1169:
230:
241:
183:
197:
1314:
169:
298:
5549:
874:, a natural tank obstacle, with steep banks rising up to 70 ft (21 m); the north-west side had been fortified by the French and was reinforced by Axis engineers. The wadi crosses the coastal plain from Zarat to Toujane and into the Matmata Hills beyond. In 1938, the French judged Jebel Dahar to be impassable to motorised transport and had not extended the Mareth Line any further inland but 1943 motor vehicles had much better performance. The Italian
218:
143:
56:
156:
1186:, and for ninety minutes tanks, guns and other vehicles emerged from the heights between Toujane and Kreddache. Tanks of the 15th Panzer Division moved along the ToujaneâMedenine road and then turned north against the positions of the 7th Armoured Division and were engaged by the anti-tank guns of the 131st Infantry Brigade and the 2nd Battalion Scots Guards. On the 2nd New Zealand Division front, the 164th Light
825:
1222:
engaged, observers of the 201st Guards
Brigade reporting that they "wandered rather vaguely". The 2nd New Zealand Division was not attacked again during the morning but much disorganised movement of tanks and transport was seen. It was realised that the main Axis effort was against Tadjera Kbir and further north. On the left flank, Reconnaissance units 3 and 33 and the Headquarters
305:
930:
1210:
surprise and disorganised but then spotted the anti-tank guns and returned fire. A 6-pounder was damaged and two men wounded but the rest kept firing until the other weapons commenced fire and the surviving tanks retired. Fifteen prisoners from the 10th Panzer
Division, including the tank company commander, were taken.
1025:
15th Panzer
Division was to move from Djebel er Remtsia towards Hir en Nraa followed by its infantry and the Reconnaissance units were to cut the Foum TatahouineâMedenine road to prevent the movement of British reinforcements. Column Bari was to make a frontal attack at Zemlet el Lebene with Battle Group
1137:) at Benghazi, 1,000 mi (1,609 km) away and an attack on the Mareth Line could not be ready before 20 March. Montgomery thought that XXX Corps at Medenine would not be able to withstand an attack before 7 March but over three days and nights, reinforcements were rushed forward and by 4 March,
1128:
and on 25 February, warned
Montgomery that Rommel had ordered the termination of the Battle of Kasserine Pass (19â24 February). On 28 February, they decrypted orders from Rommel for a reconnaissance to be conducted by the 1st Italian Army, preparatory to an attack on the Eighth Army by 4 March and a
1335:
had made a maximum effort, attacking DAF airfields and attempting close support of the 1st
Italian Army, which failed against British anti-aircraft fire and the DAF, only tactical reconnaissance sorties having much success. In 1978, Matthew Cooper wrote that had the Axis attacked the previous week,
1296:
another attack unlikely. On the New
Zealand Division front, vigilance was maintained in case of an outflanking move south of the defensive line and after dark the five tanks knocked out on the 28th Battalion front were demolished, along with the others disabled along the XXX Corps front. Some tanks
1283:
fighter-bombers and fighters were made during the day but had little effect as the DAF controlled the air above the battlefield. Two New
Zealanders were killed and two wounded in a raid over the 4th Field Ambulance and Bf 109 was shot down by the 26th Battalion with a captured Breda machine-gun. As
1192:
Division was engaged by Bren carriers of the 21st NZ Battalion, which met seven vehicles carrying infantry and anti-tank guns at close range in the fog. The New
Zealanders inflicted many casualties, for the loss of two casualties and a carrier. Small parties of Axis infantry probed the front and as
846:
which run south to north. North of Gabès, the road to Sfax passes between the sea and the Chotts, the only route north for the Eighth Army. Across the plain in a line roughly south-west to north-east, lay the Mareth Line, a fortification built by the French in the 1930s. In the north, the hills and
1209:
anti-tank guns from the 73rd Anti-Tank
Regiment RA opened fire and knocked out four Panzer III Specials at 400 yd (370 m) and the mortars of the 28th NZ Battalion knocked out a fifth tank. When the crews alighted, mortars, machine-guns and artillery joined in. The attackers were taken by
1058:
Long before the Eighth Army reached the port of
Tripoli, thought had been given to an attack on the Mareth Line and the LRDG had been sent to survey the land south of the Matmata Hills. Despite maps and reports indicating that the ground was impossible for tanks and lorries, the LRDG found a route
1024:
The DAK was to capture a line from Hir en Nraa to Ksar Rebounten and then circle north or north-east, the 10th Panzer Division advancing from the Hallouf valley to capture Metameur. The 21st Panzer Division was to emerge from the south end of Djebel Tebaga and attack towards Hir Ksar Koutine. The
1431:
but British attempts at pursuit were frustrated by the weather and the speed of the Axis withdrawal. On 10 March, some heights were still occupied and there was sporadic long-range artillery fire; Rommel left Africa the same day for the last time, leaving Arnim in command. The defeat had been so
689:
on 29 December but this was poorly fortified, wide open to an outflanking manoeuvre and vulnerable to being cut off by an attack on Gabès by the First Army from southern Tunisia. The supply situation was little better, with 152 long tons (154 t) tons of the 400 long tons (406 t) daily
939:
On 28 February, Rommel, Messe and the senior armoured unit commanders met to discuss an attack on Medenine, the junction of several roads and tracks. An attack from three directions was suggested, from Toujane to Metameur on the left, an attack in the centre and an attack on the right from the
1221:
the remaining infantry withdrew and dug in 3â4 mi (4.8â6.4 km) to the rear. The British artillery fired everywhere, especially on areas registered beforehand, as soon as Axis troops or vehicles moved into them. The leading tanks of the 21st Panzer Division crossed a skyline and were
1049:
were to bomb Allied airfields and cover the assembly of the ground force and on 6 March were to attack British artillery positions east of Zemlet el Lebene, close the forward Allied airfields, provide fighter escorts for the ground attack and reconnoitre from Tatahouine to Ben Gardane.
552:(DAF). On 7 March the Axis forces began a withdrawal northwards towards the Mareth Line, the Eighth Army pursuit being slowed by rain. The Battle of Medenine was the last battle commanded by Rommel in the North African Campaign, who returned to Europe for good soon afterwards.
1342:. The rapid preparations made to receive the Axis attack, enabled the Eighth Army easily to defeat the offensive and Rommel wrote that the failure to delay the British attack on the Mareth Line, caused "a great gloom" and that for the Axis to remain in Africa was suicide.
