1026:
history was so rejected that it was carelessly scientific. The author, as a member of the first division of the Diver Ranger
Battalion in Operation Karbala 4, did everything I could to access the oral history of this operation, but to no avail. The first document for me was to find traces of the survivors. 60 battalions took part in Operation Karbala IV. I believe in this figure. I also believe that the IRGC had prepared a little more than 250 equipped battalions from destruction to divers and infantry. But only these 60 battalions started the operation on the 3rd of January at 20:20. At 12:10, our battalion did not reach the fish gorge until midnight. At 6 a.m. on January 25, the commanders agreed to withdraw, and the forces that had not regained their positions refused to move. At 11 a.m., Iraq began its heavy patrol against the Iranian forces, and at 11:45 p.m. The order to stop the operation was announced. Of my company, myself and Ali Khanlou, and of the total unit of 500 people, only 17 survived but were severely injured and disabled, the rest of the comrades were exhausted during these 4 hours.
956:
barbed wire, electrodes and various sensors. In addition, behind each waterway and defensive line was radar-guided artillery, ground attack aircraft, and combat helicopters; all capable of firing poison gas in addition to conventional munitions. Iran's strategy was to penetrate through these massive defensive lines, and encircle Basra, cutting off the city as well as the Al-Faw peninsula from the rest of Iraq. While being the largest and most sophisticated attack since 1984, it was actually a part of Iran's strategy of attrition, in order to strike an unsustainable blow against Iraq, as the
Iranians had little hope of a decisive victory in the face of Iraq's massive rearmament. There were hopes that it could bring about Iraq's downfall through sheer depletion. Iran's plan was for a diversionary attack near Basra (Karbala-4), the main offensive (Karbala-5), and another diversionary attack using Iranian armor in the north to have Iraqi heavy armor diverted away from Basra (Karbala-6). For these battles, Iran had swelled their military ranks by recruiting many new Basij and Pasdaran volunteers.
993:
not follow with the initial advance of their own forces. Fighting lasted for three days, during which the
Iranian forces were pummeled by the Iraqi defenses. Iraqi troops used artillery, aircraft, and machine guns firing from prepared defenses. Iranian troops died by the thousands. Iraqi casualties were one-eighth that of Iranian losses. By the time the Iranians retreated, thousands of dead Iranian soldiers covered the landscape. Iran had lost 8,000 troops, while Iraq had lost 800. Iran claimed Iraq's defenses benefited from US supplied intelligence which provided details of Iranian plans and preparations, thus permitting Iraq to coordinate an effective defense as precise points where the attack occurred. Iraqi mistreatment of captured Iranian forces, including the burying alive of military divers became the subject matter for the 2015 Iranian film 175 Divers.
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and a member of the first division of the Diver Ranger
Battalion in Operation Karbala 4, stressed that at least one month before the operation, 100% of the diver units were ready And the strategy of the IRGC superiors and the road map, especially the wrong time and place, it was basically impossible
1001:
The battle killed about 8,000 Iranians (while wounding 11000) and 800 Iraqis in those three days alone. However, this battle proved to be the beginning of a major offensive of which would last until
February. The operation had been poorly planned, and doubtlessly rushed due to the Kuwait conference.
992:
A major inadequacy in
Iranian military preparations for the offensive was the practically non-existent follow up support provided to their forces once they broke out from the islands. With the exception of limited artillery support, all of it remained on the Iranian side of the Shatt al-Arab and did
1025:
Until a few years ago, there was talk of
Operation Karbala 4 being a taboo and an unfortunate sin. It was enough for a survivor, a battalion commander, a martyr father to say something as an oral history from the 3rd of December 1986! Either Anna was denied or the researcher and historian of oral
984:
in dinghies and motorized seacraft, using the cover of dawn to hide their movements. Almost immediately, the
Iranians met the Iraqi defenses waiting for them on the shorelines of the island. A major drawback for the Iranians came in the form of little to no artillery support against the Iraqis.
955:
The Iraqis had constructed heavy static fortifications around the city. They built 5 defensive rings, supported by natural waterways such as the Shatt-al-Arab, and manmade ones, such as Fish Lake and the Jasim River, along with manmade earth barriers. Fish Lake was filled with mines, underwater
972:
crossing the lake in rubber speedboats to launch a surprise attack upon Umm ar-Rasas Island. Upon landing, Iraqi searchlight operators found the frogmen. The
Iranians were now totally exposed. Iraqi machine gunners opened up with a hail of bullets, killing all but a few of the Iranian force.
