1847:
response is sent stating the request is either unclear, unspecific, too vague or some other legalese, anything in order to keep the information away from the public. When the 60 days are up, if the anticipated result usually yield nothing significant, the applicant must petition the
District Court to compel disclosure, a procedure that requires attorneys to draft pleadings and a payment of (approximately) $ 420 court fee. A judgement in such FOIL appeals in Israel can take many months, and again the agency can easily avoid disclosure by simply not complying, although risking being charged with contempt of court. While there are some successes in courts compelling Israeli government agencies to disclose information, they are usually in non-controversial areas. The law provides for the expected "security" exemption and an applicant applying for such information can expect not to benefit from FOIL (and also have his or her court appeal rejected). Applicants can sometimes be helped by
259:, the constitution of 1998 guarantees the right of access to information; the legislation for supporting this is Law no. 119/2014 "On the right to information" (Ligji nr. 119/2014 "Për të drejtën e informimit"). The law regulates the right of access to information being produced or held by public sector. The rules contained in this law are designated to ensure the public access to information, in the framework of assuming the rights and freedoms of the individual in practice, as well as establishing views on the state and society situation. This law aims also at encouraging integrity, transparency and accountability of the public sector bodies. Every person shall, where deemed that the rights provided for in this law have been violated, be entitled to file a complaint administratively to the Information and Data Protection Commissioner's Office.
2272:, the first Transparency law was enacted (Law No. 5189/14) requiring all public offices to disclose information regarding the use of public funds to pay salaries. In addition, The Freedom of Information and Government Transparency Law (Law 5282/2014) was enacted in 2014 and a final regulation of 2015 (Executive Decree 4064/15) set the final step in the road to Transparency. These rules expressly recognize that the right to access public information is a human right, which improves the State, promotes citizen participation and public accountability, and serves as a tool to combat corruption. Currently, all requests to access public information can be done online through a single portal, and government offices are obliged to respond within 15 days.
1783:
the
Information Commissioners are appointed to head the information commission. It is alleged by RTI Activists that bureaucrats working in close proximity with the government are appointed in the RTI Commissions in a non-transparent manner. The PIO, being an officer of the relevant Government institution, may have a vested interest in not disclosing damaging information on activities of his/her Institution, This therefore creates a conflict of interest. In the state of Maharashtra it was estimated that only 30% of the requests are actually realised under the Maharashtra Right to Information act. The law does not allow disclosure of information that affects national security, defence, and other matters that are deemed of national interest.
2444:
Seychelles. This Act gives the public with the constitutional right of access to information held by public authorities performing a governmental function. The Act will is administered and applied by an independent
Information Commission, the setting of which has been cleared with the enactment of the Law. The commission is appointed by the President in consultation with the Speaker of the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Constitutional Appointments Authority (CAA).The Information Commission strives to promote awareness, educate and popularise the right to access to information and fosters good governance by enhancing transparency, accountability and integrity in the Public Service and Administration.
1328:
authority is liable to assist the person with its document registers and indices in this task. After receiving the request, the authority has two weeks to give the document. If the decision is negative, and document is withheld, the requester may appeal to the administrative court. The document may be given orally, for reading and copying in the authority's premises or as an electronic or paper copy, as requested by the person. However, the copying may be declined if it would be unfeasible because of the large number of documents or otherwise technically difficult. There are also a number of limitations on the release of electronic documents designed for the protection of the individual privacy.
3034:
2253:
the Amparo on the grounds that information of that type was considered sensitive by the Data
Protection and Privacy Act (Law 1682/02 and 1969/02). The latter rulings were challenged on constitutional grounds and the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Vargas Tellez holding that while this information relating to the identity and wages of public employees and officers constitutes personal propriety data, it is nonetheless registered in a “public source of information”, which makes it available to any citizen who requests it. The right to access to these informations is recognised under the Constitution and international instruments such as the
1742:
Right to
Information as the Fundamental Right as embodied in Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression and also in Right to Life. RTI Act laid down a procedure to guarantee this right. Under this law all Government Bodies or Government funded agencies have to designate a Public Information Officer (PIO). The PIO's responsibility is to ensure that information requested is disclosed to the petitioner within 30 days or within 48 hours in case of information concerning the life or liberty of a person. The law was inspired by previous legislation from select states (among them
2730:(ATI) was approved in 2005 but its regulations were not passed until 2011. The laws states that citizen and especially journalists can demand accountability from a government official. The Hub for Investigative Media (HIM) in Uganda offers training programs that teaches East-African journalists in matters of fact-checking and digital security. HIM also has made government officials are of the ATI law and its provision. They have also conducted a nationwide campaign to train journalists on the knowledge and application of the ATI laws as right holders.
525:, the Article 5, XXXIII, of the Constitution sets that "everyone shall have the right to receive information of his own interest or of public interest from public entities, which shall be given within the time prescribed by law". Also, article 22 of the Federal law nº 8.159/1991 grants the right to "full access to public documents". A statute passed in 2011 and that will enter into force in 2012 (Federal Law 12.527/2011, promulgated on 28 November 2011) regulates the manner and the timetable for the information to be given by the State.
1838:, the Freedom of Information Law, 5758–1998, supported by the Freedom of Information Regulations, 5759–1999, controls freedom of information. It defines the bodies subject to the legislation by a set of listed categories – essentially, most public bodies – and provides for the government to publish a list of all affected bodies. However, this list does not seem to have been made publicly available, if indeed it was ever compiled. Many public bodies are not obliged to follow the law, which limits the potential for use by the public.
1807:, the Freedom of Information Act 1997 came into effect in April 1998, one year after its enactment. It provided for members of the public to access information specifically about themselves, amend incorrect information, and request an explanation behind administrative decisions concerning themselves, as well as allowing any person to access records generated by a list of specified public bodies. The Act is seen as having led to a sea-change in the relationship between the citizen, journalists,
1634:
documents—Πρόσβαση σε έγγραφα) of the
Administrative Procedural Code (Κώδικας Διοικητικής Διαδικασίας), Law 2690/1999. Under this article, citizens have a right to know the content of administrative documents. Administrative documents are defined as those produced by public sector entities, such as reports, studies, minutes, statistical data, circulars, instructions, responses, consultatory responses, and decisions. In addition, citizens with a legitimate interest may also access
2828:. However, all of the states, as well as the District of Columbia and some territories, have enacted similar statutes to require disclosures by agencies of the state and of local governments, though some are significantly broader than others. Some state and local government agencies attempt to get around state open records laws by claiming copyright for their works and then demanding high fees to license the public information. Some states expand government transparency through
2515:
establishing cadre positions in government institutions to provide information to the general public. The Act is considered to hold many strengths and positive features that would effectively authorize citizens to be actively involved in the process of governance. Moreover, Article 14A(1) introduced by virtue of 19th
Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka has paved the way for the recognition of right to information as a fundamental right.
1045:
are not to be accessed as well as “other corresponding political activities,” so restriction is not concerning only Bills. In the future, it will not be possible to find the calendars of ministers being published. Nevertheless, the Act was created while keeping in mind the strengthening the project of the Open
Government; the list of institutions covered by the Act was extended as well as list of public-private institutions and companies.
3048:
2874:
1995:
1865:
779:
545:
35:
4703:. The law of 5 September 2005, with amendments as of 7 August 2013; English translation from the German provided by the Federal Ministry of the Interior. Available on the website of the German Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection, as part of the project "Gesetze im Internet" (laws on the Internet), in cooperation with juris GMBH, a legal information service. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
192:
1040:
Government and legislative proceedings; Denmark received one point less in the category of
Political Environment when compared with the Freedom of the Press report of 2015. The new legislation caused demonstrations and protests. It can be regarded as a response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. After the Public Records Act of 2013 came into effect, public access to information regarding the
2245:
effective”. In practice, this last provision delayed the recognition of the right due to the absence of a law making it “effective”. Congress, government agencies and Courts were reluctant to enforce the right to access public sources of information until 2013. A Supreme Court judgment (No. 1306 of 15 October 2013), marked the beginning of what has been called a “Transparency Spring”.
2551:. Each request to take part of official documents is handled individually and classifying documents or information as secret is subject to appeal. The constitution also grants the right for government employees to pass on information without risk of criminal charges or repercussions and the right to attend court proceedings and meetings of legislative assemblies like the
1221:). "Document" is defined broadly and it is assumed that all documents, even if classified, may be subject to right of access unless it falls under one of the exceptions. If access is refused, the applicant is allowed a confirmatory request. A complaint against a refusal can be made with the European Ombudsman and/or an appeal can be brought before the European
1896:
situations." The courts have ruled that this includes the right of environmental groups and local councilors to demand information on behalf of those they represent. It was amended in 2005. The revision appears to adopt the court rulings and relax the interest somewhat to allow access when an individual can show they represent a more general public interest.
5900:
1902:
rights. In some cases, these limits are absolutes and in other cases they are subject to discretion (art. 5-bis d.l. 33/2013). This legal reform of the transparence decree, implemented with the d.lgs. n. 97/2016, is also known among jurists as FOIA (Freedom of
Information Act) and it has added a different and third type of right of access.
2158:) related to an administrative matter if it is contained in documents held by public authorities or companies carrying out work for a public authority. The request can either be written or oral. The authority has two (on environmental issues) or four weeks to respond. The act also obliges the government to provide information
2232:. It gives the right to access to information the status of a fundamental constitutional right. Article 19A "Right to Information" reads: "Every citizen shall have the right to have access to information in all matters of public importance subject to regulation and reasonable restrictions imposed by law".
2252:
filed by a citizen called Jose Daniel Vargas Tellez, after the San Lorenzo Municipality denied him access to the information about the names, the job descriptions and the wages of all the employees that were working in that public office. The Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeals rejected
2205:
The current freedom of information legislation was enacted 19 May. 2006, and superseded the previous law of 1970 by 1 January 2009. Article 100 of the Constitution gives access to public documents. The basic principle of the law is everyone has the right to access to State and municipal documents and
2097:
The Law of the Republic of Moldova on Access to Information was approved by Parliament in May 2000 and went into force in August 2000. Under the law, citizens and residents of Moldova can demand information from state institutions, organisations financed by the public budget and individuals and legal
1947:
The Law on Freedom of Information was signed into law by the State President in November 1998 and has been amended a number of times recently. Any person can ask for information in "any technically feasible form" without having to show a reason. The request can be oral or written. Bodies must respond
1782:
However the RTI has certain weaknesses that hamper implementation. There have been questions on the lack of speedy appeal to non-compliance to requests. The lack of a central PIO makes it difficult to pin-point the correct PIO to approach for requests. There is also a criticism of the manner in which
1895:
Chapter V of Law No. 241 of 7 August 1990 provides for access to administrative documents. However, the right to access is limited. The law states that those requesting information must have a legal interest. The 1992 regulations require "a personal concrete interest to safeguard in legally relevant
1846:
fee. Thus an Israeli citizen in many cases cannot simply write a letter asking a question, and can be asked to file a FOIL application with a fee and wait the minimum statutory 30 days for a reply, which the agency can extend to 60 days. In many cases FOIL letters are simply ignored, or some laconic
1638:
documents stored by public services. The right cannot be exercised if the document concerns the private or family lives of others, or if the document's confidentiality is safeguarded by specific legal provisions. Furthermore, the public body can refuse access if the document refers to discussions in
1434:
information on civil defence or rescue preparations and on safety investigations, if the release would endanger rescue work, civil defence preparations, safety or security or their continued development, or would endanger getting information in future safety investigations, or would hurt the victims
1109:
of 2000 seeks to "ensure that the public and every person has the opportunity to access information intended for public use, based on the principles of a democratic and social rule of law and an open society, and to create opportunities for the public to monitor the performance of public duties". It
1008:
Reasons do not have to be given while making a request; however, the authorities can ask for additional information regarding document. The requests are supposed to be handled as soon as possible; if within period of 10 days response to an application was not provided, the authority has to inform on
999:
According to the Act of 1985, Section 4 Part 1 states that “any person may ask to see documents received or issued by an administrative authority.” Information concerning administrative matters of the public administration; electricity and heating utilities as well as private bodies receiving public
2224:
promulgated the Freedom of Information Ordinance 2002 in October 2002. The law allows any citizen access to public records held by a public body of the federal government including ministries, departments, boards, councils, courts and tribunals. It does not apply to government owned corporations or
1957:
submitted free of charge but processing of documents by public authorities may require the public to pay fees which never exceed Eur 40. When access to documents is refused, the FOIA in Malta provides for a complaint and appeal mechanism that can be ultimately resolved through the Courts of Appeal.
1327:
The Publicity Act establishes a process by which any person may access any record in possession of an authority. The person may ask the authority for the document in person or in writing. When making the request, the requester needs to specify the document so that it can be identified. However, the
986:
concerning public access to governmental records. The Act came into force in 1987 and repealed the Public Records Act of 1970. New version of the Act came into force on 1 January 2014. Denmark is considered to be a historic pioneer in the field of FOI along with Sweden, Finland and Norway. There is
882:
This article justifies the existence of a jurisdictional mechanism known a petition action. This action is regulated by the law 1755 of 2015 and is considered by the Colombian Judicial Doctrine as a fundamental human right. According to the law all petitions should be fully addressed in 15 business
2489:
guarantees "the right of access to any information held by the state; and any information that is held by another person and that is required for the exercise or protection of any rights." This right is implemented through the Promotion of Access to Information Act, which was enacted on 2 February
2470:
Slovenia passed the Access to Public Information Act in March 2003. The Act governs the procedure which ensures everyone free access to public information held by state bodies, local government bodies, public agencies, public funds and other entities of public law, public powers holders and public
2443:
The President of the Republic, Mr Danny Faure assented to the Access to Information Act in July 2018. The Access to Information Bill 2018 was published in the Official Gazette on 24 March 2017. The Right of Access to Information is guaranteed under Article 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of
1825:
The Freedom of Information Act 2014 repealed the 1997 and 2003 Acts, removing most of the restrictions introduced in 2003 and widening the range of bodies covered to all public bodies, unless specifically exempt. It also allowed for the government to prescribe (or designate) other bodies receiving
1373:
documents containing information on individual's political opinions, hobbies, personal habits, membership and activities in associations, family life or opinions uttered within private life. However, information on having held positions of responsibility held or having been a candidate for them is
1044:
instead of falling under the Public Records Act is now managed by the Act on the Security and Intelligence Service as well as the Act on the Defense Intelligence Service. In addition, the access to legislative process was further restricted. According to the new Act documents in the drafting stage
1039:
The exemption regarding EU documents was taken out of the Act in 1991. Amendments were also made in 2000; they concerned data on the employees of the Government. In January 2014 new Public Records Act was enforced. The new act was highly debated since it was considered to limit transparency in the
1017:
Access to information is limited by “the obligation to maintain secrecy.” Considerations of State security, defence, foreign policy, external economic interests as well as public financial interests can limit the granting of access to the information. Registers and records processed electronically
939:
The right of access to information in Cyprus is guaranteed in constitutional provisions on freedom of expression. The No. 184(I)/2017 law on access to information in the southern part of the Republic of Cyprus of the country has been published on 22 December 2017. A law that falls below Council of
1901:
Since 2016, everyone has a right to obtain access to documents, information and data that public entities hold (Article 5, Comma 2, d.l. 33/2013). No particular interest is required in this case, but the law states specific limits for this right, mainly to balance it with other public and private
1403:
documents, records and data used as a basis for or concerning an academic thesis, scientific or scholarly research or product development, unless it is obviously clear that the research, development or study, their proper evaluation, the student or the researcher or the funder of the work are not
2752:
The Art. 5 of The Law on Information of 1992 (revised in 2011) provides the term «right for information» which includes the possibility of free collection, usage, distribution, storage and protection of information necessary for the exercise of person's rights, freedoms and legitimate interests.