1193:
the fog dispersed, artillery was seen moving up. The British artillery did not reply, being under orders to wait until the attackers were in range of the maximum number of guns; the anti-tank guns were only to commence firing at short range. The 5th Field Regiment
1204:
tanks were reported to be converging on Tadjera Kbir (Point 270) and the 28th NZ Battalion reported ten tanks and thirty trucks moving up the wadi to its right. The tanks reached a dummy minefield and then diverted towards rising ground, as had been intended. Two
655:
Rommel had wanted retreat to Wadi Akarit in the Gabès area, 120 mi (190 km) further west, where the non-motorised troops could defend the narrow gap between the Mediterranean and the Chott Djerid. The tanks and motorised infantry could join the
946:
that the coastal approaches were difficult, mined and covered by many guns. There was no room for manoeuvre and the tanks would be easy targets for British artillery and aircraft. Rommel gave way and the plan was drawn up by Messe and Lieutenant-General
668:
from Tunisia into Algeria, then swiftly return to force back the Eighth Army, preparatory to embarkation for Europe. At a meeting with Hitler on 28 November, Rommel discussed the proposal but only received a promise of more supplies. On the night of
1086:) rested at the port. Winter rains turned the ground into a swamp, until a short lull beginning on 15 February, when the 7th Armoured and 51st (Highland) divisions moved forward and captured airfields at Medenine on 17 February. The next day the
1256:
guns with Royal Artillery crews operated as anti-aircraft guns. On the 51st Highland Division and 7th Armoured Division fronts, the Axis attacks were more determined but had little success and Tadjera Kbir was never threatened. At
1451:
He is trying to attack me in daylight with tanks, followed by lorried infantry. I have 500 6pdr atk guns dug in...I have 400 tanks...good infantry...and a great weight of artillery. It is an absolute gift, and the man must be
940:
Hallouf Pass to Medenine. Rommel suggested an attack nearer the coast to create the possibility of attacking from an unexpected direction but the subordinates disagreed because of information from reconnaissance by the
725:
was occupied by the British on 23 January, the Axis retreat from El Alamein having covered 1,400 mi (2,253 km). On 13 February, the last Axis soldiers left Libya and on 15 February, the rearguard reached the
617:
position as the terminus of the retreat, despite the position having a front 110 mi (180 km) long, strong points up to 5 mi (8.0 km) apart, too far for mutual support and being protected by only
697:(LRDG) attacked Axis supply lines and hundreds of lorries were stranded along roads for lack of fuel, while the Eighth Army massed petrol and ammunition for its next attack. On 13 January 1943, the infantry of the
1228:
with nine tanks, worked round to the Foum TatahouineâMedenine road against the Free French Flying Column, which repulsed attacks along the road from a point 12 mi (19 km) south of Medenine, losing
1168:
531:
During the night, the Eighth Army remained alert for the possibility of another Axis attempt and sent forward patrols to carry out reconnaissance and to demolish knocked-out Axis tanks. During the day the
5605:
1532:
The mechanised units had three issues of petrol, there was one issue of ammunition for all of the attacking force and there were varying amounts of ammunition, depending on the type of gun. The
1129:
fuel return on 1 March showed that the Axis forces had sufficient for a three-day operation. On 26 February, the Eighth Army had only about one division at Medenine, most of its tanks were with
4120:
798:
continued its retreat from El Alamein, towards southern Tunisia. Having stabilised the Axis position in Tunisia, the 5th Panzer Army undertook several local offensives in the new year, at the
3473:
5471:
3489:
3412:
3384:
2528:
359:
3816:
1523:
Known as the Gabès gap, the coastal strip from Gabès to Wadi Akarit from the sea to the Chott el Fedjadj and the northwards ridges extending to the heights of Djebel Tebaga Fatnassa.
1288:
and other units at Haddada having remained undisturbed, despite being isolated when the FFF Column on the right was forced back, during an Axis outflanking move. During the night of
5610:
5450:
4129:
2950:
222:
1423:
At dawn on 7 March, some groups of Axis transport were seen moving to the north and quickly drew out of range as they were engaged by artillery. There were rearguard actions from
736:
intended the line to be held indefinitely but Rommel considered it too vulnerable to another flanking move, unlike the Wadi Akarit position, another 40 mi (64 km) back.
4432:
3795:
3104:
2729:
3445:
3391:
2577:
3902:
3398:
3014:
5625:
2424:
1479:
966:(the Battle of Sidi Bou Zid) to replace casualties and re-organise. Messe planned to encircle the British troops between the Mareth Line and Medenine with the DAK Group (
5615:
3788:
3235:
3111:
1489:
1484:
1268:
Rommel accepted a suggestion from Messe to end the attack, since it could not be continued without risking losses which would compromise the defence of the Mareth Line.
792:
tanks had arrived. The 5th Panzer Army had been formed on 8 December and winter weather began in mid-month, which was further to the advantage of the Axis defenders, as
766:
forces until an armistice on 10 November. On 14 November, the Allied forces tried to reach Tunis, 500 mi (800 km) to the east through mountainous country by a
1292:
XXX Corps patrols went out to find out if the attack would resume on 7 March, despite the Axis tank casualties, which as dark fell on 6 March, were already known to be
5620:
3088:
2468:
3525:
2837:
1432:
comprehensive that it caused the Germans to question their security and Montgomery was rebuked for not taking greater steps to hide the source of his information.
3344:
2646:
1494:
1197:(RA) did not begin to fire until Axis tanks were engaged by the forward six-pounders and then bombarded infantry and lorries following the tanks, isolating them.
5343:
4136:
4099:
4076:
3597:
2519:
2489:
913:
91:
4229:
3289:
2235:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939â1945. Part 3 (online ed.). Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Historical Publications Branch.
587:
evaded British outflanking moves but traffic jams, fuel shortage, poor weather and air attacks reduced the retreat to 6â7 mi (9.7â11.3 km) per day.
4085:
4069:
4041:
3809:
2496:
855:
between the Matmata Hills and the Djebel Tebaga, another line of high ground to the west of the gap running eastâwest. North and west of this feature is the
1297:
of the Staffordshire Yeomanry were moved forward slightly in the New Zealand area but the night was quiet except for British artillery harassing fire until
4986:
4053:
3965:
3909:
3872:
3865:
3154:
1444:
515:
decrypts of German wireless communications and rushed reinforcements from Tripoli and Benghazi before the Axis attack, which was a costly failure. General
352:
3958:
2690:
713:
tanks; in the evening Rommel ordered another withdrawal. Lack of fuel and apprehension about the threat to Gabès, led to the retreat passing beyond the
4005:
2207:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939â1945 (online ed.). Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Historical Publications Branch.
5464:
4092:
2482:
2440:
5313:
3132:
2906:
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2535:
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883:
4208:
3042:
2542:
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2065:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV (Naval & Military Press, Uckfield, UK ed.). London: HMSO.
751:
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3923:
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1117:
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345:
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tanks and infantry were engaged by the New Zealand field artillery, after which there were no more attacks on the New Zealand front. At about
780:
ended the advance on 30 November. The Axis troops were able to form a bridgehead around the ports of Tunis and Bizerta and by December, about
5007:
4439:
4185:
4060:
3146:
2977:
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2600:
2267:
2191:
2172:
2150:
2092:
2070:
2044:
2018:
1997:
1971:
1948:
1929:
1466:), an attack towards Gafsa, the Eighth Army began the preliminary Operation Walk and Operation Canter and then began Operation Pugilist, the
1106:
5240:
4647:
4533:
3698:
3165:
3161:
3139:
2743:
1440:
1083:
5155:
4619:
3951:
3937:
3150:
1099:
887:
5233:
4689:
2920:
1336:
it might have found the Eighth Army unprepared, having attacked at short notice to divert attention from the British First Army during
5364:
5111:
4404:
4355:
4113:
3668:
2759:
2607:
2461:
3419:
5480:
4362:
4334:
4151:
3733:
3452:
318:
4675:
1016:, seven Italian field batteries and part of three anti-aircraft batteries; both columns had attached anti-tank and engineer units.
