265:
1993:
759:
1022:
4653:
4663:
4643:
1367:
4673:
61:
2138:
458:(1750â1825) Italian composer who was a major contributor to and shaper of Viennese musical life from 1770 to 1820, he also composed successful operas in Italy and Paris, and won admiration from German operagoers as a composer who, in the words of one contemporary critic, âcould bind all the power of German music to the sweet Italian styleâ. His opera
43:, one of the leading figures in the contemporary operatic world. The brief accompanying notes offer an explanation as to why each composer has been considered major. Also included is a section about major women opera composers, compiled from the same lists. For an introduction to operatic history, see
2228:
has much broader roots. There are many references to the tradition of the
Florentine intermedi: the spectacular stage effects, the mythological subject matter, the allegorical figures, the number and scoring of the instruments and the extended choruses". See also Carter, writing about the intermedi
1043:
1390:
with a character-driven plot of some intensity; his later works became increasingly terse, with recurrent melodic fragments, lyrical outbursts and unconventional orchestration serving a diverse collection of source-material â just a few bars of these operas can instantly be identified as
1031:
3270:
This list was compiled by consulting ten lists of great opera composers, created by recognized authorities in the field of opera, and selecting all of the composers who appeared on at least six of these (i.e. all composers on a majority of the lists).
1871:(1913â1976) One of the handful of British opera composers to reach international acclaim, and one of the extremely few composers of 20th century operas that stayed in the standard repertory after their premieres. These operas include his masterworks
1489:
contained little of the conventional singing or action audiences at the premiĂšre had come to expect, but
Debussy used his subtle orchestration to create an elusive, dream-like atmosphere, which still has the power to fascinate listeners
3460:
The composers included in eight of the lists are: Adams, Debussy, Glass, Henze, JanĂĄÄek, Leoncavallo, Menotti, Meyerbeer, Pergolesi, Purcell, Rimsky-Korsakov, Schoenberg, Smetana, Thomas (Ambroise), Tippett, and
1042:
3468:
The composers included in six of the lists are: Barber, BartĂłk, Chabrier, Peter
Maxwell Davies, DvoĆĂĄk, Gay and Pepusch, Gershwin, HalĂ©vy, Peri, Pfitzner, Scarlatti, Schreker, Spontini, Stravinsky, Walton.
3464:
The composers included in seven of the lists are: Auber, Beethoven, Borodin, Cavalli, Cherubini, Cimarosa, Delibes, Hindemith, Mascagni, Offenbach, Prokofiev, Ravel, Saint-Saëns, Shostakovich, and
Gustave
2004:
A number of reasons, including the high cost of production and high status of opera, have been suggested to explain the relatively few women who have been composers of opera, and no woman composer met the
1518:(1864â1949) Strauss was one of very few opera composers in the early years of the 20th century to accept and conquer the challenge laid down by the scale and radical nature of
138:(1602â1676) Amongst the most important of Monteverdi's successors, Cavalli was a major force in spreading opera throughout Italy and also helped introduce it to France. His
3454:
The composers included in all 10 lists cited are: Berg, Britten, Donizetti, Gluck, Handel, Monteverdi, Mozart, Puccini, Rameau, Rossini, Richard
Strauss, Verdi, and Wagner.
800:(1803â1869) Berlioz's attempts to carve out an operatic career for himself were thwarted by an unimaginative musical establishment. Nevertheless, he managed to produce
2082:(21 January 1924 â 26 July 2013) was a prominent Azerbaijani composer, the first professional female author of an opera in the East and Peopleâs Artist of Azerbaijan.
695:(1795â1861) German composer who was the most important exponent of German Romantic opera in the generation between Weber and Wagner. His most successful operas were
2467:
2374:
219:, he endowed his works with a great richness of invention. Rameau's musical daring provoked great controversy in his day, but he was an important influence on
1821:
264:
1195:
is a staple of the repertoire of opera houses the world over. At the time of its premiere, the controversial plot scandalised both critics and the public.
1307:), Massenet was a prolific and versatile writer whose works cover a wide variety of themes. His popularity faded somewhat after the First World War, but
2009:
for inclusion above. However, some experts in our sample disagreed, and named either or both of the women below as comparable to those already listed:
1093:
and a prolific composer of pieces which achieved tremendous success with
Parisian audiences for their catchy melodies and satirical bite such as
3496:
3408:
1712:(1891â1953) Major modern composer in the Russian tradition, Prokofiev produced operas on a wide variety of subjects, from the comic fairy-tale
593:
attained unexpected political influence when a performance in
Brussels in 1830 sparked off a revolution which led to the creation of Belgium.
3302:
1752:, dealing with the problems of an artist in a time of crisis, has been seen as an allegory of Hindemith's situation during the Third Reich.
165:, combining singing, dance and visual spectacle, which would remain the most prestigious French operatic genre for almost a hundred years.
105:
1879:
3787:
4452:
3457:
The composers included in nine of the lists are: Bellini, Berlioz, Bizet, Glinka, Gounod, Lully, Massenet, Mussorgsky, and
Tchaikovsky.
4517:
1644:, a key piece in 20th century music theatre and the only Hungarian work with a secure place in the international operatic repertoire.
1481:
4578:
4462:
3441:
3416:
3398:
3383:
3364:
3345:
3326:
3255:
3234:
3218:
3200:
3191:
3176:
3152:
3131:
3114:
1845:
1066:) a glimpse of Marguerite, and he signs the contract with the Devil, then leaves with him to experience the world. Recorded in 1910.
2886:
1566:(1874â1951) A leading Modernist composer and the deviser of the twelve-tone system, Schoenberg began his operatic career with the
1592:
863:
120:
352:' character Figaro as a main character, as well as writing a substantial number of other operas, some of them in St. Petersburg.
1255:(1841â1894) Had ambitions to write grand operas in the Wagnerian vein, but is now most celebrated for lighter pieces, such as
377:, whose simplicity of musical style and sophisticated dramaturgy were immensely popular, as well as linking pre-revolutionary
946:(1813â1901) Had a long composing career, during which his compositional style kept evolving. Among his most famous works are
4676:
1885:
808:
609:. Master of orchestral colour and atmosphere, Weber was never well served by his librettists, and only one of his works,
4707:
4429:
2068:
1859:
1783:
1095:
709:
126:
1734:, Prokofiev suffered under the Soviet artistic regime, but his work has recently been championed by conductors such as
4697:
4477:
2369:
2156:
1825:, a violent love story set in provincial Russia, scandalised Soviet authorities. He later produced a revised version,
1225:
844:
657:
was the only one of his operas that was continuously performed into the 20th century, but his serious operas, such as
278:
3275:
appears on four of the ten lists consulted, more than any other female composer in the sample. The lists used were:
3062:
31:
composers, as determined by their presence on a majority of compiled lists of significant opera composers. (See the
4552:
4522:
4512:
3489:
2161:
2036:
1925:
1714:
1640:
1155:
890:
669:, are recognised as masterpieces now that singers with appropriate technique are again available to perform them.
