20:
252:
215:
to impress the natives, who were bribed by the
Japanese to collaborate with them. From August 1943 onward, the Japanese post was frequently bombarded. In September 1943 an armed band of 400 Papuan natives, angered by Japanese exactions who had mistreated or killed neighbouring villagers, attacked
186:
had been torched by de Bruijn and his men during their retreat to safety in the surrounding valleys. While there, de Bruijn met with Joseph, a young Papuan who had guided the
Japanese and escaped as soon as they reached the lake. The previous year he had been convinced by the Japanese to go to
174:
fighters and floatplanes on reconnaissance flights over the lake in order to show their awareness of his presence there. Owing to
Japanese's sheer numerical superiority, de Bruijn decided to limit his operations to intelligence work on Japanese troop movements. However, in early 1943, Japanese
175:
reconnaissance aircraft were making long passes over the lakes, often flying below 150 feet, taking photographs for a planned occupation. On 11 May a mountain Papuan brought in a report indicating that a party of 60 Japanese were coming inland. A few days later, a plane with Rear-Admiral
268:
Over a two-year period, this guerilla force raided and ambushed
Japanese positions, pillaged supplies and destroyed ammunition dumps, killing more than 30 Japanese soldiers in the process. Although they managed to divert some Japanese forces and destroy their supplies, the
228:, which the Japanese had felt safe to use until then. However, the Japanese struck first, forcing them to pull back from Bilorai. One day, east of Bilorai, the Japanese were ambushed during their sleep by a patrol of two Indonesians and five Papuans, killing fifteen with
223:
The
Oaktree party was now getting stronger, fortified by new radio sets, food, rifles, and military training, reaching about 40 men strong, who were based at Bilorai. It was agreed that they would try to ambush Japanese parties along the trail from the coast to the
1453:
786:
211:. De Bruijn kept a low profile, gathering intelligence and using airdrops of supplies such as ammunition and rifles, while training his men on how to shoot. De Bruijn also called on his HQ to bomb Japanese positions at
1446:
1439:
1636:
779:
163:
near
Kaukenau, who were constructing an airfield and a base there. He and his men withdrew from the coast and headed for the mountains, while destroying bridges along the way to slow the Japanese.
772:
232:
and hand grenades. At the same time, native observers reported that more and more
Japanese troops were moving toward the mountains, fleeing from their strongholds on the northern coast at
1631:
147:
When de Bruijn came back to the highlands, he found out that because of his departure, the natives had been convinced by the
Japanese to report directly to their headquarters in
220:
with bows and arrows but were repelled by the soldiers' superior firepower, leaving 6 Papuans killed. From then on the
Japanese would not go out on patrol unless fully armed.
200:
50:
179:
on board, Commander-in-Chief of the Royal
Netherlands Navy in Australia, landed on the lake. Koenraad pressed him to evacuate, but de Bruijn was determined to stay.
159:
and disarm the sleeping Papuan policemen who had sided with the Japanese. While interrogating the natives, he discovered that the Japanese had landed 450 marines at
325:
was spared by the fighting, as the Dutch still enjoyed popularity among the native population, and remained in their hands until 1962, before its transfer to
207:
was also provided. It soon became obvious that the Japanese were staying and intended to guard the lakes in case any plane should attempt a landing on
317:. Among the Dutch, he was the exception rather than the rule, and their prestige was seriously damaged by the Japanese occupation, which led to the
240:, which had been invaded by the Americans. To avoid becoming trapped between Japanese troops retreating from the north and those to the west at
111:
that remained. In July de Bruijn went to Australia to plead his case. At that time, all the planes in Australia were required either by General
131:
with rifles and ammunition, but that no further help could be immediately provided. On the morning of 5 November 1942, a plane flew him from
203:
HQ in Australia, which started realizing the importance of his mission in the highlands. Further information about the Japanese airfield at
1364:
1358:
1068:
976:
256:
293:
by allied and Dutch propaganda, waving the flag and maintaining the prestige of the Dutch among the inhabitants of the area, just as
1148:
1142:
692:
318:
151:, which they had occupied in April 1942. The following month, in December, he was made aware that the Japanese had sent two
302:
289:. It was essentially a symbolic victory, as de Bruijn was portrayed as the irreducible symbol of Dutch resistance in the
306:
191:, and was disgusted by what he had seen there. Joseph provided important information about Japanese forces stationed at
286:
19:
273:
was of little military importance. Nevertheless, it did allow the gathering of information on Japanese positions at
310:
77:
747:
245:
237:
1017:
1011:
862:
229:
127:. This made it impossible for de Bruijn to receive reinforcement. It was agreed that he would return to the
1431:
1493:
817:
314:
1522:
823:
764:
671:
120:
104:
42:
23:
65:
region was not known outside New Guinea until 1937. In order to assert Dutch control over the area, a
124:
1023:
233:
171:
160:
80:
in early 1942, followed in April 1942 by Dutch New Guinea, thus isolating the post from the coast.
