80:
31:
386:
multiple individual polyps. Complexity of valley regions can range; some are hourglass shaped while other cans be highly lobed. They typically have bilateral symmetry. During the day when the polyp is closed, the coral is covered by a mantle that extends beyond the skeleton, but can retract when disturbed. Polyps and mantle are very fleshy. Colonies can be blue, green, yellow, brown, and are often vibrantly colored.
55:
404:
430:
Open brain corals are less common directly in coral reef communities, and are more often found on sandy reef slopes, around continental islands, and lagoons. Open brain corals can often be found near other free-living corals. Large colonies of open brain corals are uncommon, and are typically only
385:
Open brain corals can be solitary or colonial. They are small corals, rarely reaching over 20 cm in diameter. They are free-living and exhibit a flabello-meandroid growth form, meaning they have distinct valley regions separated by walls. In colonial forms, the valley regions can contain
439:
The IUCN lists open brain corals as "near threatened" due to habitat loss and over-harvesting for the aquarium trade. The biggest exporter of open brain coral is
Indonesia. In 2005, Indonesia exported over 60,000 open brain corals for use in the aquarium trade.
1055:
830:
1158:
1081:
869:
1029:
804:
566:
Best, M.B. & Hoeksema, B.W. (1987). "New observations on scleractinian corals from
Indonesia: 1. Free-living species belonging to the Faviina".
1068:
843:
653:"A new gall crab species (Brachyura, Cryptochiridae) associated with the free-living coral Trachyphyllia geoffroyi (Scleractinia, Merulinidae)"
882:
627:
1163:
1130:
947:
539:
1073:
848:
79:
1016:
778:
769:
1086:
874:
796:
731:
594:
1107:
908:
178:
1168:
1135:
1003:
952:
660:
527:
444:
44:
994:
926:
505:
200:
74:
913:
835:
783:
1112:
1094:
1060:
895:
696:
678:
1122:
900:
861:
686:
668:
500:
1099:
59:
664:
691:
30:
1008:
1152:
1021:
856:
491:
482:
424:
64:
595:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Trachyphyllia geoffroyi (Audouin, 1826)"
652:
416:
131:
121:
1042:
988:
939:
921:
817:
763:
368:
141:
979:
403:
754:
682:
673:
91:
700:
973:
748:
111:
1034:
809:
420:
822:
1047:
791:
101:
725:
934:
402:
887:
367:) is a brightly colored free-living coral species in the family
729:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
389:
The open brain coral is known to host a species of gall crab,
718:. London: Angus & Robertson Publishers. p. 538.
427:. They are found up to a maximum depth of 40 meters.
443:
Other threats to open brain corals include disease,
963:
738:
371:. It is the only species in the monotypic genus
415:Open brain corals can be found throughout the
377:and can be found throughout the Indo-Pacific.
8:
506:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133260A3659374.en
726:
481:Sheppard, C.; Turak, E.; Wood, E. (2008).
53:
29:
20:
690:
672:
504:
716:Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific
651:van der Meij, Sancia E.T. (2015-04-27).
456:
1159:IUCN Red List near threatened species
7:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
561:
559:
557:
431:observed in marine protected areas.
492:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
540:World Register of Marine Species
78:
158:Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849
1:
1185:
271:Antillia infundibuliformis
1164:Animals described in 1826
258:Yabe & Sugiyama, 1931
250:Yabe & Sugiyama, 1931
206:
199:
184:
177:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
674:10.3897/zookeys.500.9244
632:www.coralsoftheworld.org
568:Zoologische Mededelingen
399:Distribution and habitat
797:trachyphyllia-geoffroyi
784:Trachyphyllia_geoffroyi
770:Trachyphyllia geoffroyi
740:Trachyphyllia geoffroyi
530:Trachyphyllia geoffroyi
485:Trachyphyllia geoffroyi
365:Trachyphyllia geoffroyi
313:Trachyphyllia amarantus
305:Trachyphyllia amarantum
255:Antillia flabelliformis
188:Trachyphyllia geoffroyi
38:Green open brain coral
714:Veron, J.E.N. (1986).
