456:
1699:. Twelve of the Grand Prix which were slightly less prestigious than the first nine events were renamed as the "Championship Series â Double Week" (meaning in most cases, 2 of those tournaments occurred the same week). Winning a Super Nine tournament was worth roughly half the points (370) of winning a Grand Slam tournament (750), while Championship Series tournaments were worth as much as 360 points depending on the total prize money. The format continued until 2000, at which time the Super Nine were renamed the Masters Series (the winner being awarded 500 points), occupying the rank below the Grand Slams (1000 points for the winner), and the Championship Series was renamed to simply the International Series Gold (worth 250 to 300 points for the winner). In 2000, the Grand Slam tournaments and the Masters Series tournaments became mandatory professional events if a player's ranking qualifies them for the tournament. Players were automatically entered and Masters and Slam events became the baseline for player rankings with up to an additional 5 tournaments also counted (18 in all plus the ATP Finals if they qualify). Before 2000, a players' best 14 tournaments were counted towards the ATP Point Rankings.
572:
mistakenly said to have played the first tennis game in the U.S. against her sister Laura in Staten Island, New York on an hourglass-shaped court. However, all this would have been impossible, as the tennis equipment she is said to have brought back from
Bermuda was not available in Bermuda until 1875, and her next trip to Bermuda, when it was available there, was in 1877. In fact, lawn tennis was first introduced in the United States on a grass court on Col. William Appleton's Estate in Nahant, Massachusetts by Dr. James Dwight ("the Father of American Lawn Tennis"), Henry Slocum, Richard Dudley Sears and Sears' half-brother Fred Sears, in 1874.
1543:. The International Lawn Tennis Federation, alarmed by the control of the promoters, approved Kramer's Grand Prix. Twenty-seven tournaments, including the three Grand Slams (French Open, Wimbledon and US Open), were played that year, with Stockholm tournament ending on 1 November. The independent professional players along with a few contract players, entered the Grand Prix circuit. Contract players could play Grand Prix events provided their contracts allowed it, and that they had adequate time apart from their own circuit.
329:
317:
1356:
1718:. The numbers in the tournament type name indicate the winners' ranking points. By way of comparison, a winner of one of the four Grand Slam tournaments is awarded 2000 points. In 2009, a greater emphasis began to be placed on winning a tournament, as the points awarded to the runner-up dropped from 70% of the champion's points to 60% (i.e. from 700 points to 600 points in a Masters 1000 event). Points also began to be awarded for Davis Cup singles play.
532:, Wales in 1874, but research has demonstrated that even his game was not likely played during that country weekend in Wales. He had likely based his game on both the evolving sport of outdoor tennis and on real tennis. Much of modern tennis terminology also derives from this period, for Wingfield and others borrowed both the name and much of the French vocabulary of real tennis, and applied them to their variations of real tennis. In the scholarly work
441:
195:
305:
240:, a game that evolved over three centuries from an earlier ball game played around the 12th century in France that involved hitting a ball with a bare hand and later with a glove. By the 16th century the glove had become a racquet, the game had moved to an enclosed playing area and the rules had stabilized. Real tennis spread in popularity throughout royalty in Europe, reaching its peak in the 16th century.
1141:
4430:
4419:
1908:
30:
4440:
506:
believed, mistakenly, that
Wingfield obtained a patent on the game he devised to be played on that type of court, but in fact Wingfield never applied for nor received a patent on his game, although he did obtain a copyright â but not a patent â on his rules for playing it. And, after a running series of articles and letters in the British sporting magazine
1535:. . . a series of tournaments with a money bonus pool that would be split up on the basis of a cumulative point system. This would encourage the best players to compete regularly in the series, so that they could share in the bonus at the end and qualify for a special championship tournament that would climax the year.
540:
tennis. The service had to be made from a diamond-shaped box in the middle of one side of the court only, and the service had to bounce beyond the service line instead of in front of it. He adopted the rackets-based system of scoring where games consisted of 15 points (called 'aces'). None of these quirks survived the
528:, that is, "sphere-istic", an ancient Greek adjective meaning "of or pertaining to use of a ball, globe or sphere"), which was soon corrupted to "sticky". Wingfield claimed that he had invented his version of the game for the amusement of his guests at a weekend garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in
1643:
In 1978 the ILTF Grand Prix and WCT circuits merged. However, In 1982, the WCT circuit separated again and created a more complex WCT ranking, similar to the ATP ranking. The WCT was not as successful in the 1980s, and the Grand Prix circuit became the primary circuit. The Grand Prix's governance was
1611:
from 1973 Wimbledon, due to Pilic's alleged refusal to play in
Yugoslavia's Davis Cup tie against New Zealand. In retaliation, 81 out of 84 of Pilic's fellow players who were ATP members, boycotted 1973 Wimbledon in response, stating that professional players should have the right of deciding whether
571:
and introduced lawn tennis to the United States, setting up supposedly the first tennis court in the United States on the grounds of the Staten Island
Cricket and Baseball Club, which was near where the Staten Island Ferry Terminal is today. The club was founded on or about 22 March 1872. She is also
505:
designed an hourglass-shaped tennis court in order to obtain a patent on his court (as the rectangular court was already in use and was unpatentable). A temporary patent on this hourglass-shaped court was granted to him in
February, 1874, which he never renewed when it expired in 1877. It is commonly
455:
165:
Open Era, the establishment of an international professional tennis circuit, and revenues from the sale of television rights, tennis's popularity has spread worldwide, and the sport has shed its upper/middle-class
English-speaking image (although it is acknowledged that this stereotype still exists).
64:
Most rules of (lawn) tennis derive from this precursor and it is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game. Most historians believe that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century, but the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand, hence
966:
was first played in 1905 as The
Australasian (Australia and New Zealand) Championships. Because of its geographic remoteness, historically, the event did not gain attendance from the top tennis players. It became one of the major tennis tournaments starting in 1924 (designated by the ILTF). In 1927,
598:
The reason for the numbering of scores being "15", "30" and "40" is unknown. Historical sources suggest the system was originally 15, 30, 45 with the 45 simplified to 40 over time. Common theories are that it originated from the quarters of a clock, or from gambling stakes or just a trick from royal
1380:
that plagues high-class tennis. It is well known that amateurs bargain for â and receive â exorbitant expenses to compete at many tournaments. "We must take action on our own account to make the game honest", said Derek Penmam of the
British association. "For too long now we have been governed by a
467:
recalled that in 1767 "in the summer we had another club, which met at the Red House in
Battersea fields, nearly opposite Ranelagh.... The game we played was an invention of our own, and called field tennis, which afforded noble exercise.... The field, which was of sixteen acres in extent, was kept
1825:
cigarettes. In 1971 and 1972, the WT Women's Pro Tour offered nearly 10 times the prize money of other pro women's tennis events. The USLTA initially would not sanction the tour; however, the two groups determined to give
Virginia Slims the individual events, and the USLTA the tour, thus resolving
1551:
The first WCT tournaments were held in February 1968 and the first NTL tournaments in March 1969. In July 1970, the WCT absorbed the NTL. At the end of 1970, a panel of journalists ranked the players, leading the WCT to send invitations to the 32 top men to play the 1971 WCT circuit: among the 32,
1572:
stayed independent. In 1971, the WCT ran 20 tournaments, and concluded the year with the WCT Finals. In 1971, the majority of the best players still mainly played the WCT circuit. Thus, the 1971 Australian Open was a WCT competition whereas the French Open, Wimbledon and U.S. Open were ILTF Grand
594:
The origin of the use of love for zero is disputed. It is ascribed to derive from l'Ćuf, French for "the egg", traditionally representing the shape of a zero. Another possibility is that it derives from the Dutch expression "iets voor lof doen", which means to do something for praise, implying no
164:
In 1968 commercial pressures and rumours of some amateurs taking money under the table led to the abandonment of this distinction, inaugurating the Open Era, in which all players could compete in all tournaments and top players were able to make their living from tennis. With the beginning of the
1284:
but only 9 tournament matches. Joe McCauley determined that for 1952, only 7 professional tournaments were played by the top international players, and 2 other professional tournaments (the British Pro and the German Pro) were reserved for domestic players. Only during the 1960s did professional
552:
for the first Lawn Tennis Championship, at Wimbledon in 1877 (the men who devised those rules were members of both clubs). Wingfield does deserve great credit for popularizing the game of lawn tennis, as he marketed, in one boxed set, all the equipment needed to play his or other versions of it,
539:
Wingfield did patent his hourglass court in 1874, but not his eight-page rule book titled "Sphairistike or Lawn Tennis", but he failed in enforcing his patent. In his version, the game was played on an hourglass-shaped court, and the net was higher (4 feet 8 inches) than it is in official lawn
663:
in 1877 to raise money for the club. The first Championships were contested by 22 men and the winner received a Silver Gilt Cup proclaiming the winner to be "The All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Champion of the World". The first Championships culminated a significant debate on how to
664:
standardize the rules. The following year, it was recognized as the official British Championships, although it was open to international competitors. In 1884 the Ladies Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles Championships were inaugurated, followed by the Ladies and Mixed Doubles in 1913.