4542:
4507:
3782:
2098:
1726:
1101:
802:
300:
220:
4702:
4482:
4457:
4447:
4442:
3546:
2166:
2151:
1979:
1948:
1748:
1327:(1842â1900) English composer who is best known for his series of 14 operatic collaborations with the dramatist
1213:
1209:
proved to be inspiration for generations of
Russian composers on account of its uniquely nationalist character.
227:
3908:
1692:
music which uses tonal conventions harkening back to late romanticism and tragic libretti, Berg's masterworks
2233:(p. 4): "rich display and erudite symbolism made the intermedi an ideal projection of princely magnificence".
615:, is performed with any frequency. Though he died young, his influence on later German composers, especially
4547:
4492:
4487:
1720:
1670:
1658:
1353:
1339:
926:
506:
415:
305:
215:(1683â1764) Most important French opera composer of the 18th century. Following in the genre established by
203:
3280:
1271:
4608:
4527:
4472:
3953:
3576:
3222:
2171:
1992:
1905:
1801:
1676:
1149:
421:
245:
161:
1257:
4537:
4250:
3943:
3482:
2107:
1967:
1943:
1219:
1205:
1107:
852:
824:
399:
40:
1376:
1280:
758:
304:(1714â1787) Was a key figure in the transformation of Baroque into Classical opera, paving the way for
237:
1971:(born 1947) Like Glass, Adams started as a minimalist. His operas dealing with contemporary subjects,
1897:(1926â2012) One of the most widely performed post-World War II opera composers, Henze's works include
743:(1799â1862) Along with Meyerbeer, the best known composer of French grand opera, HalĂ©vy's key work is
4532:
4502:
4497:
4175:
2093:
2054:
1917:(1934â2016) A British modernist of the "Manchester school", Davies wrote many stage works, including
1913:
1746:(1895â1963) German composer who came to prominence in the years following World War I. His key opera
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1500:
1411:
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671:
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211:
193:
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838:
739:
731:
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349:
216:
151:
4662:
627:(1791â1864) The archetypal composer of French grand opera, Meyerbeer's huge extravaganzas such as
4060:
3986:
3601:
1959:
1853:
1829:. Nevertheless, the original became one of the most performed operatic works of the 20th century.
1554:
1290:
1178:
1127:
914:
691:
602:
488:
344:
167:
100:
3883:
3306:
1115:
356:
1522:'s innovative works. He composed several operas that remain extremely popular today, including
4205:
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3412:
3394:
3379:
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3341:
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389:
322:
156:
134:
1357:(1844â1908) Russian composer who wrote colourful operas on legendary and historical subjects.
1217:(1840â1893) Tchaikovsky's international fame as an opera composer mainly rests on two works,
4646:
4409:
4235:
4215:
4200:
4140:
4065:
4011:
3933:
3913:
3777:
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3622:
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3526:
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1708:
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772:
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568:
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536:
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292:
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1839:
1807:
1791:
1756:
1653:
1648:
1620:
1615:
1530:
1514:
1494:
1419:
1333:
1323:
1285:
1121:
870:
675:, his swan-song, has a vast sweep only equalled in the 19th century by the later works of
529:
496:
454:
446:
185:
92:
3878:
3767:
3207:, at 5,448 pages, the largest general reference concerning opera in the English language.
1303:
470:
2338:
Manual of Music: Its
History, Biography and Literature Page 96 Wilber M. Derthick · 1888
4656:
4404:
4329:
4225:
4180:
4160:
4150:
4092:
4006:
3836:
3821:
3679:
3652:
3642:
3536:
3531:
3352:
2894:
2608:
2119:
2031:
1973:
1777:
1762:
1742:
1735:
1606:
1578:
1549:
1524:
1519:
1463:
1455:
1424:
1297:
1163:
1059:
1049:
992:
942:
908:
882:
832:
796:
684:
676:
635:
616:
580:
482:
382:
378:
313:
309:
340:(1732â1809) Haydn wrote nineteen operas including several comic operas and singspiels.
118:. Later, in Venice in the 1640s, he helped make opera a commercially viable form with
4691:
4603:
4598:
4359:
4276:
4190:
4170:
4145:
4120:
4082:
4018:
4001:
3846:
3747:
3591:
3586:
3571:
3375:
3333:
3245:
3186:
3166:
3142:
3138:
2123:
2115:
2023:
1938:
1899:
1833:
1586:
1567:
1544:
1328:
1185:
1063:
1054:
1010:
778:
629:
540:(1774â1851) Though Italian, Spontini is best known for his work in France during the
179:
3104:
3065:
Women Writing Opera: Creativity and Controversy in the Age of the French Revolution.
4666:
4613:
4414:
4374:
4255:
4125:
4043:
4033:
3928:
3873:
3757:
3647:
3581:
3556:
3241:
3162:
2143:
2111:
1933:
1873:
1857:(1911â2007) Italian American composer, particularly famous for the Christmas piece
1731:
1700:
1301:(1842â1912) Arguably the most representative French opera composer of his era (the
960:
697:
562:
511:
427:
336:
232:
172:
1435:
1409:
is a staple of the operatic repertoire and is usually given alongside Mascagni's
1153:(1835â1921). French composer of around a dozen operas of which one, the Biblical
1041:
528:, a tale of freedom from political oppression, which has become one of the major
4593:
4583:
4399:
4324:
4309:
4245:
4220:
4195:
3976:
3918:
3898:
3841:
3799:
3762:
3752:
3293:
3272:
2221:
2062:
2049:
1472:
1386:) blended folksong-like melodies and an emphasis on natural speech-rhythms Ă la
1229:. Less interested in cultivating a uniquely Russian style than his contemporary
1174:
1141:
966:
814:
585:
394:
328:
287:
283:
251:
198:
76:
64:
36:
1795:(1905â1998) Probably the most famous British composer to follow in the wake of
1139:(1833â1887) A "weekend composer" who spent 17 years working on a single opera,
912:(1813â1883) Wagner revolutionised opera. In a series of "music dramas" such as
308:, though his influence stretched much further into the 19th century, with both
183:(1659â1695) First English operatic composer of significance. His masterwork is
114:(1607) he blended Peri's experiments in opera with the lavish spectacle of the
4419:
4369:
4349:
4344:
4314:
4281:
4135:
4130:
4110:
3968:
3948:
3888:
3856:
3721:
3716:
2607:
says Saint-Saëns wrote 13 operas, including his part in an unfinished work by
2133:
1799:, Tippett wrote operas exploring metaphysical and social themes. They include
1704:
have stayed in the repertory and assumed increased popularity after his death.
