502:. I will not rest until I have accomplished that." At a speech on the donation of a RAK 2 replica to the Deutsches Museum, von Opel mentioned also Opel engineer Josef Schaberger as a key collaborator. "He belonged," von Opel said, "with the same enthusiasm as Sander to our small secret group, one of the tasks of which was to hide all the preparations from my father, because his paternal apprehensions led him to believe that I was cut out for something better than being a rocket researchist. Schaberger supervised all the details involved in construction and assembly (of rocket cars), and every time I sat behind the wheel with a few hundred pounds of explosives in my rear, and made the first contact, I did so with a feeling of total security As early as 1928, Mr. Schaberger and I developed a liquid rocket, which was definitely the first permanently operating rocket in which the explosive was injected into the combustion chamber and simultaneously cooled using pumps. We used benzol as the fuel," von Opel continued, "and nitrogen tetroxide as the oxidizer. This rocket was installed in a Mueller-Griessheim aircraft and developed a thrust of 70 kg (154 lb.)." By May 1929, the engine produced a thrust of 200 kg (440 lb.) "for longer than fifteen minutes and in July 1929, the Opel RAK collaborators were able to attain powered phases of more than thirty minutes for thrusts of 300 kg (660-lb.) at Opel's works in RĂĽsselsheim," according to Max Valier's account.
435:, and fitted it with rockets. Fritz Stamer was the pilot during the OPEL RAK experimentations with Lippisch's design. Opel did not get the chance to fly it, however, as the aircraft was destroyed by an engine explosion on its second test flight. With a wingspan of just under 40 feet, and a length of some 14 feet, the Ente featured a canoe-like fuselage, canard surfaces, and rudders mounted outboard on a straight rectangular wing. Each of the aircraft's two 44-pound-thrust rocket engines were tightly packed with about eight pounds of black powder. Designed to fire in sequence, the rockets were ignited electrically by the pilot. An automatic counterweight system was set to adjust the aircraft's center of gravity as the rocket fuel was consumed. An elastic launching rope was used to catapult the Ente into the air. After one false start, the aircraft took off and flew a 1,500 metre (4,900 ft) circuit of the Wasserkuppe's landing strip. On the second flight, the team decided to try firing both rockets together for increased thrust over a shorter period. Something went wrong, however, and rather than burning properly, one of the rockets exploded, punching holes in both wings and setting the aircraft alight. Stamer was nevertheless able to bring it down from a height of around 20 metres (65 ft) before hastily abandoning the Ente, which was burned beyond any hope of salvage.
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fuel. The maximum thrust was 45 to 50 kp, with a total burning time of 132 seconds. These properties indicate a gas pressure pumping. The first missile rose so quickly that Sander lost sight of it. Two days later, a second unit was ready to go, Sander tied a 4,000-meter-long rope to the rocket. After 2000 m of rope had been unwound, the line broke and this rocket also disappeared in the area, probably near the Opel proving ground and racetrack in RĂĽsselsheim, the "Rennbahn". The main purpose of these tests was to develop the propulsion system for the aircraft for crossing the
English channel. Therefore, the flights of these two (compared to the airplane) small rockets were not published. The combustion tests with the aircraft rocket engine proved successful. Unfortunately the plane was destroyed during a nightly transport on a truck on the Opel factory grounds, as the senior boss Wilhelm von Opel felt disturbed by the engine noise and wanted to stop this new “dangerous madness” of his son.