1035:
On May 18, 2015, bodies of 175 Iranian divers who were reportedly buried alive with their hands tied returned to Iran. Some of the bodies were discovered with no injuries, and it was realized they were buried alive with their hands tied. The fighters belonged to four units from
944:(although it may have been called that only after it failed). It would attack from Umm ar-Rasas island to other islands and roads to help create a broad encirclement of Basra. It may have been rushed ahead to intimidate the
936:. The operation would be launched under cover of darkness in order to gain a foothold along the Shatt-al-Arab waterway. Once across, the Iranian forces would go on the offensive and eventually move onto the port city of
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318:
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The
Iranians (with the exception of the night attack and the amphibious crossings) did not use their innovative tactics and mainly used human waves. The more sophisticated
311:
940:. The attack would be launched towards the Umm ar-Rasas Island in the Shatt al Arab. It most likely was meant as a diversionary attack before the upcoming
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https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Iran_Iraq_War/V_-MKu4k6QAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Operation+Karbala-4+book&printsec=frontcover
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However the Iranians managed to overrun parts of Umm ar-Rasas and other islands, and they crossed them using
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would be launched two weeks later and would eventually become the largest battle of the whole war.
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1447:"The untold stories of commodore Mirza Mehdi Tehrani's marine ranger from the Operation Karbala-4"
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One of the 175 divers, who were buried alive with their hands tied during Operation Karbala 4
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In 2015, Iranian filmmakers started production of a movie about the operation, naming it
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The repatriation led to an unprecedentedly emotional response on Iranian social media.
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1537:"Remains of Iranian divers killed by Saddam's Iraq (PHOTOS) » Iran Front Page"
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A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 4: The Globalizing Era, 1984–2010
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1624:"Social Media's Users' Mourning for 175 Martyr Divers with Tied Hands",
1682:. Tehran: The Center for War Studies and Researches. 2007. p. 76.
916:
on the southern front. The operation was launched after the failure of
1158:
http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/9005lessonsiraniraqii-chap08.pdf
1371:"Operation Karbala-4 was not a military deception: General Soleimani"
1215:
Wars of Modern Babylon: A History of the Iraqi Army from 1921 to 2003
949:
1421:"روایت تکاور غواص بازمانده از عملیات کربلای ۴، به یاد شهدای پرکشیده"
1612:"جزئیات شهادت ۱۷۵غواص خطشکن/ مظلومیتی که در بازی رسانهای بیشترشد"
1396:"غفلت تاریخ شفاهی از کربلای 4؛ به یاد رفقای پرکشیده گردانهای غواص"
937:
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to move the Iraqi lines in an effort to capture Iraqi territory.
1566:"Return of 175 martyr divers agitates grievous memories in Iran"
1493:"Return of 175 martyr divers agitates grievous memories in Iran"
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1472:"Return of 175 Iranian bodies from Iraq stirs painful memories"
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The following morning, 60,000 Pasdaran and Basijis crossed the
300:
1519:"Iran buries 175 military divers killed in 1980s Iraq war"
932:
The battle itself was planned and eventually executed by
466:
Iranian offensives to free Iranian territory (1981–82)
1630:
http://etemadnewspaper.ir/Default.aspx?News_Id=15802
1680:
Atlas of Iran Iraq War, a concise of ground battles
1587:"Remains of Iranian divers killed by Saddam's Iraq"
1148:
In The Rose Garden Of The Martyrs: A Memoir Of Iran
1060:
1497:Organization for Educational Research and Planning
1119:Iran later published a stamp for the 175 divers.
1021:to win this operation from the beginning, writes:
1012:the last commander of the Kamil Battalion of the
1707:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1986
1136:Essential Histories: The Iran Iraq War 1980-1988
1250:. Harvard University Press, 2015. p. 386.
21:
1144:, by Robin Wright, Simon & Schuster, 1989
312:
8:
1138:, by Efraim Karsh, Osprey Publishing, 2002
319:
305:
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1656:"'175 divers' starts production in Iran"
968:night of 1986 with elite frogmen of the
1204:
1142:In The Name of God: The Khomeini Decade
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1318:
1317:
1306:
1057:
1031:Returning bodies of 175 Iranian divers
16:Iranian offensive in the Iran–Iraq War
7:
1642:"Iran to unveil Martyr divers stamp"
884:1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut
611:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1985–87)
507:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1982–84)
14:
1212:Malovany, Pesach (21 July 2017).
1014:27th Mohammad Rasulullah Division
1747:20th-century mass murder in Iraq
1218:. University Press of Kentucky.
1107:
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912:was an Iranian offensive in the
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1732:Crimes against prisoners of war
1568:. Mehr News Agency. 2015-05-30
1445:Abbasian, Elnaz (2023-12-24).