1684:
1345:
1075:
972:
931:
784:
703:
659:
546:
110:
17:
836:(1804â1857) Founded the Russian operatic tradition with his historical drama
4628:
4618:
4588:
4384:
4364:
4318:
4304:
4299:
4230:
4072:
4038:
4023:
3996:
3923:
3903:
3861:
3809:
3804:
3694:
3684:
3657:
3637:
3632:
1689:
1572:
1506:
1476:
1468:
1405:
1366:
1238:
954:
648:
606:
442:
115:
2026:
era. She was also known by the nickname "La Cecchina", given to her by the
1618:
in popularity but, as a Jew, he fell foul of the Nazis. His operas include
1382:
1119:(1824â1884) Established Czech national opera with such historical epics as
1105:. At the time of his death, Offenbach was working on a more serious opera,
60:
1014:
still holds the stage today, in spite of criticisms of its "Victorianism".
441:
are among the most popular operas in the repertoire today, along with his
4623:
4339:
4185:
4077:
4048:
3958:
3866:
3814:
3794:
3726:
3699:
3689:
3674:
2027:
1485:
is a key work in 20th century music drama. In many ways an "anti-opera",
1169:
1090:
920:
745:
541:
465:
361:
81:
255:
set the standard in his day. Handel composed a series of over 30 operas.
4394:
4379:
3981:
3938:
3669:
3332:"The Standard Repertoire of Grand Opera 1607â1969", a list included in
1694:
1674:, Stravinsky bucked 20th century trends by composing a "number" opera,
1445:
are among the most popular and well-recognised in the repertoire today.
1400:
1309:
1276:
948:
665:
555:
524:
408:
365:
140:
2137:
4389:
4354:
3664:
3627:
3288:
1243:
1234:
1191:
984:
876:
404:
369:
1558:
which explores the debate between tradition and innovation in music.
130:, one of the earliest operas in the present-day operatic repertoire.
749:, a story of religious intolerance set in 15th century Switzerland.
725:, Donizetti is generally acknowledged as one of the masters of the
4115:
4055:
3831:
3505:
2030:
and probably a diminutive of "Francesca". She was the daughter of
1991:
1983:, have gained critical acclaim and provoked political controversy.
1760:(1898â1937) Owes his place in the standard operatic repertoire to
1429:
1365:
1315:
757:
501:
348:(1740â1816) Italian composer who wrote the first opera to include
263:
86:
59:
44:
28:
4334:
4027:
3617:
3471:
Judith Weir was included in four lists; Dame Ethel Smyth in two.
2019:
978:
935:
39:, who wrote the first ever opera in late 16th century Italy, to
3478:
996:(1818â1893) Wrote lyrical operas on literary themes, including
788:, Bellini is recognised as one of the leading composers of the
510:. The title role has proved a challenge to sopranos (including
201:, Scarlatti claimed to have composed over 100 operas, of which
3370:"A Bird's Eye View of the World's Chief Opera Composers" in
3124:
EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica: Macropedia Volume 24, 15th edition.
2066:(born 1954) Began composing full-length operas in 1987 with
2052:; however, she also wrote several operas of note, including
2040:, is widely considered the oldest opera by a woman composer.
1863:, the first opera to be written specifically for television.
1020:
2018:(18 September 1587 â after 1641) Italian composer, singer,
1596:, set in the world of childhood, and the Spanish-flavoured
3237:). Contributions are by noted specialists in their fields.
332:
and write music of "beautiful simplicity" (his own words).
326:
onwards, he sought to throw off the formal conventions of
566:(1782â1871) French composer celebrated for high-spirited
3474:
2644:
2642:
2452:
2450:
2220:(p. 678) writes: "Monteverdi's recitative owes much to
1453:(1860â1956) French composer famous for a single opera,
930:, Wagner abolished the traditional distinction between
155:(1632â1687) In close collaboration with the librettist
1471:, Debussy finished only one opera, but his setting of
1145:, which now forms a key part of the Russian repertory.
2048:(1858â1944) Perhaps most famous for her work for the
1590:(1875â1937) Wrote two short, but innovative, operas:
1203:(1839â1881) Mussorgsky completed only one opera, but
605:
opera in order to challenge the dominance of Italian
419:(1756â1791) Mozart's series of comic collaborations (
1837:(1910â1981) American who composed two major operas,
1504:, usually given in a double-bill with Leoncavallo's
938:
and pioneered a new through-composed style of opera.
4561:
4428:
4290:
4269:
4103:
3967:
3735:
3610:
3512:
3281:"Graeme Kay's Guide to Opera, produced for the BBC"
1498:(1863â1945) Italian composer, famous above all for
828:, has also been staged as an opera in recent years.
1319:still make regular appearances in the opera house.
1267:, which were greatly admired by Ravel and Poulenc.
894:(1813â1887) English composer noted for the operas
729:style. His masterwork is generally cited as being
1293:legend, is his most popular work internationally.
1275:(1841â1904) Leading Czech opera composer between
874:(1811â1896) French composer noted for the operas
393:(1749â1801) Italian composer most famous for the
171:(1673) is often regarded as the first example of
3393:ed. Greenfield, March and Layton (1993 edition)
3378:(10th edition revised by John Owen Ward, 1970).
2465:A. Dean Palmer. "Marschner, Heinrich August" in
47:. The organisation of the list is by birthdate.
2761:
2759:
2518:
2516:
2468:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2375:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1937:(born 1937) A leading American composer of the
403:, which forms a bridge between the comedies of
2668:Tchaikovsky: A Biographical and Critical Study
1819:(1906â1975) Shostakovich's most famous opera,
1610:(1878â1934) Austrian composer associated with
468:. Among his other most successful operas were
146:" the most popular opera of the 17th century".
