beyond the merely comic. By the 19th century,
1678:
683:
672:
628:
542:
428:'s 1749 novel of the same name. It is notable for its realistic characters and its many ensembles.
364:
294:
210:
article on the subject, composers and librettists frequently rejected the use of the umbrella term
2394:
530:
260:(1752–54), a quarrel between advocates of French and Italian music, was a major turning-point for
2294:
2253:
1997:
1992:
1827:
1754:
755:
563:
77:), which combined existing popular tunes with spoken sections. Associated with the Paris theatre
1310:
1107:
1074:
436:
2201:
2089:
1945:
1940:
1149:
1128:
978:
952:
930:
538:
509:
458:
445:
303:
134:
2273:
2268:
2119:
2077:
1950:
1739:
1381:
1364:
1317:
1296:
1197:
1160:
1142:
534:
288:
171:
152:
78:
496:
2388:
2323:
2221:
2109:
2029:
1975:
1776:
1729:
1568:
1324:
1169:
1053:
711:
662:
633:
546:
484:. In 1783 a new, larger home was created for it at the Théâtre Italien (later renamed the
47:
2114:
1289:
1275:
1190:
525:
generally became more dramatic and less comic and began to show the influence of musical
278:, in favor of what they saw as the simplicity and "naturalness" of Italian comic opera (
2360:
2245:
2211:
2174:
2034:
2024:
1848:
1790:
1766:
1704:
1563:
1183:
1135:
1034:
678:
550:
425:
360:
179:
2435:
2398:
2370:
2365:
2313:
2308:
2283:
2019:
1761:
1709:
1699:
1573:
1501:
1237:
1121:
1094:
945:
656:, whose fame was sweeping across Europe. Rossini's influence began to pervade French
312:
187:
2425:
2338:
2258:
2226:
2206:
2196:
2179:
2164:
2159:
2067:
1985:
1935:
1714:
1598:
1578:
1375:
1060:
1046:
966:
940:
693:
667:
485:
243:
56:
1218:
971:
601:, and a willingness to take on previously taboo subjects (e.g. incest in Méhul's
2343:
2328:
2299:
2231:
2191:
2169:
2124:
2099:
2094:
2044:
2009:
1771:
1719:
1653:
1387:
1370:
1343:
1331:
1282:
1268:
1230:
1204:
644:
575:
526:
376:
279:
129:
17:
2303:
2104:
2049:
1970:
1960:
1863:
1853:
1744:
1633:
1623:
1618:
1487:
1411:
1254:
1243:
1224:
1040:
593:
175:
597:, 1793) in particular show the influence of serious French opera, especially
529:. The chief composers at the Opéra-Comique during the Revolutionary era were
469:(1784), which achieved international popularity, reaching London in 1786 and
2348:
1980:
1643:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1400:
1350:
1248:
649:
623:
1888:
264:. Members of the pro-Italian faction, such as the philosopher and musician
2263:
2134:
1908:
1588:
1558:
1494:
1480:
1417:
1337:
1261:
1211:
1155:
1088:
615:
569:
170:
often meant little more than works with spoken dialogue performed at the
146:, under the influence of the lighter types of Italian opera (especially
2288:
2072:
1473:
653:
96:
2420:
618:– was reflected in musical fashion as comedy began to creep back into
2216:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1878:
1873:
1628:
1593:
1544:
470:
463:(also 1778). His most famous work was the historical "rescue opera",
371:
were among the most famous of these dramatists. Notable composers of
192:
113:
87:
2278:
2139:
1608:
1583:
1176:
688:
388:
330:
106:
443:
to cover a wide variety of subjects from the
Oriental fairy tale
1613:
60:
1517:
995:
991:
1638:
138:), with new words set to already existing music. The phrase
128:
is complex in meaning and cannot simply be translated as "
1513:
660:. Its presence is felt in Boieldieu's greatest success,
738:
736:
734:
732:
387:. Duni, an Italian working at the francophile court of
2409:
500:
Title page of the first edition of the full score of
268:, attacked serious French opera, represented by the
2244:
2152:
2058:
1923:
1841:
1805:
1798:
1789:
1692:
1661:
1652:
1551:
969:; Temperley, Nicholas (2002). Alison Latham (ed.).