1603:
1557:
1545:
1487:
1407:
1401:
1341:
1169:
1101:
982:
916:
829:
811:
357:"No Indonesian Danger In N.G.", Says Visitor". The Sydney Morning Herald. (22 August 1950). p. 2.
322:
46:
1597:
1528:
1499:
1413:
1395:
1243:
1212:
1062:
910:
904:
898:
874:
856:
298:
290:
251:
112:
108:
89:
66:
1574:
1551:
1505:
1419:
1335:
1092:
1050:
991:
961:
955:
949:
940:
934:
922:
850:
844:
838:
34:
166:
De Bruijn did not know until he reached the post that the Japanese, angered by his raid on
103:
Dutch and Australian governments considered evacuating the post, but its district officer,
1609:
1472:
1383:
1284:
1249:
1224:
1160:
868:
294:
176:
1154:
167:
156:
155:
along the coast south of Enarotali. He managed to reach the coast, raid the village of
1625:
730:
717:
696:
282:
85:
664:
Jungle Pimpernel; The story of a district officer in central Netherlands New Guinea
270:
225:
208:
196:
192:
128:
97:
62:
38:
1329:
345:
742:
706:"Una Voce, Journal of the Papua New Guinea association of Australia inc No 3"
705:
1389:
326:
241:
217:
212:
183:
152:
136:
116:
93:
81:
70:
49:
for more than two years between December 1942 and July 1944, handled by the
321:
and the subsequent Dutch withdrawal from the country in 1949. However,
132:
107:, was determined to stay and fight in order to keep the little of the
278:
274:
204:
188:
148:
301:
20 years before, and who was a source of inspiration for de Bruijn.
255:
Members of the guerrilla force Oaktree being interviewed by a Dutch
182:
On 26 May 1943 the Japanese reached the lakes, only to realize that
250:
18:
393:
Klemen. L. (1999–2000), The Fall of Dutch New Guinea, April 1942.
244:, an evacuation call was made. On the morning of 26 July 1944, a
1435:
768:
676:
Allies in Adversity: Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War
722:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942
344:
NEFIS". Allies in Adversity: Australia and the Dutch in the
751:. National Library of Australia. 22 August 1950. p. 2
69:
and a radio-equipped government post were established at
1462:
Dutch East Indies Commando raids of the Second World War
1637:
Military operations of World War II involving Australia
731:"Dutch Sigint and the Conflict with Indonesia 1950-62"
45:, some 40 soldiers operated in the highland region of
795:
Australian special operations of the Second World War
401:
399:
1584:
1567:
1538:
1515:
1480:
1467:
1374:
1351:
1277:
1234:
1185:
1135:
1004:
800:
201:
Netherlands East Indies Forces Intelligence Service
51:
Netherlands East Indies Forces Intelligence Service
16:
Dutch World War II military operation in New Guinea
199:, and Timika. De Bruijn subsequently radioed the
743:""No Indonesian Danger In N.G.", Says Visitor"
78:Dutch East Indies were invaded by the Japanese
1632:Military operations involving the Netherlands
1447:
780:
248:met them on Hagers lake, ending the mission.