1462:
Allied plans for the attack on the Mareth Line continued virtually undisturbed. On 17 March, the II US Corps began Operation Wop (
5517:
4912:
4612:
3851:
3747:
3583:
3260:
2706:
2112:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939â1945. Wellington: New Zealand Historical Publications Branch.
2013:. United States Army in World War II: Mediterranean Theatre of Operations (online ed.). Washington: Department of the Army.
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899:
895:
698:
297:
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guns had been moved up. The DAF had also increased the number of aircraft in the area to double that of the Axis air forces. At
5041:
4882:
4707:
4466:
4425:
4318:
4256:
2913:
2782:
2750:
1499:
5277:
5070:
4307:
3430:
5427:
5399:
3758:
3480:
3120:
2851:
2570:
2475:
2360:
1064:
430:
5371:
5302:
5127:
4341:
701:
were sent north to the 5th Panzer Army, to guard against the loss of Gabès and on 15 January, the Eighth Army attacked with
528:, could not afford to lose forces needed for the defence of the Mareth Line and the effort was abandoned at dusk that day.
5487:
5420:
4633:
4584:
4348:
3944:
3705:
3496:
2549:
1325:
In 1966, Ian Playfair, the British official historian, wrote that during the attack, the XXX Corps artillery fired about
996:) a battlegroup with two battalions of Panzergrenadier Regiment 200, two battalions of Panzergrenadier Regiment 361, the
5561:
5457:
4832:
4793:
3712:
3547:
3532:
3459:
3438:
3256:
2934:
2720:
2713:
2697:
2408:
2367:
2339:
1504:
1152:
on 6 March, Allied code breakers sent notice to Montgomery of the thrust line of the attack and that it was to begin at
504:
454:
5524:
4848:
4800:
4418:
4390:
4243:
3858:
3837:
3358:
3021:
2417:
2058:
665:
5322:
4526:
2927:
1285:
1248:
with tank support advanced west of Point 270 and were devastated by the 2nd New Zealand Division artillery, the 5th
750:
On 7 November 1942, Anglo-American troops landed in Morocco and Algeria, the British First Army (Lieutenant-General
5630:
5600:
5590:
4818:
4737:
4682:
4570:
4176:
3802:
3726:
3628:
3505:
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3303:
3035:
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2304:
1981:
1249:
1095:
1059:
inland southwards and around the hills to the Tebaga Gap, between the Chott el Fejaj salt marsh and the hills. The
987:
Division, a parachute battalion, seven field artillery batteries and two anti-aircraft battalions and Column Bari (
598:
5224:
5141:
4926:
4786:
4758:
4591:
4496:
4286:
3719:
2793:
2447:
1467:
415:
5595:
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4940:
4192:
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3986:
3650:
3310:
3282:
3275:
2998:
2662:
2054:
1436:
1130:
1087:
1079:
1071:
993:
803:
755:
393:
1313:
690:
requirement being delivered and 95 per cent of the fuel being used to distribute supplies or for withdrawals.
661:
842:
where the northâsouth coast opens to the east, a semi-arid, scrub covered coastal plain is met inland by the
5385:
5329:
5199:
5059:
4744:
4397:
4293:
4199:
3767:
3635:
3605:
3569:
3554:
3426:
3318:
3296:
3242:
3228:
3210:
2874:
2655:
2383:
2332:
1252:
field and medium regiments and the heavy anti-aircraft guns on a landing ground nearby. A troop of captured
694:
652:
and deliveries of only 50 long tons (51 t) of the 400 long tons (410 t) of supplies needed daily.
161:
5077:
4970:
4772:
4723:
4626:
4519:
4489:
4272:
4160:
3886:
3677:
3268:
3249:
3219:
2766:
2736:
1174:
799:
388:
3740:
5568:
5291:
5134:
5030:
5000:
4956:
4696:
4661:
4654:
4577:
4475:
3916:
3893:
3351:
2888:
2628:
2614:
2297:
2080:
1206:
425:
2943:
2008:
5392:
5247:
4898:
4855:
4825:
4751:
4561:
4540:
3466:
2621:
807:
512:
420:
403:
324:
5510:
5284:
5162:
5118:
4640:
3774:
3540:
3067:
2897:
2881:
2830:
2284:
2228:
1110:
398:
871:
5503:
5336:
5261:
5215:
5185:
5093:
4933:
4598:
4482:
4376:
4327:
4265:
4021:
3972:
3781:
3684:
3405:
3060:
2991:
2858:
875:
864:
568:
435:
5548:
2103:
1217:
21st Battalion mortar fire dispersed a group of infantry dismounting from vehicles and by about
679:
resumed its retreat and despite the chronic fuel shortage, evaded another outflanking move. The
5494:
5378:
5268:
5208:
5169:
5102:
5084:
5050:
4993:
4947:
4891:
4716:
4454:
4446:
4383:
4236:
3830:
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3007:
2984:
2823:
2802:
2512:
2263:
2236:
2208:
2187:
2168:
2146:
2113:
2088:
2066:
2040:
2014:
1993:
1967:
1944:
1925:
1400:
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839:
548:
had made a maximum effort with little effect against the Allied anti-aircraft defence and the
543:
520:
369:
43:
2107:
5413:
5406:
5350:
5014:
4779:
4765:
4668:
4605:
4556:
4369:
4222:
4169:
3979:
3930:
3844:
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3051:
2584:
2202:
759:
549:
461:
440:
47:
5436:
5148:
5063:
5021:
4919:
4862:
4730:
4512:
4503:
4032:
3614:
3590:
3186:
2844:
1194:
856:
745:
657:
590:
578:
483:
1988:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV. London:
55:
5443:
4979:
4905:
2957:
2816:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1067:
879:
722:
447:
245:
217:
148:
1960:
British Intelligence in the Second World War. Its influence on Strategy and Operations
5584:
5254:
3179:
3028:
2867:
948:
852:
843:
383:
240:
202:
5553:
5357:
3657:
3562:
3193:
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2320:
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2160:
1102:
1008:
battle groups with two battalions each, a battery of German field guns and several
767:
763:
631:
516:
234:
229:
188:
1182:
It was foggy when the Axis bombardment of the British forward positions began at
1031:
on the right flank, Panzer Grenadier Regiment 200 in the centre and Battle Group
5192:
5178:
4840:
3516:
3337:
3322:
2676:
1011:
981:
panzer divisions, Reconnaissance units 3 and 33, a battalion of the 164th Light
972:
860:
819:
727:
508:
492:
174:
2063:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa
824:
17:
4547:
4300:
4279:
3172:
2505:
2433:
1354:
and in 1957, G. F. Howe, the US official historian, recorded German losses of
848:
777:
614:
1094:, after a march across the Sand Sea from Lake Chad, to join the Eighth Army.
867:. Gabès is on the coast where the plain meets the route from the Tebaga Gap.