3490:
3340:(OUP, 1996; paperback edition Pimlico, 1997)
3289:"The "Opera" EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica article"
2283:
2281:
1399:(1857â1919) Italian composer associated with
766:, 1886 (National Gallery of Modern Art, Rome)
197:(1660â1725) Key figure in the development of
8:
3391:The Penguin Guide to Opera on Compact Discs
2893:. W. W. Norton & Company. Archived from
2106:Other notable women opera composers include
1947:, a collaboration with the theatre director
1035:: "O merveille! ... A moi les plaisirs"
1459:, set in a working class district of Paris.
282:(1710â1736) Though Pergolesi also composed
3497:
3483:
3475:
1941:, Glass first came to fame with the opera
1380:(1854â1928) JanĂĄÄek's first mature opera (
1233:, Tchaikovsky also shows the influence of
286:, his most influential work was the short
231:(1667â1752) Arranger of the first English
35:for full details.) The composers run from
3351:Composers mentioned in the chronology by
3303:"Opera," in Columbia Encyclopedia online"
368:) composer crucial to the development of
1131:has entered the international repertory.
776:(1801â1835) On account of such works as
316:acknowledging their debt to him. In his
84:who composed both the first opera ever,
3357:The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera
3168:The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera
3126:"Opera" in "Musical forms and genres".
2666:David Brown (author of the four-volume
2231:The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera
2188:
2022:, poet, and music teacher of the early
1552:, Pfitzner is best known for the opera
1423:(1858â1924) The only true successor to
90:(1598), and the first surviving opera,
3389:Composers with recordings included in
1073:
856:(1808â1870) Irish composer, his opera
3147:. World of Art, Thames & Hudson.
3103:Boyden, Matthew; et al. (1997).
924:, and most of all his epic tetralogy
464:was composed for the inauguration of
7:
3078:
2006:
1822:Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District
1781:(1902â1983) Walton's major opera is
639:were immensely popular in their day.
32:
4672:
3171:. London: Oxford University Press.
2442:Oxford Illustrated History of Opera
1331:, including such enduring works as
1167:(1836â1891) French composer, whose
721:(1797â1848) Along with Rossini and
504:, Cherubini's most famous opera is
3436:by Matthew Boyden. (2002 edition)
3229:, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.
1638:(1881â1945) Wrote only one opera,
522:(1770â1827) Wrote only one opera,
104:(1567â1643) Generally regarded as
25:
4579:Cross-dressing in music and opera
3192:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
3089:Alexander and Savino (1997) p. 20
2034:. Her only surviving stage work,
1582:was left unfinished at his death.
862:is notable for its Arline's aria
159:, Lully founded the tradition of
4671:
4661:
4652:
4651:
4641:
2136:
2092:(born 1976) Commissioned by the
1652:(1882â1971) After composing the
1074:Problems playing this file? See
1039:
4642:
1189:(1838â1875) Bizet's masterwork
651:with grand opera. His immortal
480:(the Italian version of French
235:, the biting political satire,
3247:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
1951:. Many stage works (including
1089:(1819â1880) Founder of French
812:and his masterpiece, the epic
106:the first major opera composer
27:This list provides a guide to
1:
3372:The Oxford Companion to Music
1688:(1885â1935) Because of their
514:) since its premiere in 1797.
121:Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria
2069:A Night at the Chinese Opera
1860:Amahl and the Night Visitors
1427:in Italian opera, Puccini's
268:Gluck in a 1775 portrait by
4453:Historical opera characters
3227:The New Penguin Opera Guide
2157:Category:Operas by composer
279:Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
4724:
4518:Operas set in the Crusades
3405:The New Kobbe's Opera Book
2162:List of operas by composer
2102:, which premiered in 2017.
2037:La liberazione di Ruggiero
1996:Drawing of Ethel Smith by
1926:The Martyrdom of St Magnus
1715:The Love for Three Oranges
1593:L'enfant et les sortilĂšges
1548:(1869â1949) A follower of
891:George Alexander Macfarren
4637:
4463:Azerbaijani opera singers
2318:Oxford Companion to Music
2099:Momo and the Time Thieves
1880:A Midsummer Night's Dream
1718:, to the dark and occult
1614:, Schreker once rivalled
1102:Orpheus in the Underworld
842:and his fairy tale piece
710:Der Templer und die JĂŒdin
301:Christoph Willibald Gluck
127:L'incoronazione di Poppea
33:"Lists Consulted" section
4226:Special effects director
3788:ComĂ©die mĂȘlĂ©e d'ariettes
3547:Western opera in Chinese
3426:The Rough Guide to Opera
3144:Opera: A Concise History
2670:, Gollancz, 1978â91) in
2372:. "Salieri, Antonio" in
2368:Jane Schatkin Hettrick,
2216:Professor Tim Carter in
2167:List of important operas
2152:Category:Opera composers
1980:The Death of Klinghoffer
1214:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
500:(1760â1842) Follower of
228:Johann Christoph Pepusch
3317:'s introduction to the
3313:Composers mentioned in
1641:Duke Bluebeard's Castle
1354:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
1340:The Pirates of Penzance
927:Der Ring des Nibelungen
416:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
4609:Orchestral enhancement
4246:Supporting role singer
3783:Comédie en vaudevilles
3577:Opera in Latin America
3424:"Table of Contents of
3211:The Viking Opera Guide
3106:Opera, the Rough Guide
2172:List of Orphean operas
2001:
1988:Female opera composers
1906:Elegy for Young Lovers
1802:The Midsummer Marriage
1371:
1025:
767:
530:German language operas
422:The Marriage of Figaro
273:
249:(1685â1759) Handel's
246:George Frideric Handel
71:
4538:Science fiction opera
4468:Major opera composers
3944:Science fiction opera
3244:; West, Ewan (1992).
2914:Britannica p. 637 C.1
2741:Britannica p. 638 C.2
2648:Britannica p. 637 C.2
2570:Britannica p. 633 C.1
2456:Britannica p. 631 C.2
2108:Peggy Glanville-Hicks
1995:
1944:Einstein on the Beach
1886:The Turn of the Screw
1369:
1177:and as a vehicle for
1159:, is still performed.