88:, the last remaining Dutch stronghold in the
84:maintained contacts, albeit loose ones, with
8:
389:
387:
1454:
1440:
1432:
787:
773:
765:
718:"The Fall of Dutch New Guinea, April 1942"
378:
337:
645:
1029:Operation Cockroach (1942, abandoned)
931:Operation Blackfish (1945, abandoned)
693:"Digital Atlas of Indonesian History"
366:
7:
735:Intelligence & National Security
633:
621:
609:
597:
585:
573:
561:
549:
537:
525:
513:
501:
489:
477:
465:
453:
441:
429:
417:
405:
96:due to liaison seaplanes landing on
988:Operation Anchovy (1945, abandoned)
1038:Operation Spider (1942, abandoned)
33:was a Dutch military operation in
14:
895:Operation Louse (1944, abandoned)
883:Operation Bat & Apache (1944)
835:Operation Ambon (1942, abandoned)
666:. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
285:, which proved useful during the
1041:Operation Wasp (1942, abandoned)
970:Operation Carp (1945, abandoned)
892:Operation Flea (1944, abandoned)
973:Operation Cod (1945, abandoned)
41:. Under the command of Captain
319:Indonesian war of independence
53:, with Australian assistance.
1:
1332:(or 'Tulip Force') (1942–43)
1255:Operation Politician-Optican
1074:Operation Mosstroops (1943)
305:personally awarded him the
287:Western New Guinea campaign
1653:
946:Operation Lagartout (1945)
348:. Australian War Memorial.
307:Netherlands Cross of Merit
1166:Operation Squirrel (1945)
1035:Operation Ladybird (1942)
748:The Sydney Morning Herald
678:. Australian War Memorial
1110:Operation Phoenix (1944)
1077:Operation Menzies (1944)
716:L., Klemen (1999–2000).
311:Netherlands Bronze Cross
230:Thompson submachine guns
26:and native Papuans, 1943
1107:Operation Falcon (1944)
1086:Operation Silver (1944)
1083:Operation Reaper (1944)
1032:Operation Beetle (1942)
967:Operation Salmon (1945)
928:Operation Sundog (1945)
880:Operation Hornet (1944)
259:officer, September 1944
119:government to fight in
1494:Operation Tiger (Java)
1290:Operation Apple (1945)
1098:Operation Vokeo (1944)
1080:Operation Perch (1944)
818:Operation Tiger (Java)
691:Cribb, Robert (2010).
315:Order of Orange-Nassau
260:
27:
1302:Operation Pine Needle
1089:Operation Gold (1944)
1044:Operation Tick (1942)
997:Operation Demo (1945)
889:Operation Gnat (1944)
886:Operation Wasp (1944)
729:Platje, Wies (2001).
704:Blaikie, Bob (2003).
271:highland lakes region
254:
105:Jean Victor de Bruijn
43:Jean Victor de Bruijn
24:Jean Victor de Bruijn
22:
1365:Operation Kingfisher
1047:Operation Bug (1942)
923:Operation Suncharlie
662:Rhys, Lloyd (1947).
329:the following year.
281:and further west at
1317:Operation Asparagus
1264:Operation Carpenter
1261:Operation Crocodile
935:Operation Blackbird
492:, pp. 118–119.
468:, pp. 109–110.
1604:Operation Crayfish
1558:Operation Firetree
1546:Operation Flounder
1488:Operation Mackerel
1402:Operation Firetree
1359:Operation Hornbill
1342:Operation Guidance
1326:Operation Stallion
1299:Operation Goldfish
1270:Operation Oblivion
1170:Operation Platypus
1149:Operation Python 2
1143:Operation Python 1
1128:Operation Flathead
1125:Operation Socrates
1102:Operation Crayfish
1069:Operation Scorpion
983:Operation Binatang
977:Operation Starfish
917:Operation Sunbaker
877:(1944, incomplete)
830:Operation Flounder
812:Operation Mackerel
648:, pp. 302–08.