106:
93:
4810:
4215:
4012:
3823:
3621:
3576:
2593:
1318:
929:
785:
770:
assisted by parachute landings but poor weather, a rapid German build-up of
535:
3097:
2240:
2212:
2117:
1962:. History of the Second World War. abridged (2nd (rev.) ed.). London:
1105:) brought the 2nd New Zealand Division forward from Tripoli, which had the
838:, with rocky ridge lines and desert, which obstruct manoeuvre; opposite a
3081:
2809:
1428:
835:
496:
81:
1090:
and the 1st Infantry Battalion Marine and Pacific arrived with General
789:
714:
500:
85:
960:
The attack was set for 6 March to give time for the units involved in
503:
on 6 March 1943. The operation was intended to delay an attack by the
3691:
1236:
In the afternoon, Axis infantry joined in the attacks and from about
686:
1350:
In 1943, Montgomery made a diary note that the Eighth Army had lost
337:
3879:
1312:
1167:
928:
823:
610:
2143:
And We Shall Shock Them: The British Army in the Second World War
2258:. Public Record Office War Histories No. 248. Richmond, Surrey:
1989:
1963:
1403:, the British official historian, called the Eighth Army losses
776:
aircraft and the airlift of troops from Sicily to Tunisia under
718:
2293:
2289:
341:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1463:
1941:
The German Army 1933â1945, Its Political and Military Failure
1240:
were dispersed by the 2nd New Zealand Division artillery. At
2037:
Eighth Army: From the Western Desert to the Alps, 1939â1945
1924:. London: The Bodley Head (for the Army Records Society).
1791:
1789:
1776:
1774:
1761:
1759:
27:
1943 Allied offensive within the Tunisia campaign of WWII
1626:
1624:
1284:
dusk fell, the attackers withdrew, a detachment of the
603:
in Berlin took an optimistic view of the situation and
2951:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
673:
the British attacked and on the following evening the
2256:
The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force (Air 41/10)
2233:
New Zealand Medical Services in Middle East and Italy
5606:
Battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
2010:
Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West
762:) at Casablanca and Oran, against the resistance of
5312:
5040:
4881:
4706:
4465:
4317:
4255:
4159:
4150:
4031:
3757:
3667:
3515:
3218:
3209:
2967:
2792:
2645:
2407:
2400:
1480:List of British military equipment of World War II
1490:List of German military equipment of World War II
1485:List of French military equipment of World War II
1867:
1449:
1427:as the Germans withdrew to the Mareth Line and
36:
1495:List of Italian Army equipment in World War II
1317:British soldiers inspect a knocked-out German
5611:Battles of World War II involving New Zealand
2305:
1543:
1533:
1447:(the professional head of the British Army):
1278:
1070:) had probed forward from Tripoli, while the
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1003:
997:
731:
604:
596:
588:
541:
353:
8:
1986:Grand Strategy: August 1942 â September 1943
1337:
1330:
1272:
1223:
1187:
1009:
988:
982:
976:
967:
961:
952:
941:
903:
863:country and then the impassable sand of the
793:
771:
680:
674:
629:
623:
582:
566:
533:
523:
730:, 80 mi (129 km) inside Tunisia.
581:began in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The
4156:
3215:
2404:
2312:
2298:
2290:
2167:(repr. Corgi ed.). London: Batsford.
360:
346:
338:
33:
5626:Battles of World War II involving Germany
1903:
1719:
1707:
1666:
1603:
5616:Battles of World War II involving France
2229:"Ch 11, Tunisia: The Battle of Medenine"
1843:
1750:
1695:
1683:
1642:
1615:
5621:Battles of World War II involving Italy
1943:. Briarcliff Manor, NY: Stein and Day.
1855:
1795:
1780:
1765:
1731:
1630:
1560:
1516:
4137:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2201:Stevens, Major-General W. G. (2016) .
2165:The Life and Death of the Afrika Korps
1891:
1879:
1831:
1807:
1654:
1591:
1579:
1567:
859:; west of the Matmata Hills, lies dry
5008:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4440:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
4086:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4042:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3147:Rape during the occupation of Germany
1379:tanks were lost. The Germans claimed
870:The Mareth Line followed the line of
829:Tunisia during the 1942â1943 campaign
511:. The British had been forewarned by
7:
4130:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3162:Rape during the liberation of France
2285:Queen's in the Middle East, Medenine
1819:
902:and the 21st Panzer Division of the
882:) occupied the Mareth Line with the
754:) either side of Algiers and the US
1445:Chief of the Imperial General Staff
4356:German invasion of the Netherlands
2636:Weather events during World War II
914:80th Infantry Division "La Spezia"
266:3 panzer divisions (understrength)
25:
4987:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1118:Government Code and Cipher School
951:, the temporary commander of the
5547:
2184:The Viking Atlas of World War II
1435:On 6 March, Montgomery wrote to
1116:The Allied code breakers of the
847:line of forts terminated at the
834:Southern Tunisia is a region of
685:took up a defensive position at
664:) further north, drive back the
569:Deutsch-Italienische Panzerarmee
304:
303:
296:
239:
228:
216:
195:
181:
167:
154:
141:
54:
2227:Stout, M.; Duncan, T. (2016) .
1500:North African campaign timeline
5234:Vietnamese famine of 1944â1945
2944:Territorial changes of Germany
2852:Indonesian National Revolution
2085:Enigma: The Battle of the Code
1922:Montgomery and the Eighth Army
810:(26 February â 4 March 1943).
1:
4634:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4585:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4349:German invasion of Luxembourg
2730:Mediterranean and Middle East
1037:on the left. On 5 March, the
575:5 November 1942 â 15 February
4541:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4230:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3548:Independent State of Croatia
1618:, pp. 289â303, 326â329.
1505:List of World War II battles
561:Axis retreat from El Alamein
5525:End of World War II in Asia
5365:Western invasion of Germany
4872:Chinese famine of 1942â1943
4849:Second Battle of El Alamein
4419:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4391:Battle of the Mediterranean
4244:Italian invasion of Albania
2418:Air warfare of World War II
2145:. London: A & C Black.
1395:and anti-aircraft guns and
5647:
5451:Naval bombardment of Japan
4819:First Battle of El Alamein
4738:Battle of Christmas Island
4683:Japanese invasion of Burma
4447:Italian invasion of Greece
4363:German invasion of Belgium
4335:German invasion of Denmark
4308:1939â1940 Winter Offensive
4177:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2441:Comparative military ranks
2104:"7. The Medenine Incident"
1250:Army Group Royal Artillery
817:
743:
599:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht
282:32 guns and anti-tank guns
5540:
5372:BratislavaâBrno offensive
5303:Dutch famine of 1944â1945
4927:Allied invasion of Sicily
4787:Aleutian Islands campaign
4759:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4697:Greek famine of 1941â1944
4592:Second Battle of Changsha
4497:German invasion of Greece
4342:Battle of ZaoyangâYichang
2684:North and Central Pacific
2327:
1468:Battle of the Mareth Line
1088:Free French Flying Column
379:
323:Medenine, capital of the
291:
270:
251:
209:
134:
64:
53:
41:
4964:Allied invasion of Italy
4941:Solomon Islands campaign
4690:Third Battle of Changsha
4287:First Battle of Changsha
4193:Second Sino-Japanese War
3133:German military brothels
2999:United States war crimes
1958:Hinsley, F. H. (1994) .