1108:The Tales of Hoffmann
1024:
853:Michael William Balfe
825:La damnation de Faust
761:
400:Il matrimonio segreto
267:
207:is a notable example.
63:
51:Major opera composers
4176:Charge scenic artist
1914:Peter Maxwell Davies
1846:Antony and Cleopatra
1784:Troilus and Cressida
1680:, using diatonicism.
1662:and the near-operas
1501:Cavalleria rusticana
1482:Pelléas et Mélisande
1412:Cavalleria rusticana
809:Béatrice et Bénédict
601:(1786â1826) Founded
598:Carl Maria von Weber
590:La muette de Portici
519:Ludwig van Beethoven
381:comedy to the later
212:Jean-Philippe Rameau
194:Alessandro Scarlatti
4708:Opera-related lists
4574:Country house opera
4478:North Korean operas
4261:Wardrobe supervisor
4241:Supernumerary actor
4166:Lighting technician
3954:Tragédie en musique
3515:national traditions
3309:on October 5, 2009.
1998:John Singer Sargent
1816:Dmitri Shostakovich
1677:The Rake's Progress
1450:Gustave Charpentier
1396:Ruggero Leoncavallo
1226:The Queen of Spades
1179:coloratura sopranos
1173:is notable for its
1150:Camille Saint-Saëns
845:Ruslan and Lyudmila
839:A Life for the Tsar
762:Giuseppe Verdi, by
732:Lucia di Lammermoor
461:Europa riconosciuta
162:tragédie en musique
152:Jean-Baptiste Lully
4698:Lists of composers
4553:Zarzuela composers
4523:Operetta composers
4513:Operas by composer
4061:Tenore contraltino
3909:Pastorale héroïque
3602:Opera in Venezuela
3319:Viking Opera Guide
3050:Viking Opera Guide
3038:Viking Opera Guide
3026:Viking Opera Guide
3014:Viking Opera Guide
2993:Viking Opera Guide
2981:Viking Opera Guide
2960:Viking Opera Guide
2948:Viking Opera Guide
2936:Viking Opera Guide
2924:Viking Opera Guide
2865:Viking Opera Guide
2853:Viking Opera Guide
2841:Viking Opera Guide
2829:Viking Opera Guide
2817:Viking Opera Guide
2796:Viking Opera Guide
2775:Viking Opera Guide
2751:Viking Opera Guide
2730:Viking Opera Guide
2718:Viking Opera Guide
2696:Viking Opera Guide
2684:Viking Opera Guide
2672:Viking Opera Guide
2625:Viking Opera Guide
2601:Viking Opera Guide
2589:Viking Opera Guide
2541:Viking Opera Guide
2490:Viking Opera Guide
2421:Viking Opera Guide
2409:Viking Opera Guide
2388:Viking Opera Guide
2348:Viking Opera Guide
2297:Viking Opera Guide
2273:Viking Opera Guide
2243:Viking Opera Guide
2224: ... However
2218:Viking Opera Guide
2196:Viking Opera Guide
2094:Royal Danish Opera
2002:
1854:Gian Carlo Menotti
1827:Katerina Ismailova
1671:The Soldier's Tale
1576:. His major opera
1372:
1128:The Bartered Bride
1125:. His folk comedy
1058:: MéphistophélÚs (
1026:
915:Tristan und Isolde
864:Gipsy Girl's Dream
768:
692:Heinrich Marschner
647:(1792â1868) Links
544:. His masterpiece
345:Giovanni Paisiello
274:
238:The Beggar's Opera
168:Cadmus et Hermione
101:Claudio Monteverdi
72:
4685:
4684:
4543:Television operas
4508:Opera librettists
4206:Property designer
3827:Dramma per musica
3542:Azerbaijani opera
3338:Europe: a History
3068:by Katherine Kolb
2636:Orrey pp. 156â157
2561:Orrey pp. 137â147
2552:Orrey pp. 168â169
2501:Orrey pp. 129â133
2079:Shafiga Akhundova
2015:Francesca Caccini
1939:minimalist school
1894:Hans Werner Henze
1599:L'heure espagnole
1563:Arnold Schoenberg
1537:Der Rosenkavalier
1467:(1862â1918) Like
1264:Le roi malgré lui
1252:Emmanuel Chabrier
1200:Modest Mussorgsky
1136:Alexander Borodin
1096:La Vie parisienne
1086:Jacques Offenbach
1044:
999:Roméo et Juliette
859:The Bohemian Girl
803:Benvenuto Cellini
718:Gaetano Donizetti
654:Barber of Seville
644:Gioachino Rossini
624:Giacomo Meyerbeer
390:Domenico Cimarosa
323:Orfeo ed Euridice
157:Philippe Quinault
135:Francesco Cavalli
16:(Redirected from
4715:
4675:
4674:
4665:
4655:
4654:
4647:Outline of opera
4645:
4644:
4458:Prominent operas
4448:Christmas operas
4443:Argentine operas
4410:Vocal resonation
4291:Singing concepts
4151:Costume designer
4066:Tenore di grazia
3934:Romantische Oper
3914:Posse mit Gesang
3623:Aria di sorbetto
3611:Opera components
3597:Opera in Ukraine
3552:Opera in English
3527:Origins of opera
3522:History of opera
3499:
3492:
3485:
3476:
3435:
3310:
3305:. Archived from
3298:
3284:
3261:
3206:
3182:
3158:
3120:
3090:
3087:
3081:
3079:#Lists consulted
3075:
3069:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2891:Composers online
2883:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2716:Graham Dixon in
2714:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2637:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2089:Svitlana Azarova
2045:Dame Ethel Smyth
1868:Benjamin Britten
1797:Benjamin Britten
1749:Mathis der Maler
1709:Sergei Prokofiev
1627:Die Gezeichneten
1442:Madama Butterfly
1247:in these pieces.