612:, p. 238–239.
323:Western New Guinea
261:
121:Eastern New Guinea
47:Western New Guinea
28:
1619:
1618:
1598:Operation Whiting
1592:Operation Oaktree
1529:Operation Apricot
1500:Operation Parsnip
1429:
1428:
1414:Operation Parsnip
1396:Operation Apricot
1375:other Netherlands
1244:Operation Jaywick
1218:Operation Swallow
1213:Operation Opossum
1209:Operation Garnish
1194:Operation Giraffe
1178:Operation Vulture
1063:Operation Whiting
1057:Operation Oaktree
1018:Heath's Farm Raid
958:(1945, abandoned)
937:(1945, abandoned)
911:Operation Sunable
905:Operation Sunfish
901:(1944, abandoned)
899:Operation Sounder
857:Operation Lagarto
299:German New Guinea
291:Dutch East Indies
113:Douglas MacArthur
109:Dutch East Indies
90:Dutch East Indies
67:Christian mission
31:Operation Oaktree
1644:
1575:Operation Lancer
1552:Operation Walnut
1506:Operation Inco I
1456:
1449:
1442:
1433:
1420:Operation Inco I
1336:Operation Source
1314:Operation Radish
1311:Operation Carrot
1296:Operation Potato
1293:Operation Turnip
1267:Operation Period
1258:Operation Gunard
1203:Operation Magpie
1122:Operation Lennon
1093:Operation Copper
1051:Operation Locust
992:Operation Groper
962:Operation Suncob
956:Operation Pigeon
941:Operation Sunlag
875:Operation Mugger
851:Operation Lizard
845:Operation Lancer
839:Operation Walnut
789:
782:
775:
766:
760:
758:
756:
738:
725:
712:
710:
700:
699:on 9 April 2017.
695:. Archived from
687:
685:
683:
667:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
529:
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
457:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
394:
391:
382:
376:
370:
364:
358:
355:
349:
342:
303:Queen Wilhelmina
35:Dutch New Guinea
1652:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:Operation Prawn
1580:
1563:
1534:
1511:
1476:
1473:Korps Insulinde
1463:
1460:
1430:
1425:
1408:Operation Poppy
1384:Operation Prawn
1376:
1370:
1347:
1323:Operation Robin
1320:Operation Bream
1308:Operation Shark
1305:Operation Trout
1285:Operation Sabre
1273:
1250:Operation Rimau
1236:
1230:
1225:Operation Finch
1221:Operation Swift
1206:Operation Raven
1200:Operation Shril
1197:Operation Crane
1187:
1181:
1161:Operation Semut
1131:
1000:
869:Operation Adder
863:Operation Cobra
804:
802:
796:
793:
763:
754:
752:
741:
728:
715:
708:
703:
690:
681:
679:
670:
661:
657:
652:
644:
640:
632:
628:
620:
616:
608:
604:
596:
592:
584:
580:
572:
568:
560:
556:
548:
544:
536:
532:
524:
520:
512:
508:
500:
496:
488:
484:
476:
472:
464:
460:
452:
448:
440:
436:
428:
424:
420:, p. 103..
416:
412:
404:
397:
392:
385:
377:
373:
365:
361:
356:
352:
343:
339:
335:
295:Hermann Detzner
266:
177:Pieter Koenraad
145:
125:Solomon Islands
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1523:Operation Lion
1519:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:Operation Toad
1173:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1155:Operation Agas
1152:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:Operation Dodo
1114:
1113:Operation Rose
1111:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
995:
989:
986:
980:
974:
971:
968:
965:
959:
953:
950:Operation Brim
947:
944:
938:
932:
929:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
833:
827:
824:Operation Lion
821:
815:
808:
806:
798:
797:
794:
792:
791:
784:
777:
769:
762:
761:
739:
726:
713:
701:
688:
668:
658:
656:
653:
651:
650:
638:
636:, p. 116.
626:
624:, p. 110.