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297:, a German pyrotechnical engineer who, in 1923, had purchased H.G. Cordes, a Bremerhaven firm famous for its manufacture of black-powder rockets used mainly for harpoons, signal devices and similar devices. Opel, Sander and Valier joined forces and combined into one entity the financing, the theoretical knowledge, and the practical capability necessary for success. Moreover, von Opel, Valier, and Sander said from the start that their experiments with cars were only a prelude to grander experiments with air- and spacecraft: They agreed on the final goal of working on rocket-powered aircraft at the same time they were building their famous rocket cars, as pre-condition for the anticipated spaceflight application
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338:. Prior to the start Professor Johann SchĂĽtte, Chairman of the Scientific Society of Aviation, and Fritz von Opel held prophetic speeches on the future of rocket-based aviation and spaceflight. After these introductory remarks, mechanics August Becker and Karl Treber then took the tarpaulin off the Opel RAK 2 and carefully pushed it to the start. Eventually the rockets were installed and connected to the ignition mechanism. Police cleared the
293:, or “Spaceflight Society,” a group of later highly influential scientists who would play a major role in making rocket spaceflight a reality. Valier was more interested in publicizing rocketry than marketing Opel automobiles but came to the conclusion that building a successful rocket-powered car would achieve both goals. Von Opel confirmed his interest in realizing Valier's proposal. On behalf of von Opel, Valier eventually contacted
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customers, the aim was the development and demonstration of a rocket-powered aircraft. The group continued their land projects and built RAK 2, designed from the ground up by
Volkhart as a rocket car. It was far larger and more streamlined than its predecessor. The RAK 2 was powered by 24 rockets packing 264 pounds of explosives. On May 23, 1928, Fritz von Opel himself demonstrated the car, Opel RAK 2, on the
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point about rocket aviation and popularized rockets as means of propulsion immensely, causing a so-called global "rocket rumble". The aircraft is sometimes also referred to as the Opel-Hatry RAK.1 or Opel-Sander RAK.1 in acknowledgment of its builder or the supplier of its engines respectively. In still other references it is called the RAK.3 to distinguish it from Opel's previous RAK.1 and
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him, they were convinced, all resources from the Opel company backing would be stopped. A regular Opel test driver, Kurt C. Volkhart, was drafted to pilot the experimental vehicle. March 12, 1928, was selected as the date for the car's first trial run, applying only two rockets, which were to be ignited by conventional string fuses, for low-speed testing.
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propulsion, they elected to use 12 black-powder rockets, mounted in four rows of three rockets each and ignited electrically. The propellant, similar to gunpowder, burned in a subsonic deflagration wave and not in a supersonic detonation wave. A demonstration for the press on April 11, 1928, in RĂĽsselsheim was arranged: Opel
238:. Opel RAK is generally considered the world's first large-scale rocket program, significantly advancing rocket and aviation technology as well as instrumental in popularizing rockets as means of propulsion. In addition Opel RAK demonstrations were also highly successful as publicity stunts for the Opel car company. The
604:; 2 seconds at 472 feet (05:14) Sander-Opel RAK.3 rocket car on 1928 June 23 running on railway tracks; 19 seconds at 475 feet (05:16 to 05:35) Opel-Sander RAK.1 rocket glider in 1928 September, preparation and launch; 6 seconds at 536 feet (05:57 to 06:03) Max Valier sitting and talking in a RAK.6 car.
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The group went to an Opel race car, “RAK 1.” The RAK 1 demonstrator was stripped of its engine and radiator to reduce weight. To help keep the car's wheels on the ground at expected high speeds, the group attached behind each front wheel a small, wing-like stub, set at a negative angle of attack. For
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The impact of Opel RAK was both immediate and long-lasting on later spaceflight pioneers. Opel, Sander, Valier and Hatry had engaged in a program that led directly to use of jet-assisted takeoff for heavily laden aircraft. The German Reich was first to test the approach in August 1929 when a battery
246:, was bought and operated by Opel in context of the Opel RAK program but is not formally designated an Opel RAK series number. Also a rocket-powered RAK-Motoclub motorbike, based on a conventional Opel Motoclub 500 SS and presented at the Berlin Motorshow 1928, did not receive a formal RAK number.