1848:. From 1984 to 1998, the finals matches of the championship event were best-of-five, uniquely among women's tournaments. In 1999, the finals reverted to best-of-three. The WTA Tour Championships are generally considered to be the women's fifth most prestigious event (after the four
3421:'Yes, "open" tennis has come at last and Bournemouth has been entrusted with the task of a world shaking launching,' said the programme notes for the 1968 Hard Court Championships of Great Britain, which brought an end to the sport's segregation of amateur and professional players.
277:
granted a constitution to the Corporation of Tennis Professionals in 1571, creating the first pro tennis 'tour', establishing three professional levels: apprentice, associate, and master. A professional named Forbet wrote and published the first codification of the rules in 1599.
1581:) complicated matters further with a third professional tour, the U.S. Indoor Circuit. In 1972, the conflict between the ILTF and the WCT culminated in the ILTF banning the contract professional players from all ILTF Grand Prix events between January and July, which included the
1276:. Vines probably never entered a tournament in 1937 and 1938. In 1937, Vines played 70 matches on two tours and no tournament matches. Even in the 1950s, some professionals continued to play tour matches. During his first five months as a professional (January through May 1957),
370:. Giovanni Andrea dell'Anguillara translated it into Italian in 1561 and replaced the ancient game of discus in the original text with pallacorda or tennis, which had achieved a high status at the courts in the middle of the 16th century. Tiepolo's painting, displayed at the
967:
because of New Zealand tennis authorities releasing their commitments to the tournament, it became known as the Australian Championships. For most of the 1970s and the early 1980s, the event lacked participation from top ranked tennis professionals. Since its move to
757:
won the singles match. There was also a doubles match which was won by a local pair. There were different rules at each club. The ball in Boston was larger than the one normally used in NY. On 21 May 1881, the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (now the
536:, Heiner Gillmeister reveals that on 8 December 1874, Wingfield had written to Harry Gem, commenting that he had been experimenting with his version of lawn tennis for a year and a half. Gem himself had largely credited Perera with the invention of the game.
1576:
By then, the rivalry between the two groups became so intense that Rosewall, Gimeno, Laver, Emerson and some other WCT players boycotted the 1971 US Open (although Newcombe played and lost in the first round to Kodes). Bill Riordan (the future manager of
1131:
The tournament initially was known as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge. It was renamed the Davis Cup following the death of Dwight Davis in 1945. The tournament has vastly expanded and, on its 100th anniversary in 1999, 130 nations competed.
1245:
under contract to Charles C. Pyle. The main events of the professional circuit comprised head-to-head competition and by-invitation Pro Championships, which were the equivalent of the Grand Slam tournaments on the professional circuit.
1263:
In the years before the Open Era, professionals often played more frequently on head-to-head tours than in tournaments because tours paid much better than tournaments and the number of professional tournaments was small. For example,
1371:
tournaments agreed to allow professional players to compete with amateurs. Before 1968, only amateurs were allowed to compete in Grand Slam tournaments and other events organized or sanctioned by the ILTF, including the Davis Cup.
1896:. The building contains a large collection of memorabilia as well as honoring prominent players and others. Each year, a grass-court tournament takes place on its grounds, as well as an induction ceremony honoring new members.
584:
Tennis comes from the French tenez, the formal imperative form of the verb tenir, to hold, meaning "hold!", "receive!" or "take!", an interjection used as a call from the server to his opponent to indicate that he is about to
177:
term Tenez, which can be translated as 'hold!', 'receive!' or 'take!', a call from the server to his opponent indicating that he is about to serve. The first known appearance of the word in English literature is by poet
1163:
The same year, tennis withdrew from the Olympics after the 1924 Games but returned 60 years later as a 21-and-under demonstration event in 1984. This reinstatement was credited by the efforts by the then ITF President
152:
created the first professional tennis tour in 1926, with a group of American and French tennis players playing exhibition matches to paying audiences. The most notable of these early professionals were the American
120:) was a pivotal event during the first days of the French Revolution; it was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789.
1955:
The first known instance of the word tennis in the English language dates to 1396 when a William Terrey had to appear before the burghmote of Canterbury for allowing people to play le Closhe and le Tenesse on his
1236:
Before the Open Era, the leading professional players were under contract with a professional promoter who controlled their appearances. For example, in 1926, Lenglen and Richards toured North America along with
553:
equipment that had been available previously only at several different outlets. Because of this convenience, versions of the game spread like wildfire in Britain, and by 1875 lawn tennis had virtually supplanted
126:'s Rules of Lawn Tennis have been official, with periodic slight modifications, ever since 1875. Those rules were adopted by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club for the first lawn tennis championship,
1826:
the conflict. In 1973, the U.S. Open made history by offering equal prize money to men and women. Billie Jean King, the most visible advocate for the women's cause, earned over $ 100,000 in 1971 and 1972.
2582:
1249:
Suzanne Lenglen was the leading player in the first year of the professional circuit, and after she retired in February 1927, few female players played on the professional circuit before the Open Era.
1205:
as part of the ITF's 50th anniversary celebrations; it involved 16 countries and was played over one week. By the 1990s, over 70 nations competed each year, and regional qualifiers were introduced in
638:. Since the mid-1920s they became and have remained the more prestigious events in tennis. Winning these four tournaments in the same year is called the Calendar Grand Slam (a term borrowed from
186:
and composed in 1400; "Of the tenetz to winne or lese a chase, Mai no lif wite er that the bal be ronne". (Whether a chase is won or lost at tennis, Nobody can know until the ball is run).
1294:
879:
dates to 1891 as the Championat de France International de Tennis. This tournament was not recognised as a Major or Grand Slam tournament until it was opened to all nationalities in 1925.
1156:(ITF). The rules the association promulgated in 1924 have remained remarkably stable in the ensuing century, the one major change being the addition of the tie-break system designed by
1811:
offered the women only $ 7,500 in prize money versus the men's total of $ 50,000. When Kramer refused to match the men's prize money, King and Casals urged the other women to boycott.
1225:
established the first professional tour with a group of American and French players playing exhibition matches to paying audiences. The most notable early professionals were American
1663:
image. In the United States, since the 1970s, courts have been a common feature of public recreational facilities. Accordingly, in the 1970s, the U.S. Open moved from the private
1322:
was held between 1957 and 1959, the 1957 Australian editions taking place in Sydney White City and Melbourne Kooyong, while the U.S. editions in 1957, 1958 and 1959 took place at
1311:, played between 1927 and 1999. Between 1954 and 1962, it was played indoors in Cleveland and was called the World Professional Championships. The third major tournament was the
567:
played the game in Bermuda at Clermont, a house with a spacious lawn in Paget parish. Innumerable histories claim that in 1874, Mary returned from Bermuda onboard the ship S.S.