2282:
Art 28 of the Constitution also states that any person affected by the diffusion of a false, distorted, or ambiguous information has the right to demand its rectification or its clarification by the same means and under the same conditions in which it was divulged, without prejudice to the other
2120:
Nepal Government passed a draft of information act on September 2007 on behalf of freedom. Based on that draft, the government enacted a specific law to regulate right to information on 18 July 2007. However, in February 2009 for the protection, promotion and execution of Right to Information in
1943:
The Constitution of Latvia states: "Article 100. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, which includes the right to freely receive, keep and distribute information and to express his or her views. Censorship is prohibited." The right to access state held information has been repeatedly
1741:
on 11 May 2005 and was published in the gazette of India on 15 June 2005. It came into effect on 12 October 2005 replacing the erstwhile Freedom of information Act, 2002. The Supreme Court of India had, in several Judgments prior to enactment of both Acts, interpreted Indian Constitution to read
1331:
The reasons for withholding a document are listed in the article 24 of the Act. They may be grouped to three categories: automatic non-openness, conditional non openness or conditional openness. The documents where automatic non-openness is prescribed remain withheld in all cases. In the case of
1307:
of 1951) established the openness of all records and documents in the possession of officials of the state, municipalities, and registered religious communities. Exceptions to the basic principle could only be made by law, or by an executive order for specific enumerated reasons such as national
1030:
Decision to grant or not to grant access can be appealed. Decisions can also be appealed externally to Folketingets Ombudsman. Ombudsman can also deliver opinions and review decisions; however, these are not binding even though generally followed. Ombudsman receives 200–300 complaints annually;
128:
Most freedom of information laws exclude the private sector from their jurisdiction thus information held by the private sector cannot be accessed as a legal right. This limitation has serious implications because the private sector performs many functions which were previously the domain of the
1658:
Guyana has a freedom of information act, which came into force in 2013, but it has relatively weak provisions.A commission tasked with ensuring asset declarations by government officials has begun functioning since 2018.Guyana also entered into the EITI, which guarantees the transparency of the
2244:
enacted in 1992, guarantees the right to be informed and to receive true, responsible, and equitable information (Art. 28). The same article states that public sources of information are free, and that a law will regulate the modalities, time periods, and sanctions “in order to make this right
1642:
Citizens may study the documents at the place where they are archived, or they may obtain a copy at their own cost. Access to one's own medical data is provided with the help of a doctor. Access to documents should take into account whether they be covered by copyright, patent, or trade secret
1414:
and in other registers held by authorities overseeing the execution of punishments, as well as documents of authorities if they contain personal information on persons who have lost their personal freedom or who participate in witness protection programme, unless it is obviously clear that the
2337:
The Law on Access to Public Information was approved in September 2001 and went into effect in January 2002. The Act allows anyone to demand access to public information, public data and public assets held by public bodies, private bodies that exercise public tasks, trade unions and political
2037:
The Law on Free Access to Information of Public Character was adopted on 25 January 2006. It is scheduled to go into force in September 2006.The law allows any natural or legal person to obtain information from state and municipal bodies and natural and legal persons who are performing public
1682:
and has a minimal legal status. It requires government agencies listed in its appendix to appoint Access to Information Officers to answer citizens' requests for governmental records. A fee may be charged prior to the release of information. The code does not require the government to archive
1193:
give ″ny citizen of the Union, and any natural or legal person residing or having its registered office in a Member State, a right of access to documents of the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union, whatever their medium." It follows from Article 15 TFEU that this right is
1956:
On 1 September 2012, Legal Notice 156 of 2012 brought the Freedom of Information Act (Chapter 496 of the Laws of Malta) fully into force, allowing the public (resident citizens of Malta, the EU and the EEA) to submit requests for documents/information held by the Government. FOI requests are
1477:
If information is still, after 25 years, valid and describes a security measure of a building, facility, system or method or it is still part of a plan used for national defence or civil defence, it remains non-open as long as the information is pertinent for the purpose. The same indefinite
2514:
Sri Lanka's Right to Information Act No 12 of 2016 was certified on 4 August 2016. After much debate and many amendments to the draft Bill, the final Act comprising 44 Sections was certified in early August 2016. The implementation of the Act is expected to take time due to the necessity of
1468:
documents containing sensitive information on the private life of a suspect, plaintiff, witness or other party to a criminal investigation, or information on the victim that would hurt the victim's memory or her loved ones, unless the release is necessary to conduct the work of an authority
1455:
business and professional secrets of public bodies, if a competing the body would suffer economic harm, or a public or private body pursuing competing or similar activities would gain a competitive advantage by the release or if the possibilities of a body bound by the Publicity Act to make
303:
was passed at the federal level in 1982, applying to all "ministers, departments and public authorities" of the Commonwealth. The act was amended in 2010 under the Rudd Government, establishing the government office of the information commissioner, to further promote freedom of information.
132:
Other countries are working towards introducing such laws, and many regions of countries with national legislation have local laws. For example, all U.S. states have laws governing access to public documents belonging to the state and local taxing entities. Additionally, the U.S. Freedom of
1200:
further defines this right of access to documents of the three institutions; for most other EU bodies and agencies, there is a provision in the legal act establishing them which makes Regulation No 1049/2001 applicable to them as well. In some other cases, specific rules apply (e.g. to the
506:
The FOIA Act changed on the BiH state level two times. The first alteration was passed in 2006, enabling stronger legal protection within the framework of administrative law of BiH. The second alteration was passed in December 2009, which enforced legal penalties for prescribed violations.
1633:
Article 16 (Right to Access Administrative Documents—Δικαίωμα γνώσης διοικητικών εγγράφων) of Law 1599/1986 (State-citizenry Relationship—Σχέσεις Κράτους-πολίτη) introduced the right of all citizens to read most administrative documents. This right is now codified as article 5 (Access to
878:
states that "Every person has the right to present petitions to the authorities for the general or private interest and to secure their prompt resolution. The legislative body may regulate the presentation of petitions to private organisations in order to guarantee fundamental rights."
2756:
Law on Access to Public Information was adopted 13 January 2011 and go into force from 9 May 2011. It widens the range of subjects, obliged to provide information, gives legislative definition of public information and makes public information accessible with statutory restrictions.
2353:"1. Citizens have the right to be informed by the Administration, whenever they so request, as to the progress of the procedures and cases in which they are directly interested, together with the right to be made aware of the definitive decisions that are taken in relation to them.
870:
which in its 51st article mandates public offices to list in visible area all the contracts and purchases made by month. The latter taking place slowly. A more modern law, the "Ley de transparencia y del derecho de acceso a la información pública nacional" its at its final stages.
89:), governments are typically bound by a duty to publish and promote openness. In many countries there are constitutional guarantees for the right of access to information, but these are usually unused if specific support legislation does not exist. Additionally, the United Nations
1549:, the federal government passed a freedom of information law on 5 September 2005; it was last updated on 7 August 2013. The law grants each person an unconditional right to access official federal information. No legal, commercial, or any other kind of justification is necessary.
1386:
documents concerning criminal investigations or pending prosecutions until the investigation is over or the prosecution has pleaded, unless it is obviously clear that the investigation or the prosecution is not harmed and no private person will suffer material harm nor suffering
1438:
information on financial, monetary, labour or fiscal policy measures or their preparations or pre-studies if the release would defeat the purpose of such measures, endanger the negotiation position of the state or otherwise cause great harm to the management of such policies
1154:
case before the European Court of Human Rights in 1998. The majority considered Article 10 was not applicable to the complaint. However, the court found that in the specific case, which included living near a high-risk factory, not providing information was in violation of
943:
As to 2011, a research by the Open Cyprus Project showed that there was a level of 75% of administrative silence island-wide, in response to information requests. Over half of the respondents to this survey stated that, in practice, access to key documents is not possible.
1841:
The Israeli Freedom of Information Law has, in some cases, actually achieved the opposite intended result. some Government agencies now take the position that a citizen may only request information via FOIL—i.e., an official letter designated as such and including the 95
2196:
Two states in Nigeria (namely Ekiti and Lagos State) have adopted the Freedom of Information Act at State level but they have extended the response date at State level from 7 days to 14 days. More states are expected to adopt the bill and come up with their own version.
1332:
conditional non-openness, the reasonability of the non-openness is reviewed case-by-case by the authority and, if appeals are made, by the court. In the third category, openness is a rule, and the reason for non-openness needs to be established by the authority.
2502:
The Constitutional Court ruled in 1989 that there is a constitutional right to information "as an aspect of the right of freedom of expression and specific implementing legislation to define the contours of the right was not a prerequisite to its enforcement."
3021:, the 2004 draft Freedom of Information Act has been endorsed by both major parties, but had not been passed as of January 2005. In August 2016 the Right to Information Act was unanimously certified by parliament. Passed Right to Information on 3 February 2017
2546:
The Principle of Public Access means that the general public is guaranteed insight into activities pursued by government agencies. All official documents handled by government agencies are public unless they contain information specified as secret under the
2455:
Slovakia passed the Freedom of Information Act in May 2000 (Num. law: 211/2000 Z. z.). Under the law, everybody can demand information from state institutions, organisations, from municipalities, individuals and legal entities financed by the public budget.
1699:
of 1992 extends a right of access to all data of public interest, defined as any information processed by a body performing a governmental function. Complaints and contested applications may be appealed to the Data Protection Commissioner or to the court.
970:) covers the "state agencies, territorial self-administration authorities and public institutions managing public funds" as well as any body authorised by the law to reach legal decisions relating to the public sector, to the extent of such authorisation.
1791:
The Law on Dissemination of and Free Access to Information was approved by Iranian Parliament in 2008. Its English and Arabic renditions were officially released as part of the government's efforts to promote Freedom of Information (FOI) in October 2018.
1061:) on 28 July 2004, which allows public access to information from the government and private organisations that receive public money to conduct state business. Rough drafts and projects that are not part of an administrative procedure are not included.
2050:
passed the Freedom of Information Enactment (Selangor) 2010 on 1 April 2011, allowing the Malaysian public an access to the state documents including that of local councils, city halls and state government-linked companies. Subsequently, the state of
1159:(respect to private and family life). Besides, two judges expressed a dissent on applicability of Article 10, and further six judges reserved a possibility, that in other circumstances, right to access to information could be protected by Article 10.
408:, a Law on Access to Information was approved in 2005. It has gone into effect. Previously in 1998 there was accepted Law on Freedom on Information, but the Law of 2005 provided more detailed and secured regulation for access to official information.
2944:, the constitution gives a general right of access, but enabling legislation has not yet been passed. A draft Freedom of Information Bill was circulated in 2000 but derailed by political unrest; the government has not yet begun work on a second bill.
1166:
has considered in 1996, that "public access to clear and full information on this subject —and many others for that matter—must be viewed as a basic human right". In 2009, CoE Convention on Access to Official Documents was opened for signature.
2383:. Art. 15 of this law requires public entities to respond to each request within 10 days and the law's Chapter 3 created an independent watchdog to keep track of compliance with its rules, the Commission for Access to Administrative Documents (
2413:
The law Relating to Access to Information was passed on 8 February 2013. It puts forth the purpose of the law, recognises the right to access to information, the procedures for accessing information, and compliance related issues.available at
2075:
The Constitution was amended in 1977 to include a right of freedom of information. Article 6 says in part, "the right of information shall be guaranteed by the state." The Supreme Court made a number of decisions further enhancing that right.
1931:
Small town governments, rather than the federal government, were the first to take measures to enact freedom of information as the national government was "not...as eager as local governments to deal with freedom of information legislation"
1944:
recognised by the Constitutional Court of Latvia, most notably in its judgment "On Conformity of the Cabinet of Ministers 21 January 1997 Regulations No.46 "On Government Agreements" with the 20 November 1998 "Information Accessibility Law"
1473:
Non-open information remains non-open for 25 years after it was created or obtained by an authority. Documents that are non-open to protect the privacy of an individual remain non-open for 50 years after the protected individual has died.
2691:
Tunisia adopted a freedom of information law after the revolution, in 2016. However the law was criticized for security related exemptions. A 2018 law requiring public officials revealing their assets was a step forward to transparency.
1630:, the 1975 Greek Constitution guaranteed the right of access to administrative documents and the right of citizens to obtain information. However it was not until 1986 that the first law was passed to provide for access to information.
494:
or FOIA – was adopted by the Parliament Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 17 November 2000. Both federal entities – the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina – passed freedom of information laws in 2001, the
76:
has also been used. They establish a "right-to-know" legal process by which requests may be made for government-held information, to be received freely or at minimal cost, barring standard exceptions. Also variously referred to as
2186:
signed into law the Freedom of Information (FoI) Bill, awaited for 12 years by media proprietors and practitioners alike, during which the Villa got knocks for filibustering and lawmakers complained of bombardment by campaigners.
1815:. Disclosure is the default assumption of the Act; bodies can withhold information only by citing exemptions specified in the legislation. Decisions of public bodies in relation to requests for information may be reviewed by the
1478:
non-openness applies to all documents under international security obligations, if the release might still affect Finnish foreign relations negatively. The non-openness of other documents may be prolonged up to 55 years by the
2279:. Presently, most government offices have Transparency offices and can provide information to citizens and receive reports of corruption. The main Executive agency in charge of promoting Electronic Government is the SENATICS.
2791:, the UK Prime Minister who introduced the Freedom of Information Act, later expressed regret over the Act, claiming that the Act impeded the ability of officials to deliberate "with a reasonable level of confidentiality".
5505:
365:"Austria’s government has frequently been criticized for inadequate transparency. Official secrecy remains enshrined in the constitution, and Austria’s overall legal framework on access to information is weak" writes the
7139:
670:
1308:
security. The openness of unsigned draft documents was not mandated, but up to the consideration of the public official. This weakness of the law was removed when the law was revised in the 1990s. The revised law, the
1442:
studies conducted by regulatory authorities of financial and pension institutions, if the studies include information on the regulated bodies and the release would endanger the proper functioning of financial markets
1898:
Since 2013, everyone has a right to obtain access to documents, information and data that public entities are obliged to make public if they fail to do so (Article 5, Comma 1, d.l. 33/2013, aka transparency decree).