412:
1108:Paleobiology Database
909:Paleobiology Database
628:"Corals of the World"
599:www.marinespecies.org
499:: e.T133260A3659374.
447:, and severe storms.
406:
345:Wellsophyllia radiata
329:Trachyphyllia radiata
321:Trachyphyllia lelandi
337:Turbinolia geoffroyi
665:2015ZooK..500...61V
280:Antillia orientalis
45:Conservation status
413:
411:in a reef aquarium
297:Manicina amarantum
263:Antillia geoffroyi
1146:
1145:
1095:Open Tree of Life
896:Open Tree of Life
732:Taxon identifiers
407:A red variety of
357:
356:
349:
341:
333:
325:
317:
309:
301:
293:
289:Callogyra formosa
284:
275:
267:
259:
251:
238:
230:
222:
170:T. geoffroyi
159:
68:
24:Open brain coral
1176:
1139:
1138:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1050:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1012:
1011:
999:
998:
997:
984:
983:
982:
956:
955:
943:
942:
930:
929:
917:
916:
904:
903:
891:
890:
878:
877:
865:
864:
852:
851:
839:
838:
826:
825:
813:
812:
800:
799:
787:
786:
774:
773:
772:
759:
758:
757:
727:
720:
719:
711:
705:
704:
694:
676:
648:
642:
641:
639:
638:
624:
609:
608:
606:
605:
591:
576:
575:
563:
552:
551:
549:
547:
524:
518:
517:
515:
513:
508:
478:
361:open brain coral
347:
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
282:
273:
265:
257:
249:
247:Antillia duncani
236:
228:
220:
190:
157:
83:
82:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
16:Species of coral
1184:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1002:
993:
992:
987:
978:
977:
972:
959:
951:
946:
938:
933:
925:
920:
912:
907:
899:
894:
886:
881:
873:
868:
860:
855:
847:
842:
834:
829:
821:
816:
808:
803:
795:
790:
782:
777:
768:
767:
762:
753:
752:
747:
734:
724:
723:
713:
712:
708:
650:
649:
645:
636:
634:
626:
625:
612:
603:
601:
593:
592:
579:
565:
564:
555:
545:
543:
526:
525:
521:
511:
509:
480:
479:
458:
453:
437:
401:
383:
353:
352:
266:(Audouin, 1826)
210:
195:
192:
186:
173:
156:
77:
69:
60:Near Threatened
58:
54:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1182:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1127:
1117:
1104:
1091:
1078:
1065:
1052:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1000:
985:
969:
967:
961:
960:
958:
957:
944:
931:
918:
905:
892:
879:
866:
853:
840:
827:
814:
801:
788:
775:
760:
744:
742:
736:
735:
730:
722:
721:
706:
659:(500): 61–72.