261:(1547â59), was also an excellent player and continued the royal French tradition. In 1555 an Italian priest, Antonio Scaino da Salothe, wrote the first known book about tennis,
1385:
During the first years of the Open Era, power struggles between the ILTF and the commercial promoters led to boycotts of Grand Slam events. The first Open Era event was the
1645:
1596:
in September, all the players attended and agreed to form a player syndicate to protect themselves from the promoters and associations, resulting in the creation of the
1315:, played between 1930 and 1968. The British and American championships continued into the Open Era but devolved to the status of minor tournaments after the late 1960s.
516:, the official rules of lawn tennis were promulgated by that Club in 1875, which preserved none of the aspects of the variations that Wingfield had dreamed up and named
1350:
2823:
1346:
2718:
3593:
3154:
2099:
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3271:
1088:
of the Harvard University tennis team designed a tournament format with the idea of challenging the British to a tennis showdown. The first match, between the
346:(1599), when a basket of them is given to King Henry as a mockery of his youth and playfulness; the incident is also mentioned in some earlier chronicles and
1668:
1675:) that is accessible to anyone who buys a ticket. About the same time, the ruling body's name changed from the United States Lawn Tennis Association to the
4476:
4317:
4307:
875:
Tennis was predominantly a sport of the English-speaking world, dominated by Great Britain and the United States. It was also popular in France, where the
257:(1515â1547) was an enthusiastic player and promoter of real tennis, building courts and encouraging play among the courtiers and commoners. His successor,
1710:
becoming a non-mandatory event, meaning a player could use his results from a lower-level tournament in place of it. International Series Gold became the
251:, when the drain outlet, through which he hoped to escape assassins, had been blocked to prevent the loss of tennis balls. James was trapped and killed.
1299:
In addition to head-to-head events several annual professional tournaments were called championship tournaments. The most prestigious was usually the
1125:
1105:
1101:
660:
549:
347:
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families to confuse the servants and maids so they wouldn't understand the system of scoring (that's why they use 40 in their system and not 45).
3526:
4652:
3738:
842:
3627:
3456:
Another significant turning point came in 1968 when the French Internationals became the first Grand Slam tournament to join the "Open"" era.
1523:
In the first two years of the Open Era, the National Tennis League and WCT promoters began to take control of the game. To outmaneuver them,
1386:
4506:
3693:
3102:
2851:
1149:
777:
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753:
The first American National tournament was played in 1880 at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club in New York. An Englishman named
3335:
4393:
4312:
4263:
3748:
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1603:
In 1973, there were four rival professional circuits: the WCT circuit, the Grand Prix circuit, the U.S. Indoor Circuit with Connors and
1597:
393:
the royal families of Europe were besieged and real tennis was largely abandoned. Real tennis played a minor role in the history of the
1837:
in September 1973, King brought even more media attention to tennis, and to women professionals in all walks of life by beating Riggs.
4373:
2635:
1695:, and packaged the nine most prestigious events as the "Championship Series â Single Tournament Week", and beginning in 1996, as the
4571:
4332:
4057:
2997:
2959:
2793:
2519:
2453:
2411:
1889:
199:
105:
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358:(1752â1753), in which a strung racquet and three tennis balls are depicted. The theme of the painting is the mythological story of
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3213:
4368:
4322:
4181:
1676:
1319:
759:
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1194:, awarded in an annual match between the two strongest women's tennis nations of the time, the United States and Great Britain.
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4469:
4403:
3339:
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1804:
1172:. The success of the event was overwhelming, and the IOC decided to reintroduce tennis as a full medal sport at Seoul in 1988.
1153:
142:
137:, an annual competition between men's national teams, dates to 1900. The analogous competition for women's national teams, the
2583:
The Monumental Inscriptions in the Parish Church of S. Michael, Coventry, together with drawings of all the arms found therein
591:
Deuce comes from "a deux du jeu" - two points away from game (that is, two consecutive points must be scored to win the game).
498:
and in 1874, with two doctors from the Warneford Hospital, founded the world's first tennis club, the Leamington Tennis Club.
3847:
2371:
2318:
2287:
2262:
2231:
1992:
89:
came into use and the game began to be called 'tennis'. It was popular in the Kingdom of France as well as in England, where
4128:
3128:
401:, a pledge signed by French deputies on a real tennis court, which formed a decisive early step in starting the revolution.
4398:
4302:
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3025:
1936:
1844:, formed in 1973, is the principal organizing body of women's professional tennis, organizing the worldwide, professional
1841:
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tournament held in August 1967, the first tournament where professional tennis players were allowed to play at Wimbledon.
1308:
1273:
208:
2751:
1197:
Wightman's original idea for a worldwide women's team tournament would bear fruit more than 40 years later in 1962, when
1186:
The idea of a Davis Cup-style tournament for national women's teams is surprisingly oldâit was first proposed in 1919 by
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4101:
2678:
1830:
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because their organization did not receive a guarantee. In 1970, neither WCT nor NTL players played in the French Open.
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1202:
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656:
651:
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127:
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1800:
to join his tour of eight men for two years. The professional women then played as independents as the Open Era began.
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4348:
3597:
3158:
2096:
1703:
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1742:. World War II hindered most professional competitions and many players were involved with entertaining the troops.
1104:. The American team, of which Dwight Davis was a part, surprised the British by winning the first three matches. By
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4462:
4327:
1121:
750:
and Fred Sears in 1874. In 1881, the desire to play tennis competitively led to the establishment of tennis clubs.
464:
1659:
The Open Era, the global professional circuit, and television helped tennis spread globally and shed its elitist,
424:
In England, during the 18th and early 19th centuries as real tennis declined, three other racquet sports emerged:
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4353:
3810:
1528:
1518:
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to play Davis Cup matches or not. The only ATP players who refused to boycott 1973 Wimbledon were Ilie NÄstase,
4586:
4576:
3718:
3686:
1628:
1359:
The French Championships at Roland Garros was the first Grand Slam tournament to become "open" to professionals
1187:
502:
371:
321:
309:
1168:, ITF General Secretary David Gray and ITF Vice President Pablo Llorens as well as support from IOC President
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that have been official, with periodic slight modifications, ever since then. Those rules were adopted by the
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1926:
1784:
There was virtually no further women's professional tennis until 1967, when promoter George McCall signed
1745:
In 1947, women professionals were again in action with a short-lived series of exhibition matches between
1430:
1169:
1113:
1109:
747:
564:
270:
378:, was ordered in 1752 by German count Wilhelm Friedrich Schaumburg Lippe, who was an avid tennis player.
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832:
770:
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286:
174:
90:
2730:
2170:"There are 3 levels of social class in tennis: Upper middle class, middle class and lower middle class"
1652:
in Dallas continued being held until the end of the 1980s, and then disbanded with the creation of the
1213:, the ITF introduced a new Davis Cup-style format for the competition and rechristened it the Fed Cup.
738:
Tennis was first played in the U.S. on a grass court set up on the Estate of Col. William Appleton in
316:
4626:
4217:
4154:
1793:
1778:
1394:
1323:
1300:
876:
870:
837:
508:
363:
351:
274:
141:, was founded as the Federation Cup in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the
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4159:
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1750:
1707:
1422:
1390:
1368:
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619:
337:
254:
248:
183:
101:
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4526:
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1734:. The series ended in 1927, and the women did not compete as professionals again until 1941 when
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1711:
405:
282:
258:
244:
61:
or royal tennis, which continues to be played today as a separate sport with more complex rules.
