1197:
224:
45:
252:
242:
211:
149:
98:
89:
66:
135:
1480:
well, as up to 67 aircraft had been shot down during the operation over Iraqi airspace by a combination of AAA, SAM, and Air defense fighters. According to most observers, this is one of the biggest air battles in history. This operation, allowed the
Iranians to regroup and prepare for the upcoming Iraqi invasion. However, Iraqis would advance deep into
75:
121:
107:
52:
1479:
and the Iraqi military were dealt a heavy blow when
Iranian Air Force vulnerabilities failed to materialize. All Iraqi Air Bases near Iran were rendered inoperable for weeks and, according to Iran, Iraq's aerial efficiency was reduced by 55%. The Iranians on the other hand had taken heavy losses as
1141:
Launched only 3 hours after the formal beginning of the war, the main attack was formed by 140 to 148 Iranian fighter-bombers, plus 60 interceptors and tankers were involved in this operation, and at least 380 air force personnel were also involved, making this the most large-scale operation
1484:
and it would take the
Iranians up to 2 years before they would finally expel the Iraqis from their territory and eventually enter Iraq. The War endured another 6 years, becoming the longest conventional war of the 20th century in which perhaps close to one million were maimed and killed.
1626:
1582:
1982:
1867:
1265:(which were quickly repaired), without causing any significant damage to Iran's Air Force. Now the Iranian Air Force started preparing for a counter-attack which was to be launched the next day.
1468:. The Iranian aircraft were flying so low that the power cables on the outskirts of the major Iraqi cities became a significant risk for the Iranian pilots if they were not cautious enough.
1872:
356:
1967:
1218:
On 22 and 23 September 1980, Iraq launched surprise air strikes on strategic locations in Iran employing a total of 166 to 192 fighter and bomber aircraft for a total of 250 sorties.
968:
1077:
1972:
1932:
1464:
The
Iranian planes flew so low that a billboard of Basra municipality got hooked on the tail of one of the Iranian F-4s, which was discovered upon landing at
1052:
349:
961:
1877:
1735:
1213:
418:
623:
1947:
342:
1838:
1927:
1887:
954:
1749:
1952:
1912:
1828:
1917:
1703:
921:
1957:
1025:
1020:
1558:
1522:
1143:
1131:
1130:. Involving nearly 200 aircraft (of which more than 140 crossed into Iraq), it is considered the largest operation carried out by the
1115:
245:
1790:
44:
1196:
1067:
1062:
1937:
1368:(1 MiG-21RF and 1 MiG-21MF) and 3 Iraqi MiG-23s (MiG-23MS), an Iranian F-5E also shot down an Iraqi Su-20 during the operation.
1057:
1962:
1907:
1651:
1015:
1780:
1201:
820:
392:
1942:
1922:
1439:
1181:
537:
437:
806:
787:
775:
510:
1072:
1897:
1892:
1364:
were scrambled to defend
Iranian airspace against a possible Iraqi retaliation. Iranian F-14s managed to down 2 Iraqi
1010:
1035:
531:
1638:"عملیات کمان ۹۹ضربهای کاری بر پیکره نیروی هوایی ارتش بعثی/ حمله ۱۴۰ فروند جنگنده ایرانی به خاک عراق نسخه چاپی -"
1902:
1882:
1258:
572:
558:
397:
998:
906:
1977:
899:
892:
839:
826:
524:
517:
1123:
885:
870:
863:
669:
442:
409:
382:
832:
655:
642:
579:
402:
1846:
1261:
where most of its combat aircraft were stored, thus the Iraqis succeeded mainly in cratering
Iranian
1030:
1003:
755:
1509:
1457:
1424:
1327:
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1161:
935:
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32:
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1505:
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1311:
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1169:
1165:
1149:
1135:
495:
463:
255:
1806:
1476:
1380:
1350:
1268:
Two hours after this Iraqi attack, the
Iranian air force conducted Operation Entegham (
1042:
782:
719:
483:
303:
273:
1763:
1861:
1845:, vol. 2, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 266–267, archived from
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490:
1655:
1402:
1342:
1331:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1283:
1173:
280:
1512:, where the father of her former classmate Pardisse Entezami was killed in action.
1548:
1361:
1254:
287:
1599:
1823:
1637:
1360:
As all 148 Iranian F-4s and F-5s had been sent for a bombing raid on Iraq, 60
855:
297:
293:
251:
241:
1764:"That's a low level strike: Iranian Air Force F-4 Phantom - The Aviationist"
1481:
1240:. At the same time the Iraqis also bombed 8 other major Air Bases in Iran.