614:
602:
600:, p. 235.
590:
588:, p. 230.
578:
576:, p. 213.
566:
564:, p. 204.
554:
552:, p. 201.
542:
540:, p. 190.
530:
528:, p. 186.
518:
516:, p. 145.
506:
504:, p. 122.
494:
482:
480:, p. 113.
470:
458:
456:, p. 108.
446:
444:, p. 106.
434:
432:, p. 105.
422:
410:
408:, p. 104.
395:
383:
371:
359:
350:
336:
334:
331:
265:
262:
144:
141:
58:
55:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1649:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:Operation Moa
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:Salamaua Raid
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
809:
807:
799:
790:
785:
783:
778:
776:
771:
770:
767:
750:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
723:
719:
714:
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669:
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381:, p. 18.
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73:in May 1938.
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32:
25:
21:
1591:
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925:(April 1945)
755:25 September
753:. Retrieved
746:
734:
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697:the original
682:27 September
680:. Retrieved
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379:Blaikie 2003
374:
362:
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297:had done in
267:
222:
181:
165:
146:
102:
76:Most of the
75:
63:Wissel Lakes
60:
39:World War II
30:
29:
1377:East Indies
1330:Mission 204
1186:Celebes and
646:Platje 2001
346:Pacific War
209:Lake Paniai
170:, had sent
98:Paniai lake
92:, and with
1626:Categories
1585:New Guinea
1237:China Seas
1235:Malaya and
1005:New Guinea
655:References
367:Cribb 2010
277:, Timika,
153:destroyers
117:Australian
57:Background
1594:(1942–44)
1554:(1942–43)
1475:(1943–45)
1390:Dace Raid
1367:(1944–45)
1252:(1944–45)
1059:(1942–44)
1024:Mubo Raid
853:(1942–43)
841:(1942-43)
634:Rhys 1947
622:Rhys 1947
610:Rhys 1947
598:Rhys 1947
586:Rhys 1947
574:Rhys 1947
562:Rhys 1947
550:Rhys 1947
538:Rhys 1947
526:Rhys 1947
514:Rhys 1947
502:Rhys 1947
490:Rhys 1947
478:Rhys 1947
466:Rhys 1947
454:Rhys 1947
442:Rhys 1947
430:Rhys 1947
418:Rhys 1947
406:Rhys 1947
327:Indonesia
264:Aftermath
242:Enarotali
234:Hollandia
218:Enarotali
213:Enarotali
184:Enarotali
143:Operation
137:Enarotali
129:highlands
94:Australia
82:Enarotali
71:Enarotali
1539:Moluccas
1352:proposed
1188:Moluccas
805:and Java
313:and the
246:Catalina
123:and the
1516:Celebes
1468:Sumatra
672:"NEFIS"
161:Timoeka
133:Merauke
115:or the
86:Merauke
37:during
1612:(1944)
1606:(1944)
1600:(1943)
1577:(1942)
1560:(1945)
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1172:(1945)
1163:(1945)
1157:(1945)
1151:(1944)
1145:(1943)
1136:Borneo
1104:(1944)
1095:(1944)
1071:(1943)
1065:(1943)
1053:(1943)
1026:(1942)
1020:(1942)
1014:(1942)
994:(1945)
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859:(1943)
847:(1942)
832:(1942)
826:(1942)
820:(1942)
814:(1942)
803:Sundas
801:Timor,
309:, the
279:Fakfak
275:Nabire
205:Nabire
189:Fakfak
149:Fakfak
1568:Timor
1278:other
709:(PDF)
333:Notes
283:Ambon
238:Sarmi
226:lakes
197:Seran
193:Ambon
1481:Java
757:2015
684:2015
257:KNIL
236:and
172:Zero
168:Oeta
157:Oeta
61:The
135:to
100:.
1628::
745:.
733:.
720:.
674:.
398:^
386:^
195:,
139:.
1455:e
1448:t
1441:v
788:e
781:t
774:v
759:.
737:.
724:.
711:.
686:.
369:.
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