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3012:
2859:
2223:
2217:
1984:
1978:
1355:
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2363:
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3822:
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3623:
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2674:
2515:
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2417:
2407:
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2314:
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2258:
2227:
2009:
1988:
1931:
1857:
1624:
1527:, the best player of the late 1940s / early 1950s, and at that time a promoter, conceived the
1486:
1405:. The Open Era allowed all tennis players the opportunity to make a living by playing tennis.
1165:
709:
704:
440:
398:
394:
266:
113:
109:
3343:
3200:
3080:
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and the European Spring Circuit with NÄstase as their star. During the year, the ILTF banned
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4268:
4036:
3852:
3815:
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3249:
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2435:
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1921:
1789:
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1691:, replaced the MTC as the governing body of men's professional tennis. They established the
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persuaded the ITF to begin sponsoring such an event. The first Federation Cup was played in
1198:
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766:
733:
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773:. The U.S. National Women's Singles Championships were first held in 1887 in Philadelphia.
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1269:
1230:
1226:
1085:
1053:
963:
957:
754:
639:
635:
390:
158:
154:
97:
3389:
2771:
2387:
1608:
1604:
1553:
1478:
3365:
2907:
2169:
2073:
2052:
297:, was watching a game when she was arrested and that Henry was playing when news of her
4253:
3982:
3965:
3778:
3512:
3451:
1885:
1822:
1814:
1731:
1653:
1569:
1498:
1494:
1466:
1242:
1157:
1058:
968:
521:
495:
483:
444:
429:
342:
304:
2469:
Roger Morgan (1991). "The silver ball of rattray: a note on an early form of tennis".
1627:, which conflicted with the European leg of the Grand Prix circuit, was banned by the
1148:
1913 also saw 12 national tennis associations agree at a Paris conference to form the
212:(c. 1500) shepherds gave three gifts, including a tennis ball, to the newborn Christ.
173:
The word tennis came into use in English in the mid-14th century from French, via the
4641:
4423:
3935:
3790:
3653:
3029:
1913:
1869:
1853:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1739:
1578:
1470:
1426:
1327:
1304:
1238:
1190:. After she was turned down, she donated a trophy in 1923 that would be known as the
921:
1891â1908: shared by Tennis Club de Paris/Ile de Puteaux, Paris/Racing Club de France
469:
290:
289:(1509â47) made the biggest impact as a young monarch, playing the game with gusto at
108:. Many of the French courts were decommissioned with the terror that accompanied the
4248:
4144:
4091:
3970:
3960:
3955:
3945:
3897:
3874:
3546:
3415:
1797:
1758:
1746:
1735:
1660:
1438:
1418:
1402:
1377:
1277:
1210:
1191:
1140:
1032:
1010:
743:
580:
Wingfield borrowed both the name and much of the French vocabulary of real tennis:
487:
66:
50:
42:
34:
2881:
2191:
1561:
1376:
The move is made because the English are tired of the hypocrisy in the sport, the
971:
in 1988, the Australian Open has gained the popularity of the other three majors.
3132:
588:
Racket (or racquet) derives from the Arabic rakhat, meaning the palm of the hand.
381:
The game thrived among the 17th-century nobility in France, Spain, Italy and the
93:
was a notable enthusiast of the game, which is now referred to as 'real tennis'.
4195:
4026:
3950:
3912:
3892:
3805:
3438:
2809:
1834:
1808:
1762:
1754:
1632:
1547:
Tour rivalries and the creation of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)
1524:
1502:
1454:
1450:
1005:
997:
804:
689:
631:
294:
237:
221:
58:
3214:"Tennis: Britain Misses Out on World Party That Once Roused Fury of the Fuhrer"
2929:
1726:
Women's professional tennis began in 1926, when world number one female player
1501:. In 1968, none of the original Handsome Eight WCT players participated in the
1429:, but most of the best players were under contract. George McCall operated the
1268:
earned U.S. $ 91,000 ($ 1,928,694 today) in a 1937 North American tour against
776:
The tournament was made officially one of the tennis 'Majors' from 1924 by the
4232:
4222:
4169:
4116:
3902:
3887:
3468:
1903:
1865:
1649:
1620:. They were later fined by the ATP for their participation in the tournament.
1617:
1557:
1474:
1458:
1265:
906:
809:
529:
213:
179:
149:
3501:
2652:
1124:, a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed jointly until
4227:
4212:
3930:
3882:
2421:
1434:
1233:. Players turning pro could not compete in the major (amateur) tournaments.
1222:
1079:
1027:
1002:
817:
558:
479:
448:
298:
161:. Players turning pro could not compete in the major (amateur) tournaments.
134:
46:
1730:
accepted $ 50,000 for a series of matches against three-time U.S. Champion
96:
Many original tennis courts remain, including courts at Oxford, Cambridge,
17:
2591:
1821:
magazine, responded with a separate women's tour under the sponsorship of
29:
4149:
4096:
3940:
3925:
3920:
3837:
1845:
1692:
1623:
Between 1974 and 1978, any tennis player who participated in the nascent
1414:
1040:
1036:
1015:
820:
4418:
1907:
4273:
3987:
1873:
1181:
812:
554:
491:
386:
138:
2282:(Dover ed.). Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. pp. 25, 26.
2192:"tennis â Origin and history of tennis by Online Etymology Dictionary"
622:
tournaments, the four biggest competitions on the tennis circuit, are
486:, a Spanish merchant, combined elements of the game of racquets and a
293:
on a court he had built in 1530. It is believed that his second wife,
3702:
3477:. 19 June 1969. p. 30 – via National Library of Australia.
3384:
3382:
3180:
2309:(Rev. and updated 1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row. p.
375:
359:
350:. One of the most striking early references appears in a painting by
301:
arrived. During the reign of James I (1603â25) London had 14 courts.
217:
206:
Tennis is mentioned in literature as far back as the Middle Ages. In
54:
4454:
2846:
2844:
2752:"When the Girls Came Out to Play: The Birth of American Sportswear"
1861:
1354:
1139:
1044:
439:
193:
28:
762:) was formed to standardize the rules and organize competitions.
3394:
1409:
National Tennis League (NTL) and World Championship Tennis (WCT)
367:
4458:
3675:
2362:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. pp.
1852:
tournaments.) Sponsors have included Virginia Slims (1971â78),
308:
Drawing of a Lawn Tennis court as originally designed by Major
2253:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. p.
2222:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. p.
1983:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. p.
1272:
but won only U.S. $ 450 ($ 9,740) for his 1938 victory at the
2557:
The Chronicle History of King Henry the Fifth. Act 1, Scene 2
2303:
United States Tennis Association (1979). Bill Shannon (ed.).
1307:
in England, played between 1934 and 1990. The oldest was the
224:'s round table, plays tennis against a group of 17 giants in
37:
in 2008, a year before the installation of a retractable roof
3434:"Event Guide / History: Roland-Garros, a never-ending story"
3366:"History of the Pro Tennis Wars Chapter 2, part 1 1927â1928"
2074:"History of the Pro Tennis Wars Chapter 2, part 1 1927â1928"
974:
882:
783:
667:
320:
Cover of the first edition of the book about Lawn Tennis by
247:, the playing of tennis indirectly led to the death of King
2133:
it was no longer true that tennis was a middle-class sport
1539:
In 1970, none of the contract players participated in the
3671:
2824:"Bermudas Place in Tennis History > The IC of Bermuda"
1687:
In 1990, the Association of Tennis Professionals, led by
1413:
In 1968, a few professionals were independent, including
1295:
Major professional tennis tournaments before the Open Era
2952:"Speaking of animals: a dictionary of animal metaphors"
923:
1909: Societe Athletique de la Villa Primrose, Bordeaux
2147:"Max Clifford to help shed tennis' middle-class image"
765:
The U.S. National Men's Singles Championship, now the
2990:
Heeft yemant lust met bal, of met reket te spelen...?