1689:
1625:, and 99 is a reference to the 99 pages of the plan of the operation. See
1279:
1247:
1177:
1047:
993:
1294:
At 5:00 AM on 23 September 1980, Iran launched
Operation Kaman 99 as 40
1508:
mentions the battle in a chapter of her autobiographical graphic novel
1319:
1428:
1405:. According to Iranian reports, the airbase was completely destroyed.
1365:
1262:
1237:
1222:
1205:
1318:. After refueling in mid-air the Phantoms reached the Iraqi capital
946:
1226:
1195:
1119:
334:
223:
216:
183:
1134:. The outcome was clearly successful, as the Iranians achieved
950:
338:
1983:
Attacks on buildings and structures in
Kurdistan Region (Iraq)
1750:"The Memoirs of Pilots on Operation "Kaman 99", Among Others"
1334:
airbases. Meanwhile, eight more F-4s took off from Tehran's
1523:
Islamic
Republic of Iran Air Force#Iran–Iraq War (1980–88)
1621:, meaning "bow"), is a reference to the legendary figure
1338:
and launched a second attack on the al-Rasheed Air Base.
1353:. After the attack on Mosul Air Base, 50 F-5Es attacked
1208:
after Iraqi forces attacked Tehran on 22 September, 1980
504:
Iranian offensives to free Iranian territory (1981–82)
1807:"نحوه عملیات 140 فروندی نیروی هوایی ارتش در سال 59"
1118:in retaliation to Iraqi surprise aerial attacks on
1460:and other targets were bombed in later air raids.
1868:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1980
1078:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
25:
1968:Attacks on military installations in the 1980s
1553:. Harvard University Press, 2015. p. 31.
1616:
1502:), written by Brigadier General Ahmad Mehrnia
1383:. The Air Base was not operable "for months".
1269:
1109:
962:
350:
8:
1427:near Baghdad, destroying 80% of it. Several
329:11 airbases and other infrastructures bombed
1873:Iranian airstrikes during the Iran–Iraq War
1594:
1592:
1590:
1250:to Iraq in a message after this operation.
1232:Half an hour later, Iraqi MiG-23s attacked
1371:Timeline of the air raids are as follows:
969:
955:
947:
357:
343:
335:
268:200 aircraft, of which 140 attacked Iraq:
148:
97:
88:
65:
22:
1973:Attacks on military installations in Iraq
1782:The role of airpower in the Iran-Iraq War
1675:
1673:
1214:22 September 1980 Iraqi airstrike on Iran
1542:
1540:
1538:
1104:), more commonly known by the code-name
1534:
134:
1933:Military operations involving airports
1734:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1727:
1011:Iraq no-fly zones conflict (1991–2003)
1775:
1773:
1652:"140 عقاب ايراني در عمليات" كمان 99""
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1138:for the first years of the conflict.
7:
1611:
1609:
1114:), was an operation launched by the
1004:Iraqi Kurdish/Shi'a uprisings (1991)
922:1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut
649:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1985–87)
545:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1982–84)
1617:
1499:
1270:
1110:
1101:
16:Military operation in Iran-Iraq war
1600:"آشنایی با عملیات البرز (کمان ۹۹)"
1188:were bombed during the operation.
14:
1878:Cross-border operations into Iraq
1253:However, having learned from the
74:
1225:bombed an Iranian Air Base near
1122:the day before which marked the
250:
240:
222:
209:
147:
133:
120:
119:
105:
96:
87:
73:
64:
50:
43:
1948:History of Al Anbar Governorate
1692:(in Russian). 20 November 2022.
1494:Iranian book "140+8 Aircraft" (
1221:At 1:45 pm local time, 6 Iraqi
1016:Iraq air strikes (January 1993)
393:1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran
106:
51:
1:
1928:Baghdad International Airport
1888:September 1980 events in Asia
1824:Video of Iranian TV (Persian)
1440:Baghdad International Airport
1431:were destroyed on the ground.
1419:12 F-4E fighter-bombers from
1408:12 F-4E fighter-bombers from
1397:16 F-4E fighter-bombers from
1386:40 F-5E fighter-bombers from
1375:48 F-5E fighter-bombers from
1357:, which was heavily damaged.