643:
610:
577:
553:
519:
455:
454:
452:
449:
436:
433:
400:
397:
382:
379:
355:
354:
351:
350:
342:
334:
332:(Pichon, 1980)
326:
318:
316:(Müller, 1775)
310:
302:
294:
286:
277:
268:
260:
252:
240:
239:
231:
223:
218:Antillophyllia
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
197:
196:
193:
182:
181:
175:
174:
167:
165:
161:
160:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1181:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:Trachyphyllia
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:Trachyphyllia
1005:
1001:
996:
995:Trachyphyllia
990:
986:
981:
975:
971:
970:
968:
966:
965:Trachyphyllia
962:
954:
949:
945:
941:
936:
932:
928:
923:
919:
915:
910:
906:
902:
897:
893:
889:
884:
880:
876:
871:
867:
863:
858:
854:
850:
845:
841:
837:
832:
828:
824:
819:
815:
811:
806:
802:
798:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
771:
765:
761:
756:
750:
746:
745:
743:
741:
737:
733:
728:
717:
710:
707:
702:
698:
693:
688:
684:
680:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
647:
644:
633:
629:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
611:
600:
596:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
578:
573:
569:
562:
560:
558:
554:
541:
537:
533:
531:
523:
520:
507:
502:
498:
494:
493:
488:
486:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
457:
450:
448:
446:
445:acidification
441:
434:
432:
428:
426:
425:New Caledonia
422:
418:
410:
409:Trachyphyllia
405:
398:
396:
395:
392:
387:
380:
378:
376:
375:
374:Trachyphyllia
370:
366:
362:
346:
343:
340:Audouin, 1826
338:
335:
330:
327:
324:Nemenzo, 1971
322:
319:
314:
311:
306:
303:
298:
295:
292:Verrill, 1901
290:
287:
281:
278:
272:
269:
264:
261:
256:
253:
248:
245:
244:
243:
235:
234:Wellsophyllia
232:
229:Verrill, 1901
227:
224:
221:Vaughan, 1932
219:
216:
215:
214:
205:
202:
198:
194:Audouin, 1826
191:
189:
183:
180:
179:Binomial name
176:
172:
171:
166:
163:
162:
155:
154:
153:Trachyphyllia
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
66:
61:
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
964:
739:
715:
709:
656:
646:
635:. Retrieved
631:
602:. Retrieved
598:
571:
567:
544:. Retrieved
535:
529:
522:
510:. Retrieved
496:
490:
484:
442:
438:
429:
417:Indo-Pacific
414:
408:
393:
391:Lithoscaptus
390:
388:
384:
373:
372:
364:
360:
358:
348:Pichon, 1980
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
308:(Dana, 1846)
304:
296:
288:
279:
270:
262:
254:
246:
241:
237:Pichon, 1980
233:
225:
217:
212:
187:
185:
169:
168:
152:
151:
132:Scleractinia
122:Hexacorallia
18:
1169:Merulinidae
1043:iNaturalist
989:Wikispecies
922:SeaLifeBase
818:iNaturalist
764:Wikispecies
574:(27): 1–11.
546:January 20,
512:11 November
419:, from the
381:Description
369:Merulinidae
283:Gerth, 1921
274:Gerth, 1921
142:Merulinidae
1153:Categories
637:2018-03-31
604:2018-03-31
451:References
300:Dana, 1846
242:(Species)
683:1313-2970
226:Callogyra
164:Species:
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
980:Q2368222
974:Wikidata
935:Species+
836:10748811
749:Wikidata
701:25987871
394:semperi.
213:(Genus)
201:Synonyms
138:Family:
112:Cnidaria
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
1123:5757882
1061:1105330
1035:2258918
810:2258919
755:Q149920
692:4432240
661:Bibcode
657:ZooKeys
435:Threats
421:Red Sea
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
1136:204973
1120:uBio:
1087:196279
953:207495
914:178896
901:999958
888:207495
875:196280
862:133260
823:114300
792:ARKive
699:
689:
681:
542:. 2011
1131:WoRMS
1100:43489
1074:53531
1056:IRMNG
1048:92589
948:WoRMS
927:45504
849:53532
831:IRMNG
536:WoRMS
1113:6938
1082:NCBI
1069:ITIS
1030:GBIF
940:4480
883:OBIS
870:NCBI
857:IUCN
844:ITIS
805:GBIF
697:PMID
679:ISSN
548:2012
514:2021
497:2008
359:The
209:List
1017:AFD
1004:ADW
779:AFD
687:PMC
669:doi
501:doi
423:to
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1084::
1071::
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991::
976::
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911::
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859::
846::
833::
820::
807::
794::
781::
766::
751::
695:.
685:.
677:.
667:.
655:.
630:.
613:^
597:.
580:^
572:61
570:.
556:^
538:.
534:.
495:.
489:.
459:^
703:.
671::
663::
640:.
607:.
550:.
532:"
528:"
516:.
503::
487:"
483:"
363:(
285:†
276:†
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
