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1114:) readied the RPG-7. He tried to fire an anti-tank rocket at the car, but the RPG-7 misfired. Ramon shot the chauffeur while Irurzún quickly reloaded the RPG with a new rocket. The second rocket directly hit the sedan. Accounts said that the car's engine kept running after the rocket explosion. Previously, the commando team had considered the possibility that Somoza's vehicle might be equipped with armor panels in front. Worried that it could deflect the rocket projectile, they chose to make a lateral attack on the vehicle. Somoza was killed instantly and burned, along with his new driver, César Gallardo, and Somoza's financial advisor, Colombian citizen Jou Baittiner. Later media reports in Paraguay said that Somoza's body was so unrecognizable that forensics had to identify him through his feet.
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754:, an American citizen and his first cousin. Their wedding was held at the Cathedral in Managua and officiated by Archbishop Jose Antonio Lezcano. Over 4,000 guests attended the ceremony. The reception was given by Somoza's father, President Anastasio Somoza García, in the luxurious and modern Palacio de Comunicaciones.
744:(Nicaragua's national army), by his father. The president had also appointed numerous family members and close personal friends to other important posts in his government. As commander of the Guard, the young Somoza was head of the nation's armed forces, effectively the second-most powerful man in Nicaragua.
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The
Sandinista team had researched and planned their assault over a time period of more than six months. The team studied Somoza's movements via a team member who was staked out at a newspaper kiosk near the estate. The commando team also utilized disinformation tactics to gain access into important
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stating “Since the 1972 earthquake, 28 major audits, two separate congressional staff surveys, and a
General Accounting Office report on reconstruction activities have been completed. We are pleased to note that no diversion or misuse of official U.S. assistance has been revealed by these reports.’’
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purportedly developed a complex, multinational covert action to provide the
Sandinistas with huge quantities of modern armaments. Latell claims Cuban intelligence and paramilitary advisors poured into Nicaragua along with the equipment. He says the evidence indicated that Somoza's assassination was
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Anastasio was elected president in his own right on 5 February 1967 and took office on 1 May, a few weeks after his brother's death. While Luis had ruled more gently than his father, Anastasio shared his father’s cold intolerance of dissent. His rule soon resembled his father’s in all significant
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control of the country as head of the
National Emergency Committee. He reportedly embezzled a large amount of money from funds sent to Nicaragua from around the world to help rebuild Managua. These reports were debunked by the U.S. House subcommittee on International Development March 9, 1978,
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estimated that the Somoza family's fortune amounted to between $ 2 billion and $ 4 billion with its head, Anastasio Somoza
Debayle, owning $ 1 billion. At the time he fled the country, he reportedly personally controlled 22 percent of the agricultural land of Nicaragua.
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On education Somoza in his memoirs states “My dream was to provide a
University equal to any in the world so that those young men and women with special qualifications could achieve educational equivalency with any student in any part of the world".
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when Israel expelled 700,000 Palestinians, Somoza's father provided substantial financial support to Israel. President Carter forced the
Israeli regime to call back a ship carrying weapons vital to the survival of the Somoza regime.
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76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
888:. Somoza and his triumvirate drew up a new constitution that was ratified by the triumvirate and the cabinet on April 3, 1971. He stepped down as president on May 1, 1972. However, as head of the National Guard, he remained the
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of Cuba in April 1961. Jorge
Masetti, a former Argentine guerrilla working with Cuban intelligence services, describes the Somoza assassination and also asserts that Cuba had a direct role in planning it in his memoir,
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Anastasio Somoza and his son were both part owners of
Plasmaferesis. The company collected blood plasma from up to 1,000 of Nicaragua's poorest persons every day for sale in the United States and Europe. According to
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member. One of the team members said: "We cannot tolerate the existence of millionaire playboys while thousands of Latin
Americans are dying of hunger. We are perfectly willing to give up our lives for this cause."
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He was due to leave office in May 1972; at the time, Nicaraguan presidents were barred from immediate re-election. However, prior to that, Somoza worked out an agreement that allowed him to stand for re-election in
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From the age of ten, Tachito was educated in the United States. During this period, their father became president of Nicaragua, and served from 1937 to 1947, and again from 1950 into 1956. He and older brother
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army, which consisted of many ex-members of Somoza's National Guard, would have had to give the impression of having no relation to the old Somoza regime, for purposes of public relations and world opinion.
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similar to other such operations in which Cuban intelligence had been involved. He says that Somoza was a long-time nemesis of Castro after having provided critical support to the U.S. in preparing for the
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and was later appointed as the Sandinista government's Minister of Culture). By the late 1970s, human rights groups were condemning the record of the Somoza government. Support for the
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Somoza also allegedly exported freshly imported emergency blood plasma abroad at the time of the earthquake, when most medical supplies in Nicaragua were desperately in short supply.