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Max Valier also reports the launch of two experimental liquid-fuel rockets by Sander on April 10 and 12, 1929. In the preface of his book “Raketenfahrt” he describes the size of the rockets as of 21 cm in diameter and with a length of 74 cm, weighing 7 kg empty and 16 kg with
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company made the respective factory and testing track resources in RĂĽsselsheim, Germany, available for their program. The three men began their experiments using a standard Opel automobile. Von Opel wanted to be the test driver, but Sander and Valier talked him out of it. If something happened to
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has short clips of various RAK vehicles: 11 seconds at 436 feet (approximately 04:47) igniters being wired to the Rak.2 car; 2 seconds at 447 feet (approximately 04:58) Max Valier seated in a RAK.2 car labeled "RĂśCKSTOSS VERSUCHS WAGEN"; 2 seconds at 451 feet (approximately 05:00) Fritz von Opel
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Hatry tried to continue the work on his aircraft developments, but was sidelined by the Nazis since he had a Jewish grandfather. He had to start anew and became a screenwriter and documentary filmmaker. Hatry was drawn into theater and fiction, finally his mother convinced him after his father's
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The first public flight came on Sept. 30, 1929. Before a large crowd assembled outside of
Frankfurt, the intrepid von Opel made a successful flight of almost 3.5 km in 75 seconds, reaching an estimated top speed of around 150 km/h. RAK.1 made a hard landing, but it had made an emphatic
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track and von Opel drove the RAK 2 car to a record-setting speed of 238 km/h, successfully mastering the challenge of insufficient downforce from the wings for these velocities. The RAK 2 rockets were operational for a ride of circa three minutes, watched by 3000 spectators and world media,
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Von Opel, Sander and Valier were satisfied by RAK 1's performance, and in particular by the attracted positive publicity for the science of rocketry, but also the Opel company. Nevertheless, it was clear to the RAK program leadership, they had no plans to commercially produce rocket cars for end
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developed and tested the Opel-RAK 1, a converted racing car equipped with Sander rockets instead of an internal combustion engine, was the first rocket powered automobile. During the April 1928 experimentations RAK 1 reached, piloted by
Volkhart, the symbolic speed of 100 km/h in just eight
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Valier continued the rocket development after the Opel RAK break-up on his own. In collaboration with
Heylandt-Werke, he also was focusing his efforts on liquid-fuelled rockets. Their first successful test firing with liquid fuel (five minutes) occurred in the Heylandt plant on 25 January 1930.
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A world record for rail vehicles was reached with RAK3 on June 23, 1928, with the car attaining a top speed of 256 km/h over a 5-km stretch of straight track near
Hanover. Some 20,000 spectators watched RAK 3 breaking the existing world speed record of railcars by nearly 40 km/h. The
570:, the first operational rocket fighter craft. The Opel RAK experiments excited also the interest of the German military, which provided funding for further development of rockets as a replacement for artillery. This led to an array of military applications, among them Germany's
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The amazing thing about Opel’s rocket run on the AVUS track in Berlin is not just the daring feat itself, but its aftermath: Both the public and academics have finally seen the light and have begun to believe in the future of the rocket as an engine for new rapid transit
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and also the Opel company focused its engineering capacities on vehicle development. Von Opel left
Germany before 1930, first to the US and eventually to France and Switzerland where he died. He lived long enough to see the fulfillment of his dreams with the successful
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of solid rocket propellants supported a
Junkers Ju-33 seaplane to get airborne. The Opel RAK experiments had a tremendous influence on Lippisch, whose experience with the rocket-powered "Ente" eventually paved the way to the
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terror weapon, the world's first ballistic missile. After World War II, these German rocket and missile scientists and engineers would have an immense impact on missile and space programs by the United States of
America.
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on 30 September 1929, von Opel is quoted as saying: "Sander and I now want to transfer the liquid rocket from the laboratory to practical use. With the liquid rocket I hope to be the first man to thus fly across the
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resulting international publicity after RAK2 and RAK3 demonstrations was enormous and gave the science of rocketry a major boost. A replica of the RAK 2 rocket-propelled car is on display at the Opel museum in
477:, has a replica of RAK.1 as the world's first dedicated rocket-plane on display. The original aircraft designer of the Opel RAK.1, Julius Hatry, personally supervised the construction of the aircraft replica.
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The idea to build and race a rocket-powered car was suggested to von Opel by Max Valier. After the war, Valier became highly interested in rocketry. Valier, in 1927, became one of the founders of the German
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in
Washington, DC, concluded "Working together, von Opel, Valier, and Sander had thrown a big rock of publicity into the mill pond of science. The ripples have not yet ceased to spread."
367:… Nevertheless, few, if any, among the many thousands of onlookers who witnessed the demonstration on the AVUS track could help but feel that we are poised at the beginning of a new era.