1156:Samson et Delila
1046:
1045:
1023:
773:Vincenzo Bellini
764:Giovanni Boldini
740:Fromental Halévy
537:Gaspare Spontini
477:Axur, re d'Ormus
439:Lorenzo Da Ponte
293:La serva padrona
270:Joseph Duplessis
21:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4703:Opera composers
4688:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4633:
4569:Concert version
4557:
4493:Opera festivals
4488:Opera directors
4483:Opera companies
4424:
4292:
4286:
4265:
4216:Set constructor
4099:
3992:Soprano sfogato
3963:
3894:Opera semiseria
3743:Azione teatrale
3731:
3606:
3567:Hungarian opera
3562:Opera in German
3514:
3508:
3503:
3422:
3411:(1997 edition)
3321:(1993 edition)
3315:Nicholas Kenyon
3301:
3287:
3279:
3268:
3266:Lists consulted
3258:
3240:
3203:
3185:
3179:
3161:
3155:
3137:Orrey, Leslie;
3136:
3117:
3102:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2946:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2674:, pp. 1083â1095
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2142:
2135:
2132:
1990:
1808:The Knot Garden
1792:Michael Tippett
1773:
1757:George Gershwin
1721:The Fiery Angel
1659:The Nightingale
1654:Rimsky-Korsakov
1649:Igor Stravinsky
1621:Der ferne Klang
1616:Richard Strauss
1515:Richard Strauss
1495:Pietro Mascagni
1420:Giacomo Puccini
1370:Giacomo Puccini
1364:
1334:H.M.S. Pinafore
1324:Arthur Sullivan
1289:, based on the
1116:BedĆich Smetana
1081:
1080:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:) gives Faust (
1047:
1040:
1037:
1027:
1021:
871:Ambroise Thomas
820:dramatic legend
792:style of opera.
756:
603:German Romantic
497:Luigi Cherubini
455:Antonio Salieri
447:The Magic Flute
262:
186:Dido and Aeneas
58:
53:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4721:
4719:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4690:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4669:
4659:
4649:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4528:Orphean operas
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4473:Mexican operas
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4405:Vocal register
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4330:Coup de glotte
4327:
4322:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4293:and techniques
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4256:Video designer
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4161:Make-up artist
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4093:Basso profondo
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4031:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:Festa teatrale
3834:
3829:
3824:
3822:Dramma giocoso
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3736:Types of opera
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3680:Divertissement
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3653:Insertion aria
3650:
3645:
3643:Catalogue aria
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3537:Armenian opera
3534:
3532:Albanian opera
3529:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3420:
3402:
3387:
3368:
3353:Mary Ann Smart
3349:
3330:
3311:
3299:
3285:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3238:
3223:Holden, Amanda
3208:
3201:
3189:, ed. (1992).
3187:Sadie, Stanley
3183:
3177:
3165:, ed. (1994).
3159:
3153:
3139:Milnes, Rodney
3134:
3121:
3115:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3082:
3070:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2907:
2878:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2800:
2788:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2734:
2722:
2709:
2700:
2688:
2676:
2659:
2650:
2638:
2629:
2617:
2613:opéra comiques
2593:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2533:
2524:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2482:
2473:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2392:
2380:
2361:
2352:
2340:
2331:
2322:
2310:
2301:
2289:
2277:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2235:
2209:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2131:
2128:
2120:Rachel Portman
2104:
2103:
2084:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2059:
2041:
2032:Giulio Caccini
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1974:Nixon in China
1964:
1930:
1910:
1890:
1864:
1850:
1830:
1812:
1788:
1778:William Walton
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1763:Porgy and Bess
1753:
1743:Paul Hindemith
1739:
1736:Valery Gergiev
1705:
1681:
1645:
1631:
1607:Franz Schreker
1603:
1583:
1579:Moses und Aron
1559:
1541:
1511:
1491:
1464:Claude Debussy
1460:
1446:
1425:Giuseppe Verdi
1416:
1392:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1320:
1298:Jules Massenet
1294:
1272:AntonĂn DvoĆĂĄk
1268:
1248:
1210:
1196:
1182:
1160:
1146:
1132:
1112:
1071:
1060:Marcel Journet
1050:Charles Gounod
1048:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
993:Charles Gounod
989:
943:Giuseppe Verdi
939:
909:Richard Wagner
905:
887:
867:
849:
833:Mikhail Glinka
829:
797:Hector Berlioz
793:
755:
752:
751:
750:
736:
714:
688:
672:Guillaume Tell
640:
620:
619:, was immense.
612:Der FreischĂŒtz
594:
581:Le domino noir
569:opéra comiques
559:
542:Napoleonic era
533:
515:
493:
451:
434:CosĂŹ fan tutte
412:
386:
353:
341:
333:
297:
261:
258:
257:
256:
242:
224:
208:
190:
176:
148:
131:
97:
57:
54:
52:
49:
24:
18:Opera composer
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4720:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4678:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4658:
4650:
4648:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4604:Opera glasses
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:Miscellaneous
4560:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
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4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4430:List articles
4427:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4360:Messa di voce
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:Breeches role
4275:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Stage manager
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:Pit orchestra
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4141:Opera manager
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:Choreographer
4124:
4122:
4121:Ballet dancer
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Bass-baritone
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:Mezzo-soprano
4017:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3955:
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3950:
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3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:Literaturoper
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3778:Opéra comique
3776:
3774:
3773:Opéra bouffon
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3748:Chamber opera
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3706:
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3701:
3698:
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3671:
3668:
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3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Spanish opera
3590:
3588:
3587:Russian opera
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:Italian opera
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
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3517:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3443:
3442:1-85828-749-9
3439:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3417:0-399-14332-7
3414:
3410:
3409:Lord Harewood
3406:
3403:
3400:
3399:0-14-046957-5
3396:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3384:0-19-311306-6
3381:
3377:
3376:Percy Scholes
3373:
3369:
3366:
3365:0-19-816282-0
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3346:0-7126-6633-8
3343:
3339:
3335:
3334:Norman Davies
3331:
3328:
3327:0-670-81292-7
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3265:
3259:
3257:0-19-869164-5
3253:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3242:Warrack, John
3239:
3236:
3235:0-14-029312-4
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3219:0-670-81292-7
3216:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3202:0-333-73432-7
3198:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3178:0-19-816282-0
3174:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3163:Parker, Roger
3160:
3156:
3154:0-500-20217-6
3150:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3132:0-85229-434-4
3129:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3116:1-85828-138-5
3112:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3043:
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3034:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2961:
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2953:
2949:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2897:on 2006-05-30
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
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2870:
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2854:
2849:
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2257:
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2239:
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2223:
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2213:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2124:Olga Neuwirth
2121:
2117:
2116:Missy Mazzoli
2113:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:Robert Wilson
1946:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1900:The Bassarids
1896:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1834:Samuel Barber
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1818:
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1813:
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1803:
1798:
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1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1727:War and Peace
1724:and the epic
1723:
1722:
1717:
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1703:
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1617:
1613:
1612:Expressionism
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:Maurice Ravel
1584:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1568:Expressionist
1565:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1545:Hans Pfitzner
1542:
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1361:
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1329:W. S. Gilbert
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1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:Eugene Onegin
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:Boris Godunov
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1186:Georges Bizet
1183:
1180:
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1103:
1098:
1097:
1092:
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1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1065:
1064:Enrico Caruso
1061:
1057:
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868:
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855:
854:
850:
847:
846:
841:
840:
835:
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830:
827:
826:
821:
818:,. Berlioz's
817:
816:
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804:
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780:
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630:Les Huguenots
626:
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587:
583:
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418:
417:
413:
410:
406:
402:
401:
396:
392:
391:
387:
384:
380:
376:
375:
374:opéra comique
371:
367:
364:(present day
363:
359:
358:
354:
351:
347:
346:
342:
339:
338:
334:
331:
330:
325:
324:
319:
318:reform operas
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:
298:
295:
294:
289:
285:
281:
280:
276:
275:
271:
266:
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218:
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209:
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200:
196:
195:
191:
188:
187:
182:
181:
180:Henry Purcell
177:
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158:
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153:
149:
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143:
142:
137:
136:
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107:
103:
102:
98:
95:
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79:
78:
74:
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70:
69:La pellegrina
66:
62:
55:
50:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
4614:Regietheater
4599:Opera gloves
4533:Radio operas
4503:Opera houses
4498:Opera genres
4467:
4415:Vocal weight
4375:Sprechgesang
4146:Set designer
4104:Participants
4044:Haute-contre
4034:Countertenor
3929:Rescue opera
3884:Opéra féerie
3879:Opéra-ballet
3874:Number opera
3852:Mugham opera
3768:Opéra bouffe
3758:Ballad opera
3648:Da capo aria
3582:Polish opera
3557:French opera
3465:Charpentier.