1286:King's Royal Rifle Corps
1177:in action, 11 March 1943
1175:17-pounder anti-tank gun
1080:2nd New Zealand Division
1072:51st (Highland) Division
975:) formed from the three
804:Battle of Kasserine Pass
577:1943 and on 8 November,
5386:Second Guangxi campaign
5241:Philippines (1944â1945)
4745:Battle of the Coral Sea
4648:Fall of the Philippines
4294:Battle of South Guangxi
4200:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3606:Italian Social Republic
2102:Stevens, W. G. (1962).
2057:; et al. (2004) .
695:Long Range Desert Group
4971:Armistice of Cassibile
4773:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4724:Battle of the Java Sea
4627:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4527:SyriaâLebanon campaign
4520:Battle of South Shanxi
4490:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4273:Battle of the Atlantic
3887:Korean Liberation Army
3600:(until September 1943)
3557:(until September 1944)
3535:(until September 1944)
2182:Pimlott, John (1995).
2035:Neillands, R. (2004).
1544:
1534:
1460:
1339:Unternehmen Ochsenkopf
1338:
1331:
1322:
1279:
1273:
1224:
1188:
1179:
1124:in England, read Axis
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1010:
1004:
998:
989:
983:
977:
968:
963:Unternehmen Morgenluft
962:
953:
942:
936:
934:General Giovanni Messe
904:
831:
802:(14â17 February), the
800:Battle of Sidi Bou Zid
794:
772:
732:
681:
675:
630:
624:
605:
597:
589:
583:
567:
542:
534:
524:
487:
210:Commanders and leaders
5135:Second Battle of Guam
5031:Bengal famine of 1943
5001:Second Battle of Kiev
4957:Battle of the Dnieper
4662:Battle of Wake Island
4534:East African campaign
4476:Battle of South Henan
4121:atrocities by Germans
3894:Korean Volunteer Army
2875:Occupation of Germany
2629:Music in World War II
2204:Bardia to Enfidaville
2109:Bardia to Enfidaville
2007:Howe, G. F. (1991) .
1868:Sebag-Montefiore 2001
1419:Subsequent operations
1316:
1171:
1061:7th Armoured Division
932:
827:
806:(19â24 February) and
662:Hans-JĂźrgen von Arnim
525:(Heeresgruppe Afrika)
271:Casualties and losses
107:33.35472°N 10.50528°E
5421:Surrender of Germany
4899:Battle of West Hubei
4856:Guadalcanal campaign
4826:Battle of Stalingrad
4752:Battle of Madagascar
3526:Albania protectorate
3313:(formerly Swaziland)
3022:Wehrmacht war crimes
2838:Expulsion of Germans
2622:Art and World War II
2520:British contribution
2469:Governments in exile
2186:. New York: Viking.
2081:Sebag-Montefiore, H.
1606:, pp. 209, 215.
1409:635 Axis casualties,
1133:(Lieutenant-General
1111:201st Guards Brigade
1107:8th Armoured Brigade
1054:British preparations
900:15th Panzer Division
896:10th Panzer Division
808:Operation Ochsenkopf
699:21st Panzer Division
325:Medenine Governorate
319:class=notpageimage|
264:2 infantry divisions
257:2 infantry divisions
5511:Potsdam Declaration
5400:Italy (Spring 1945)
5163:Liberation of Paris
4620:Siege of Sevastopol
3638:(until August 1944)
3541:Wang Jingwei regime
3363:from September 1943
3323:from September 1944
3261:from September 1944
3121:Romanian war crimes
3112:Persecution of Jews
3098:Croatian war crimes
3068:Japanese war crimes
2882:Occupation of Japan
2831:First Indochina War
2543:Military production
2455:Declarations of war
2141:Fraser, D. (2011).
2087:. London: Phoenix.
1939:Cooper, M. (1978).
1920:Brooks, S. (1991).
1906:, pp. 231â232.
1882:, pp. 171â172.
1753:, pp. 325â326.
1734:, pp. 282â283.
1722:, pp. 227â228.
1686:, pp. 323â324.
1594:, pp. 392â394.
1582:, pp. 389â392.
1570:, pp. 388â389.
1366:33 Italians killed,
994:Theodor von Sponeck
884:90th Light Division
519:, the commander of
505:British Eighth Army
495:spoiling attack at
259:1 armoured division
103: /
5504:Surrender of Japan
5337:Battle of Iwo Jima
5186:Belgrade offensive
4599:Siege of Leningrad
4483:Battle of Shanggao
4412:British Somaliland
4377:Dunkirk evacuation
4328:Norwegian campaign
4266:Invasion of Poland
4093:Japanese prisoners
3061:Italian war crimes
2992:British war crimes
2907:Soviet occupations
2691:South-West Pacific
2578:Allied cooperation
2536:Military equipment
2055:Playfair, I. S. O.
1411:mostly German and
1323:
1180:
1100:Lieutenant-General
937:
865:Grand Erg Oriental
832:
795:Panzerarmee Afrika
650:12 field howitzers
647:12 anti-tank guns,
479:Battle of Medenine
261:1 armoured brigade
223:Bernard Montgomery
112:33.35472; 10.50528
60:Battle of Medenine
37:Battle of Medenine
5631:March 1943 events
5601:Tunisian campaign
5591:Conflicts in 1943
5578:
5577:
5536:
5535:
5379:Battle of Okinawa
5278:Burma (1944â1945)
5112:Mariana and Palau
4892:Tunisian campaign
4717:Fall of Singapore
4641:Fall of Hong Kong
4384:Battle of Britain
4237:Operation Himmler
4146:
4145:
3810:Dutch East Indies
3453:Southern Rhodesia
3205:
3204:
3105:Genocide of Serbs
3008:German war crimes
2985:Soviet war crimes
2978:Allied war crimes
2824:Division of Korea
2803:Chinese Civil War
2601:Strategic bombing
2513:Manhattan Project
2269:978-1-903365-30-4
2193:978-0-67085-373-1
2174:978-0-552-10921-5
2152:978-1-44820-482-3
2094:978-0-7538-1130-6
2072:978-1-84574-068-9
2046:978-0-7195-5647-0
2020:978-0-16-001911-1
1999:978-0-11-630075-1
1973:978-0-11-630961-7
1950:978-0-8128-2468-1
1931:978-0-370-31723-6
1545:Regia Aeronautica
1542:aircraft and the
1321:after the battle.