1397:, while the first open Grand Slam tournament was the
478:
Between 1859 and 1865, in Birmingham, England, Major
475:
The modern sport is tied to two separate inventions.
265:. Two French kings died from tennis related episodesâ
182:
in his poem titled 'In Praise of Peace' dedicated to
4386:
4341:
4295:
4286:
4241:
4205:
4194:
4137:
4084:
4075:
4045:
4014:
4005:
3911:
3873:
3766:
3757:
1381:
set of amateur rules that are quite unenforceable."
3500:
1777:("the Golden Goddess") as the opening act for the
1753:, both U.S. National Champions. In 1950 and 1951,
57:, is the direct descendant of what is now denoted
3490:, by Jack Kramer with Frank Deford, pages 275â276
3310:"James Henry Van Alen in the Tennis Hall of Fame"
2471:The International Journal of the History of Sport
3216:. Archived from the original on 25 February 2006
2605:The Prodigal Rake: the Memoirs of William Hickey
1285:tournaments become more significant than tours.
447:'s house in Edgbaston, Birmingham, where he and
3650:"International Tennis Hall of Fame Information"
2010:Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries
1646:Men's International Professional Tennis Council
1338:"Open era" redirects here. For other uses, see
410:
198:Real tennis racquets and balls. Cahusac at the
494:lawn in Edgbaston. In 1872, both men moved to
4470:
3687:
3155:"History of United States Tennis Association"
2092:
2090:
1702:In 2009, the Masters events were renamed the
45:traditionally named lawn tennis, invented in
8:
2788:. Oxford: Bodleian Library. pp. 13â19.
1833:exhibition match against the vocally sexist
1773:turned professional in 1958 and joined with
1648:(also called the Men's Tennis Council). The
2489:The Kings & Queens of Scotland: James I
1856:(1979â82), Virginia Slims again (1983â94),
1505:. In 1970, NTL players did not play in the
1457:. Meanwhile Dave Dixon (later succeeded by
893:1925: Championnats Internationaux de France
451:first played the modern game of lawn tennis
70:
4477:
4463:
4455:
4292:
4202:
4081:
4011:
3763:
3694:
3680:
3672:
336:Real tennis is mentioned in literature by
332:Tennis doubles final at 1896 Olympic Games
85:). It was not until the 16th century that
2123:. London: The Observer, theguardian.co.uk
1598:Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)
1351:Open Era tennis records â women's singles
561:as outdoor games for both men and women.
419:Time's arm for shame grew tyred at last.
236:The Medieval form of tennis is termed as
3026:"Originality of the phrase "Grand Slam""
2774:â University of South Carolina Libraries
2053:"Suzanne Lenglen and the First Pro Tour"
1144:1896 Summer Olympics men's singles final
661:All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
604:Tournaments and tours of the Amateur Era
550:All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
454:
327:
315:
303:
53:, England, now commonly known simply as
3511:. 29 July 1970. p. 3C – via
2930:"The Online Guide to Traditional Games"
2121:"Middle-class heroes can lift our game"
2114:
2112:
1969:
1948:
1347:Open era tennis records â men's singles
1152:(ILTF), renamed in 1977 as the current
1108:the tournament had expanded to include
3568:"History of the West Side Tennis Club"
3527:"French to lift ban on W.T.T. players"
3227:
273:after hitting his head during a game.
3469:"Power struggle on the tennis courts"
3181:"Fact & History of Rhodes Island"
2406:. London: Octopus Books. p. 21.
2389:Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
1401:in May. Both tournaments were won by
1387:1968 British Hard Court Championships
1035:and alternated in Melbourne, Sydney,
468:in as high an order, and smooth as a
459:Amateur tennis match in Sweden, 1892.
281:Royal interest in England began with
7:
4439:
3622:, 1974, The Viking Press, New York,
3390:"Open tennis accepted for Wimbledon"
2954:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 245.
2555:Shakespeare, William (Early 1600s).
1714:and the remaining events became the
1280:played 76 matches on a tour against
1150:International Lawn Tennis Federation
778:International Lawn Tennis Federation
413:Here lyes an old toss'd Tennis Ball:
408:, written circa 1705 read, in part:
269:of a severe chill after playing and
4394:Association of Tennis Professionals
4264:International Premier Tennis League
2992:. Hilversum: Verloren. p. 10.
2904:"Tennis from Beijing Olympics 2008"
2810:"Bermuda's Place in Tennis History"
2708:. The Viking Press. pp. 22â24.
2280:Tennis : Origins and Mysteries
1721:
432:and lawn tennis (the modern game).
417:With so much heat and so much hast,
415:Was racketted, from spring to fall,
2510:. New York: Random House. p.
2444:. New York: Random House. p.
2119:Jon Henderson (10 December 2008).
1531:in late 1969. He described it as:
929:1926: Racing Club de France, Paris
925:1910: Racing Club de France, Paris
340:, who mentions "tennis balles" in
25:
2546:The Encyclopedia of Tennis, p. 18
2392:. Medieval Institute Publications
1890:International Tennis Hall of Fame
1880:International Tennis Hall of Fame
828:Venue change (men's championship)
200:Falkland Palace Royal Tennis Club
4438:
4428:
4417:
2856:Staten Island Tennis Association
2359:Tennis : A Cultural History
2335:"John Gower: In Praise of Peace"
2250:Tennis : A Cultural History
2219:Tennis : A Cultural History
1980:Tennis : A Cultural History
1906:
1769:, wherein Betz dominated Moran.
1677:United States Tennis Association
983:1905: Australasian Championships
792:1881: U.S. National Championship
760:United States Tennis Association
4429:
4404:International Tennis Federation
3409:Henderson, Jon (15 June 2008).
3340:International Tennis Federation
3105:. wimbledon.org. Archived from
3079:. wimbledon.org. Archived from
3056:International Tennis Federation
2633:Lawn Tennis and Major T. H. Gem
2306:Official Encyclopedia of Tennis
1805:Pacific Southwest Championships
1463:World Championship Tennis (WCT)
1154:International Tennis Federation
1136:International Tennis Federation
263:Trattato del Giuoco della Palla
143:International Tennis Federation
3488:THE GAME My 40 Years in Tennis
3448:Fédération Française de Tennis
3439:Roland Garros Official Website
2884:. Etymonline.com. 10 June 1927
985:1927: Australian Championships
895:1928: Tournoi de Roland Garros
482:, a solicitor, and his friend
1:
4653:Sports originating in England
2882:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
2772:The Beginnings Of Lawn Tennis
2731:"23 February 1874 in History"
2278:Whitman, Malcolm D. (2004) .
1937:Tennis at the Summer Olympics
1309:U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
1289:Pro Championships (Pro Slams)
1274:U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
406:St Michael's Church, Coventry
2786:The Original Rules of Tennis
2719:Leamington Tennis Court Club
2673:E. M. Halliday (June 1971).
2356:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998).
2247:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998).
2216:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998).
1977:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998).
1635:in the same calendar year.
1431:National Tennis League (NTL)
769:, was first held in 1881 at
657:The Championships, Wimbledon
512:, and a meeting at London's
324:, published in February 1874
128:The Championships, Wimbledon
2535:The Encyclopedia of Tennisp
2145:Kate Magee (10 July 2008).
1722:Women's professional tennis
1704:ATP World Tour Masters 1000
1669:USTA National Tennis Center
931:1927: Stade Français, Paris
927:1925: Stade Français, Paris
891:1891: Championnat de France
385:but suffered under English
4669:
4399:Women's Tennis Association
3620:The Encyclopedia of Tennis
3272:"Davis Cup by BNP Paribas"
2950:Palmatier, Robert (1995).