4377:
See para. 50–60, as well as concurring opinion of Mrs Palm, joined by Mr Bernhardt, Mr Russo, Mr Macdonald, Mr Makarczyk and Mr van Dijk, partly dissenting opinion of Mr Thór Vilhjálmsson, concurring opinion of Mr
2356:
2. Without prejudice to the law governing matters concerning internal and external security, criminal investigation and personal privacy, citizens also have the right of access to administrative files and records.
4500:"Decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 11 December 2012 concerning public access to documents held by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the exercise of its administrative functions"
3014:, the Freedom of Information Act 2004 was laid before the parliament in that year, but was not passed. Further work on the legislation is currently being held back, pending a review of the country's Constitution.
1430:
administrative complaints during their handling, if their release would harm investigation or be likely to cause suffering or harm to a party in the matter, unless grave reasons exist for release of information
2748:
does not include a specific general right of access to information but contains a general right of freedom of collect and disseminate information and rights of access to personal and environmental information.
703:
2133:
Article 110 of the Constitution states: "In the exercise of their duties government bodies shall observe the principle of transparency in accordance with the rules to be prescribed by Act of Parliament."
857:
which thereby mandates the publishing of acts and official documents. This is implemented and applies to documents that belong to official facilities (offices or the like). Additionally there is the anti
4374:
2079:
The Federal Law of Transparency and Access to Public Government Information was unanimously approved by Congress in April 2002 and signed by President Fox in June 2002. It went into effect in June 2003.
1382:
documents concerning international relations of Finland, Finnish institutions or Finnish persons, unless it is obviously clear that no harm will befall on Finnish foreign relations now or in the future
2909:, the national freedom of information legislation has been enacted by law 27.275 (2016), but only a few states have their own legislation on a local level. Such is the case of the City of Buenos Aires.
2853:
940:
Europe standards in the Northern occupied part of Cyprus. The right to access to public information is provided in different ways in the two parts of the island, in which Cyprus is de facto divided.
1822:
The 2014 Act was amended by the Freedom of Information (Amendment) Act 2003. The amendments introduced fees for non-personal requests and restricted the kinds of material which could be accessed.
758:
A 393-page report released in September 2008, sponsored by several Canadian newspaper groups, compares Canada's Access to Information Act to the FOI laws of the provinces and of 68 other nations.
1981:, to pass such legislation. The law allows both the media and individual citizens to demand information from any public authority or any private authority that carries out government functions.
1795:
In 2023 Iranian government charged Etemad after publishing information on denied news by the government around hijab watch guards law obtained by Foia, the government claimed it was top secret.
2193:
The harmonised version was passed by both Chambers on 26 May 2011.It was conveyed to Jonathan on 27 May, and he signed it on 28 May 2011, according to a statement Aso Rock issued on Tuesday.
1935:
Local efforts in some ways predate national efforts; In many local governments, regulations about information disclosure (情報公開条例) were established starting from the latter half of the 1980s.
632:
of individuals with respect to personal information about themselves held by a federal government institution and that provide individuals with a right of access to that information. It is a
3091:
2275:
Paraguay became internationally committed to promote transparency, empower citizens, fight corruption, and harness new technologies to strengthen governance after becoming a member of the
1509:
Act No. 78-753 of 17 July 1978. On various measures for improved relations between the Civil Service and the public and on various arrangements of administrative, social and fiscal nature
1358:
documents containing information on a judicial psychiatric examination or on certain personal investigations relating to execution of prison sentences and similar custodial sentences (26)
611:
government, permitting Canadians to retrieve information from government files, establishing what information could be accessed, mandating timelines for response. This is enforced by the
1505:
Loi n°78–753 du 17 juillet 1978 portant diverses mesures d'amélioration des relations entre l'administration et le public et diverses dispositions d'ordre administratif, social et fiscal
1343:, foreign policy memos of the foreign ministry on political status, negotiations with foreign governments or organisations and diplomatic cryptograms, unless released by the ministry (1)
7261:
3234:
209:
3153:
1352:
documents handed over to a statistical authority for the compilation of statistics and documents handed over voluntarily to an authority for purposes of research and statistics (16)
1022:, minutes, as well as documents prepared for such meetings; correspondence between ministries concerning legislation and material used for scientific research or public statistics.
485:
7200:
2506:
The Act on Disclosure of Information by Public Agencies was enacted in 1996 and went into effect in January 1998. It allows citizens to demand information held by public agencies.
5315:
2920:
has proposed to put in place a Freedom of Information Bill. The Government has launched various initiatives to vett the proposed bill with the citizens of the country for comment.
1707:(Act XC of 2005). The Act has three basic parts: 1. electronic disclosure of certain data by public sector bodies, 2. publicity of legislation and 3. openness of Court decisions.
7058:
7017:
1143:
752:
5341:
1465:
documents containing information on entrance examination or other examination or test, if the release would defeat the purpose of the test or exam or prevent its future use (22)
659:. Each province and territory in Canada has its own access to information legislation. In all cases, this is also the provincial public sector privacy legislation. For example:
6999:
2600:
2380:
2258:
1156:
1263:
of the European Parliament and Council provides for citizens of each country to have freedom of access to information on the environment, in line with the requirements of the
1496:
1324:) also extended the principle of openness to corporations that perform legally mandated public duties, such as pension funds and public utilities, and to computer documents.
1182:
163:
for it. The person making the request does not usually have to give an explanation for their actions, but if the information is not disclosed a valid reason has to be given.
6248:
2535:. Dating back to 1766, it is the first freedom of information legislation in the modern sense. In modern times the right has become known as the Principle of Public Access (
2350:
guarantees the right of access to administrative documents in its Article 268, titled "Citizens’ rights and guarantees ". Its paragraphs (1), (2) and (6) read as following:
1639:
the Cabinet, or if accessing the document can seriously hamper criminal or administrative violation investigations carried out by judicial, police, or military authorities.
1415:
security, future employment and social reintegration of the person will not be endangered and there is a valid reason for releasing the specific information in question (28)
1407:
documents concerning a refugee or an applicant for a visa, residence permit or an asylum, unless it is obviously clear that the person or his loved ones are not harmed (24)
3260:
838:
129:
public sector. As a result, information that was previously public is now within the private sector, and the private contractors cannot be forced to disclose information.
4437:"Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents"
4388:
2055:
passed the Freedom of Information bill on 4 November 2011, allowing the public to access to state documents. Both states are under the ruling of the federal opposition
1779:(ration stores), disaster relief, construction of highways etc. The law itself has been hailed as a landmark in India's drive towards more openness and accountability.
1283:, provides a variety of rights in relation to personal data, including a right of access. This has been transcribed into national legislation through, for example, the
6433:
5752:
3638:
1816:
1355:
documents containing medical information, information on sexual orientation or information pertaining to a customer of labour administration or of social services (25)
1198:
Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents
1678:
has promulgated a "Code on Access to Information" to serve a similar purpose. This code, like other internal regulations of the Government, was not legislated by the
4536:
1018:
are excluded from the administrative documents that can be given access to. Section 10 outlines other areas excluded from access, such as records of meetings of the
476:
The National Assembly of Bhutan passed an RTI Bill in February 2014. Its purpose is to curb corruption by providing the public with the right to access information.
2029:
1163:
7035:
6041:
4499:
1449:
documents pertaining to an investigation or other control measure by an authority if the release would endanger the regulatory control measure or its purpose (15)
93:
has a target to ensure public access to information and the protection of fundamental freedoms as a means to ensure accountable, inclusive and just institutions.
2926:
enacted the Freedom of Information Act and it commenced in 2018. The Data Protection Act was also assented to by Parliament in 2018 and is awaiting commencement.
1766:(2002) etc.) that allowed the right to information (to different degrees) to citizens about activities of any State Government body. 12. Question No.115 Starred
7168:
647:
about the person making the request. Subject to exceptions, individuals have a right of access to records that contain their own personal information under the
5367:
3873:
3520:
7271:
7251:
6966:
4051:
3821:
2962:, the House of Representatives drafted and submitted a freedom of information bill in 2004, and in 2008 passed with the name Public Information Openness Law.
2766:
2480:
2262:
1378:
Conditional non-openness is mandated for the following categories of documents, unless it is "obviously clear" that the protected interest is not endangered
2287:, and any citizen can request a copy of publicly or privately held information relating to him, and can demand that any inaccurate data found be destroyed.
7354:
7309:
7144:
6988:
4090:
The Folketing, “The Danish Access to Public Administrative Documents Act,” the Folketing, Act No. 572, 19 December 1985, Chapter 5, Section 17.1 and 17.2,
2829:
2800:
1390:
documents on security of buildings, facilities, communications or information systems, unless it is obviously clear that the security is not endangered (7)
4103:
Helle Krunke, “Freedom of Information and Open Government in Denmark: Progress or Deterioration?,” International Journal of Open Governments, vol 1–2015,
1364:
documents relating to the care of students, as well as any student evaluations containing verbal information on the personal qualities of the student (30)
7156:
7052:
6490:
6483:
6473:
4631:
2806:
2784:
2780:
2376:
2300:
2190:
The House of Representatives passed the Bill on 24 February 2011, and the Senate dialled up integrity on 16 March as it delivered on promise to pass it.
2107:
1928:, the "Law Concerning Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs" (行政機関の保有する情報の公開に関する法律) was promulgated in 1999. The law was enforced in 2001.
1400:
documents concerning national defence or military intelligence, unless it is obviously clear that national defence is in no way harmed or endangered (10)
1346:
registers held by law enforcement for investigation and prevention of crimes, as well as passport or ID card photos and biometric information on them (4)
1268:
1260:
1237:
sets out the rules and practices for accessing public sector information resources for further exploitation. This directive has been reviewed in 2013 by
72:
legislation was a response to increasing dissatisfaction with the secrecy surrounding government policy development and decision making. In recent years
1239:
Directive 2013/37/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 26 June 2013 amending Directive 2003/98/EC on the re-use of public sector information
1000:
funding or performing public function can be acquired. Yet, the information concerning activities of judicial branch and legislators is not accessible.
841:
promulgated the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Open Government Information" (中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例), which came into effect on 1 May 2008.
4297:
468:
was passed in 1998 was amended in 2000 and is currently in force, though a governmental commission noted that "not much use has been made of the Act".
5395:
2817:
has been credited with the impetus for creating this act, among others. The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments were signed by President
1511:). It sets as a general rule that citizens can request a copy of any administrative document (in paper, digitised or other form), and establishes the
6408:: good law and practice from around the world, including links to RTI and other related laws and constitutional provisions from nearly 100 countries.
4116:
John M. Ackerman and Irma E. Sandoval-Ballesteros, “The Global Explosion of Freedom of Information Laws,” Administrative Law Review, 58:1, 2006, 109.
4091:
7086:
6230:
2596:
2590:
2465:
1041:
534:
2137:
The Dutch act on public access to government information entered into force in 1980 and is updated several times later. Under the act known as the
2034:
Article 16 of the Constitution of North Macedonia guarantees "access to information and the freedom of reception and transmission of information".
7128:
6993:
2739:
2396:
2089:
1524:
908:
280:
250:
68:
allow access by the general public to data held by national governments and, where applicable, by state and local governments. The emergence of
7133:
6186:
4230:
David Banisar, “Freedom of Information and Access to Government Record Laws around the World,” The freedominfo.org Global Survey, May 2004, 27.
2825:
2701:
2426:
2215:
1621:
1210:
1202:
950:
On 22 December 2017 the law has finally been approved (Law number 184(I)/2017 Law on the Right of Access to Information of the Public Sector).
934:
5162:
4414:
3238:
170:
General Conference voted to designate 28 Sep as “International Day for the Universal Access to Information” or, as it is more commonly known,
7080:
7022:
6951:
4854:
3293:
2917:
1394:
5998:
7299:
7294:
7075:
7005:
6536:
6426:
5003:"Study conducted by Pricewaterhouse Cooper for the Department of Personnel and Training in 2008–2009 on the implementation of the RTI Act"
4138:
2415:
1459:
documents used by a public body in a collective bargaining or labour action if the release would harm the public body as the employer (18)
5885:
7221:
7116:
7110:
5863:
5319:
4277:
2254:
1147:
947:
Since late 2013, a draft law on the Right to Access Public Information was being discussed in the Parliament of the Republic of Cyprus.
425:
285:
The Law on Freedom of Information was unanimously approved by the Parliament on 23 September 2003 and went into force in November 2003.
5479:
1446:
documents containing information on endangered species or valuable natural areas, if the release would endanger their preservation (14)
424:, 2005. The Ordinance was passed by the current government of Bangladesh in the first session of this parliament on 29 March 2009. The
6946:
5920:
5784:
2334:
Article 61 of the Constitution provides for the right to information and mandates that Parliament enact a law setting out this right.
1647:
612:
417:
390:
writes: "More than 110 countries have already created freedom of information – Nonsense that this should not be possible in Austria."
7122:
7046:
6367:
6135:
5814:
4724:
3303:
441:
231:
2401:
Since 2001 there is one law on Freedom of Information and one on transparent decision-making processes in public administration (a
1515:, an independent administrative authority, to oversee the process, although no administration is required to accept those request.
6255:
5455:"Act relating to the right of access to documents held by public authorities and public undertakings (Freedom of Information Act)"
3805:
3062:
Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
2989:, the Access and Receipt of Information Bill was before Parliament in 2003–4, but the current status of the legislation is unknown
2881:
Parts of this article (those related to section: "(Unless stated otherwise, information is current as of July 2008).") need to be
2548:
7314:
7304:
7211:
6453:
6308:"Freedom of Information Around the World 2006: A Global Survey of Access to Government Information Laws by David Banisar". SSRN.
6103:
5236:
5037:
4461:
2528:
1679:
1646:
In addition, Law 3448/2006, on the reuse of public sector information, harmonises the national laws with the requirements on the
592:
148:
laws may be part of the freedom of information legislation; the concepts are often closely tied together in political discourse.
7324:
4563:"Directive 2003/98/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 17 November 2003 on the re-use of public sector information"
3267:
2360:
6. For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2) the law shall lay down a maximum time limit for responses by the Administration."
7364:
7011:
6478:
6419:
5051:
4986:
3320:
2772:
299:
174:. The date had previously been celebrated as “Right to Know Day” since 2002. The UNESCO resolution recommends approval by the
90:
7329:
1235:
Directive 2003/98/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 17 November 2003 on the re-use of public sector information
7098:
7092:
6564:
5228:
4855:"Right to Information Act to complete five years on October 12 | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis"
4605:
1848:
1349:
statistics and other documents on economic policy that might affect financial markets, until they are released to public (13)
1222:
875:
637:
213:
5759:
5345:
3007:, the government produced a draft Freedom of Information Bill in August 2005. It is expected to become law within two years.