970:
944:
85:is not necessarily comical or shallow in nature;
768:
343:The short, catchy melodies which replaced the
1529:
1007:
840:Holden, article on Philidor, pp. 775–777
8:
456:
431:The most important and popular composer of
1802:
1795:
1658:
1536:
1522:
1514:
1014:
1000:
992:
607:, 1794; infanticide in Cherubini's famous
335:André Grétry, the most famous composer of
306:to produce a French opera in the style of
71:Fair Theatres of St Germain and St Laurent
495:
182:. Thus, probably the most famous of all
2416:
947:The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
759:. Oxford Music Online. 19 November 2009
728:
906:
894:
882:
861:
849:
810:
780:
355:in the late 18th century were styled
246:, contributed works in the new form.
46:
7:
648:and works in the newly fashionable
517:, which also produced works in the
831:Holden, article on Monsigny p. 674
561:. The works of Méhul (for example
174:theatre, as opposed to works with
59:that contains spoken dialogue and
25:
666:(1825) as well as later works by
455:(1778) and the domestic farce of
394:Le peintre amoureux de son modèle
214:in favor of more precise labels.
2419:
2393:
2384:
2383:
545:. Those at the Feydeau included
449:(1772) to the musical satire of
822:Holden, article on Duni, p. 294
622:. The lighter new offerings of
492:Revolution and the 19th century
385:François-André Danican Philidor
375:in the 1750s and 1760s include
66:opéras comiques en vaudevilles
63:. It emerged from the popular
1:
973:The Oxford Companion to Music
435:in the late 18th century was
196:, is on a tragic subject. As
929:, New York: Penguin Putnam.
864:, pp. 91–94 and 114–18.
769:Warrack & Temperley 2002
339:before the French Revolution
302:, commissioned the composer
140:opéra comique en vaudevilles
73:(and to a lesser extent the
977:. Oxford University Press.
951:. Oxford University Press.
927:The New Penguin Opera Guide
652:style, especially those by
148:Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
117:, probably the most famous
2468:
357:comédies mêlées d'ariettes
91:, perhaps the most famous
29:
2379:
1029:
873:Holden article on Grétry.
699:Le postillon de Lonjumeau
381:Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny
1115:Comédie mêlée d'ariettes
163:comédie mêlée d'ariettes
1833:Theatre of ancient Rome
743:M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet
1101:Comédie en vaudevilles
591:, 1800) and Le Sueur (
555:Jean-François Le Sueur
505:
457:
340:
178:which appeared at the
121:
2040:Theatre of the Absurd
1407:Science fiction opera
1394:Schauspiel mit Gesang
747:Richard Langham Smith
499:
466:Richard Coeur-de-lion
334:
266:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
257:Querelle des Bouffons
202:Richard Langham Smith
110:
27:Genre of French opera
2015:Shakespearean comedy
1813:Ancient Greek comedy
771:, pp. 862, 889.
604:Mélidore et Phrosine
573:, 1799), Cherubini (
452:Le jugement de Midas
401:Le roi et le fermier
369:Charles Simon Favart
276:Jean-Philippe Rameau
271:tragédies en musique
48:[ɔpeʁakɔmik]
30:For other uses, see
1467:Tragédie en musique
1161:Fairy-tale opera /
1082:Bühnenweihfestspiel
885:, pp. 91, 114.
629:Le calife de Bagdad
543:Henri-Montan Berton
365:Michel-Jean Sedaine
295:Le Devin du village
176:recitative delivery
160:was often known as
2003:Comédie larmoyante
1998:Sentimental comedy
1993:Restoration comedy
1956:Commedia dell'arte
1828:Corral de comedias
1358:Pastorale héroïque
909:, pp. 135–37.