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Another is that the blood plasma which arrived at Managua airport for the relief of earthquake victims was promptly re-exported by a Somoza company to the United States.
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sedan, which was believed to be unarmored. Team member Oswaldo, disguised as a paper boy, watched Somoza exit the estate and signaled when he was leaving at 10:10 am.
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1258:, the titular character's final act is a failed attempt at assassinating Somoza by crashing a plane into his bunker, though Somoza himself never appears in the book.
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1028:. He took with him the caskets of his father and brother and, it is claimed, much of Nicaragua's national treasure. The country was left with $ 1.6 billion in
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Two years after his return from West Point, Somoza Debayle had an affair and fathered a daughter, Patricia. She was later sent to a series of schools abroad.
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Little more than a year later, Somoza was assassinated in Asunción on September 17, 1980. He was 54 years old. He was ambushed by a seven-strong Sandinista
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during the holidays instead of returning to Nicaragua. This led to Somoza going on several dates with Andrew Edward's sister and Colbert's mother, Lorna.
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In 1975 Somoza Debayle launched a campaign to crush the Sandinistas; individuals suspected of supporting the Front were targeted. The Front, named after
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79:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
87:
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1157:. According to him, the Sandinistas had won power in July 1979 with the assistance of massive, covert Cuban military aid. Fidel and his brother
657:, he was given both his parents' last names, Somoza being his father's last name and Debayle being his mother's. Debayle was of French origin.
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1217:. The film chronicles journalist Jack Cox's journey to Nicaragua, when Somoza was battling insurgents. The same year, he was depicted in
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1021:, and the United States. It is uncertain where the surviving Somozas live; they changed their names to protect their own lives.
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1032:, the highest in Central America. After Somoza had fled, the Sandinistas found less than $ 2 million in the national treasury.
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Place of the Assembly of Nicaragua, where the National Guard killed more than 1,000 protesters against the election of Somoza
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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At this point, the opposition to the Somozas included not only Sandinistas, but other prominent figures such as publisher
978:(a Nicaraguan rebel leader in the 1920s), began its guerrilla war against the Somozas in 1963. It received funds from the
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withdrew American support for the regime for human rights reasons, including the televised murder of American journalist
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1005:(assassinated on January 10, 1978). Israel was the last nation to supply weapons to the Somoza regime. During the
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488:, Julio Somoza Portocarrero, Carolina Somoza Portocarrero, Carla Somoza Portocarrero, Roberto Somoza Portocarrero
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1186:. But some commentators noted that the exiles in Miami were also relieved at Somoza's death. The newly founded
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1444:"Late-Night Hosts Discuss Strike; Kimmel Talks About Retirement & Colbert's Mom Dated Nicaraguan Dictator"
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904:, “Every morning the homeless, drunks, and poor people went to sell half a liter of blood for 35 (Nicaraguan)
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1128:. (His father, Somoza Garcia, was buried in Nicaragua.) A few months before Somoza's murder, his memoirs,
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Brian Latell, a former US National Intelligence Officer for Latin America and Cuba, argues in his book,
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Carolina Somoza Portocarrero, married to James Minskoff Sterling, son of New York real estate developer
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1265:'s mother briefly dated him. Colbert still has his pants in his house, as mentioned in the podcast
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1103:. They waited in ambush for Somoza in Avenida España. Somoza was often driven about the city in a
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to be president, ending a dynasty that had been in power since 1937. After insurgents led by the
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637:; FSLN) were closing in on Managua in July 1979, Somoza fled Nicaragua. Power was ceded to the
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990:. Support for the Sandinistas ballooned after the earthquake, especially when U.S President
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Some parts of Managua have yet to be rebuilt or restored, including the National Cathedral.
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Somoza attended La Salle with Lt. Andrew Edward Tuck III, uncle of American television host
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876:. He would be replaced as president by a three-man junta consisting of two members of his
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919:, killing about 5,000 people and virtually destroying the city. The government declared
689:. At the age of seven, he was enrolled at the Instituto Pedagógico La Salle, run by the
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On July 17, 1979, Somoza resigned from the presidency and fled to Miami in a converted
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ruler of the country between 1967 and 1979, even during the period when he was not the
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Following their father's assassination on 21 September 1956, Somoza's elder brother,
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in South Florida, who protested the left-wing governments of Nicaragua, led by the
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After his return to Nicaragua, Somoza Debayle was appointed chief of staff of the
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Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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Because of Somoza's status, most of his family members were forced to flee into
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1772:"Cuarenta años del ataque que mató a Somoza y golpeó a dictadura de Stroessner"
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had begun to speak out against his government (one of his fiercest critics was
1511:"1953: Leaders and monarchs from around world to attend Queen's state funeral"
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rocket launcher, with four anti-tank grenades and two rockets. The leader was
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1422:"Why Stephen Colbert has the pants of Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza"
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Denied asylum in the U.S. by President Carter, Somoza later took refuge in
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In July 1977, Somoza had a heart attack, and went to the US to recuperate.