355:1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran
1:
1176:. Osprey Publishing Limited.
1081:Funeral of Iranian KIA divers
1752:December 1986 events in Asia
1543:. 2015-06-07. Archived from
1517:Wilkin, Sam (16 June 2015).
964:The operation began during
948:meeting in then Iraqi ally
1768:
1717:Basra in the Iran–Iraq War
1337:Pedestrian (2016-12-01).
1277:. Duke University Press.
1065:
1010:Mehdi Mirza Mehdi Tehrani
946:Islamic Summit Conference
360:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
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242:
156:
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109:Iranian offensive failure
43:
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26:
1474:. Al-Monitor. 2015-05-21
1453:(in Persian and English)
1427:(in Persian). 2021-12-24
1402:(in Persian). 2021-12-23
1152:Christopher de Bellaigue
934:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
586:Kurdish rebellion (1983)
226:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
106:Successful Iraqi defense
1244:Razoux, Pierre (2015).
1170:Farrokh, Kaveh (2011).
877:International incidents
1339:"Iran's Memory of War"
1271:Naficy, Hamid (2011).
1173:Iran at War: 1500–1988
1028:
372:Iraqi invasion of Iran
345:1975 Algiers Agreement
157:Commanders and leaders
1154:, HarperCollins, 2005
1023:
705:Karbala 8 (7th Basra)
365:Iranian Embassy siege
277:Casualties and losses
1722:Iran–Iraq War crimes
1644:. 28 September 2015.
827:June 5 1984 Skirmish
1742:Mass murder in 1986
1004:Operation Karbala-5
980:north and south of
942:Operation Karbala-5
922:Operation Karbala-3
918:Operation Karbala-2
910:Operation Karbala-4
898:Iran Air Flight 655
784:Tawakalna ala Allah
731:Final stages (1988)
78: /
51:25–27 December 1986
22:Operation Karbala-4
1712:Operations Karbala
1163:2013-06-07 at the
770:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 4
751:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 3
739:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 2
529:Muharram ol-Harram
350:Iranian Revolution
1737:Premature burials
1689:978-964-6315-41-9
1626:Etemaad Newspaper
1316:External link in
1284:978-0-8223-4878-8
1247:The Iran-Iraq War
1077:
1076:
906:
905:
339:Pre-war incidents
295:
294:
215:Ruhollah Khomeini
115:
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82:30.433°N 48.117°E
61:Basra Governorate
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1727:Iraqi war crimes
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1658:. Archived from
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1628:, May 23, 2015,
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500:2nd Khorramshahr
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400:1st Khorramshahr
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1377:. 2018-12-31
1375:Tehran Times
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120:Belligerents
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27:Part of the
1189:25 December
1052:divisions.
796:Forty Stars
685:(6th Basra)
677:(5th Basra)
621:(4th Basra)
581:(3rd Basra)
573:(2nd Basra)
516:(1st Basra)
253:Najaf Corps
85: /
1701:Categories
1666:2016-10-05
1597:2015-06-12
1572:2015-06-12
1551:2015-06-12
1503:2015-06-12
1478:2015-06-12
1457:2023-12-25
1431:2022-03-21
1406:2022-03-21
1381:2019-12-26
1356:2023-08-05
1199:References
1124:175 Divers
960:The battle
818:Tanker War
789:2nd al-Faw
719:Karbala 10
632:1st al-Faw
282:800 killed
259:Nouh Corps
255:Quds Corps
192:Jawad Rumi
1400:خبرآنلاین
1351:0015-7120
1309:cite book
997:Aftermath
966:Christmas
841:Bridgeton
712:Karbala 9
698:Karbala 7
691:Karbala 6
683:Karbala 5
675:Karbala 4
661:Karbala 3
654:Karbala 2
646:Karbala 1
420:Sultan 10
250:7th Corps
248:3rd Corps
1161:Archived
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893:incident
843:incident
648:(Mehran)
432:Morvarid
394:Kaman 99
264:Strength
56:Location
1523:Reuters
1016:in the
928:Prelude
777:Zafar 7
758:Dawn 10
605:Marshes
579:Kheibar
514:Ramadan
387:Revenge
269:Unknown
73:48°07′E
70:30°26′N
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564:Dawn 4
557:Dawn 3
550:Dawn 2
543:Dawn 1
426:Abadan
413:Dezful
374:(1980)
272:60,000
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98:Result
1150:, by
938:Basra
891:Stark
459:Opera
1684:ISBN
1347:ISSN
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1191:2014
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1050:14th
1048:and
1042:41st
1038:25th
920:and
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150:Iran
135:Iraq
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