653:
but the general public does not have a right of access to records that contain personal information about others under the
7206:
7104:
7064:
6468:
4540:
2312:
2171:
1808:
1267:. Governments are required to transcribe the directive into national legislation (for example, in the United Kingdom, the
896:
892:
3204:
7266:
7256:
7150:
7040:
6595:
3431:"Freedom of Information for Planning Research and Practice in Australia: Examples, Implications, and Potential Remedies"
3066:
2486:
1728:
822:
102:
6290:
4749:
4583:
4562:
4524:
4503:
4487:
4476:
4465:
4457:
4436:
3825:
1775:
Legal Aid to Poor A number of high-profile disclosures revealed corruption in various government schemes such scams in
643:
Canadian access to information laws distinguish between access to records generally and access to records that contain
6093:
4392:
3128:
2276:
1009:
reasons for the delay as well as expected date for a decision. More detailed procedures are not laid down in the Act.
399:
4828:
3360:
1397:
and other documents concerning state security, unless it is obviously clear that state security is not endangered (9)
1130:
grants the public rights regarding access to information, public participation and access to justice in governmental
452:
Article 32 of the Constitution was amended in 1993 to include a right of access to documents held by the government.
5371:
4298:
https://web.archive.org/web/20090327033817/http://www.pciudadana.com/congreso_nacional/download/leyes/ley_200-04.pdf
4186:
The Folketing, “The Danish Access to Public Administrative Documents Act,” Chapter 4, Section 16.1 and Section 16.2.
2714:(Bilgi Edinme Hakkı Kanunu) was signed on 24 October 2003, and it came into effect 6 months later on 24 April 2004.
2174:. This implemented a general policy of openness regarding official documents and replaced the Official Secrets Act.
2122:
6961:
3881:
3751:
3524:
2372:
2144:
2004:
1776:
1479:
1462:
documents used for preparation of a legal action, if the release would harm a public body as a party to a suit (19)
1019:
387:
4339:
4092:
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/compliance/C2008-28/response/DKAccessToPublicAdministrationFilesAct.pdf
3777:
2139:
420:
issued in the Bangladesh Gazette the Right to Information Ordinance (No. 50 of 2008), based loosely on the Indian
7289:
6982:
6766:
5626:
2840:
The Act was enacted in 2008 under President Vazquez's Administration and is mainly implemented by the Judiciary.
1280:
1111:
690:
655:
603:
373:
171:
3847:
2494:
held information is an interesting feature, as most freedom of information laws only cover governmental bodies.
6719:
6529:
6463:
3403:
3081:
3039:
2229:
1734:
1609:
1284:
1206:
490:
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) was the first country in the Balkan region to adopt a Freedom of Information Act.
421:
5917:
Federal Act on Freedom of Information in the Administration of 17 December 2004 (status as of 19 August 2014)
5704:
4353:
140:
legislation, which allows access to government meetings, not just to the records of them. In many countries,
7369:
6600:
5739:
4301:
3321:"Exclusion of Private Sector from Freedom of Information Laws: Implications from a Human Rights Perspective"
3111:
2745:
2347:
1675:
1252:
operates the Register of Interest representatives, a voluntary register of lobbyists at the European union.
991:
for the right of the public to information. Denmark scores 64 points in Global Right to Information Rating.
988:
437:
202:
5392:
5076:
4537:"Decision of the European Central Bank of 4 March 2004 on public access to European Central Bank documents"
583:
was passed in 2000, following a 1996 recommendation from the Constitutional Court to implement such a law.
6731:
5850:
4076:
3076:
2604:
2532:
2315:
provides that "Freedom of information in Pitcairn shall be provided by Ordinance, which shall reflect the
1581:
122:
114:
108:
69:
5916:
3934:
6956:
6736:
6699:
6401:
6329:
6187:"Copyright and State Government: An Analysis of Section 119.083, Florida's Software Copyright Provision"
5436:
4645:
3546:
2608:
1966:
1340:
1218:
883:
days. If not addressed the official in charge of resolving the petition may be charged with misconduct.
762:
697:
152:
5677:
5607:
4966:
4700:
Federal Act Governing Access to Information held by the Federal Government (Freedom of Information Act)
2416:
http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/postoftheday/2013/18/Rwanda_ATI_Law_March2013_NewDelhi_SatbirS.pdf
1411:
4911:
3000:, the government pledged to enact a Freedom of Information Act but no legislation has yet been passed.
2607:
is governed by cantonal laws, which are mostly similar to the federal law. As of 2018, the cantons of
2112:
A freedom of information law was passed in Montenegro late in 2005, after a process of several years.
2038:
functions. The requests can be oral, written or electronic. Requests must be responded to in 10 days.
6654:
6579:
6458:
6234:
5591:"Acción de Inconstitucionalidad en el juicio "Defensoria del Pueblo c/ Municipalidad de San Lorenzo""
4719:. Szentendre, Hungary: The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe. p. 89.
4134:“Global Right to Information Rating: Denmark,” Centre for Law and Democracy, accessed 19 March 2017,
3430:
3071:
1557:
1424:
736:
Act respecting access to documents held by public bodies and the protection of personal information (
723:
649:
644:
620:
5959:
3981:
3780:(in Bengali). Ministry of Information, Press Information Department. 21 October 2008. Archived from
133:
Information Act governs record management of documents in the possession of the federal government.
6761:
6522:
6208:
5723:
5649:
5573:
5173:
4006:
3123:
2676:
1804:
1738:
1585:
1427:
and prison authorities, if their release would make the work of such authorities more difficult (5)
1249:
384:
175:
4714:
4163:
The Folketing, “The Danish Access to Public Administrative Documents Act,” Chapter 1, Section 2.1.
4154:
The Folketing, “The Danish Access to Public Administrative Documents Act,” Chapter 2, Section 4.1.
1904:
The courts have ruled that the 3 types of access are complementary and do not exclude each other.
1367:
documents containing a secret phone number, or the location of a mobile communications device (31)
607:
allows citizens to demand records from federal bodies. The act came into force in 1983, under the
7359:
7162:
6844:
6704:
6649:
6035:
5126:
5118:
5105:
5084:
4251:
Helle Krunke, “Freedom of Information and Open Government in Denmark: Progress or Deterioration?”
3593:
3498:
3476:
3458:
1843:
1601:
5552:
5097:
3913:"Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Open Government Information (中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例)"
3571:
3136:, Los Angeles City Council member (1974–94) who authored city's freedom-of-information ordinance
2268:
Following the Supreme Court's decision, and with the support of the civil society and President
6075:
4135:
3956:
1374:
public, as well as being aa founding member of a political party or electoral association. (32)
6892:
6839:
6667:
6662:
6574:
6363:
6321:
6317:
6141:
6131:
5980:
5621:
4720:
4625:
4312:
3699:
3674:
3632:
3450:
3299:
3205:"Statement by European RTI Community on the world's First Official Access to Information Day!"
3061:
2810:
2644:
2616:
2249:
2183:
1553:
1530:
1264:
1214:
1127:
809:
The Freedom of Information Law was passed in 2007 and was brought into force in January 2009.
380:
has been undermined by various political pressures or restrictions on access to information."
5933:
4766:
4274:
3802:
2228:
More recently, by virtue of the 18th Amendment of 2010, article 19A has been inserted in the
7226:
6936:
6907:
6794:
6724:
6714:
6694:
6309:
6023:
5483:
5207:
4699:
4242:
Banisar, “Freedom of Information and Access to Government Record Laws around the World,” 27.
3442:
2640:
2536:
2221:
1812:
1317:
433:
5795:
4125:
Krunke, “Freedom of Information and Open Government in Denmark: Progress or Deterioration?”
2363:
The rule enshrined in Art. 268, par. (2) of the Constitution is known as the "principle of
825:
provides for the freedom of information. A law titled Law on Access to Public Information (
7183:
6887:
6882:
6559:
6405:
6342:
5818:
5399:
4990:
4970:
4915:
4753:
4325:
4281:
4142:
4010:
3133:
3096:
2364:
2296:
1589:
1131:
633:
145:
6411:
6359:
Blacked Out: Government Secrecy in the Information Age - Alasdair Roberts - Google Boeken
5811:
5002:
4875:
4104:
1110:
extends to all "holders of information", covering all state and local government bodies,
6272:
6055:
Lawyer:Law on access to public information gives no clear definition of such information
5830:
5225:
4806:
2887:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2562:
The security of Sweden or its relations with another state or international organization
2011:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1878:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1719:
the Information Act (Upplýsingalög) Act no. 50/1996 gives access to public information.
1118:
in private law if they are performing public duties (providing health, education etc.).
792:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
558:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
48:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
6941:
6897:
6814:
6079:
6054:
4018:
3912:
2997:
2930:
2776:
2303:
to be implemented effectively in all offices under the executive branch of government.
2269:
2056:
1597:
959:
608:
4683:
2338:
parties. The requests can be oral or written. The bodies must respond within 14 days.
1361:
documents containing results or information from individual psychological testing (29)
7348:
7231:
6861:
6804:
6160:
5904:
5237:
Main Points of the Law Concerning Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs
5232:
5211:
3895:
3809:
3462:
3429:
Schapper, Jake H. M.; McLeod, Sam; Hedgcock, Dave; Babb, Courtney (8 December 2020).
3101:
2857:
2779:
on a national level, with the exception of Scottish bodies, which are covered by the
1077:
of 2004 declares that the right of access to information is guaranteed by the state.
683:
377:
369:
86:
5454:
4983:
4609:
4525:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2009:067:0001:0004:EN:PDF
4488:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:160:0096:0099:EN:PDF
4477:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:205:0019:0023:EN:PDF
3499:"New South Wales Consolidated Acts: Government Information (Public Access) Act 2009"
3335:
1494:, the accountability of public servants is a constitutional right, according to the
6902:
6854:
6849:
6809:
6709:
6679:
6630:
5527:
5052:"اعلام جرم علیه روزنامه اعتماد بهدلیل افشای "سند خیلی محرمانه" درباره حجاببانها"
3086:
2818:
2402:
1697:
Act on the Protection of Personal Data and Public Access to Data of Public Interest
1115:
730:
5708:
5248:
3446:
2832:, which require government meetings to be announced in advance and held publicly.
2597:
Swiss Federal Act on the Principle of Freedom of Information in the Administration
2558:
There are a number of exemptions to this principle when the information concerns:
751:
From 1989 to 2008, requests made to the federal government were catalogued in the
383:
In the context of a newly proposed public access law that has yet to be passed by
6395:: one-stop portal for freedom of information laws and movements around the world.
6357:
5297:
1134:
processes. It focuses on interactions between the public and public authorities.
501:
Freedom of Access to Information Act for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
17:
6866:
6824:
6819:
6784:
6751:
6634:
5224:
Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications (総務省)
3047:
2982:, the draft Freedom of Information Act 2007 will soon be tabled into Parliament.
2814:
2775:(2000 c. 36) is the implementation of freedom of information legislation in the
2284:
1978:
1826:
significant public funds, so that the FOI legislation would also apply to them.
1763:
1671:
there are no laws specifically enacted to guarantee the freedom of information.
1565:
1419:
Conditional openness is prescribed for the following categories of information:
1086:
516:
429:
191:
4389:"PACE resolution no. 1087 (1996) on the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster"
2595:
Switzerland is a federal state. Access to federal documents is governed by the
1335:
The absolute reasons for non-openness are (subpoint of Article 24 in captions)
7319:
6834:
6789:
6746:
6545:
5590:
5122:
5101:
5080:
3212:
3053:
3029:
3004:
2788:
2094:
Article 34 of the Constitution provides for a right of access to information.
1743:
859:
405:
6145:
5038:"Iran Releases English, Arabic Versions of Law on Free Access to Information"
3454:
2568:
The inspection, control or other supervisory activities of a public authority
1194:"subject to the principles and the conditions to be defined" in legislation.
1126:
In matters concerning the local, national and transboundary environment, the
1093:
was given assent by The Legislative Assembly of El Salvador on 3 March 2011.
151:
A basic principle behind most freedom of information legislation is that the
6756:
6684:
6644:
6625:
6059:
5506:"Implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
5279:
4746:
4177:“Global Right to Information Rating: Denmark,” Centre for Law and Democracy.
3018:
2993:
2963:
2959:
2906:
2783:(2002 asp. 13). Environmental information is covered by further legislation
2620:
2577:
The protection of the personal or economic circumstances of private subjects
1755:
1751:
1668:
1605:
983:
294:
268:
5075:
Freedom of Information Act 1997, s. 1: Citation and commencement (
4646:"Act on the Openness of Government Activities, Finnish Ministry of Justice"
4216:“Global Right to Information Rating: Denmark,” Centre for Law and Democracy
4204:
The Folketing, “The Danish Access to Public Administrative Documents Act,”.
2067:
The Maldives passed the Right to Information Act (RTI) on 12 January 2014.
1456:
advantageous purchases or other financial arrangements would be harmed (17)
4832:
4052:"The Right of Access to Information in Cyprus. Report and Recommendations"
1031:
approximately 15 percent of complaints are ruled in favour of appellants.
6829:
6799:
6569:
6313:
6098:
6027:
5198:
Okudaira, Y. (1983). "Toward freedom of information: The Japanese case".
3874:""The Dark Country" by Gil Shochat | the Walrus | January 2010"
3615:
State of Victoria, Australia, Department of Justice (14 September 2010).
2923:
2913:
2849:
2624:
2241:
2047:
1593:
850:
676:
576:
271:, the Access to public information Act (Ley 27.275) was adopted in 2016.
5411:
4784:
3848:"Fallen Behind: Canada's Access to Information Act in the World Context"
3477:"ACT legislation register – Freedom of Information Act 1989 – main page"
3404:"F.O.I. Center – Association of an Investigative Journalists of Armenia"
1969:
signed the Freedom of Information Act of 2010 into law in October 2010.
7140:
Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
6741:
6639:
3781:
3179:
3106:
2986:
2628:
2552:
1970:
1716:
1692:
1573:
1546:
1452:
detailed returns of political candidates on their campaign funding (15)
1296:
1102:
1070:
979:
914:
716:
709:
671:
Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (British Columbia)
664:
636:. Complaints for possible violations of the Act may be reported to the
629:
256:
216: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
141:
5161:
Access to Information Unit Jamaica Archives & Records Department.
2639:
The "Freedom of Government Information Law" (政府資訊公開法), enacted by the
853:
constitution grants the right of access to public information through
7069:
4273:
Freedom House, “Country Report: Denmark.” Freedom of the Press 2016,
3851:
3724:
3572:"South Australian Consolidated Acts: Freedom Of Information Act 1991"
3552:. The Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel. 1 November 2010
2968:
2723:
2707:
2612:
2524:
2098:
entities that provide public services and hold official information.