2568:The Encyclopedia of Tennis
1842:Women's Tennis Association
1803:In 1970, promoter for the
1516:
1344:
1337:
1292:
1256:
1179:
1077:
958:History of Australian Open
955:
868:
731:
649:
534:Tennis: A Cultural History
209:The Second Shepherds' Play
4507:Australian rules football
4492:
4412:
3709:
3398:. ESPN. 14 December 1967.
3234:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2337:. University of Rochester
1892:, a non-profit museum in
1738:headlined a tour against
1529:Grand Prix tennis circuit
1519:Grand Prix tennis circuit
1340:Open era (disambiguation)
525:
463:The lawyer and memoirist
145:, also known as the ITF.
3508:Press & Sun-Bulletin
3297:History of The Davis Cup
2653:"Leamington Tennis Club"
2642:Birmingham Civic Society
2402:Clerici, Gianni (1976).
1817:, American publisher of
1761:to play a pro tour with
1629:French Tennis Federation
1217:The professional circuit
1188:Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman
676:1877: The Championships
652:Wimbledon, The Beginning
503:Walter Clopton Wingfield
372:Museo Thyssen Bornemisza
322:Walter Clopton Wingfield
310:Walter Clopton Wingfield
4259:Champions Tennis League
3547:"ATP corporate history"
3411:"Now I'd choose tennis"
3299:. Retrieved 2007-09-10.
2988:Bondt, Cees de (1993).
2704:Robertson, Max (1974).
2675:"Sphairistiké, Anyone?"
2638:9 February 2008 at the
2618:The True Home of Tennis
1320:Tournament of Champions
1313:French Pro Championship
542:Marylebone Cricket Club
514:Marylebone Cricket Club
501:In December 1873 Major
383:Austro-Hungarian Empire
124:Marylebone Cricket Club
118:Serment du Jeu de Paume
33:Players on Wimbledon's
4572:Professional wrestling
2784:Barrett, John (2010).
2706:Encyclopedia of Tennis
1927:Match fixing in tennis
1667:to a public park (the
1537:
1383:
1360:
1170:Juan Antonio Samaranch
1145:
987:1969: Australian Open
871:History of French Open
865:1891/1925: French Open
659:, were founded by the
565:Mary Ewing Outerbridge
460:
452:
422:
333:
325:
313:
203:
104:regularly played, and
38:
3833:electronic line judge
3502:"New grip on masters"
3342:(ITF). Archived from
2692:The History of Tennis
2603:Quennell, Peter, ed.
1894:Newport, Rhode Island
1673:Flushing Meadows Park
1665:West Side Tennis Club
1533:
1491:Earl "Butch" Buchholz
1374:
1358:
1326:. There was also the
1143:
1098:Boston, Massachusetts
952:1905: Australian Open
771:Newport, Rhode Island
740:Nahant, Massachusetts
458:
443:
356:The Death of Hyacinth
331:
319:
307:
197:
91:Henry VIII of England
32:
4502:Association football
4218:Billie Jean King Cup
3639:Max Robertson, p. 70
3316:on 30 September 2007
2580:John Astley (1885),
2386:Hahn, Thomas(1995).
1779:Harlem Globetrotters
1631:from playing in the
1395:Bournemouth, England
1324:Forest Hills, Queens
1301:Wembley Championship
748:Richard Dudley Sears
734:History of U.S. Open
546:Rules of Lawn Tennis
436:Birth of lawn tennis
352:Giambattista Tiepolo
157:and the Frenchwoman
106:Hampton Court Palace
4182:ITF Women's Circuit
4124:ATP Challenger Tour
3600:on 12 November 2006
3250:"Davis Cup History"
3052:"History of Tennis"
3032:on 6 September 2012
2862:on 20 December 2022
2507:The World of Tennis
2441:The World of Tennis
2172:. BookieBusters.net
2024:"Davis Cup History"
1831:Battle of the Sexes
1751:Sarah Palfrey Cooke
1708:Monte-Carlo Masters
1391:The West Hants Club
1367:began in 1968 when
935:Stade Roland Garros
708:1922: Church Road,
703:1877: Worple Road,
618:The four majors or
609:Amateur tournaments
490:and played it on a
338:William Shakespeare
255:Francis I of France
249:James I of Scotland
226:The Turke and Gowin
102:Mary Queen of Scots
3535:. 4 November 1974.
3532:The New York Times
3474:The Canberra Times
3161:on 30 October 2007
3109:on 9 December 2010
2910:on 1 November 2007
2102:2007-10-31 at the
2013:, page 115 (2003).
1716:ATP World Tour 250
1712:ATP World Tour 500
1513:Grand Prix circuit
1361:
1221:In 1926, promoter
1146:
846:1924: Forest Hills
461:
453:
334:
326:
314:
245:Blackfriars, Perth
204:
39:
4648:History of tennis
4635:
4634:
4497:American football
4486:History of sports
4452:
4451:
4424:Tennis portal
4382:
4381:
4282:
4281:
4190:
4189:
4129:ITF Men's Circuit
4071:
4070:
4001:
4000:
3628:978-0-670-29408-4
3594:"History of USTA"
3346:on 26 August 2020
3336:"Fed Cup History"
3015:â Australian Open
2978:, page 13 (2006).
2679:American Heritage
2502:Schickel, Richard
2436:Schickel, Richard
1932:Tennis technology
1872:(2006â2010), and
1858:J.P. Morgan Chase
1625:World Team Tennis
1566:Ćœeljko FranuloviÄ
1465:and managed the "
1389:held in April at
1166:Philippe Chatrier
1070:
1069:
948:
947:
861:
860:
724:
723:
399:Tennis Court Oath
395:French Revolution
114:Tennis Court Oath
110:French Revolution
16:(Redirected from
4660:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4456:
4442:
4441:
4432:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4387:Governing bodies
4296:Intercontinental
4293:
4269:World TeamTennis
4203:
4082:
4012:
3796:serve-and-volley
3764:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3673:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3652:. Archived from
3646:
3640:
3637:
3631:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3596:. Archived from
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3570:. Archived from
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3504:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3454:on 4 July 2008.
3450:. Archived from
3430:
3424:
3423:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3312:. Archived from
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3274:. Archived from
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3157:. Archived from
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3131:. Archived from
3129:"Women In Sport"
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3103:"Roll of Honour"
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3083:on 27 April 2009
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3028:. Archived from
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2985:
2979:
2974:Horn, Geoffrey.
2972:
2966:
2965:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2906:. Archived from
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2858:. Archived from
2848:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2727:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2649:
2643:
2630:
2624:
2614:
2608:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2498:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2399:
2393:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2116:
2107:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2049:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2014:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1974:
1957:
1953:
1922:Doping in tennis
1916:
1911:
1910:
1786:Billie Jean King
1781:for one season.
1757:signed Betz and
1583:1972 French Open
1399:1968 French Open
1259:Tennis Pro Tours
1229:and Frenchwoman
975:
883:
850:Flushing Meadows
794:1968: U.S. Open
784:
668:
595:monetary stakes.
527:
84:
81:
80:game of the palm
78:
75:
72:
21:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4488:
4483:
4453:
4448:
4416:
4408:
4378:
4359:Southeast Asian
4337:
4288:
4278:
4237:
4198:
4186:
4133:
4077:
4067:
4041:
4022:Australian Open
3997:
3907:
3869:
3848:Code violations
3753:
3705:
3700:
3670:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3618:Max Robertson,
3617:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3444:IBM Corporation
3432:
3431:
3427:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3278:on 27 July 2007
3270:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3201:Leading The Way
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3135:on 14 June 2007
3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2640:Wayback Machine
2631:
2627:
2615:
2611:
2602:
2598:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2486:
2482:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2414:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2106:â Bruce Goldman
2104:Wayback Machine
2095:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:Crego, Robert.