1182:Baghdad International Airport
1043:Iraqi conflict (2003–present)
1953:History of Basra Governorate
1913:Building bombings in Baghdad
1434:8 F-4E fighter-bombers from
1349:, which were sent to attack
1068:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
1063:Iraqi insurgency (2008–2011)
1053:Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)
1918:Attacks on airports in Iraq
1058:Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)
1026:Iraq missile strikes (1996)
1021:Iraq missile strikes (1993)
1999:
1958:Military history of Kirkuk
1259:hardened aircraft shelters
1211:
1036:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
1829:Video about the Operation
1450:airbase) west of Baghdad.
999:Invasion of Kuwait (1990)
989:Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)
984:
398:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
374:
316:
261:
234:
202:
164:
38:
30:
1314:missiles, took off from
624:Kurdish rebellion (1983)
309:380+ air force personnel
1938:1980 in Iraqi Kurdistan
1547:Razoux, Pierre (2015).
1246:asks Iranian pilots to
1073:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
915:International incidents
1963:20th century in Kirkuk
1908:1980 building bombings
1322:, where they attacked
1274:, "Revenge"), bombing
1209:
410:Iraqi invasion of Iran
383:1975 Algiers Agreement
1843:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1690:"ОПЕРАЦИЯ «КАМАН-99»"
1199:
1180:airbases, as well as
743:Karbala 8 (7th Basra)
403:Iranian Embassy siege
317:Casualties and losses
156:Locations hit in Iraq
1943:History of Nasiriyah
1923:Attacks on air bases
1048:Iraq War (2003–2011)
994:Gulf War (1990–1991)
865:June 5 1984 Skirmish
172:23–26 September 1980
1716:on 22 February 2017
1679:Razoux, p. 27.
1658:on 22 February 2017
1458:Al-Muthanna Airport
1425:Al-Rasheed Air Base
1286:Air Bases in Iraq.
1186:Al-Muthanna Airport
1126:of the 8-year-long
1031:Iraq bombing (1998)
936:Iran Air Flight 655
822:Tawakalna ala Allah
769:Final stages (1988)
1898:Baghdad airstrikes
1893:Airstrikes in Iraq
1837:Tafażżolī, Ahmed,
1766:. 9 February 2012.
1752:. 8 November 2016.
1602:. 6 February 2013.
1489:In popular culture
1444:Habbaniya Air Base
1210:
1106:Operation Kaman 99
808:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 4
789:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 3
777:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 2
567:Muharram ol-Harram
388:Iranian Revolution
306:transport aircraft
26:Operation Kaman 99
1550:The Iran-Iraq War
1392:Nasiriya Air Base
1355:Nasiriya Air Base
1341:Iran launched 58
1257:, Iran had built
1144:Iranian Air Force
1142:conducted by the
1116:Iranian Air Force
1088:
1087:
978:Persian Gulf Wars
944:
943:
377:Pre-war incidents
333:
332:
326:40 aircraft lost
246:Iranian Air Force
198:
197:
1990:
1903:1980s in Baghdad
1883:1980 in aviation
1850:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1715:
1709:. Archived from
1708:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1654:. Archived from
1648:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1623:Arash the Archer
1620:
1619:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1585:
1580:
1565:
1564:
1544:
1501:
1466:Bushehr Air Base
1436:Hamadan Air Base
1421:Hamadan Air Base
1410:Bushehr Air Base
1399:Hamadan Air Base
1316:Hamadan Air Base
1273:
1272:
1234:Mehrabad Airport
1202:Mehrabad Airport
1113:
1112:
1103:
1094:Operation Alborz
979:
971:
964:
957:
948:
802:Halabja massacre
538:2nd Khorramshahr
533:Beit-ol-Moqaddas
477:Stalemate (1981)
438:1st Khorramshahr
369:
359:
352:
345:
336:
322:24 aircraft lost
312:166-192 aircraft
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53:
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23:
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1858:
1857:
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1849:on 28 June 2009
1836:
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1815:
1814:
1809:. 27 June 2010.