1280:Regia Aeronautica
1076:Douglas Wimberley
1046:Regia Aeronautica
925:Axis preparations
660:(Colonel-General
644:16 armoured cars,
544:Regia Aeronautica
521:Army Group Africa
488:Unternehmen Capri
472:
471:
371:Tunisian campaign
336:
335:
130:
129:
44:Tunisian campaign
16:(Redirected from
5638:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5554:World portal
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5490:
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5453:
5446:
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5430:
5423:
5416:
5414:Prague offensive
5409:
5407:Battle of Berlin
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5351:Vienna offensive
5346:
5339:
5332:
5330:Battle of Manila
5325:
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5287:
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5073:
5071:KorsunâCherkassy
5066:
5055:
5033:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4913:Bombing of Gorky
4908:
4901:
4894:
4874:
4867:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4780:Battle of Midway
4775:
4768:
4766:Battle of Gazala
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4676:Battle of Borneo
4671:
4669:Malayan campaign
4664:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4613:Bombing of Gorky
4608:
4606:Battle of Moscow
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4458:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4370:Battle of France
4365:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
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4232:
4225:
4223:Munich Agreement
4218:
4211:
4202:
4195:
4188:
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4157:
4139:
4132:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4108:Soviet prisoners
4102:
4095:
4088:
4079:
4072:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4048:German prisoners
4044:
4024:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3996:
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3982:
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3584:French Indochina
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
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3543:
3536:
3528:
3508:
3499:
3492:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3431:from August 1944
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
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3306:
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3285:
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3157:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3075:Nanjing Massacre
3070:
3063:
3054:
3052:Nuremberg trials
3045:
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3031:
3024:
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3010:
3001:
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2686:
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2665:
2658:
2656:Asia and Pacific
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2603:
2596:
2587:
2585:Mulberry harbour
2580:
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2197:
2178:
2156:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2098:
2076:
2059:Butler, J. R. M.
2050:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2003:
1977:
1954:
1935:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
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1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1549:
1548:had about sixty.
1547:
1541:
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1530:
1524:
1521:
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1426:
1414:
1410:
1398:
1394:
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1295:
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1282:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:during the day.
1232:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1203:
1191:
1185:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1092:Philippe Leclerc
1084:Bernard Freyberg
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1015:
1007:
1001:
992:
986:
980:
971:
965:
956:
945:
911:
907:
797:
783:
775:
760:Lloyd Fredendall
752:Kenneth Anderson
735:
712:
708:
704:
684:
678:
672:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
635:
627:
621:
608:
602:
594:
586:
576:
573:took place from
572:
550:Desert Air Force
547:
539:
527:
374:
372:
362:
355:
348:
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307:
306:
300:
244:
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48:Second World War
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5596:1943 in Tunisia
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5283:
5276:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5223:
5214:
5207:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5168:
5161:
5156:Eastern Romania
5154:
5149:Warsaw Uprising
5147:
5142:Tannenberg Line
5140:
5133:
5128:Western Ukraine
5126:
5117:
5110:
5101:
5092:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5058:
5049:
5036:
5029:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4920:Battle of Kursk
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4877:
4870:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4808:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4731:St Nazaire Raid
4729:
4722:
4715:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4555:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4513:Anglo-Iraqi War
4511:
4504:Battle of Crete
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4461:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4433:Eastern Romania
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4251:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4175:
4168:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4119:
4112:
4107:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4075:
4068:
4059:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4027:
4020:
4011:
4004:
3999:
3994:Western Ukraine
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3938:Northeast China
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3644:Slovak Republic
3642:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3615:Empire of Japan
3613:
3604:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3524:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3488:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3317:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3201:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3160:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3127:Sexual violence
3126:
3119:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3050:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2857:
2850:
2845:Greek Civil War
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2788:
2781:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2670:South-East Asia
2668:
2661:
2654:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2529:Military awards
2527:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2423:
2416:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2323:
2318:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2254:
2245:
2243:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2181:
2175:
2159:
2153:
2140:
2136:
2134:Further reading
2131:
2122:
2120:
2101:
2095:
2079:
2073:
2053:
2047:
2039:. John Murray.
2034:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2006:
2000:
1980:
1974:
1957:
1951:
1938:
1932:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1846:, pp. 326.
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1772:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1540:100 operational
1539:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1476:
1459:
1456:
1424:
1421:
1412:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1326:
1311:
1306:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1201:
1195:Royal Artillery
1183:
1178:
1166:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1113:under command.
1082:(Major-General
1074:(Major-General
1056:
1022:
990:Generalleutnant
969:Generalleutnant
935:
927:
922:
909:
857:Chott el Djerid
830:
822:
816:
781:
758:(Major-General
748:
746:Operation Torch
742:
740:Operation Torch
733:Comando Supremo
710:
706:
702:
671:11/12 December,
670:
658:5th Panzer Army
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
619:
606:Comando Supremo
591:Comando Supremo
579:Operation Torch
574:
565:The retreat of
563:
558:
475:
474:
473:
468:
375:
370:
368:
366:
332:
331:
330:
329:
328:
321:
315:
314:
313:
312:
308:
286:
281:
279:
277:
265:
260:
258:
238:
237:
227:
215:
196:
194:
193:
192:
182:
180:
179:
168:
166:
165:
155:
153:
152:
151:
142:
140:
111:
109:
105:
102:
97:
94:
92:
90:
89:
88:
59:
28:
23:
22:
18:Operation Capri
15:
12:
11:
5:
5644:
5642:
5634:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5583:
5582:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5484:
5481:South Sakhalin
5477:
5476:
5475:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5318:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5281:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5221:
5212:
5205:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5115:
5108:
5099:
5090:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5056:
5046:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5018:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4960:
4953:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4906:Battle of Attu
4902:
4895:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4868:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4712:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4655:Battle of Guam
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4578:Battle of Kiev
4574:
4567:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4471:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4323:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4261:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4196:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4165:
4163:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4089:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:United Kingdom
4073:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4045:
4037:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4009:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3763:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:British Empire
3474:United Kingdom
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3315:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3290:Czechoslovakia
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3224:
3222:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3187:Rape of Manila
3183:
3176:
3169:
3158:
3143:
3136:
3124:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3064:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3025:
3018:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2958:United Nations
2954:
2947:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2817:Decolonization
2813:
2806:
2798:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2763:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2509:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2490:United Kingdom
2486:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2336:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2279:External links
2277:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2252:
2224:
2198:
2192:
2179:
2173:
2157:
2151:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2099:
2093:
2077:
2071:
2051:
2045:
2032:
2019:
2004:
1998:
1978:
1972:
1955:
1949:
1936:
1930:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:Neillands 2004
1896:
1894:, p. 170.
1884:
1872:
1870:, p. 277.
1860:
1858:, p. 150.
1848:
1836:
1834:, p. 169.
1824:
1822:, p. 519.
1812:
1810:, p. 396.
1800:
1798:, p. 149.
1785:
1783:, p. 148.
1770:
1768:, p. 147.
1755:
1736:
1724:
1720:Neillands 2004
1712:
1710:, p. 227.
1708:Neillands 2004
1700:
1698:, p. 324.
1688:
1671:
1669:, p. 228.
1667:Neillands 2004
1659:
1657:, p. 347.
1647:
1645:, p. 315.
1635:
1633:, p. 154.