756:Grove Music Online
506:
504:by Cherubini, 1797
482:Hôtel de Bourgogne
341:
282:), exemplified by
122:
2452:Opera terminology
2407:
2406:
2185:Musical comedians
2148:
2147:
1946:Comedy of manners
1941:Comedy of humours
1931:Boulevard theatre
1919:
1918:
1823:Comédie-Italienne
1818:Comédie-Française
1785:
1784:
1511:
1510:
1150:Dramma per musica
1129:Dramma eroicomico
984:978-0-19-866212-9
958:978-0-19-816282-7
852:, pp. 94–95.
813:, pp. 93–94.
783:, pp. 91–94.
588:Les Deux journées
559:François Devienne
539:Rodolphe Kreutzer
510:French Revolution
480:and moved to the
478:Comédie-Italienne
424:(1765), based on
310:. The result was
304:Antoine Dauvergne
250:Late 18th century
240:Alain-René Lesage
236:Comédie-Française
198:Elizabeth Bartlet
75:Comédie-Italienne
16:(Redirected from
2459:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2334:Self-referential
1951:Comedy of menace
1803:
1796:
1659:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1382:Romantische Oper
1365:Posse mit Gesang
1143:Dramma pastorale
1016:
1009:
1002:
993:
988:
976:
962:
950:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
838:
832:
829:
823:
820:
814:
808:
802:
799:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
740:
684:Ferdinand Hérold
535:Nicolas Dalayrac
462:
404:(1762) contains
326:La serva padrona
308:La serva padrona
289:La serva padrona
156:). This form of
153:La serva padrona
79:of the same name
55:) is a genre of
50:
45:
21:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2442:Opéras comiques
2432:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2375:
2240:
2222:Animated sitcom
2144:
2110:Musical theatre
2060:
2054:
2030:Stand-up comedy
1976:One-person show
1966:Improvisational
1915:
1837:
1781:
1735:Science fiction
1688:
1648:
1569:Comedy festival
1547:
1542:
1512:
1507:
1325:Opera semiseria
1170:Fait historique
1108:Comédie lyrique
1075:Bühnenfestspiel
1068:Ballet héroïque
1054:Azione teatrale
1025:
1020:
985:
965:
959:
939:
914:
913:
905:
901:
893:
889:
881:
877:
872:
868:
860:
856:
848:
844:
839:
835:
830:
826:
821:
817:
809:
805:
800:
787:
779:
775:
767:
763:
751:"Opéra comique"
741:
730:
720:
712:Musical theatre
708:
663:La dame blanche
547:Luigi Cherubini
515:Théâtre Feydeau
494:
373:opéras comiques
353:opéras comiques
322:opéras comiques
252:
225:
220:
184:opéras comiques
105:
103:Use of the term
53:opéras comiques
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Opéras comiques
15:
12:
11:
5:
2465:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2391:
2380:
2377:
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2368:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2341:
2336:
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2316:
2311:
2306:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2214:
2209:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2090:Comédie-ballet
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2035:Street theatre
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
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1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1883:
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1876:
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1866:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
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1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
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1800:
1793:
1787:
1786:
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1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
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1757:
1752:
1742:
1737:
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1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:
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1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1564:Comedic device
1561:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1184:Festa teatrale
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1136:Dramma giocoso
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1035:Acte de ballet
1030:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1004:
996:
990:
989:
983:
963:
957:
943:, ed. (1994).
937:
925:(Ed.) (2001),
923:Holden, Amanda
912:
911:
899:
897:, p. 127.