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von Opel, due to a legal battle on her divorce, particularly bitter about the custody of both sons, and because of her public aversion to Nazi leadership, friends of her former husband
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Friedrich Sander, Opel RAK technician August Becker and Opel employee Karl Treber (from right to left) in front of Opel liquid-fuel rocket-plane prototype while test operation
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Valier was killed less than a month later when an alcohol-fuelled rocket exploded on his test bench in Berlin. He is considered the first fatality of the dawning
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for a specialized rocket aircraft. Hatry's design for Opel was rather more elegant than the Ente. With a wingspan of 36 feet and length of 16 feet, the new aircraft
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Opel RAK.4 - rocket rail vehicle, destroyed when a solid rocket exploded on the track, exploding all the other rockets. Railway authorities prohibited further runs.
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Replica of "Raketen-Ente", an Alexander Lippisch designed sailplane, bought by Opel and equipped with two of Friedrich Sander's Opel RAK rockets; on display in
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rocket cars. As it happened, all three names, Opel, Sander, and Hatry were painted on the aircraft (with Opel's most prominent), as was the RAK.1 designation.
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which can be traced back to Opel RAK. His sister Elinor von Opel had to flee Germany in 1935 with her sons, Ernst Wilhelm Sachs von Opel and
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in Washington, DC, the Opel group was also working on liquid-fuel rockets (SPACEFLIGHT, Vol. 21,2, Feb. 1979): In a cabled exclusive to The
450:, under which a pod was suspended to accommodate the pilot and sixteen of Sander's solid rocket engines each with 50 pounds of thrust. The
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242:(meaning “duck” in German), the world's first rocket-powered glider and piloted for its first flight on June 11, 1928, by Fritz Stamer at
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Opel RAK.1 - a rocket car that achieved 75 km/h (47 mph) in March 1928 and more than 100 km/h in April of the same year
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Shortly after these activities and the September 1929 flight of RAK.1, the Opel rocket experiments were brought to an end by the
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seated in a RAK.2 car; 11 seconds at 460 feet (approximately 05:06) Fritz Von Opel drives the RAK.2 car on 1928 May 23 at the
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First demonstration and popularization of rockets as practical means of propulsion for land vehicles, aviation and spaceflight
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Opel RAK.2 - rocket car tested May 23, 1928; reached a speed of 238 km/h (145 mph) driven by 24 solid-fuel rockets
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260:(quoted speed is variously 254 or 290 km/h.) On the second run the vehicle jumped the track and was destroyed.
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but was imprisoned for treason by the Nazis and forced to sell his business, he died in custody 1938.
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1261:"Hatry, Julius (1906-2000) Flugzeugingenieur, Raketenpionier, Filmemacher und Schriftsteller"
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Liquid-fuel rocket development, test launches and a planned flight across the English channel
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Opel RAK.1, world's first public flight of a rocket-powered aircraft on September 30, 1929
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978:(in German). Lorsch/Württemberg, Germany: Verlag Hermann E. Sieger GmbH. pp. 30–48.
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539:. Elinor's German assets were blocked and confiscated by the German Reich government.
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Sander was eventually engaged in the 1930s in German military projects under General
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1074:"Car maker Opel's 1929 publicity stunt to fly world's first rocket-powered aircraft"
666:"Car maker Opel's 1929 publicity stunt to fly world's first rocket-powered aircraft"
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was mounted on booms behind the wing and high out of the way of the rocket exhaust.
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German state-sponsored rocket programs, US state-sponsored rocket and space programs
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Despite the loss of the first rocket plane, von Opel immediately contracted with
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Frank H. Winter, The Von Opel Flights, SPACEFLIGHT, Vol. 21, February 2, 1979
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Fritz von Opel, Max Valier, Friedrich Sander, Kurt C. Volkhart, Julius Hatry
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Rocket-powered Opel RAK.2, RAK-Motoclub motorbike and RAK.1 aircraft replica
551: went on to develop an improved and safer version of Valier's engine.