1620:
1608:
1604:Neillands 2004
1596:
1584:
1572:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1525:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1454:
1420:
1417:
1352:130 casualties
1347:
1344:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1246:1,000 infantry
1172:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1135:Brian Horrocks
1122:Bletchley Park
1068:George Erskine
1055:
1052:
1021:
1018:
933:
926:
923:
921:
918:
880:Giovanni Messe
836:broken terrain
828:
818:Main article:
815:
812:
784:troops, fifty
744:Main article:
741:
738:
611:Mersa-el-Brega
562:
559:
557:
554:
470:
469:
467:
466:
459:
452:
445:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
401:
396:
394:Kasserine Pass
391:
386:
380:
377:
376:
367:
365:
364:
357:
350:
342:
334:
333:
322:
317:
316:
310:
309:
302:
301:
295:
294:
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
273:
272:
268:
267:
262:
254:
253:
249:
248:
246:Giovanni Messe
225:
212:
211:
207:
206:
177:
149:United Kingdom
137:
136:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:Allied victory
124:
120:
119:
80:
78:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
51:
50:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5643:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:Kuril Islands
5485:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5255:Syrmian Front
5252:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5201:Market Garden
5197:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5060:Monte Cassino
5057:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5028:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4426:Baltic states
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4070:United States
4067:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4006:Quáťc dân Äảng
4003:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:Liechtenstein
3703:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:United States
3487:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:Comfort women
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3164: /
3163:
3159:
3156:
3153: /
3152:
3149: /
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:Camp brothels
3137:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:The Holocaust
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:forced labour
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2868:Marshall Plan
2865:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2721:Eastern Front
2718:
2715:
2714:Western Front
2711:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:Puppet states
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2550:Naval history
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2497:United States
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1844:Playfair 2004
1840:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:Playfair 2004
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:Playfair 2004
1692:
1689:
1685:
1684:Playfair 2004
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:Playfair 2004
1639:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:Playfair 2004
1612:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1470:on 19 March.
1469:
1465:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1418:
1416:
1407:and recorded
1406:
1402:
1397:51 prisoners.
1375:a minimum of
1345:
1343:
1340:
1333:
1329:and that the
1327:30,000 shells
1320:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1294:40â50, making
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1251:
1234:
1231:27 casualties
1226:
1211:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1190:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1146:470 anti-tank
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1065:Major-General
1062:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1000:
995:
991:
985:
979:
974:
970:
964:
958:
955:
950:
949:Heinz Ziegler
944:
931:
924:
919:
917:
915:
906:
901:
897:
893:
891:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
844:Matmata Hills
841:
837:
826:
821:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
796:
791:
787:
782:15,000 German
779:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
747:
739:
737:
734:
729:
724:
720:
716:
700:
696:
691:
688:
683:
677:
667:
663:
659:
653:
634:
633:
628:arrived, the
626:
620:30,000 mines.
616:
612:
607:
601:
600:
593:
592:
585:
580:
571:
570:
560:
555:
553:
551:
546:
545:
538:
537:
529:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:
485:
480:
465:
464:
460:
458:
457:
453:
451:
450:
446:
444:
443:
439:
437:
434:
432:
431:Longstop Hill
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
406:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
384:Run for Tunis
382:
381:
378:
373:
363:
358:
356:
351:
349:
344:
343:
340:
326:
320:
299:
290:
284:
275:
274:
269:
263:
256:
255:
250:
247:
242:
236:
231:
226:
224:
219:
214:
213:
208:
204:
190:
178:
176:
163:
150:
139:
138:
133:
125:
122:
121:
116:
87:
83:
79:
76:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
5562:Bibliography
5545:
5358:Project Hula
5323:VistulaâOder
5292:
5225:
5216:
5200:
5170:
5119:
5103:
5094:
5085:
5051:
4948:
4863:
4839:
4809:
4560:
4453:
4398:North Africa
4100:Soviet Union
4054:Soviet Union
3980:Soviet Union
3748:Vatican City
3658:Vichy France
3563:German Reich
3460:Soviet Union
3446:South Africa
3439:Sierra Leone
3392:Newfoundland
3211:Participants
3194:Marocchinate
2898:
2889:
2859:
2737:North Africa
2698:Indian Ocean
2557:Nazi plunder
2448:Cryptography
2321:World War II
2260:Air Ministry
2255:
2244:. Retrieved
2232:
2216:. Retrieved
2203:
2183:
2164:
2142:
2121:. Retrieved
2108:
2084:
2062:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2009:
1985:
1959:
1940:
1921:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1856:Stevens 1962
1851:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1796:Stevens 1962
1781:Stevens 1962
1766:Stevens 1962
1732:Hinsley 1994
1727:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1631:Stevens 1962
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1528:
1519:
1461:
1450:
1434:
1422:
1404:
1401:Ian Playfair
1393:32 anti-tank
1359:388 wounded,
1349:
1324:
1270:
1235:
1225:Kampfstaffel
1212:
1199:
1181:
1126:Enigma codes
1115:
1103:Oliver Leese
1057:
1023:
978:Afrika Korps
959:
954:Afrika Korps
943:Afrika Korps
938:
905:Afrika Korps
889:
888:164th Light
872:Wadi Zigzaou
869:
833:
768:coup de main
764:Vichy French
749:
692:
654:
632:Afrika Korps
595:in Rome and
564:
530:
517:Erwin Rommel
482:
478:
476:
462:
455:
448:
441:
410:
404:
389:Sidi Bou Zid
235:Erwin Rommel
135:Belligerents
72:6 March 1943
42:Part of the
29:
5293:Bodenplatte
5179:Gothic Line
4405:West Africa
3952:Philippines
3931:Netherlands
3796:Czech lands
3734:Switzerland
3678:Afghanistan
3629:Philippines
3497:Puerto Rico
3413:Philippines
3399:New Zealand
3385:Netherlands
3338:Free France
3089:Prosecution
2890:Osoaviakhim
2760:West Africa
2744:East Africa
2391:Conferences
1892:Brooks 1991
1880:Brooks 1991
1832:Brooks 1991
1808:Cooper 1978
1655:Howard 1972
1592:Cooper 1978
1580:Cooper 1978
1568:Cooper 1978
1441:Alan Brooke
1369:122 wounded
1363:32 missing,
1271:Sorties by
1219:10:00 a.m.,
1213:Just after
1012:Nebelwerfer
973:Hans Cramer
908:with about
861:Jebel Dahar
820:Mareth Line
814:Mareth Line
728:Mareth Line
682:Panzerarmee
676:Panzerarmee
625:Panzerarmee
584:Panzerarmee
509:Mareth Line
456:Retribution
426:Wadi Akarit
416:Mareth Line
287:41â52 tanks
280:49 vehicles
175:Free France
162:New Zealand
110: /
5585:Categories
5393:West Hunan
5226:Pointblank
4562:Silver Fox
4548:Summer War
4301:Winter War
4280:Phoney War
4061:Azerbaijan
4022:Yugoslavia
3917:Luxembourg
3759:Resistance
3506:Yugoslavia
3371:Luxembourg
3173:Sook Ching
2969:War crimes
2571:Technology
2564:Opposition
2506:Lend-Lease
2483:Australian
2476:Home front
2434:Blitzkrieg
2384:Casualties
2375:Commanders
2347:Operations
2218:9 February
1982:Howard, M.