887:
875:
866:
854:
842:
833:
824:
815:
803:
785:
773:
761:
727:
726:
719:
716:
715:
714:
707:
704:
679:Le domino noir
551:Pierre Gaveaux
493:
490:
459:L'amant jaloux
446:Zémire et Azor
426:Henry Fielding
361:Louis Anseaume
347:were known as
251:
248:
224:
221:
219:
216:
204:note in their
104:
101:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2464:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Ventriloquism
2364:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:Observational
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
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2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2138:
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2133:
2131:
2130:Opéra comique
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Opéra bouffon
2118:
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2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
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2079:
2078:Café-chantant
2076:
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2028:
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2020:Sketch comedy
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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1607:
1605:
1604:Impressionist
1602:
1600:
1597:
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1587:
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1582:
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1577:
1575:
1574:Comedy troupe
1572:
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1539:
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1502:Zwischenspiel
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1322:
1320:
1319:
1318:Opéra lyrique
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1304:Opéra comique
1301:
1299:
1298:
1297:Opéra bouffon
1294:
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1287:
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1280:
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1259:
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1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1238:Literaturoper
1235:
1233:
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1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
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1202:
1200:
1199:
1198:Género grande
1195:
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1138:
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1126:
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1122:Drame lyrique
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1095:Chamber opera
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
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1076:
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1069:
1065:
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967:Warrack, John
964:
960:
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949:
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941:Parker, Roger
938:
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935:0-14-029312-4
932:
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695:
692:, 1831), and
691:
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685:
681:
680:
675:
674:
669:
665:
664:
659:
658:opéra comique
655:
651:
647:
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641:
640:
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631:
630:
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621:
620:opéra-comique
617:
612:
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589:
584:
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566:
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560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:Étienne Méhul
528:
524:
523:Opéra comique
520:
519:opéra comique
516:
511:
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498:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
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468:
467:
461:
460:
454:
453:
448:
447:
442:
441:opéra comique
438:
434:
433:opéra comique
429:
427:
423:
422:
417:
416:opéra comique
413:
412:
407:
406:Enlightenment
403:
402:
396:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
338:
337:opéra comique
333:
329:
327:
323:
319:
318:opéra comique
315:
314:
313:Les troqueurs
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:
291:
290:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
267:
263:
262:opéra comique
259:
258:
249:
247:
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241:
237:
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229:
228:Opéra comique
222:
217:
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213:
212:opéra comique
209:
208:
203:
199:
195:
194:
189:
188:Georges Bizet
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:Opéra-Comique
169:
168:opéra comique
165:
164:
159:
158:opéra comique
155:
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137:
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131:
127:
126:opéra comique
120:
119:opéra comique
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109:
102:
100:
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93:opéra comique
90:
89:
84:
83:opéra comique
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
54:
49:
41:
40:
39:Opéra comique
33:
32:Opera comique
19:
2447:Opera genres
2227:Black sitcom
2207:Mockumentary
2129:
2115:Opéra bouffe
2083:Café-théâtre
2068:Ballad opera
1986:Harlequinade
1936:Comedy-drama
1715:Mockumentary
1599:Impersonator
1579:Comic timing
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1399:
1392:
1380:
1376:Rescue opera
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1311:Opéra féerie
1309:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1290:Opéra bouffe
1288:
1281:
1276:Opéra-ballet
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1236:
1229:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1191:Género chico
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1061:Ballad opera
1059:
1052:
1047:Azione sacra
1045:
1033:
1023:Opera genres
972:
946:
926:
916:
915:
902:
890:
878:
869:
857:
845:
836:
827:
818:
806:
776:
764:
754:
722:
721:
697:
694:Adolphe Adam
687:
677:
671:
661:
657:
643:
637:
632:, 1800) and
627:
619:
613:
608:
602:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
522:
518:
507:
501:
486:Salle Favart
475:
464:
450:
444:
440:
437:André Grétry
432:
430:
419:
415:
411:Le déserteur
409:
399:
392:
372:
356:
352:
348:
344:
342:
336:
325:
321:
317:
311:
307:
293:
287:
269:
261:
255:
253:
244:Alexis Piron
231:
227:
226:
211:
205:
191:
183:
167:
161:
157:
151:
143:
139:
133:
125:
123:
118:
112:
92:
86:
82:
64:
57:French opera
52:
38:
37:
36:
2295:Documentary
2291:(dry humor)
2254:Alternative
2232:Teen sitcom
2125:Opera buffa
2100:Light music
2095:Comedy club
2045:Tragicomedy
2010:Shadow play
1388:Savoy opera
1371:Radio opera
1332:Opera seria
1283:Opera buffa
1269:Opera ballo
1231:Liederspiel
1205:Grand opera
1163:Märchenoper
907:Parker 1994
895:Parker 1994
883:Parker 1994
862:Parker 1994
850:Parker 1994
811:Parker 1994
781:Parker 1994
673:Fra Diavolo
645:opera buffa
527:Romanticism
391:, composed
377:Egidio Duni
345:vaudevilles
300:Jean Monnet
280:opera buffa
232:vaudevilles
180:Paris Opéra
144:vaudevilles
135:vaudevilles
130:comic opera
111:Poster for
2436:Categories
2202:Television
2105:Music hall
2050:Vaudeville
1971:Macchietta
1961:Double act
1870:Indonesia
1864:Mo lei tau
1860:Hong Kong
1854:Xiangsheng
1725:Remarriage
1634:Visual gag
1624:Punch line
1619:Prank call
1488:Zauberoper
1412:Semi-opera
1255:Musikdrama
1244:Melodramma
1225:Intermezzo
1041:Afterpiece
718:References
639:Cendrillon
594:La caverne
564:Stratonice
223:Beginnings
51:; plural:
2349:Slapstick
2274:Christian
2269:Character
2246:Subgenres
2061:and dance
1981:Pantomime
1767:Slapstick
1740:Screwball
1644:Word play
1460:Tonadilla
1453:Syngespil
1446:Spieloper
1439:Songspiel
1432:Singspiel
1401:Schuloper
1351:Pasticcio
1249:Monodrama
1219:Intermède
702:, 1836).
682:, 1837),
650:bel canto
626:(such as
624:Boieldieu
473:in 1797.
421:Tom Jones
351:and many
284:Pergolesi
124:The term
2389:Category
2324:Physical
2135:Operetta
1909:Sarugaku
1777:Thriller
1669:American
1589:Humorist
1559:Comedian
1495:Zeitoper
1481:Zarzuela
1425:Serenata
1418:Sepolcro
1344:Opérette
1338:Operetta
1212:Handlung
1156:Duodrama
1089:Burletta
706:See also
676:, 1830;
616:Napoleon
585:, 1797;
579:, 1791;
576:Lodoïska
570:Ariodant
567:, 1792;
349:ariettes
2361:Surreal
2289:Deadpan
2175:Hip hop
2073:Cabaret
1799:Country
1791:Theatre
1755:Mexican
1750:Italian
1730:Romance
1705:Fantasy
1684:Italian
1674:British
1662:Country
1474:Verismo
917:Sources
654:Rossini
634:Isouard
521:style.
218:History
97:tragedy
95:, is a
69:of the
44:French:
2412:Portal
2399:Portal
2371:Zombie
2354:Topics
2314:Insult
2309:Horror
2284:Cringe
2217:Sitcom
2180:Parody
1904:Rakugo
1899:Owarai
1894:Manzai
1889:Kyōgen
1885:Japan
1879:Ludruk
1874:Lenong
1806:Europe
1772:Stoner
1762:Silent
1720:Parody
1710:Horror
1700:Action
1679:French
1629:Satire
1594:Humour
1552:Topics
1545:Comedy
981:
955:
933:
471:Boston
193:Carmen
114:Carmen
88:Carmen
2426:Opera
2339:Shock
2279:Clown
2259:Black
2212:Roast
2197:Radio
2192:Novel
2165:Album
2160:Music
2153:Media
2140:Revue
2059:Music
1924:Genre
1849:China
1693:Genre
1609:Irony
1584:Farce
1262:Opéra
1177:Farsa
801:Grove
723:Notes
689:Zampa
668:Auber
609:Médée
599:Gluck
582:Médée
502:Médée
389:Parma
207:Grove
61:arias
2344:Sick
2329:Prop
2300:High
2264:Blue
2170:Rock
2025:Spex
1842:Asia
1654:Film
1614:Joke
979:ISBN
953:ISBN
931:ISBN
745:and
557:and
541:and
508:The
418:was
383:and
367:and
254:The
242:and
200:and
2304:low
1745:Sex
1639:Wit
488:).
286:'s
274:of
190:'s
150:'s
2438::
2302:/
788:^
753:,
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696:(
686:(
670:(
636:(
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20:)
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