2006:
2002:
1995:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1882:
1876:(2022âpresent)
1807:in Los Angeles
1728:Suzanne Lenglen
1724:
1689:Hamilton Jordan
1685:
1641:
1549:
1521:
1515:
1507:Australian Open
1447:Pancho Gonzales
1411:
1353:
1343:
1336:
1297:
1291:
1282:Pancho Gonzales
1270:Ellsworth Vines
1261:
1255:
1231:Suzanne Lenglen
1227:Vinnie Richards
1219:
1184:
1178:
1138:
1086:Dwight F. Davis
1082:
1076:
1071:
1056:
1051:
1030:
1025:
1013:
1008:
1000:
995:
986:
984:
982:
964:Australian Open
960:
954:
949:
938:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
912:
910:
904:
896:
894:
892:
890:
873:
867:
862:
847:
845:
840:
835:
830:
815:
807:
802:
793:
791:
755:Otway Woodhouse
736:
730:
728:1881: U.S. Open
725:
714:
707:
702:
694:
687:
679:
675:
654:
648:
646:1877: Wimbledon
636:Australian Open
616:
614:The Four Majors
611:
606:
578:
438:
430:squash racquets
421:
418:
416:
414:
391:Age of Napoleon
275:King Charles IX
243:In 1437 at the
234:
192:
171:
159:Suzanne Lenglen
155:Vinnie Richards
98:Falkland Palace
82:
79:
76:
73:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4666:
4664:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4640:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4547:Figure skating
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4436:
4426:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4374:South American
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4313:Youth Olympics
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4254:World Team Cup
4251:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4207:
4200:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4177:WTA 125 series
4174:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4058:Singles finals
4055:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:Controversies
3842:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3774:Scoring system
3770:
3768:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3656:on 18 May 2007
3641:
3632:
3611:
3585:
3574:on 19 May 2004
3559:
3538:
3518:
3513:Newspapers.com
3492:
3480:
3460:
3425:
3401:
3378:
3357:
3327:
3301:
3289:
3263:
3252:. daviscup.com
3241:
3205:
3193:
3172:
3146:
3120:
3094:
3077:"The Trophies"
3068:
3043:
3017:
3005:
2998:
2980:
2967:
2960:
2942:
2921:
2895:
2873:
2840:
2815:
2801:
2794:
2776:
2764:
2743:
2722:
2711:
2696:
2684:
2665:
2644:
2625:
2623:, 22 June 2005
2616:Tyzack, Anna,
2609:
2596:
2586:, p. 21,
2572:
2560:
2548:
2539:
2527:
2520:
2493:
2480:
2461:
2454:
2427:
2412:
2394:
2379:
2372:
2348:
2326:
2319:
2295:
2288:
2270:
2263:
2239:
2232:
2208:
2196:Etymonline.com
2183:
2168:The Sugarman.
2160:
2137:
2108:
2086:
2065:
2029:
2015:
2000:
1993:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1901:
1898:
1886:James Van Alen
1881:
1878:
1829:In the famous
1823:Virginia Slims
1815:Gladys Heldman
1794:Françoise DĂŒrr
1732:Mary K. Browne
1723:
1720:
1684:
1681:
1640:
1637:
1587:1972 Wimbledon
1570:Clark Graebner
1548:
1545:
1517:Main article:
1514:
1511:
1499:Dennis Ralston
1495:Cliff Drysdale
1487:Pierre BarthĂšs
1467:Handsome Eight
1410:
1407:
1335:
1332:
1303:, held at the
1293:Main article:
1290:
1287:
1257:Main article:
1254:
1251:
1243:Mary K. Browne
1218:
1215:
1180:Main article:
1177:
1174:
1158:James Van Alen
1137:
1134:
1078:Main article:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1059:Melbourne Park
1019:
993:Surface change
989:
973:
969:Melbourne Park
956:Main article:
953:
950:
946:
945:
940:
914:
902:Surface change
898:
881:
869:Main article:
866:
863:
859:
858:
853:
824:
800:Surface change
796:
782:
732:Main article:
729:
726:
722:
721:
716:
696:
681:
666:
650:Main article:
647:
644:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
600:
596:
592:
589:
586:
577:
574:
496:Leamington Spa
484:Augurio Perera
465:William Hickey
445:Augurio Perera
437:
434:
411:
404:An epitaph in
397:, through the
233:
230:
191:
188:
170:
167:
100:in Fife where
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4665:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4587:Rowing sports
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4577:Rock climbing
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4445:
4437:
4435:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4333:Mediterranean
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4285:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4074:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3006:
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1087:
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1073:
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4369:Pan American
4323:Commonwealth
4249:Wightman Cup
4145:WTA rankings
4092:ATP rankings
4076:Professional
3976:double fault
3961:Passing shot
3946:Groundstroke
3858:Match fixing
3713:
3658:. Retrieved
3654:the original
3644:
3635:
3619:
3614:
3602:. Retrieved
3598:the original
3588:
3576:. Retrieved
3572:the original
3562:
3552:14 September
3550:. Retrieved
3541:
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3472:
3463:
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3452:the original
3437:
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3416:The Observer
3414:
3404:
3393:
3369:. Retrieved
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3344:the original
3330:
3318:. Retrieved
3314:the original
3304:
3292:
3280:. Retrieved
3276:the original
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3244:
3218:. Retrieved
3208:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3159:the original
3149:
3137:. Retrieved
3133:the original
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3107:the original
3097:
3085:. Retrieved
3081:the original
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3046:
3034:. Retrieved
3030:the original
3020:
3008:
2989:
2983:
2976:Rafael Nadal
2970:
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2908:the original
2898:
2886:. Retrieved
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2860:the original
2855:
2831:. Retrieved
2828:Ictennis.net
2827:
2818:
2804:
2785:
2779:
2767:
2755:. Retrieved
2746:
2734:. Retrieved
2725:
2714:
2705:
2699:
2687:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2647:
2628:
2621:Country Life
2620:
2612:
2607:(1962) p.58.
2604:
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2567:
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2487:McGladdery,
2483:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2440:
2430:
2403:
2397:
2388:
2382:
2358:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2329:
2305:
2298:
2279:
2273:
2249:
2242:
2218:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2195:
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2140:
2132:
2125:. Retrieved
2077:. Retrieved
2068:
2056:. Retrieved
2018:
2008:
2003:
1979:
1972:
1951:
1888:founded the
1883:
1839:
1828:
1819:World Tennis
1818:
1813:
1802:
1798:Rosie Casals
1783:
1759:Gussie Moran
1747:Pauline Betz
1744:
1736:Alice Marble
1725:
1701:
1697:"Super Nine"
1686:
1661:anglocentric
1658:
1642:
1622:
1614:Roger Taylor
1609:Nikola PiliÄ
1605:Ilie NÄstase
1602:
1594:1972 US Open
1591:
1575:
1554:Ilie NÄstase
1550:
1538:
1534:
1522:
1483:Roger Taylor
1479:Nikola PiliÄ
1439:Ken Rosewall
1433:and managed
1419:Mal Anderson
1412:
1403:Ken Rosewall
1384:
1378:shamateurism
1375:
1364:
1362:
1317:
1298:
1278:Ken Rosewall
1262:
1248:
1235:
1220:
1196:
1192:Wightman Cup
1185:
1162:
1147:
1130:
1096:was held in
1083:
1064:
1033:Christchurch
1023:Venue change
1022:
1021:
1011:Plexicushion
992:
991:
979:
978:
961:
942:
918:Venue change
917:
916:
901:
900:
887:
886:
874:
855:
838:Forest Hills
827:
826:
799:
798:
788:
787:
775:
764:
752:
744:James Dwight
737:
718:
713:
700:Venue change
699:
698:
693:
684:
683:
678:
672:
671:
655:
617:
579:
568:
563:
545:
538:
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518:SphaeristikĂš
517:
507:
500:
488:ball of wind
477:
474:
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423:
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403:
380:
355:
341:
335:
280:
271:Charles VIII
262:
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242:
235:
225:
207:
205:
175:Anglo-Norman
172:
163:
147:
132:
122:
117:
95:
67:jeu de paume
63:
51:Warwickshire
43:racket sport
40:
35:Centre Court
26:
4597:Rugby union
4512:Auto racing
4444:WikiCommons
4342:Continental
4318:Universiade
4308:Paralympics
4287:Multi-sport
4199:tournaments
4196:Team tennis
4027:French Open
4007:Grand Slams
3951:Half volley
3724:Match types
3203:â BBC Sport
3113:12 November
3087:12 November
2097:Open Minded
1835:Bobby Riggs
1809:Jack Kramer
1763:Jack Kramer
1755:Bobby Riggs
1644:led by the
1639:Integration
1633:French Open
1541:French Open
1525:Jack Kramer
1503:French Open
1455:Roy Emerson
1451:Fred Stolle
1199:Nell Hopman
1176:The Fed Cup
1122:Australasia
1014:2020: Hard
1009:2008: Hard
1006:Rebound Ace
980:Name change
888:Name change
877:French Open
789:Name change
632:French Open
576:Terminology
526:ÏÏαÎčÏÎčÏÏÎčÎșÎź
295:Anne Boleyn
285:(1413â22).