1913:References
1538:had about
1457:Montgomery
1425:7â8 March,
1413:44â56 Axis
1391:vehicles,
1373:9 missing;
1356:61 killed,
1346:Casualties
1290:6/7 March,
1266:8:30 p.m.,
1259:6:00 p.m.,
1242:5:45 p.m.,
1215:9:00 a.m.,
1202:8:30 a.m.,
1139:400 tanks,
1078:) and the
894:, and the
849:Tebaga Gap
788:and forty
778:Case Anton
711:57 Italian
666:First Army
638:5,000 men,
615:El Agheila
609:chose the
556:Background
421:El Guettar
405:Ochsenkopf
327:in Tunisia
98:10°30â˛19âłE
95:33°21â˛17âłN
5458:Manchuria
5344:Indochina
5120:Bagration
4571:Lithuania
4216:Anschluss
4013:Viet Minh
3910:Lithuania
3852:Hong Kong
3622:Manchukuo
3577:Azad Hind
3236:Australia
3036:Aftermath
2899:Paperclip
2794:Aftermath
2594:Total war
2462:Diplomacy
2425:In Europe
2262:. 2001 .
2163:(1979) .
2161:Lewin, R.
2123:27 August
1820:Howe 1991
1556:Footnotes
1535:Luftwaffe
1399:In 1966,
1381:6 British
1332:Luftwaffe
1319:Panzer IV
1304:Aftermath
1299:3:30 a.m.
1274:Luftwaffe
1238:3:30 p.m.
1207:6-pounder
1200:At about
1184:6:00 a.m.
1154:6:00 a.m.
1150:5:36 a.m.
1144:guns and
1142:350 field
1096:XXX Corps
1040:Luftwaffe
1020:Axis plan
999:La Spezia
910:200 tanks
878:(General
786:Panzer IV
773:Luftwaffe
721:line and
707:36 German
703:450 tanks
641:35 tanks,
636:had only
622:When the
536:Luftwaffe
491:) was an
399:Sedjenane
5569:Category
5518:document
5428:document
5285:Ardennes
5269:Budapest
5217:Crossbow
5095:Overlord
4934:Smolensk
4152:Timeline
3987:Slovakia
3973:Thailand
3824:Ethiopia
3789:Bulgaria
3713:Portugal
3651:Thailand
3533:Bulgaria
3311:Eswatini
3304:Ethiopia
3257:Bulgaria
3082:Unit 731
3043:Response
2860:Keelhaul
2810:Cold War
2783:Americas
2774:timeline
2767:Atlantic
2647:Theaters
2083:(2001).
1984:(1972).
1474:See also
1455:â
1405:trifling
1389:33 motor
1385:16 scout
1309:Analysis
1173:British
1109:and the
1002:and the
912:and the
892:Division
876:1st Army
853:low pass
756:II Corps
705:against
497:Medenine
436:Hill 609
411:Medenine
311:Medenine
252:Strength
82:Medenine
77:Location
5495:Shumshu
5262:Hungary
5209:Estonia
5193:Lapland
5171:Dragoon
5104:Neptune
5086:Ichi-Go
5052:Tempest
4994:Changde
4949:Cottage
4841:Jubilee
4557:Finland
4455:Compass
4161:Prelude
4114:Finland
4000:Vietnam
3966:Romania
3838:Germany
3817:Estonia
3803:Denmark
3782:Belgium
3775:Austria
3768:Albania
3699:Ireland
3685:Andorra
3669:Neutral
3636:Romania
3570:Hungary
3555:Finland
3427:Romania
3319:Finland
3297:Denmark
3243:Belgium
3229:Algeria
2935:Romania
2921:Hungary
2677:Pacific
2401:General
2355:Leaders
2340:Battles
2333:Outline
2246:17 July
2241:4373371
2213:4377202
2118:4377202
2061:(ed.).
1437:General
1415:tanks.
1383:tanks,
1377:41 Axis
1262:27 Axis
1164:6 March
1131:X Corps
1034:Trieste
1005:Trieste
920:Prelude
723:Tripoli
715:Tarhuna
507:on the
501:Tunisia
278:6 tanks
189:Germany
86:Tunisia
46:of the
5472:Debate
5444:Taipei
5437:Borneo
5015:Tarawa
4209:Europe
4170:Africa
3959:Poland
3945:Norway
3924:Malaya
3903:Latvia
3845:Greece
3831:France
3727:Sweden
3692:Bhutan
3420:Poland
3406:Norway
3378:Mexico
3345:Greece
3331:France
3269:Canada
3250:Brazil
3220:Allies
3166:Serbia
3155:Poland
2928:Poland
2914:Baltic
2707:Europe
2409:Topics
2361:Allied
2266:
2239:
2211:
2190:
2171:
2149:
2116:
2091:
2069:
2043:
2026:2 June
2017:
1996:
1970:
1947:
1928:
1443:, the
1387:cars,
1244:about
1189:Afrika
1159:Battle
1028:Spezia
984:Afrika
890:Afrika
687:Buerat
484:German
463:Strike
442:Vulcan
200:
186:
172:
159:
146:
123:Result
5248:Leyte
5078:Narva
5064:Anzio
5022:Makin
4980:Burma
4864:Torch
4833:Rzhev
4794:Kiska
3880:Korea
3866:Japan
3859:Italy
3741:Tibet
3720:Spain
3598:Italy
3359:Italy
3352:India
3276:China
3151:Japan
2751:Italy
2663:China
2615:Women
1511:Notes
1429:Gabès
1254:88 mm
840:bight
790:Tiger
513:Ultra
203:Italy
5314:1945
5042:1944
4883:1943
4811:Blue
4801:Attu
4708:1942
4467:1941
4319:1940
4257:1939
4186:Asia
4033:POWs
3873:Jews
3591:Iraq
3517:Axis
3467:Tuva
3283:Cuba
2368:Axis
2264:ISBN
2248:2008
2237:OCLC
2220:2017
2209:OCLC
2188:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2125:2015
2114:OCLC
2089:ISBN
2067:ISBN
2041:ISBN
2028:2015
2015:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1990:HMSO
1968:ISBN
1964:HMSO
1945:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1452:mad.
1439:Sir
1371:and
1361:and
1277:and
1043:and
851:, a
719:Homs
709:and
693:The
540:and
493:Axis
477:The
449:Flax
69:Date
1464:sic
1120:at
499:in
285:635
276:130
5587::
5062:/
2231:.
2106:.
1992:.
1966:.
1788:^
1773:^
1758:^
1739:^
1674:^
1623:^
957:.
916:.
898:,
886:,
486::
84:,
4565:)
4559:(
3433:)
3429:(
3365:)
3361:(
3325:)
3321:(
3263:)
3259:(
2313:e
2306:t
2299:v
2272:.
2250:.
2222:.
2196:.
2177:.
2155:.
2127:.
2097:.
2075:.
2049:.
2030:.
2002:.
1976:.
1953:.
1934:.
1098:(
1063:(
717:â
613:â
481:(
361:e
354:t
347:v
20:)
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