2052:
1974:
1835:
1627:
1569:
1561:
1491:
737:
598:
522:
461:
167:
6017:
4982:
For a comparison between Indian and British legislative efforts see
3778:"Bangladesh Right to Information Ordinance, No. 50 of 2008 (Bangla)"
3407:
3382:
1055:
Ley No.200-04 – Ley General de Libre Acceso a la Información Pública
1142:
The recognition of the right to access to public information under
7029:
6689:
5226:
Law Concerning Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs
3011:
2979:
2948:
2531:
grants public access to official documents and is included in the
1925:
1759:
1577:
818:
744:
704:
Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (Nova Scotia)
113:
Over 100 countries around the world have implemented some form of
5903:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4747:
Article 5 of the Administrative Procedures Code — Document Access
4584:"Directive 2003/98/EC on the re-use of public sector information"
2283:
compensatory rights. There is also a specific law that regulates
6674:
6125:
4889:"File RTI Online – Suchana ka Adhikar – Filing RTI across India"
3523:. Department of the Attorney-General and Justice. Archived from
2941:
2647:
government in Taiwan, has been in force since 28 December 2005.
2248:
The ruling from the Supreme Court was made in the context of an
2225:
provincial governments. The bodies must respond within 21 days.
1876:. The reason given is: Newer FOI legislation has passed in 2016.
1189:
6518:
6415:
5740:
English version of the original Law no. 26/2016, not up to date
4939:
4888:
2996:, there is currently no freedom of information legislation. In
400:
Media freedom in Azerbaijan § Access to public information
5298:"Liberian President Signs Freedom of Information Act Into Law"
2867:
1988:
1858:
1747:
1146:(including "freedom (..) to receive (..) information") of the
925:) first introduced in 2003 extends to all public authorities.
772:
538:
366:
185:
28:
6514:
4649:
3616:
497:
Freedom of Access to Information Act for the Republika Srpska
6398:
4136:
http://www.rti-rating.org/view_country/?country_name=Denmark
3652:
3594:"Tasmanian Consolidated Acts: Right to Information Act 2009"
2206:
to be present at sittings of courts and elected assemblies.
2162:
as it is in the interest of good and democratic governance.
307:
There is similar legislation in all states and territories:
5960:"Laws & Regulations Database and The Republic of China"
4963:
7065:
Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
6392:
6291:"The Right to Information Act No. 12 of 2016 of Sri Lanka"
5139:
4908:
4458:
Joint declaration relating to Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001
4275:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/denmark
3328:
Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences
3235:"Access to Information Laws: Overview and Statutory Goals"
2445:
5023:
4927:
3092:
Non-profit organizations and access to public information
2813:
on 4 July 1966, and went into effect the following year.
2655:
Tanzania's Access to Information Act was passed in 2016.
2565:
The central fiscal, monetary or currency policy of Sweden
1287:(United Kingdom) and the Data Protection 2003 (Ireland).
628:
is to extend the present laws of Canada that protect the
7262:
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
4942:: Online Community to file RTI applications anonymously.
2317:
freedom of information legislation of the United Kingdom
1310:
Laki viranomaisten toiminnan julkisuudesta 21.5.1999/621
964:
Zákon č. 106/1999 Sb., o svobodném přístupu k informacím
5727:
4951:
4078:
Another 106 Answers to your Questions (With Judgements)
3653:"Office of the Information Commissioner (WA) Home Page"
978:
Access to Public Administration Files Act of 1985 is a
6209:"La Legislatura de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires"
5886:"The Principle of Public Access to Official Documents"
5864:"The Principle of Public Access to Official Documents"
4105:
http://ojs.imodev.org/index.php/RIGO/article/view/9/70
729:
Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
722:
Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
715:
Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
675:
Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
663:
Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
486:
Access to public information in Bosnia and Herzegovina
7059:
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
7018:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
2154:
for short, any person can demand information (called
1705:
Act on the Freedom of Information by Electronic Means
753:
Coordination of Access to Information Requests System
743:
Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
708:
Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
696:
Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
689:
Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
7000:
Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory
6161:"Oct. 2, 1996: FOIA Law Ushers in Digital Democracy"
6124:
Henriette Mantel, Steve Skrovan (directors) (2006).
4918:: The Complete Right to Information Portal of India.
4878:, Appointment of bureaucrat as Punjab CIC draws flak
4713:
Dorovinis, Vassilis; Etairia, Elliniki (June 1998).
2975:
which was passed onto Parliament at the end of 2005.
2601:
Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner
2259:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1435:
of an accident, their memory or their loved ones (8)
968:
Act No. 106/1999 Coll. on Free Access to Information
682:
Right to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (
7280:
7240:
7201:
Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011
7191:
7182:
6975:
6929:
6920:
6875:
6777:
6618:
6609:
6588:
6552:
5981:"Tunisia: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report"
5280:"Ellen Signs "Freedom of Information Act" into Law"
4586:. EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL. 26 June 2013
3700:"Austria: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report"
3675:"Austria: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report"
1497:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1301:
Laki yleisten asiakirjain julkisuudesta 9.2.1951/83
5753:"Access to Public Information: Guide for Citizens"
5412:"RTI in Nepal | CCRI Nepal – Right to Information"
5316:"Selangor passes Freedom of Information Enactment"
4767:"Guyana: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report"
4375:Grand Chamber judgment on application no. 14967/89
1482:, if necessary to safeguard a protected interest.
891:Access to official information is governed by the
5728:Commission for Access to Administrative Documents
4391:. Assembly.coe.int. 26 April 1996. Archived from
3361:"UNESCO Names Sept. 28 Access to Information Day"
2574:The economic interests of the public institutions
2435:gives access to documents of public authorities.
2385:Comissão de Acesso aos Documentos Administrativos
2007:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
1339:Documents of the foreign policy committee of the
5249:"Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia"
4679:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
3752:"05.10.2023: Informationsfreiheit in Österreich"
2937:is expected to go into effect on 1 January 2009.
2631:do not have freedom of information legislation.
2170:In New Zealand, the relevant legislation is the
1370:documents identifying an anonymous witness (31a)
1059:Law number 200-04 – Law on Access to Information
624:that was introduced in 1983. The purpose of the
2571:The interest of preventing or prosecuting crime
2030:Access to public information in North Macedonia
1513:Commission d’Accès aux Documents Administratifs
1164:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
839:State Council of the People's Republic of China
765:published a detailed history of FOI in Canada.
319:Government Information (Public Access) Act 2009
7169:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption
7036:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
6967:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations
5528:"Freedom of Information Ordinance promulgated"
4081:is a useful English-language guide to the Act.
4038:Right to Access Information Law No. 12 of 2006
3261:"The World's First Freedom of Information Act"
6530:
6427:
5533:. Transparency International. 27 October 2002
5368:"President ratifies Right to Information Act"
5096:Freedom of Information (Amendment) Act 2003 (
4340:"El Salvador Joins the List of FOI Countries"
4173:
4171:
4169:
3962:. confinder.richmond.edu. Richmond University
3957:"Text of the Constitution of Colombia (1991)"
3756:Transparency International - Austrian Chapter
2854:Access to Information and Privacy Act (AIPPA)
2663:In Thailand, the relevant legislation is the
2121:Nepal National Information Commission formed
1533:, the General Administrative Code contains a
8:
7272:United Nations Convention against Corruption
7252:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
4415:"Convention on Access to Official Documents"
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4192:
3637:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2767:Freedom of information in the United Kingdom
2549:Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act
2481:Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2000
2263:United Nations Convention against Corruption
1912:In Jamaica, the relevant legislation is the
1314:Act on the Openness of Government Activities
7310:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
7145:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
6989:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
5342:"Penang passes Freedom of Information Bill"
4954:: Portal to submit RTI applications online.
4686:(621/1999). Retrieved on 17 November 2015.
4238:
4236:
2935:Freedom of Information Regulations Act 2008
2801:Freedom of information in the United States
2580:The preservation of animal or plant species
2319:adapted to the circumstances of Pitcairn".
1316:of 1999), called in short "Publicity Act" (
7188:
7157:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
7053:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
6926:
6615:
6537:
6523:
6515:
6434:
6420:
6412:
6273:"RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT, No. 12 OF 2016"
6040:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5480:"Freedom of Information Act, 1070, Norway"
5121:). Enacted on 14 October 2014. Act of the
4807:"2012 nr. 140 28. desember/ Upplýsingalög"
4684:Laki viranomaisten toiminnan julkisuudesta
4226:
4224:
4222:
2785:Environmental Information Regulations 2004
2781:Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002
2371:) which also enacts into national law the
2367:" and it is regulated by Law no. 26/2016 (
2108:Access to public information in Montenegro
1423:technical and tactical methods of police,
1269:Environmental Information Regulations 2004
1075:Transparency and Access to Information Law
5170:ati.gov.jm/content/access-information-act
2301:executive order on freedom of information
1176:Right of access to documents of the Union
923:Act on the Right of Access to Information
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
7087:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
6130:(motion picture). Genius Entertainment.
5812:Zakon o slobodnom pristupe k informaciam
5100:). Enacted on 11 April 2003. Act of the
5079:). Enacted on 21 April 1997. Act of the
4973:: Portal to file RTI applications online
4011:"Zakon o pravu na pristup informacijama"
2591:Freedom of Information Act (Switzerland)
2466:Access to public information in Slovenia
535:Access to public information in Bulgaria
7129:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
6994:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
6094:"Why Tony Blair thinks he was an idiot"
5934:"Öffentlichkeitsgesetz.ch: Die Kantone"
5705:Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
5678:"Freedom of Information Ordinance 2012"
5172:. Government of Jamaica. Archived from
5036:Staff, IFP Editorial (8 October 2018).
3901:(in Spanish). Bcn.cl. 27 November 2014.
3145:
2955:was resubmitted to the Cabinet in 2005.
2740:Access to public information in Ukraine
2712:Turkish Law on the Right to Information
2397:Access to public information in Romania
2090:Access to public information in Moldova
1849:The Movement for Freedom of Information
1659:proceeds of oil reserves of countries.
1525:Access to public information in Georgia
1305:Act on the Openness of Public Documents
909:Access to public information in Croatia
281:Access to public information in Armenia
251:Access to public information in Albania
7217:Freedom of information laws by country
7134:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
6443:Freedom of information laws by country
6338:
6327:
6092:Rosenbaum, Martin (1 September 2010).
6033:
4630:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4623:
4321:
4310:
4212:
4210:
3630:
2702:Access to public information in Turkey
2427:Access to public information in Serbia
2295:On 23 July 2016, Philippine president
2216:Freedom of Information Act in Pakistan
1817:Office of the Information Commissioner
1622:Access to public information in Greece
935:Access to public information in Cyprus
919:Zakon o pravu na pristup informacijama
827:Ley de Acceso a la Información Pública
7081:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
7023:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
6952:International Anti-Corruption Academy
6356:Roberts, Alasdair (30 January 2006).
4046:
4044:
2324:Freedom of Information Ordinance 2012
1395:Finnish Security Intelligence Service
7:
7300:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
7295:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
7076:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
7006:National Anti-Corruption Observatory
5923:(page visited on 19 September 2016).
5163:"The Access to Information Act 2002"
4648:. Om.fi. 31 May 2007. Archived from
2313:Constitution of the Pitcairn Islands
1503:The implementing legislation is the
492:Freedom of Access to Information Act
214:adding citations to reliable sources
125:of 1766 is the oldest in the world.
7222:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
7117:National Anticorruption Directorate
7111:Anti-Corruption General Directorate
6191:Florida State University Law Review
5940:(in Swiss High German). 26 May 2015
5482:. Home.broadpark.no. Archived from
4984:British Council India's LEGAL eNEWS
4539:. Eur-lex.europa.eu. Archived from
4502:. Eur-lex.europa.eu. Archived from
4417:. Conventions.coe.int. 18 June 2009
4058:. Access Info Europe. November 2011
3915:(in Chinese). Gov.cn. 24 April 2007
3363:. freedominfo.org. 17 November 2015
2316:
2255:American Convention on Human Rights
1703:In 2005 the Parliament adopted the
1648:European Union Directive 2003/98/EC
1256:Access to Environmental Information
1229:Re-use of public sector information
1148:European Convention on Human Rights
1091:Law on Access to Public Information
7355:Freedom of information legislation
6947:Group of States Against Corruption
6289:Perera, Sudath (10 October 2016).
6076:Про доступ до публічної інформації
5921:Federal Chancellery of Switzerland
5720:Princípio da Administração Aberta
5508:. regjeringen.no. 18 February 2005
3501:. Austlii.edu.au. 16 November 2010
3184:United Nations and the Rule of Law
2973:Guarantee of Access to Information
2679:, the relevant legislation is the
1973:became only the fourth country in
895:. The law is based heavily on the
613:Information Commissioner of Canada
418:Caretaker Government of Bangladesh
311:Australian Capital Territory, the
25:
7123:Investigative Committee of Russia
5117:Freedom of Information Act 2014 (
4787:. Access.gov.hk. 13 February 2014
4356:. Riigi Teataja. 15 November 2000
3596:. Austlii.edu.au. 7 December 2009
3180:"Sustainable Development Goal 16"
2809:was signed into law by President
1612:" (Freedom of Information laws).
7315:Russian anti-corruption campaign
7305:Anti-austerity movement in Spain
7212:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
6104:British Broadcasting Corporation
5898:
3237:. Right2info.org. Archived from
3046:
3032:
2872:
2681:Freedom of Information Act, 1999
2665:Official Information Act of 1997
2529:Swedish Freedom of the Press Act
2433:Access to Public Information Act
2369:Lei n.º 26/2016, de 22 de Agosto
1993:
1863:
829:) took effect on 20 April 2009.
777:
593:Freedom of information in Canada
581:Access to Public Information Act
543:
190:
159:for information, not the person
33:
7151:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
7012:National Supervisory Commission
5026:: File RTI applications online.
4857:. Dnaindia.com. 10 October 2010
4785:"Code on Access to Information"
3547:"Right to Information Act 2009"
2773:Freedom of Information Act 2000
1914:Access to Information Act, 2002
987:no constitutional basis in the
374:Reporters without Borders (RSF)
355:Freedom of Information Act 1992
349:Freedom of Information Act 1982
337:Freedom of Information Act 1991
313:Freedom of Information Act 1989
300:Freedom of Information Act 1982
201:needs additional citations for
91:Sustainable Development Goal 16
7099:Investigation Task Force Sweep
7093:National Accountability Bureau
6565:Corruption in local government
6553:Corruption in different fields
6362:. Cambridge University Press.
6019:The Information Law of Ukraine
5999:"Making information laws work"
5650:"The Constitution of Pitcairn"
5553:"The Constitution of Pakistan"
5370:. Minivan News. Archived from
5200:Government Publications Review
3298:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2971:, there is a draft Law on the
2953:Right to Information Bill 2003
2864:Pending legislation by country
2856:was signed by their President
2123:Right to Information Act, 2007
638:Privacy Commissioner of Canada
618:There is also a complementary
372:in its 2022 and 2023 reports.
1:
7207:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
7105:Central Anticorruption Bureau
6185:Petersen, Barbara A. (1992).