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Rocket rail vehicle Opel RAK.3 in June 1928 world speed record event near
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https://opel-tv-footage.com/v/The%20RAK%20Protocoll?p=4&c=86&l=1
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689:"Das RAK-Protokoll", a 25 minutes documentary on the Opel RAK program
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Breaking the Chains of Gravity: The Story of Spaceflight before NASA
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article by Walter J. Boyne in Air Force Magazine, September 1, 2004
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Replica of Opel RAK.1, the world's first purpose-built rocket plane
1161:, (in German), Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, pp. 209–232,
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775:"95 years ago: First Human Rocket-Powered Aircraft Flight - NASA"
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1133:"Geschichte der Raketentechnik - Sinn und Grenzen aller Technik"
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2013:
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26:
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The V2 and the German, Russian and American Rocket Program
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867:"Lux's type collection - High Speed Trains - record runs"
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Arbeitsgemeinschaft Daedalus / Raketenflugplatz Berlin
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Deutsche Raketenfahrzeuge auf Strasse, Schiene und Eis
729:"A Century Before Elon Musk, There Was Fritz von Opel"
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death to take over the family's real-estate business.
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Otto Willi Gail, Illustrierte Zeitung, Leipzig, 1928
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P. Friedmann, Das Motorrad No. 12/1928, June 9, 1928
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and many more sports and show business celebrities:
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Infinity Over Zero: Meditations on Maximum Velocity
388:, another one at the "Deutsches Museum" in Munich.
226:car company, in association with others, including
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593:Weltraum Schiff I Startet Eine Technische Fantasie
1062:Alamy Stock photo of the RAK 2 at the Opel museum
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617:
1286:"Space Ship Takeoff, a Technical Fantasy (1928)"
1217:http://www.raketenflugplatz-berlin.de/sander.htm
423:, in June 1928, Fritz von Opel had purchased an
626:https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0904rocket/
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703:"Der erste Jet der Welt war ein Segelflieger"
8:
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218:produced by German automobile manufacturer
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1027:. Kerosene Bomb Publishing. pp. 45–.
950:. German Canadian Museum of. pp. 7–.
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644:. Laurence King Publishing. pp. 59–.
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56:. Please do not remove this message until
1229:"Diese Putzfrau kommt mir nicht ins Haus"
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
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916:
727:Magazine, Smithsonian; Winter, Frank H.
52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
974:Graf Wolff Metternich, Michael (1997).
801:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 12–.
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795:Amy Shira Teitel (22 October 2015).
1049:"Opel Sounds in the Era of Rockets"
1007:Rockets, missiles, and space travel
473:The Mannheim Museum of Technology,
269:- rocket plane flown September 30,
905:. January 15, 2006. Archived from
196:Rocket installation. On the right
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1752:Patent Motor Car, System Lutzmann
1731:(1935–1940, 1947–1953, 1967–1970)
887:. August 14, 2007. Archived from
305:Opel as heir and director of the
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31:
1103:Air & Space Forces Magazine
1131:Von Opel, Fritz (3 May 1968).
991:Mit Raketenkraft ins Weltenall
284:Opel RAK set-up and objectives
279:RAK.3 rocket train during burn
1:
1146:: 4 – via Opel company.
581:National Air and Space Museum
491:National Air and Space Museum
518:Opel RAK break-up and legacy
301:Rocket-powered land vehicles
169:World's first rocket program
119:; 96 years ago
58:conditions to do so are met
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2001:Divisions and subsidiaries
1157:Valier, Max (2019-06-04),
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1341:
1235:(in German). 2005-10-19.
1167:10.1515/9783486761955-006
989:Gail, Otto Willi (1928).
402:Deutsches Segelflugmuseum
291:Verein fĂĽr Raumschiffahrt
93:
993:(in German). p. 72.
638:Keith Lovegrove (2004).
547:. His protégé
446:had a typical sailplane
359:, world boxing champion
295:Friedrich Wilhelm Sander
236:Friedrich Wilhelm Sander
202:Friedrich Wilhelm Sander
2022:Opel Performance Center
1843:(1994–2001, 2004–2009)
1659:(1937–1940, 1962–1991)
1643:(1968–1973, 2006–2009)
1475:(1937–1939, 1964–1977)
1284:Kutter, Anton (1937).