238:real tennis
232:Real tennis
228:(c. 1500).
222:King Arthur
59:real tennis
18:Open Tennis
4642:Categories
4622:Water polo
4522:Basketball
4233:Hopman Cup
4223:United Cup
4046:Statistics
3828:Technology
3802:Equipment
3739:Statistics
3256:5 December
3013:Grand Slam
2373:081473121X
2341:11 October
2320:0060144785
2289:0486433579
2264:081473121X
2233:081473121X
1994:081473121X
1964:References
1866:Home Depot
1850:Grand Slam
1656:for 1990.
1650:WCT Finals
1618:Ray Keldie
1558:Stan Smith
1475:Tony Roche
1461:) ran the
1459:Lamar Hunt
1423:Luis Ayala
1369:Grand Slam
1345:See also:
1266:Fred Perry
1239:Paul FĂ©ret
911:1909: Clay
843:Germantown
634:, and the
620:Grand Slam
530:Llanelidan
387:Puritanism
287:Henry VIII
214:Sir Gawain
180:John Gower
150:C. C. Pyle
4627:Wrestling
4228:Laver Cup
4213:Davis Cup
4053:Champions
4032:Wimbledon
3931:Drop shot
2866:8 October
2833:8 October
2592:Q98360469
2201:8 October
2149:. PR Week
1884:In 1954,
1790:Ann Jones
1706:with the
1562:Jan KodeĆĄ
1435:Rod Laver
1253:Pro tours
1223:C.C. Pyle
1084:In 1898,
1080:Davis Cup
1028:Melbourne
710:Wimbledon
705:Wimbledon
624:Wimbledon
559:badminton
509:The Field
480:Harry Gem
449:Harry Gem
389:. By the
354:entitled
299:execution
169:Etymology
148:Promoter
135:Davis Cup
130:in 1877.
65:the name
47:Edgbaston
4612:Swimming
4562:Lacrosse
4517:Baseball
4303:Olympics
4150:WTA Tour
4097:ATP Tour
3941:Forehand
3926:Backspin
3921:Backhand
3863:Grunting
3838:Hawk-Eye
3823:Official
3786:Strategy
3749:Stadiums
3734:Rankings
3719:Glossary
3230:cite web
2636:Archived
2588:Wikidata
2504:(1975).
2438:(1975).
2422:16360735
2176:2 August
2153:2 August
2127:2 August
2100:Archived
1900:See also
1868:(2002),
1846:WTA Tour
1693:ATP Tour
1683:ATP Tour
1654:ATP Tour
1415:Lew Hoad
1365:Open Era
1334:Open Era
1049:Hastings
1041:Brisbane
1037:Adelaide
1016:GreenSet
909:and Sand
821:DecoTurf
780:(ILTF).
544:'s 1875
426:racquets
364:Hyacinth
259:Henry II
4607:Surfing
4557:Hurling
4537:Fencing
4532:Cycling
4527:Cricket
4434:Outline
4364:Pacific
4349:African
4274:ATP Cup
4242:Defunct
4063:Records
4037:US Open
3988:Topspin
3816:strings
3767:General
3744:Umpires
3729:Players
3714:History
3630:, p. 68
3061:28 July
2570:, p. 21
1956:ground.
1874:Hologic
1864:(2001)
1592:At the
1182:Fed Cup
1114:Austria
1110:Belgium
1054:Kooyong
937:, Paris
833:Newport
813:Har-Tru
767:US Open
685:Surface
628:US Open
555:croquet
492:croquet
348:ballads
343:Henry V
312:in 1874
283:Henry V
267:Louis X
139:Fed Cup
87:rackets
74:
4617:Tennis
4602:Skiing
4328:Island
4289:events
4206:Active
4170:Finals
4117:Finals
4015:Events
3993:Volley
3898:Carpet
3875:Courts
3853:Doping
3811:racket
3759:Basics
3703:Tennis
3660:29 May
3626:
3604:29 May
3578:29 May
3371:29 May
3350:27 May
3320:29 May
3282:29 May
3220:29 May
3186:29 May
3165:29 May
3139:29 May
3036:29 May
2996:
2958:
2935:29 May
2914:29 May
2888:15 May
2792:
2757:29 May
2736:29 May
2658:29 May
2590:
2518:
2452:
2420:
2410:
2404:Tennis
2370:
2364:75, 76
2317:
2286:
2261:
2230:
2079:29 May
2058:29 May
2026:. ITF.
1991:
1796:, and
1425:, and
1120:, and
1118:France
1065:
1057:1988:
1052:1972:
1031:1906:
1026:1905:
1001:1988:
996:1905:
943:
933:1928:
905:1891:
856:
848:1978:
841:1921:
836:1915:
831:1881:
816:1978:
808:1975:
803:1881:
719:
688:1877:
640:bridge
630:, the
626:, the
585:serve.
569:Canima
376:Madrid
360:Apollo
218:knight
190:Origin
112:. The
55:tennis
4582:Rodeo
4354:Asian
4138:Women
4078:tours
3983:Smash
3966:Serve
3913:Shots
3893:Grass
3791:grips
3779:point
1943:Notes
1862:Sanex
1209:. In
1045:Perth
998:Grass
805:Grass
690:Grass
522:Greek
4552:Golf
4155:1000
4102:1000
3936:Flat
3903:Wood
3888:Clay
3883:Hard
3806:ball
3662:2007
3624:ISBN
3606:2007
3580:2007
3554:2016
3446:and
3395:ESPN
3373:2007
3352:2015
3322:2007
3284:2007
3258:2010
3236:link
3222:2007
3188:2007
3167:2007
3141:2007
3115:2010
3089:2010
3063:2008
3038:2007
2994:ISBN
2956:ISBN
2937:2007
2916:2007
2890:2013
2868:2017
2835:2017
2790:ISBN
2759:2007
2738:2007
2660:2007
2537:. 17
2516:ISBN
2477:(3).
2450:ISBN
2418:OCLC
2408:ISBN
2368:ISBN
2343:2012
2315:ISBN
2284:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2228:ISBN
2203:2017
2178:2008
2155:2008
2129:2008
2081:2007
2060:2007
1989:ISBN
1854:Avon
1840:The
1765:and
1749:and
1616:and
1585:and
1568:and
1497:and
1453:and
1363:The
1349:and
1318:The
1241:and
1211:1995
1207:1992
1203:1963
1126:1913
1106:1905
1102:1900
1092:and
1043:and
1003:Hard
962:The
907:Clay
818:Hard
810:Clay
673:Name
557:and
368:Ovid
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