5888:. Sweden.gov.se. 2 March 2015
5866:. Sweden.gov.se. 2 March 2015
3447:10.1080/08111146.2020.1853522
2603:. Access to documents at the
2490:2000. The right of access to
2326:implements this requirement.
2240:The National Constitution of
2172:Official Information Act 1982
1535:Law on Freedom of Information
1410:information contained in the
893:Official Information Act 2008
343:Right to Information Act 2009
331:Right to Information Act 2009
7267:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
7257:International asset recovery
7041:Central Vigilance Commission
6596:Corruption Perceptions Index
5212:10.1016/0277-9390(83)90029-8
4466:Council Decision 2010/427/EU
3850:. .telus.net. Archived from
3655:. State of Western Australia
3334:(1): 211–226. Archived from
3292:Staples, William R. (2007).
3067:Access to public information
2487:Constitution of South Africa
2140:Wet Openbaarheid van Bestuur
1729:Right to Information (India)
1610:Informationsfreiheitsgesetze
103:Access to public information
7325:2017–2019 Romanian protests
5608:"La Primavera Transparente"
3750:ti-admin (5 October 2023).
2916:, the Government headed by
2277:Open Government Partnership
1777:Public Distribution Systems
1608:—have approved individual "
1112:legal persons in public law
428:programme is a part of the
118:
66:Freedom of information laws
7386:
7330:2017–2018 Russian protests
6962:Transparency International
6937:Global Financial Integrity
5574:"Constitution of Paraguay"
2807:Freedom of Information Act
2798:
2764:
2737:
2699:
2588:
2478:
2463:
2424:
2394:
2213:
2105:
2087:
2027:
1772:India Justice Report 2019
1726:
1619:
1522:
932:
906:
590:
532:
514:
483:
466:Freedom of Information Act
442:National Elections of 2008
397:
388:Transparency International
278:
248:
106:
100:
7290:2011 Azerbaijani protests
6767:Offshore financial centre
6570:Interest group corruption
6499:
6449:
5938:oeffentlichkeitsgesetz.ch
5627:Philippine Daily Inquirer
5622:"Duterte signs FOI order"
5437:"Jonathan signs FoI Bill"
4989:27 September 2007 at the
3986:www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co
3435:Urban Policy and Research
3112:Transparency in behaviour
2805:In the United States the
2728:Access to Information Act
1872:This article needs to be
1281:Data Protection directive
786:This section needs to be
691:Newfoundland and Labrador
656:Access to Information Act
604:Access to Information Act
552:This section needs to be
440:party before winning the
172:Access to Information Day
74:Access to Information Act
42:This article needs to be
7232:Whistleblower protection
6720:Cryptocurrency and crime
5742:. Portuguese Parliament.
5398:13 February 2006 at the
4354:"Public Information Act"
3617:"Freedom of Information"
3479:. Legislation.act.gov.au
3082:Information commissioner
3040:Freedom of speech portal
2824:The Act applies only to
2599:, and supervised by the
2230:Constitution of Pakistan
1737:(RTI Act) was passed by
1735:Right to Information Act
1552:Thirteen of the sixteen
1285:Data Protection Act 1998
1279:Directive 95/46/EC, the
1053:Hipólito Mejía approved
422:Right to Information Act
416:On 21 October 2008, the
323:Northern Territory, the
123:Freedom of the Press Act
6601:Economics of corruption
6404:31 October 2020 at the
6016:Kormych, Borys (2016).
4914:16 October 2007 at the
3295:Encyclopedia of privacy
2446:https://www.infocom.sc/
2348:Portuguese Constitution
1676:Government of Hong Kong
1150:was one of subjects in
989:Constitution of Denmark
897:New Zealand legislation
438:Bangladesh Awami League
353:Western Australia, the
7365:Government information
7227:UK Bribery Act of 2010
6983:Oficina Anticorrupción
6732:Noble cause corruption
6589:Measures of corruption
6337:Cite journal requires
5851:AccessToInformation.si
5831:"Dostop do Informacij"
3982:"Consulta de la Norma"
3878:www.walrusmagazine.com
3077:Freedom of information
2541:offentlighetsprincipen
2533:Constitution of Sweden
1809:government departments
1674:Since March 1995, the
1582:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1321:
1107:Public Information Act
480:Bosnia and Herzegovina
182:Legislation by country
115:freedom of information
109:Freedom of information
70:freedom of information
6957:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
6737:Professional courtesy
6700:Honest services fraud
6261:on 10 September 2008.
5853:, Commissioner's site
5125:. Retrieved from
5104:. Retrieved from
5083:. Retrieved from
4141:20 March 2017 at the
3884:on 17 September 2012.
3319:Mazhar Siraj (2010).
2609:Appenzell Innerrhoden
2471:service contractors.
2311:Section 13(4) of the
1967:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
1244:Register of lobbyists
1042:Intelligence Services
763:The Walrus (magazine)
698:Northwest Territories
335:South Australia, the
317:New South Wales, the
136:A related concept is
6921:Institutions dealing
6655:Conflict of interest
6580:Political corruption
6314:10.2139/ssrn.1707336
6237:on 18 November 2008.
6028:10.2139/ssrn.3158729
5817:19 June 2008 at the
5231:19 February 2013 at
5077:No. 13 of 1997, s. 1
4752:30 July 2007 at the
4464:, see Article 11 of
3072:Freedom in the world
1425:Finnish Border Guard
724:Prince Edward Island
645:personal information
325:Information Act 2003
210:improve this article
6762:Offshore investment
6127:An Unreasonable Man
5792:www.transparency.ro
5251:. Satv.tiesa.gov.lv
4969:29 May 2012 at the
4280:18 May 2019 at the
4009:(21 October 2003).
4007:Croatian Parliament
2821:on 2 October 1996.
2677:Trinidad and Tobago
2671:Trinidad and Tobago
2373:European Directives
2365:open Administration
2261:(Art. 19); and the
1977:, and the first in
1680:Legislative Council
1586:Nordrhein-Westfalen
1261:Directive 2003/4/EC
1250:European Commission
868:anti corruption act
837:In April 2007, the
821:, article 8 of the
434:political manifesto
176:UN General Assembly
7163:Warioba Commission
7101:(Papua New Guinea)
6845:Regulatory capture
6650:Commercial bribery
5801:on 24 August 2006.
5765:on 21 October 2006
5709:Parliament website
5486:on 10 January 2015
5441:Daily Independence
5348:on 6 November 2011
5286:. 10 October 2010.
5269:Judgment 04-02(99)
5127:Irish Statute Book
5106:Irish Statute Book
5085:Irish Statute Book
5056:www.radiofarda.com
4716:Doors to Democracy
4295:www.pciudadana.com
3935:"Congreso Visible"
3822:"The Dark Country"
3808:4 October 2006 at
3241:on 4 November 2013
3215:on 21 October 2016
2860:in February 2002.
2485:Section 32 of the
1602:Schleswig-Holstein
1049:Dominican Republic
982:act passed by the
874:Article 23 of the
155:falls on the body
7342:
7341:
7338:
7337:
7178:
7177:
6916:
6915:
6893:Election security
6840:Political scandal
6575:Police corruption
6512:
6511:
6231:"Barbados.gov.bb"
6082:(13 January 2011)
5785:"transparency.ro"
5304:. 8 October 2010.
4835:on 16 August 2016
4320:Missing or empty
4307:on 27 March 2009.
4056:rcmediafreedom.eu
3828:on 3 January 2010
3521:"INFORMATION ACT"
2902:
2901:
2830:open meeting laws
2811:Lyndon B. Johnson
2184:Goodluck Jonathan
2182:Former President
2026:
2025:
1893:
1892:
1769:28 November 2019
1558:Baden-Württemberg
1412:criminal register
1393:all documents of
1265:Aarhus Convention
1215:Court of Auditors
1138:Council of Europe
1128:Aarhus convention
807:
806:
573:
572:
242:
241:
234:
63:
62:
18:Open Meetings Act
16:(Redirected from
7377:
7189:
6927:
6908:Vote suppression
6795:Crony capitalism
6725:Hawala and crime
6715:Money laundering
6695:Graft (politics)
6675:Confidence trick
6616:
6610:Forms or aspects
6539:
6532:
6525:
6516:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6413:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6340:
6335:
6333:
6325:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6269:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6254:. Archived from
6253:
6245:
6239:
6238:
6233:. Archived from
6227:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6205:
6199:
6198:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6159:Kravets, David.
6156:
6150:
6149:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6089:
6083:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6039:
6031:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6005:. 18 April 2018.
5995:
5989:
5988:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5930:
5924:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5827:
5821:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5794:. Archived from
5789:
5781:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5764:
5758:. Archived from
5757:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5717:
5711:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5682:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5654:
5646:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5532:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5408:
5402:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5374:on 11 April 2014
5364:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5344:. Archived from
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5318:. Archived from
5312:
5306:
5305:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5245:
5239:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5178:
5167:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5136:
5130:
5115:
5109:
5094:
5088:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:
4999:
4993:
4980:
4974:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4885:
4879:
4876:TribuneIndia.com
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4831:. Archived from
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4763:
4757:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4710:
4704:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4681:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4629:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4608:. Archived from
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4533:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4496:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4385:
4379:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4342:. 11 March 2011.
4336:
4330:
4329:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4308:
4306:
4300:. Archived from
4291:
4285:
4271:
4252:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4231:
4228:
4217:
4214:
4205:
4202:
4187:
4184:
4178:
4175:
4164:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4146:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4117:
4114:
4108:
4101:
4095:
4088:
4082:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4048:
4039:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3961:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3880:. Archived from
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3824:. Archived from
3818:
3812:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3636:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3619:. FOI.vic.gov.au
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3574:. Austlii.edu.au
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3406:. Archived from
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3341:on 6 August 2020
3340:
3325:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3266:. Archived from
3265:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3211:. Archived from
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3154:"FOI Commentary"
3150:
3129:Alasdair Roberts
3056:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2826:federal agencies
2641:Legislative Yuan
2307:Pitcairn Islands
2222:Pervez Musharraf
2148:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2005:factual accuracy
1997:
1996:
1989:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1480:Council of State
1341:Council of State
1248:Since 2008, the
1211:Court of Justice
1020:Council of State
802:
799:
793:
781:
780:
773:
568:
565:
559:
547:
546:
539:
329:Queensland, the
237:
230:
226:
223:
217:
194:
186:
58:
55:
49:
37:
36:
29:
21:
7385:
7384:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7375:
7374:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7334:
7282:
7276:
7244:
7242:
7236:
7193:
7184:Anti-corruption
7174:
6971:
6923:with corruption
6922:
6912:
6888:Electoral fraud
6883:Ballot stuffing
6871:
6773:
6611:
6605:
6584:
6560:Corporate crime
6548:
6543:
6513:
6508:
6495:
6445:
6440:
6406:Wayback Machine
6389:
6384:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6355:
6354:
6350:
6336:
6326:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6266:
6258:
6251:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6214:
6212:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6169:
6167:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6138:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6108:
6106:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6053:
6049:
6032:
6015:
6014:
6010:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5943:
5941:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5915:
5911:
5899:
5891:
5889:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5869:
5867:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5849:
5845:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5828:
5824:
5819:Wayback Machine
5810:
5806:
5798:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5738:
5734:
5718:
5714:
5703:
5699:
5689:
5687:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5661:
5659:
5652:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5633:
5631:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5576:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5521:
5511:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5489:
5487:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5463:
5461:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5420:
5418:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5400:Wayback Machine
5393:Freedominfo.org
5391:
5387:
5377:
5375:
5366:
5365:
5361:
5351:
5349:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5322:on 4 April 2011
5314:
5313:
5309:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5254:
5252:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5223:
5219:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5182:
5180:
5179:on 4 March 2016
5176:
5165:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5145:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5116:
5112:
5095:
5091:
5074:
5070:
5060:
5058:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5022:
5018:
5008:
5006:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4991:Wayback Machine
4981:
4977:
4971:Wayback Machine
4962:
4958:
4950:
4946:
4938:
4934:
4926:
4922:
4916:Wayback Machine
4907:
4903:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4874:
4870:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4838:
4836:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4754:Wayback Machine
4745:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4682:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4622:
4615:
4613:
4606:"Archived copy"
4604:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4546:
4544:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4471:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4395:on 17 July 2011
4387:
4386:
4382:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4319:
4309:
4304:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4282:Wayback Machine
4272:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4234:
4229:
4220:
4215:
4208:
4203:
4190:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4143:Wayback Machine
4133:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4102:
4098:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4017:(in Croatian).
4005:
4004:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3784:on 5 March 2009
3776:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3731:. 10 March 2022
3725:"Austria | RSF"
3723:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3629:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3273:on 5 March 2012
3270:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3209:access-info.org
3203:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3134:Zev Yaroslavsky
3120:
3097:Open government
3052:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3028:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2846:
2838:
2803:
2797:
2769:
2763:
2742:
2736:
2720:
2704:
2698:
2689:
2673:
2661:
2653:
2637:
2593:
2587:
2521:
2512:
2500:
2483:
2477:
2468:
2462:
2453:
2441:
2431:In Serbia, the
2429:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2393:
2344:
2332:
2309:
2297:Rodrigo Duterte
2293:
2257:(Art. 13); The
2238:
2218:
2212:
2203:
2180:
2168:
2142:
2131:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2092:
2086:
2073:
2065:
2044:
2032:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2002:This article's
1998:
1994:
1987:
1985:North Macedonia
1963:
1954:
1941:
1922:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1832:
1801:
1789:
1731:
1725:
1713:
1689:
1665:
1656:
1624:
1618:
1590:Rheinland-Pfalz
1543:
1527:
1521:
1488:
1293:
1277:
1258:
1246:
1231:
1178:
1173:
1152:Guerra v. Italy
1140:
1132:decision-making
1124:
1099:
1083:
1067:
1051:
1037:
1028:
1015:
1006:
997:
976:
956:
937:
931:
911:
905:
889:
864:Law 190 of 1955
847:
835:
815:
803:
797:
794:
791:
782:
778:
771:
634:Crown copyright
595:
589:
569:
563:
560:
557:
548:
544:
537:
531:
519:
513:
488:
482:
474:
458:
450:
414:
402:
396:
376:: "In Austria,
363:
291:
283:
277:
265:
253:
247:
238:
227:
221:
218:
207:
195:
184:
153:burden of proof
146:data protection
111:
105:
99:
59:
53:
50:
47:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7383:
7381:
7373:
7372:
7370:Law by country
7367:
7362:
7357:
7347:
7346:
7340:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7286:
7284:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7248:
7246:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7197:
7195:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7166:
7160:
7154:
7148:
7142:
7137:
7131:
7126:
7120:
7114:
7108:
7102:
7096:
7090:
7084:
7078:
7073:
7067:
7062:
7056:
7050:
7044:
7038:
7033:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7009:
7003:
6997:
6991:
6986:
6979:
6977:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6942:Global Witness
6939:
6933:
6931:
6924:
6918:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6898:Gerrymandering
6895:
6890:
6885:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6858:
6857:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6815:Ghost soldiers
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6628:
6622:
6620:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6534:
6527:
6519:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6479:United Kingdom
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6416:
6410:
6409:
6396:
6388:
6387:External links
6385:
6383:
6382:
6368:
6348:
6339:|journal=
6300:
6281:
6264:
6240:
6222:
6211:. Cedom.gov.ar
6200:
6177:
6151:
6136:
6116:
6084:
6080:Verkhovna Rada
6073:(in Ukrainian)
6065:
6047:
6008:
5990:
5972:
5951:
5925:
5909:
5877:
5855:
5843:
5822:
5804:
5776:
5744:
5732:
5712:
5697:
5669:
5641:
5630:. 24 July 2016
5613:
5599:
5582:
5565:
5544:
5519:
5497:
5471:
5446:
5443:. 31 May 2011.