853:"OPEL ROCKET VEHICLES"
822:David Masters (1982).
510:
462:
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392:Opel RAK rocket planes
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2164:Steinmetz Opel Tuning
761:www.daviddarling.info
591:The 1937 German film
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1992:Manta GSe ElektroMOD
1872:Zafira/Zafira Tourer
1624:4/8 PS "Doktorwagen"
1288:. Bavaria Film Kunst
1021:Cole Coonce (2002).
909:on January 15, 2006.
733:Smithsonian Magazine
568:Messerschmitt Me-163
556:Walter R. Dornberger
256:Opel RAK.3 - rocket
928:www.astronautix.com
891:on August 14, 2007.
188:in Northern Germany
90:
45:of this article is
1616:5/12 PS "Puppchen"
1446:Vivaro/Zafira Life
1004:Willy Ley (1961).
825:German Jet Genesis
579:, Director of the
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425:Alexander Lippisch
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1197:Missing or empty
1176:978-3-486-76195-5
1034:978-0-9719977-0-7
957:978-1-894643-05-4
808:978-1-4729-1119-3
651:978-1-85669-407-0
419:After testing at
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356:Woman in the Moon
211:were a series of
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16:(Redirected from
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2012:
1927:Insignia Concept
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1099:"The Rocket Men"
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934:on 3 March 2016.
930:. Archived from
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2124:Vauxhall Motors
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1957:Signum2 Concept
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1410:Frontera (2024)
1398:Crossovers/SUVs
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577:Walter J. Boyne
529:Apollo missions
520:
500:English Channel
487:Frank H. Winter
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174:Rocket Vehicles
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2044:Fritz von Opel
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1937:Meriva Concept
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1159:"Raketenfahrt"
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1051:. 23 May 2018.
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488:
485:According to
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361:Max Schmeling
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332:Avus Speedway
327:
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277:
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240:Lippisch Ente
237:
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69:
66:February 2024
59:
55:
49:
48:
44:
38:
29:
28:
19:
2199:
2186:
2129:GM platforms
1952:Omega V8.com
1889:Concept cars
1767:
1455:Discontinued
1361:Quadricycles
1343:A marque of
1290:. Retrieved
1279:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1232:
1223:
1211:
1199:|title=
1180:, retrieved
1152:
1143:
1139:
1126:
1117:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:
1093:
1082:. Retrieved
1080:. 2022-04-20
1078:www.key.aero
1077:
1068:
1057:
1043:
1023:
1016:
1006:
999:
990:
984:
975:
946:
940:
932:the original
927:
907:the original
897:
889:the original
879:
870:
861:
824:
817:
797:
790:
779:. Retrieved
777:. 2023-06-12
769:
760:
736:. Retrieved
732:
722:
711:. Retrieved
706:
697:
685:
674:. Retrieved
672:. 2022-04-20
670:www.key.aero
669:
660:
640:
633:
592:
590:
587:Film footage
564:
560:
553:
541:
533:Gunter Sachs
521:
512:
484:
472:
464:
440:Julius Hatry
437:
418:
401:
382:
374:
373:
366:
365:
354:
348:
328:
312:
304:
290:
287:
258:rail vehicle
232:Julius Hatry
208:
207:
140:Manufacturer
72:
63:
41:
2232:Rocket cars
2149:Intellilink
2139:PSA engines
2075:Brandenburg
1912:GTC Concept
1875:(1999–2019)
1867:(2001–2018)
1859:(1988–2008)
1851:(1922–1924)
1835:(1937–1938)
1827:(2000–2005)
1819:(1996–1999)
1811:(2003–2008)
1803:(1978–1993)
1795:(1953–1986)
1787:(1928–1929)
1763:(1935–1937)
1755:(1899–1902)
1747:(1986–2004)
1739:(1953–1957)
1723:(1978–1986)
1715:(1998–2021)
1707:(1992–1999)
1699:(2003–2017)
1691:(1970–1988)
1683:(1924–1931)
1675:(2014–2019)
1667:(1939–1970)
1651:(2008–2022)
1635:(1991–2004)
1627:(1909–1910)
1619:(1911–1920)
1611:(1964–1977)
1603:(1983–2018)
1595:(1967–1982)
1587:(1980–1982)
1579:(2013–2019)
1571:(1992–2001)
1563:(1989–1997)
1555:(1930–1975)
1547:(1973–1986)
1539:(1995–2002)
1531:(1981–2012)
1523:(1970–1988)
1515:(1997–2001)
1507:(2017–2019)
1499:(2011–2015)
1491:(2006–2015)
1483:(2000–2014)
1467:(2012–2019)
709:(in German)
537:Willy Sachs
421:Wasserkuppe
406:Wasserkuppe
386:RĂĽsselsheim
343:among them
320:race driver
244:Wasserkuppe
200:, the left
150:Application
2216:Categories
2134:GM engines
2063:Facilities
1712:Movano A/B
1345:Stellantis
1270:2024-02-12
1246:2024-02-12
1182:2024-02-12
1108:2024-02-12
1084:2024-02-12
885:"Historie"
828:. Jane's.