3448:
3447:
3431:
3425:
3404:
3390:
3371:
3359:(OUP, 1994)
3356:
3337:
3318:
3307:the original
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3009:
3004:Orrey p. 234
3000:
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2971:Orrey p. 232
2967:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2910:
2899:. Retrieved
2895:the original
2890:
2887:"Alban Berg"
2881:
2876:Orrey p. 220
2872:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2816:
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2807:Orrey p. 213
2803:
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2786:Orrey p. 216
2782:
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2765:Orrey p. 225
2750:
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2712:
2707:Orrey p. 156
2703:
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2657:Orrey p. 182
2653:
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2596:
2588:
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2579:Orrey p. 177
2575:
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2531:Orrey p. 180
2527:
2522:Orrey p. 154
2510:Orrey p. 153
2506:
2497:
2489:
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2480:Orrey p. 134
2476:
2466:
2461:
2441:
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2432:Orrey p. 140
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2399:Orrey p. 139
2395:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2370:John A. Rice
2364:
2359:Orrey p. 101
2355:
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2144:Opera portal
2112:Lori Laitman
2105:
2097:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2061:
2055:The Wreckers
2053:
2050:suffragettes
2043:
2035:
2013:
2003:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1942:
1934:Philip Glass
1932:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1884:
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1874:Peter Grimes
1872:
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1814:
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1800:
1790:
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1771:1900âpresent
1761:
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1732:Shostakovich
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1377:LeoĆĄ JanĂĄÄek
1375:
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1304:Belle Ăpoque
1302:
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1241:and Bizet's
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961:Il Trovatore
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579:
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563:Daniel Auber
561:
545:
535:
523:
517:
512:Maria Callas
505:
495:
487:
481:
475:
471:Les DanaĂŻdes
469:
459:
453:
445:
432:
428:Don Giovanni
426:
420:
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398:
388:
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360:(1741â1813)
357:André Grétry
355:
350:Beaumarchais
343:
337:Joseph Haydn
335:
327:
321:
317:
299:
291:
284:opera serias
277:
250:
244:
236:
233:ballad opera
226:
210:
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173:French opera
166:
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119:
109:
99:
91:
85:
80:(1561â1633)
75:
68:
67:as Arion in
26:
4677:WikiProject
4594:Opera cloak
4584:Opera house
4420:Voice types
4400:Vocal range
4325:Convenienze
4310:Chest voice
4221:Set dresser
4196:Prima donna
4116:Choirmaster
3977:Boy soprano
3969:Voice types
3919:Radio opera
3899:Opera seria
3842:Grand opera
3800:Savoy opera
3763:Opera buffa
3753:Comic opera
3513:History and
3294:Answers.com
3273:Judith Weir
2777:pp. 202â204
2444:pp. 146â150
2350:pp. 216â218
2329:Orrey p. 85
2308:Orrey p. 59
2287:Orrey p. 40
2263:Orrey p. 55
2254:Orrey p. 35
2207:Orrey p. 18
2063:Judith Weir
2028:Florentines
1963:) followed.
1635:BĂ©la BartĂłk
1473:Maeterlinck
1175:Flower Duet
1164:LĂ©o Delibes
1142:Prince Igor
967:La traviata
815:Les Troyens
636:Le prophĂšte
586:grand opera
575:Fra Diavolo
550:influenced
395:opera buffa
329:opera seria
288:opera buffa
252:opera serie
204:La Griselda
199:opera seria
77:Jacopo Peri
65:Jacopo Peri
37:Jacopo Peri
4692:Categories
4370:Portamento
4350:Head voice
4345:Falsettone
4315:Coloratura
4270:Role types
4251:Technician
4211:Répétiteur
4136:Impresario
4131:Dramaturge
3987:Coloratura
3949:Semi-opera
3889:Opera film
3857:Melodramma
3722:Ritornello
3717:Recitative
3063:Review of
3061:See, e.g.