1805:
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1762:
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1748:
1747:
1743:
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1719:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1704:"Archived copy"
1702:
1701:
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1506:Marjane Satrapi
1491:
1474:
1454:Kirkuk Air Base
1414:Shaiba Air Base
1388:Dezful Air Base
1377:Tabriz Air Base
1347:Tabriz Air Base
1312:AGM-65 Maverick
1292:
1223:MiG-23 Floggers
1216:
1194:
1136:air superiority
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1090:
1089:
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859:
771:
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574:Before the Dawn
560:Moslem Ibn Aqil
512:Samen-ol-A'emeh
506:
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419:Iraqi airstrike
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379:
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276:fighter-bombers
256:Iraqi Air Force
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1271:عملیات انتقام
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1128:Iran–Iraq War
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33:Iran–Iraq War
29:
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1847:the original
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1744:
1718:. Retrieved
1711:the original
1698:
1684:
1660:. Retrieved
1656:the original
1646:
1632:
1549:
1500:8+140 فروندی
1475:
1463:
1403:Kut Air Base
1370:
1362:F-14 Tomcats
1359:
1340:
1296:F-4 Phantoms
1293:
1267:
1252:
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1102:عملیات البرز
1093:
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887:Prime Chance
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872:Earnest Will
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290:interceptors
267:
203:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
1662:21 February
1446:(including
1255:Six-Day War
1164:(including
834:Forty Stars
723:(6th Basra)
715:(5th Basra)
659:(4th Basra)
619:(3rd Basra)
611:(2nd Basra)
554:(1st Basra)
288:F-14 Tomcat
1862:Categories
1529:References
1510:Persepolis
1328:Habbaniyah
1324:al-Rasheed
1290:The battle
1162:Habbaniyah
1154:Al-Rasheed
856:Tanker War
827:2nd al-Faw
757:Karbala 10
670:1st al-Faw
298:Boeing 747
294:Boeing 707
1785:. DIANE.
1615:"Kaman" (
1482:Khuzestan
1472:Aftermath
1124:beginning
879:Bridgeton
750:Karbala 9
736:Karbala 7
729:Karbala 6
721:Karbala 5
713:Karbala 4
699:Karbala 3
692:Karbala 2
684:Karbala 1
458:Sultan 10
81:Nasiriyah
1839:"Āraš i"
1730:cite web
1720:25 April
1583:AJA News
1517:See also
1336:Mehrabad
1280:Umm Qasr
1178:Umm Qasr
1158:Nasiriya
931:incident
881:incident
686:(Mehran)
470:Morvarid
432:Kaman 99
283:fighters
262:Strength
179:Location
174:(4 days)
127:Umm Qasr
1496:Persian
1438:bombed
1429:MiG-23s
1423:bombed
1412:bombed
1401:bombed
1390:bombed
1379:bombed
1366:MiG-21s
1320:Baghdad
1304:Mark 83
1300:Mark 82
1263:runways
1192:Prelude
1098:Persian
815:Zafar 7
796:Dawn 10
643:Marshes
617:Kheibar
552:Ramadan
425:Revenge
300:tankers
1789:
1557:
1448:Tammuz
1276:Shaiba
1248:defect
1238:Tehran
1206:Tehran
1176:, and
1170:Shaiba
1166:Tammuz
1150:Kirkuk
848:Mersad
763:Nasr 4
706:Fath 1
677:Dawn 9
665:Dawn 8
637:Dawn 7
630:Dawn 6
609:Dawn 5
602:Dawn 4
595:Dawn 3
588:Dawn 2
581:Dawn 1
464:Abadan
451:Dezful
412:(1980)
214:
191:Result
113:Shaiba
58:Kirkuk
1714:(PDF)
1707:(PDF)
1345:from
1227:Ahvaz
1132:IRIAF
929:Stark
497:Opera
1787:ISBN
1736:link
1722:2020
1664:2017
1618:کمان
1555:ISBN
1330:and
1310:and
1306:and
1282:and
1184:and
1120:Iran
927:USS
657:Badr
485:Nasr
296:and
229:Iraq
217:Iran
184:Iraq
169:Date
1332:Kut
1284:Kut
1236:in
1204:in
1174:Kut
1168:),
491:H-3
286:60
279:88
272:58
1864::
1841:,
1772:^
1732:}}
1728:{{
1672:^
1608:^
1589:^
1569:^
1537:^
1498::
1456:,
1326:,
1302:,
1278:,
1229:.
1172:,
1160:,
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1146:.
1100::
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1795:.
1738:)
1724:.
1666:.
1640:.
1563:.
1416:.
1394:.
1108:(
1096:(
970:e
963:t
956:v
829:)
825:(
672:)
668:(
540:)
536:(
358:e
351:t
344:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