5428:
5403:
5385:
5359:
5333:
5307:
5289:
5284:Daily Observer
5271:
5262:
5240:
5217:
5190:
5153:
5142:. Meida.org.il
5140:"Meida.org.il"
5131:
5119:No. 30 of 2014
5110:
5089:
5068:
5043:
5028:
5016:
4994:
4975:
4956:
4944:
4932:
4920:
4901:
4880:
4868:
4846:
4820:
4798:
4776:
4758:
4739:
4725:
4705:
4691:
4663:
4652:on 24 May 2011
4637:
4612:on 20 May 2009
4597:
4575:
4554:
4543:on 11 May 2013
4528:
4517:
4506:on 11 May 2013
4491:
4480:
4469:
4449:
4428:
4406:
4380:
4367:
4345:
4331:
4286:
4253:
4244:
4232:
4218:
4206:
4188:
4179:
4165:
4156:
4147:
4127:
4118:
4109:
4096:
4083:
4069:
4040:
4031:
4019:Narodne novine
3998:
3973:
3948:
3926:
3904:
3887:
3865:
3854:on 7 June 2011
3839:
3813:
3795:
3769:
3742:
3716:
3691:
3666:
3644:
3607:
3585:
3563:
3538:
3527:on 21 May 2009
3512:
3490:
3468:
3421:
3395:
3383:"EU Law | IDP"
3374:
3352:
3311:
3304:
3284:
3252:
3226:
3196:
3170:
3158:austlii.edu.au
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3043:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2938:
2936:
2931:Cayman Islands
2927:
2921:
2918:David Thompson
2910:
2900:
2899:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2799:Main article:
2796:
2793:
2777:United Kingdom
2765:Main article:
2762:
2761:United Kingdom
2759:
2738:Main article:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2700:Main article:
2697:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2636:
2633:
2605:cantonal level
2589:Main article:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2499:
2496:
2479:Main article:
2476:
2473:
2464:Main article:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2425:Main article:
2422:
2419:
2410:
2407:
2395:Main article:
2392:
2389:
2343:
2340:
2331:
2328:
2308:
2305:
2292:
2289:
2270:Horacio Cartes
2237:
2234:
2214:Main article:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2179:
2176:
2167:
2164:
2130:
2127:
2117:
2114:
2106:Main article:
2103:
2100:
2088:Main article:
2085:
2082:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:Pakatan Rakyat
2043:
2040:
2028:Main article:
2024:
2023:
2001:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1940:
1937:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1891:
1890:
1871:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1831:
1828:
1800:
1797:
1788:
1785:
1727:Main article:
1724:
1721:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1698:
1688:
1685:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1620:Main article:
1617:
1614:
1598:Sachsen-Anhalt
1542:
1539:
1536:
1523:Main article:
1520:
1517:
1506:
1487:
1484:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1311:
1302:
1292:
1289:
1276:
1273:
1257:
1254:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:European Union
1169:
1139:
1136:
1123:
1120:
1108:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
993:
975:
972:
965:
960:Czech Republic
955:
954:Czech Republic
952:
933:Main article:
930:
927:
920:
907:Main article:
904:
901:
888:
885:
866:also known as
855:Law 57 of 1985
846:
843:
834:
831:
814:
811:
805:
804:
785:
783:
776:
770:
769:Cayman Islands
767:
749:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
668:
623:
609:Pierre Trudeau
606:
591:Main article:
588:
585:
582:
571:
570:
551:
549:
542:
533:Main article:
530:
527:
512:
509:
503:respectively.
502:
498:
493:
484:Main article:
481:
478:
473:
470:
467:
457:
454:
449:
446:
413:
410:
398:Main article:
395:
392:
362:
359:
358:
357:
356:
351:
350:
347:Victoria, the
345:
344:
341:Tasmania, the
339:
338:
333:
332:
327:
326:
321:
320:
315:
314:
302:
290:
287:
279:Main article:
276:
273:
264:
261:
249:Main article:
246:
243:
240:
239:
198:
196:
189:
183:
180:
101:Main article:
98:
95:
61:
60:
54:September 2015
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7382:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7279:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7241:International
7239:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7181:
7170:
7167:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7147:(South Korea)
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7121:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7060:
7057:
7054:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7031:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6974:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6930:International
6928:
6925:
6919:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6874:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6862:State capture
6860:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6805:Elite capture
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6617:
6614:
6612:of corruption
6608:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6540:
6535:
6533:
6528:
6526:
6521:
6520:
6517:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6492:
6491:United States
6489:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6437:
6432:
6430:
6425:
6423:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6407:
6403:
6400:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6386:
6371:
6369:9781139448925
6365:
6361:
6360:
6352:
6349:
6344:
6331:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6304:
6301:
6296:
6292:
6285:
6282:
6274:
6268:
6265:
6257:
6250:
6244:
6241:
6236:
6232:
6226:
6223:
6210:
6204:
6201:
6197:(2): 441–486.
6196:
6192:
6188:
6181:
6178:
6166:
6162:
6155:
6152:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6137:9781594445965
6133:
6129:
6128:
6120:
6117:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6069:
6066:
6063:(11 May 2011)
6062:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6012:
6009:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5991:
5986:
5985:Freedom House
5982:
5976:
5973:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5939:
5935:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5905:public domain
5887:
5881:
5878:
5865:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5847:
5844:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5808:
5805:
5797:
5793:
5786:
5780:
5777:
5761:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5706:
5701:
5698:
5686:
5685:government.pn
5679:
5673:
5670:
5658:
5657:government.pn
5651:
5645:
5642:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5592:
5586:
5583:
5575:
5569:
5566:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5507:
5501:
5498:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5472:
5460:
5456:
5450:
5447:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5417:
5416:ccrinepal.org
5413:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5389:
5386:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5321:
5317:
5311:
5308:
5303:
5302:allAfrica.com
5299:
5293:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5250:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5233:archive.today
5230:
5227:
5221:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5191:
5175:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5154:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5098:No. 9 of 2003
5093:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5039:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5017:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4936:
4933:
4930:: RTI Online.
4929:
4928:RTI Act, 2005
4924:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4905:
4902:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4869:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4809:. Althingi.is
4808:
4802:
4799:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4771:Freedom House
4768:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4743:
4740:
4728:
4726:963-8454-58-X
4722:
4718:
4717:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4685:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4521:
4518:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4368:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4314:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3810:archive.today
3807:
3804:
3803:Belize.gov.bz
3799:
3796:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3743:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3705:
3704:Freedom House
3701:
3695:
3692:
3680:
3679:Freedom House
3676:
3670:
3667:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3618:
3611:
3608:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3422:
3410:on 7 May 2008
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3305:9780313334788
3301:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3285:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3171:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3124:David Banisar
3122:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Right to know
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3044:
3041:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2893:November 2019
2884:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2858:Robert Mugabe
2855:
2851:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2795:United States
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2695:
2693:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2516:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2459:
2457:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:The state of
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2020:
2017:February 2017
2008:
2006:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1887:
1875:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1813:public bodies
1810:
1806:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1684:
1683:information.
1681:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1662:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1643:regulations.
1640:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:Julkisuuslaki
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1275:Personal data
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:In addition,
1228:
1226:
1224:
1223:General Court
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1116:legal persons
1113:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1012:
1010:
1003:
1001:
994:
992:
990:
985:
981:
973:
971:
969:
963:
961:
953:
951:
948:
945:
941:
936:
928:
926:
924:
918:
916:
910:
902:
900:
898:
894:
886:
884:
880:
877:
872:
869:
865:
862:statement of
861:
856:
852:
844:
842:
840:
832:
830:
828:
824:
820:
812:
810:
801:
798:February 2010
789:
784:
775:
774:
768:
766:
764:
759:
756:
754:
746:
742:
739:
735:
732:
728:
725:
721:
718:
714:
711:
707:
705:
702:
699:
695:
692:
688:
685:
684:New Brunswick
681:
678:
674:
672:
669:
666:
662:
661:
660:
658:
657:
652:
651:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
619:
616:
614:
610:
605:
602:
600:
594:
586:
584:
580:
578:
567:
564:February 2017
555:
550:
541:
540:
536:
528:
526:
524:
518:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
487:
479:
477:
471:
469:
465:
463:
455:
453:
447:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
411:
409:
407:
401:
393:
391:
389:
386:
381:
379:
378:press freedom
375:
371:
370:Freedom House
368:
360:
354:
352:
348:
346:
342:
340:
336:
334:
330:
328:
324:
322:
318:
316:
312:
310:
309:
308:
305:
301:
298:
296:
288:
286:
282:
274:
272:
270:
262:
260:
258:
252:
244:
236:
233:
225:
222:February 2010
215:
211:
205:
204:
199:This section
197:
193:
188:
187:
181:
179:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
138:open meetings
134:
130:
126:
124:
120:
117:legislation.
116:
110:
104:
96:
94:
92:
88:
87:United States
84:
83:sunshine laws
80:
75:
71:
67:
57:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
7216:
7072:(Madagascar)
6996:(Bangladesh)
6903:Vote pairing
6855:Rent-setting
6850:Rent-seeking
6810:Failed state
6710:Match fixing
6680:Embezzlement
6659:Corporation
6631:Black market
6503:
6442:
6373:. Retrieved
6358:
6351:
6330:cite journal
6303:
6295:Lawyer Issue
6294:
6284:
6267:
6256:the original
6249:"FOI.gov.ky"
6243:
6235:the original
6225:
6213:. Retrieved
6203:
6194:
6190:
6180:
6168:. Retrieved
6164:
6154:
6126:
6119:
6107:. Retrieved
6097:
6087:
6068:
6058:
6050:
6018:
6011:
6002:
5993:
5984:
5975:
5963:. Retrieved
5954:
5942:. Retrieved
5937:
5928:
5912:
5890:. Retrieved
5880:
5868:. Retrieved
5858:
5846:
5834:. Retrieved
5825:
5807:
5796:the original
5791:
5779:
5767:. Retrieved
5760:the original
5747:
5735:
5719:
5715:
5700:
5688:. Retrieved
5684:
5672:
5660:. Retrieved
5656:
5644:
5632:. Retrieved
5625:
5616:
5602:
5585:
5568:
5556:. Retrieved
5547:
5535:. Retrieved
5522:
5510:. Retrieved
5500:
5488:. Retrieved
5484:the original
5474:
5462:. Retrieved
5458:
5449:
5440:
5431:
5419:. Retrieved
5415:
5406:
5388:
5376:. Retrieved
5372:the original
5362:
5350:. Retrieved
5346:the original
5336:
5324:. Retrieved
5320:the original
5310:
5301:
5292:
5283:
5274:
5265:
5253:. Retrieved
5243:
5220:
5206:(1): 71–79.
5203:
5199:
5193:
5181:. Retrieved
5174:the original
5169:
5156:
5144:. Retrieved
5134:
5113:
5092:
5071:
5059:. Retrieved
5055:
5046:
5031:
5019:
5007:. Retrieved
5005:. Rti.gov.in
4997:
4978:
4959:
4947:
4940:GetUp4Change
4935:
4923:
4904:
4892:. Retrieved
4883:
4871:
4859:. Retrieved
4849:
4837:. Retrieved
4833:the original
4823:
4811:. Retrieved
4801:
4789:. Retrieved
4779:
4770:
4761:
4742:
4730:. Retrieved
4715:
4708:
4698:
4694:
4688:(in Finnish)
4654:. Retrieved
4650:the original
4640:
4614:. Retrieved
4610:the original
4600:
4588:. Retrieved
4578:
4566:. Retrieved
4557:
4545:. Retrieved
4541:the original
4531:
4520:
4508:. Retrieved
4504:the original
4494:
4483:
4472:
4452:
4440:. Retrieved
4431:
4419:. Retrieved
4409:
4397:. Retrieved
4393:the original
4383:
4370:
4358:. Retrieved
4348:
4334:
4322:|title=
4302:the original
4294:
4289:
4247:
4182:
4159:
4150:
4130:
4121:
4112:
4099:
4086:
4077:
4072:
4060:. Retrieved
4055:
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4014:
4001:
3989:. Retrieved
3985:
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3951:
3939:. Retrieved
3937:(in Spanish)
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3907:
3896:"Law 20,285"
3890:
3882:the original
3877:
3868:
3856:. Retrieved
3852:the original
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3826:the original
3816:
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3782:the original
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3755:
3745:
3733:. Retrieved
3728:
3719:
3707:. Retrieved
3703:
3694:
3682:. Retrieved
3678:
3669:
3657:. Retrieved
3647:
3621:. Retrieved
3610:
3598:. Retrieved
3588:
3576:. Retrieved
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3541:
3529:. Retrieved
3525:the original
3515:
3503:. Retrieved
3493:
3481:. Retrieved
3471:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3412:. Retrieved
3408:the original
3398:
3386:. Retrieved
3377:
3365:. Retrieved
3355:
3343:. Retrieved
3336:the original
3331:
3327:
3314:
3294:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3268:the original
3255:
3243:. Retrieved
3239:the original
3229:
3217:. Retrieved
3213:the original
3208:
3199:
3189:25 September
3187:. Retrieved
3183:
3178:Doss, Eric.
3173:
3161:. Retrieved
3157:
3148:
3087:Need to know
2890:
2882:
2847:
2839:
2823:
2819:Bill Clinton
2804:
2770:
2755:
2751:
2746:Constitution
2743:
2721:
2705:
2690:
2674:
2662:
2654:
2638:
2594:
2557:
2545:
2540:
2522:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2484:
2475:South Africa
2469:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2412:
2403:sunshine law
2400:
2384:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2345:
2336:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2310:
2294:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2247:
2239:
2227:
2219:
2204:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2181:
2169:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2119:
2111:
2096:
2093:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2045:
2036:
2033:
2014:
2003:
1964:
1955:
1948:in 15 days.