781:2024-02-10
757:"Opel-RAK"
738:2024-02-12
713:2024-02-10
676:2024-02-12
608:References
598:Avus Track
475:Technoseum
444:Opel RAK.1
427:-designed
350:Metropolis
345:Fritz Lang
267:Opel RAK.1
228:Max Valier
43:neutrality
18:Opel RAK.2
2040:(founder)
2038:Adam Opel
1922:HydroGen4
1917:HydroGen3
1897:Flextreme
1824:Speedster
1592:Commodore
1415:Grandland
1405:Crossland
1292:9 January
1241:0174-4909
1140:Opel Post
707:blue News
545:space age
452:tailplane
429:sailplane
326:seconds.
222:, of the
186:Burgwedel
158:Successor
54:talk page
2188:Category
2154:Irmscher
2109:Zaragoza
2085:Eisenach
2008:Vauxhall
1947:Omega V8
1907:Frogster
1704:Monterey
1648:Insignia
1632:Frontera
1608:Diplomat
1600:Corsavan
1584:Chevette
1528:Astravan
1504:Ampera-e
1353:Vehicles
1190:citation
903:"Valier"
641:Railroad
376:devices.
316:engineer
216:vehicles
209:Opel-RAK
132:Designer
89:Opel-RAK
47:disputed
2200:Commons
2090:Gliwice
1832:Super 6
1800:Senator
1728:Olympia
1664:Kapitän
1576:Cascada
1560:Calibra
1472:Admiral
1233:FAZ.NET
122: (
109:Germany
2070:Aspern
2031:People
1977:Tech 1
1972:Slalom
1962:Junior
1864:Vivaro
1856:Vectra
1816:Sintra
1808:Signum
1792:Rekord
1784:Regent
1779:(1928)
1771:(1928)
1696:Meriva
1656:Kadett
1536:Blazer
1520:Ascona
1496:Ampera
1488:Antara
1457:models
1441:Movano
1239:
1173:
1031:
954:
924:"Opel"
832:
805:
648:
602:Berlin
431:, the
336:Berlin
234:, and
213:rocket
166:Status
2117:Other
2105:Tychy
2095:Luton
1982:Trixx
1967:RAK e
1840:Tigra
1744:Omega
1720:Monza
1688:Manta
1568:Campo
1552:Blitz
1512:Arena
1480:Agila
1436:Combo
1420:Mokka
1389:Corsa
1384:Astra
1136:(PDF)
468:RAK.2
334:near
2159:RAK1
1987:Twin
1932:Maxx
1776:RAK2
1672:Karl
1464:Adam
1429:Vans
1377:Cars
1335:Opel
1294:2011
1237:ISSN
1203:help
1171:ISBN
1029:ISBN
952:ISBN
830:ISBN
803:ISBN
646:ISBN
448:wing
433:Ente
353:and
340:AVUS
318:and
307:Opel
224:Opel
144:Opel
124:1928
117:1928
114:Date
40:The
2014:VXR
1768:RAK
1163:doi
600:in
572:V-2
404:at
2218::
1760:P4
1640:GT
1263:.
1231:.
1194::
1192:}}
1188:{{
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