2901:2006-09-10
2178:References
1968:John Adams
1960:The Voyage
1685:Alban Berg
1656:-inspired
1570:monodrama
1555:Palestrina
1388:Mussorgsky
1346:The Mikado
1231:Mussorgsky
1076:media help
973:Don Carlos
932:recitative
896:Robin Hood
785:I puritani
704:Der Vampyr
681:Mussorgsky
660:Semiramide
547:La vestale
82:Florentine
41:John Adams
4629:Surtitles
4619:Sitzprobe
4589:Opera hat
4385:Tessitura
4365:Passaggio
4319:Fioritura
4305:Cantabile
4300:Bel canto
4231:Stagehand
4111:Conductor
4073:Baritenor
4039:Sopranist
4024:Contralto
3997:Soubrette
3924:Regieoper
3904:Pasticcio
3862:Monodrama
3810:Spieloper
3805:Singspiel
3695:Mad scene
3685:Leitmotif
3658:Rage aria
3638:Cantabile
3633:Cabaletta
3432:Amazon UK
2423:pp. 37â38
2096:to write
1573:Erwartung
1507:Pagliacci
1477:Symbolist
1469:Beethoven
1436:La bohĂšme
1406:Pagliacci
1362:1850â1899
1239:bel canto
955:Rigoletto
901:Helvellyn
790:bel canto
754:1800â1849
727:bel canto
649:bel canto
607:bel canto
443:Singspiel
260:1700â1799
116:intermedi
56:1550â1699
4657:Category
4624:Stagione
4340:Falsetto
4201:Prompter
4186:Fly crew
4078:Baritone
4049:Castrato
4012:Dramatic
3959:Zeitoper
3867:Duodrama
3815:Zarzuela
3795:Operetta
3700:Overture
3690:Libretto
3675:Cavatina
3141:(1987).
2720:, p. 622
2611:and two
2603:p. 929.
2543:p. 1098.
2320:, p. 783
2130:See also
2020:lutenist
2007:criteria
1954:Akhnaten
1920:Taverner
1258:L'Ă©toile
1091:operetta
1005:Mireille
921:Parsifal
746:La Juive
572:such as
489:Falstaff
466:La Scala
383:romantic
93:Euridice
4395:Vibrato
4380:Squillo
4282:Ingénue
4156:Dresser
3982:Soprano
3939:Sainete
3710:Italian
3670:Cadenza
3225:(ed.),
3221:: (Now
3213:(1993)
3097:Sources
2962:p. 1102
2950:p. 1207
2627:p. 253.
2609:Guiraud
2411:p. 1002
2024:Baroque
1840:Vanessa
1730:. Like
1695:Wozzeck
1531:Elektra
1487:Pelléas
1401:verismo
1310:Werther
1286:Rusalka
1281:JanĂĄÄek
1277:Smetana
1122:Dalibor
949:Nabucco
723:Bellini
666:Ermione
556:Berlioz
552:Bellini
525:Fidelio
437:) with
409:Rossini
366:Belgian
310:Berlioz
141:Giasone
96:(1600).
4667:Portal
4548:Titles
4438:Operas
4390:Timbre
4355:Legato
4007:Spinto
3705:French
3665:Ballet
3628:Arioso
3461:Weber.
3440:
3415:
3407:, ed.
3397:
3382:
3363:
3344:
3325:
3254:
3233:
3217:
3199:
3175:
3151:
3130:
3113:
3040:p. 360
3028:p. 243
3016:p. 461
2995:p. 648
2938:p. 348
2926:p. 467
2855:p. 958
2843:p. 848
2831:p. 952
2819:p. 772
2798:p. 617
2753:p. 563
2732:p. 864
2698:p. 302
2686:p. 197
2605:Viking
2591:p. 134
2492:p. 412
2390:p. 210
2299:p. 343
2275:p. 942
2245:p. 189
2198:p. 768
2122:, and
2000:, 1901
1883:, and
1690:atonal
1665:Renard
1550:Wagner
1534:, and
1525:Salome
1520:Wagner
1490:today.
1456:Louise
1403:. His
1383:JenĆŻfa
1291:Undine
1283:. His
1244:Carmen
1235:Mozart
1192:Carmen
1008:. His
985:Otello
982:, and
883:Hamlet
877:Mignon
685:Wagner
617:Wagner
584:. His
486:) and
483:Tarare
431:, and
405:Mozart
385:style.
379:rococo
370:French
314:Wagner
306:Mozart
4181:Extra
4171:Banda
4056:Tenor
4002:Lyric
3832:Farsa
3727:RondĂČ
3506:Opera
3449:Note:
3052:p. 17
2983:p. 51
2867:p. 55
2226:Orfeo
2183:Notes
1479:play
1430:Tosca
1316:Manon
1170:Lakmé
1055:Faust
1033:Faust
1011:Faust
779:Norma
677:Verdi
507:Médée
502:Gluck
362:LiĂšge
320:from
221:Gluck
217:Lully
111:Orfeo
108:. In
87:Dafne
45:opera
29:opera
4335:Fach
4088:Bass
4028:Alto
3618:Aria
3438:ISBN
3413:ISBN
3395:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3361:ISBN
3342:ISBN
3323:ISBN
3252:ISBN
3231:ISBN
3215:ISBN
3197:ISBN
3173:ISBN
3149:ISBN
3128:ISBN
3111:ISBN
3077:See
2222:Peri
1977:and
1957:and
1923:and
1903:and
1843:and
1805:and
1701:Lulu
1698:and
1668:and
1624:and
1439:and
1391:his.
1343:and
1313:and
1279:and
1261:and
1223:and
1099:and
1002:and
979:Aida
936:aria
934:and
898:and
880:and
782:and
707:and
683:and
663:and
633:and
578:and
554:and
407:and
312:and
144:was
124:and
3374:by
3355:in
3336:'s
2229:in
1475:'s
1052:'s
4694::
3430:.
3291:.
3250:.
3195:.
3109:.
2889:.
2758:^
2641:^
2515:^
2449:^
2280:^
2126:.
2118:,
2114:,
2110:,
1877:,
1528:,
1433:,
1337:,
1237:,
976:,
970:,
964:,
958:,
952:,
918:,
822:,
806:,
701:,
679:,
474:,
425:,
397:,
290:,
4321:)
4317:(
4030:)
4026:(
3498:e
3491:t
3484:v
3444:.
3434:.
3428:"
3419:.
3401:.
3386:.
3367:.
3348:.
3329:.
3297:.
3283:.
3260:.
3205:.
3181:.
3157:.
3119:.
2904:.
2615:.
2471:.
2378:.
2072:.
2058:.
1929:.
1909:.
1889:.
1849:.
1811:.
1787:.
1766:.
1738:.
1630:.
1602:.
1540:.
1510:.
1415:.
1349:.
1181:.
1111:.
1078:.
988:.
904:.
886:.
866:.
848:.
735:.
713:.
687:.
558:.
532:.
492:.
450:.
411:.
296:.
272:.
241:.
223:.
189:.
175:.
20:)
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