1946:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1911:
1894:
1881:
1873:
1840:
1833:
1824:
1821:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1732:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1625:
1554:Bundesländer
1551:
1544:
1528:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1495:
1489:
1476:
1472:
1418:
1377:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1313:
1304:
1294:
1278:
1259:
1247:
1232:
1196:
1179:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1125:
1100:
1084:
1068:
1058:
1052:
1038:
1029:
1016:
1007:
998:
977:
967:
957:
949:
946:
942:
938:
922:
912:
890:
887:Cook Islands
881:
876:constitution
873:
867:
863:
854:
848:
836:
826:
823:Constitution
816:
808:
795:
787:
760:
757:
750:
731:Saskatchewan
654:
648:
642:
625:
617:
596:
574:
561:
553:
520:
505:
489:
475:
459:
451:
415:
403:
382:
364:
306:
292:
284:
266:
254:
228:
219:
208:Please help
203:verification
200:
166:In 2015 The
165:
160:
156:
150:
137:
135:
131:
127:
112:
97:Introduction
82:
79:open records
78:
73:
65:
64:
51:
43:
26:
7245:and efforts
7243:instruments
7194:enforcement
7136:(Singapore)
7049:(Indonesia)
6985:(Argentina)
6867:State crime
6825:Mafia state
6820:Kleptocracy
6785:Clientelism
6752:Tax evasion
6635:Grey market
6474:Philippines
6469:New Zealand
6393:Freedominfo
6109:28 November
4829:"home page"
4732:24 November
4656:29 November
4399:29 November
4024:29 November
4015:NN 172/2003
3919:29 November
3758:(in German)
3659:29 November
3623:29 November
3600:29 November
3578:29 November
3556:29 November
3505:29 November
3483:29 November
3441:: 106–119.
3367:11 November
2815:Ralph Nader
2585:Switzerland
2498:South Korea
2299:signed the
2291:Philippines
2285:Habeas Data
2265:(Art. 13).
2166:New Zealand
2160:unsolicited
2143: [
2129:Netherlands
1979:West Africa
1764:Maharashtra
1566:Brandenburg
1404:harmed (21)
1188:Article 15
1181:Article 42
1087:El Salvador
1081:El Salvador
650:Privacy Act
626:Privacy Act
621:Privacy Act
517:habeas data
430:Vision 2021
7349:Categories
7320:Yo Soy 132
7165:(Tanzania)
7095:(Pakistan)
7008:(Cameroon)
6835:Plutocracy
6790:Coronelism
6747:Slush fund
6546:Corruption
6399:Right2Info
5944:21 October
5892:8 February
5870:12 October
5724:Portuguese
5459:Lovdata.no
5352:5 November
5123:Oireachtas
5102:Oireachtas
5081:Oireachtas
5061:1 December
5024:RTI Portal
4756:(in Greek)
4460:; for the
3832:18 January
3788:29 October
3531:24 October
3141:References
3054:Law portal
3005:Mozambique
2789:Tony Blair
2439:Seychelles
2381:2003/98/EC
2220:President
2102:Montenegro
1965:President
1744:Tamil Nadu
1739:Parliament
1144:Article 10
1013:Exceptions
860:corruption
515:See also:
412:Bangladesh
406:Azerbaijan
394:Azerbaijan
385:parliament
107:See also:
7360:Data laws
7283:movements
7203:(pending)
7171:(Vietnam)
7159:(Ukraine)
7119:(Romania)
7113:(Romania)
7089:(Nigeria)
7083:(Myanmar)
7061:(Liberia)
7032:(Croatia)
7002:(Burundi)
6876:Elections
6757:Tax haven
6685:Extortion
6645:Collusion
6626:Baksheesh
6504:Elsewhere
6170:6 January
6146:138363823
6060:Kyiv Post
6036:cite book
6022:. Odesa.
5464:24 August
4964:RTINation
4952:OnlineRTI
4909:RTI India
4616:14 August
4590:13 August
3991:7 October
3966:7 October
3762:6 October
3735:6 October
3709:6 October
3684:6 October
3463:230563404
3455:0811-1146
3345:1 October
3019:Sri Lanka
2994:Mauritius
2960:Indonesia
2907:Argentina
2744:The 1996
2621:Nidwalden
2510:Sri Lanka
2492:privately
2377:2003/4/EC
1756:Karnataka
1752:Rajasthan
1669:Hong Kong
1663:Hong Kong
1606:Thüringen
1157:Article 8
1035:Revisions
1004:Procedure
984:Folketing
851:Colombian
761:In 2009,
295:Australia
289:Australia
269:Argentina
263:Argentina
7192:Laws and
7125:(Russia)
7107:(Poland)
7055:(Latvia)
7014:(China)
6976:National
6830:Nepotism
6800:Cronyism
6705:Kickback
6484:Scotland
6402:Archived
6099:BBC News
5815:Archived
5690:31 March
5662:31 March
5558:12 April
5537:12 April
5396:Archived
5229:Archived
5183:23 March
4987:Archived
4967:Archived
4912:Archived
4750:Archived
4626:cite web
4313:cite web
4278:Archived
4139:Archived
4062:18 April
3941:30 March
3806:Archived
3633:cite web
3219:31 March
3026:See also
2924:Botswana
2914:Barbados
2850:Zimbabwe
2844:Zimbabwe
2659:Thailand
2651:Tanzania
2625:Obwalden
2460:Slovenia
2451:Slovakia
2342:Portugal
2242:Paraguay
2236:Paraguay
2210:Pakistan
2063:Maldives
2048:Selangor
2042:Malaysia
1884:May 2022
1762:(2001),
1758:(2000),
1754:(2000),
1750:(1997),
1746:(1997),
1594:Saarland
1217:and the
845:Colombia
677:Manitoba
577:Bulgaria
529:Bulgaria
85:(in the
7281:Protest
7153:(Spain)
7043:(India)
6742:Scandal
6640:Bribery
6619:General
6322:1707336
5965:12 June
5836:12 June
5769:12 June
5634:24 July
5421:3 April
5326:1 April
4894:12 June
4839:12 June
4378:Jambrek
4360:6 March
3729:rsf.org
3414:12 June
3388:3 April
3163:5 March
3107:Secrecy
2987:Lesotho
2929:In the
2883:updated
2836:Uruguay
2734:Ukraine
2687:Tunisia
2643:of the
2629:Thurgau
2617:Lucerne
2553:Riksdag
2537:Swedish
2391:Romania
2178:Nigeria
2156:wobbing
2084:Moldova
1971:Liberia
1961:Liberia
1908:Jamaica
1874:updated
1805:Ireland
1799:Ireland
1717:Iceland
1711:Iceland
1693:Hungary
1687:Hungary
1636:private
1574:Hamburg
1547:Germany
1541:Germany
1531:Georgia
1519:Georgia
1318:Finnish
1297:Finland
1291:Finland
1103:Estonia
1097:Estonia
1071:Ecuador
1065:Ecuador
1026:Appeals
974:Denmark
958:In the
915:Croatia
903:Croatia
788:updated
717:Ontario
710:Nunavut
665:Alberta
630:privacy
554:updated
448:Belgium
436:of the
361:Austria
275:Armenia
257:Albania
245:Albania
142:privacy
44:updated
7070:BIANCO
6459:France
6454:Canada
6375:14 May
6366:
6320:
6215:13 May
6144:
6134:
5512:13 May
5490:13 May
5378:13 May
5255:14 May
5146:13 May
5009:14 May
4861:13 May
4813:13 May
4791:13 May
4723:
4568:13 May
4547:14 May
4510:14 May
4442:13 May
4421:13 May
3858:13 May
3461:
3453:
3302:
3277:13 May
3245:13 May
3118:People
2969:Jordan
2951:, the
2933:, the
2852:, the
2726:, the
2724:Uganda
2718:Uganda
2710:, the
2708:Turkey
2696:Turkey
2635:Taiwan
2613:Glarus
2527:, the
2525:Sweden
2519:Sweden
2421:Serbia
2409:Rwanda
2330:Poland
2250:Amparo
2201:Norway
2071:Mexico
2053:Penang
1975:Africa
1939:Latvia
1844:shekel
1836:Israel
1830:Israel
1695:, the
1654:Guyana
1628:Greece
1616:Greece
1570:Bremen
1562:Berlin
1492:France
1486:France
1299:, the
1213:, the
1209:, the
1205:, the
1122:Europe
1105:, the
1089:, the
1073:, the
980:Danish
962:, the
929:Cyprus
917:, the
738:Quebec
601:, the
599:Canada
587:Canada
579:, the
523:Brazil
511:Brazil
472:Bhutan
464:, the
462:Belize
456:Belize
297:, the
168:UNESCO
161:asking
119:Sweden
7030:USKOK
6778:State
6690:Fraud
6668:Shell
6663:Dummy
6464:India
6276:(PDF)
6259:(PDF)
6252:(PDF)
6165:Wired
5799:(PDF)
5788:(PDF)
5763:(PDF)
5756:(PDF)
5681:(PDF)
5653:(PDF)
5594:(PDF)
5577:(PDF)
5531:(PDF)
5177:(PDF)
5166:(PDF)
4305:(PDF)
3960:(PDF)
3899:(PDF)
3550:(PDF)
3459:S2CID
3339:(PDF)
3324:(PDF)
3271:(PDF)
3264:(PDF)
3012:Nauru
2980:Kenya
2949:Ghana
2150:, or
2147:]
2116:Nepal
1952:Malta
1926:Japan
1920:Japan
1855:Italy
1760:Delhi
1723:India
1578:Hesse
995:Scope
833:China
819:Chile
813:Chile
745:Yukon
157:asked
81:, or
6377:2014
6364:ISBN
6343:help
6318:SSRN
6217:2014
6172:2016
6142:OCLC
6132:ISBN
6111:2010
6042:link
5967:2016
5946:2018
5894:2022
5872:2015
5838:2016
5771:2016
5722:(in
5692:2018
5664:2018
5636:2016
5560:2013
5539:2013
5514:2014
5492:2014
5466:2018
5423:2019
5380:2014
5354:2011
5328:2011
5257:2014
5185:2015
5148:2014
5063:2023
5011:2014
4896:2016
4863:2014
4841:2016
4815:2014
4793:2014
4734:2014
4721:ISBN
4658:2010
4632:link
4618:2008
4592:2016
4570:2014
4549:2014
4512:2014
4462:EEAS
4456:See
4444:2014
4423:2014
4401:2010
4362:2019
4326:help
4064:2017
4026:2010
3993:2015
3968:2015
3943:2013
3921:2010
3860:2014
3834:2010
3790:2008
3764:2023
3737:2023
3711:2023
3686:2023
3661:2010
3639:link
3625:2010
3602:2010
3580:2010
3558:2010
3533:2012
3507:2010
3485:2010
3451:ISSN
3416:2016
3390:2019
3369:2016
3347:2010
3300:ISBN
3279:2014
3247:2014
3221:2018
3191:2020
3165:2016
2998:2005
2942:Fiji
2771:The
2627:and
2379:and
2375:no.
2346:The
2322:The
1811:and
1787:Iran
1733:The
1604:and
1469:(26)
1443:(12)
1439:(11)
1203:EESC
1190:TFEU
1186:and
1162:The
1114:and
849:The
499:and
432:, a
7047:KPK
6310:doi
6024:doi
6003:D+C
5726:).
5208:doi
3443:doi
3017:In
3010:In
3003:In
2992:In
2985:In
2978:In
2967:In
2958:In
2947:In
2940:In
2912:In
2905:In
2848:In
2722:In
2706:In
2675:In
2645:ROC
2543:).
2523:In
2405:).
2387:).
2152:Wob
1924:In
1834:In
1803:In
1748:Goa
1715:In
1691:In
1667:In
1626:In
1545:In
1529:In
1490:In
1431:(6)
1387:(3)
1383:(2)
1295:In
1271:).
1219:ECB
1207:CoR
1183:CFR
1101:In
1085:In
1069:In
913:In
817:In
597:In
575:In
521:In
460:In
426:A2i
404:In
367:NGO
293:In
267:In
255:In
212:by
144:or
121:'s
7351::
6633:/
6334::
6332:}}
6328:{{
6316:.
6293:.
6195:20
6193:.
6189:.
6163:.
6140:.
6102:.
6096:.
6078:,
6057:,
6038:}}
6034:{{
6001:.
5983:.
5936:.
5919:,
5790:.
5707:.
5683:.
5655:.
5624:.
5457:.
5439:.
5414:.
5300:.
5282:.
5235:,
5204:10
5202:.
5168:.
5054:.
4769:.
4666:^
4628:}}
4624:{{
4317::
4315:}}
4311:{{
4256:^
4235:^
4221:^
4209:^
4191:^
4168:^
4054:.
4043:^
4013:.
3984:.
3876:.
3754:.
3727:.
3702:.
3677:.
3635:}}
3631:{{
3457:.
3449:.
3439:39
3437:.
3433:.
3330:.
3326:.
3207:.
3182:.
3156:.
2787:.
2683:.
2667:.
2623:,
2619:,
2615:,
2611:,
2555:.
2539::
2145:nl
2125:.
2059:.
1916:.
1851:.
1819:.
1650:.
1600:,
1596:,
1592:,
1588:,
1584:,
1580:,
1576:,
1572:,
1568:,
1564:,
1560:,
1537:.
1500:.
1320::
1225:.
899:.
755:.
640:.
615:.
444:.
178:.
6538:e
6531:t
6524:v
6435:e
6428:t
6421:v
6379:.
6345:)
6341:(
6324:.
6312::
6297:.
6278:.
6219:.
6174:.
6148:.
6113:.
6044:)
6030:.
6026::
5987:.
5969:.
5948:.
5907:.
5896:.
5874:.
5840:.
5773:.
5730:.
5694:.
5666:.
5638:.
5610:.
5596:.
5579:.
5562:.
5541:.
5516:.
5494:.
5468:.
5425:.
5382:.
5356:.
5330:.
5259:.
5214:.
5210::
5187:.
5150:.
5129:.
5108:.
5087:.
5065:.
5040:.
5013:.
4898:.
4865:.
4843:.
4817:.
4795:.
4773:.
4736:.
4660:.
4634:)
4620:.
4594:.
4572:.
4551:.
4514:.
4446:.
4425:.
4403:.
4364:.
4328:)
4324:(
4284:.
4145:.
4107:.
4094:.
4066:.
4028:.
3995:.
3970:.
3945:.
3923:.
3862:.
3836:.
3792:.
3766:.
3739:.
3713:.
3688:.
3663:.
3641:)
3627:.
3604:.
3582:.
3560:.
3535:.
3509:.
3487:.
3465:.
3445::
3418:.
3392:.
3371:.
3349:.
3332:2
3308:.
3281:.
3249:.
3223:.
3193:.
3167:.
2895:)
2891:(
2885:.
2019:)
2015:(
2009:.
1886:)
1882:(
1556:—
1507:(
1312:(
1303:(
1057:(
966:(
921:(
800:)
796:(
790:.
747:)
740:)
733:)
726:)
719:)
712:)
700:)
693:)
686:)
679:)
667:)
566:)
562:(
556:.
235:)
229:(
224:)
220:(
206:.
56:)
52:(
46:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.