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1398:"Stephen Colbert Tells Absolutely Wild Story About His Mom And A Dictator"
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Of the seven assassins, six escaped. Iruzun was killed in a shootout with
1822:"Paraguay Says a Suspect In Somoza Case Is Slain", by Edward Schumacher,
1063:(four men and three women). The action was known as "Operation Reptile".
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newspaper and one of the most prominent opponents of the Somoza dynasty.
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Somoza was re-elected president in the 1974 election. By this time, the
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Somoza and Hope attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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The Sandinista team were armed with two Soviet-made machine guns, two
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Environmental Justice: Discourses in International Political Economy
1047:, the capital. The president of the Nicaraguan Chamber of Deputies,
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Somoza Debayle passed the examination for West Point, entered the
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Under the Big Stick: Nicaragua and the United States Since 1848
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Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators: From Napoleon to the Present
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from 1967 to 1972 and again from 1974 to 1979. As head of the
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Somoza and the Legacy of U.S. Involvement in Central America.
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Somoza and the Legacy of U.S. Involvement in Central America
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The Somoza legacy: he failed the people he professed to love
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Somoza's funeral attracted numerous wealthy Nicaraguan and
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Caballero Rivero Woodlawn Park North Cemetery and Mausoleum
1364:. Ministerio de Educación. 9 December 2012. Archived from
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residencies under the guise of a famous name, that being
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In the Pirate´s Den: My Life as a Secret Agent for Castro
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Castro's Secrets: The CIA and Cuba's Intelligence Machine
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Sandinista: Carlos Fonseca and the Nicaraguan Revolution
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Condemned to Repetition: The United States and Nicaragua
681:) by his father, was born in 1925 as the third child of
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1953:
Dictators Never Die: Nicaragua and the Somoza Dynasty
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National presidents assassinated in the 20th century
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North American politicians assassinated in the 1980s
2042:. Inter-Hemispheric Education Resource Center, 1990.
1920:
The End And The Beginning: The Nicaraguan Revolution
602:; 5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was the 53rd
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1989:
David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies
1697:John Byrne; Leigh Glover; Cecilia Martinez (2009).
1619:"Inside The City That Is Watched By American Might"
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2005:Leiken, Robert S. (ed.) and Barry M. Rubin (ed.).
1996:Somoza Falling: A Case Study of Washington at Work
1839:(New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2012), pp. 124–125.
697:, who later became a journalist and publisher of
641:. He was assassinated in 1980 while in exile in
1673:The Murals of Revolutionary Nicaragua, 1979-1992
1553:Sovereign Ordonnance n° 4.123 of 23 October 1968
737:on July 3, 1943, and graduated on June 6, 1946.
2096:Somoza's Last Stand: Testimonies from Nicaragua
1971:Comandos: The CIA and Nicaragua's Contra Rebels
204: and the second or maternal family name is
1070:assault rifles, two automatic pistols, and an
677:Somoza Debayle, nicknamed "Tachito" (Spanish:
94:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
2203:
1676:. University of California Press. p. 4.
1390:
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8:
2103:Nicaragua: Living in the Shadow of the Eagle
1985:Blood of Brothers: Life and War in Nicaragua
957:was growing inside and outside the country.
841:respects, with harsh repression of dissent.
673:, where he was a member of the Class of 1946
655:customary in most Spanish-speaking countries
621:Somoza Debayle succeeded his older brother,
2692:Nicaraguan expatriates in the United States
2637:Saint Leo College Preparatory School alumni
949:, a leftist Nicaraguan priest who preached
625:, in office. He was the last member of the
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1896:Alegria, Claribel, and Flakoll, Darwin J.
228:
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106:{{Translated|es|Anastasio Somoza Debayle}}
2081:Somoza, Anastasio (as told to Jack Cox).
1566:"NATIONAL MUTINY IN NICARAGUA; NICARAGUA"
180:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:President of Nicaragua (1967–72, 1974–79)
2712:Assassinated presidents in North America
1207:Somoza was the subject of the 1983 film
635:Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional
143:This article includes a list of general
2056:Pezzullo, Lawrence and Ralph Pezzullo.
1852:(Encounter Books: San Francisco, 2002).
1494:"Miss Somoza Wed to Dr. J. M. Sterling"
1353:
726:, and would stay at the family home in
258:1 December 1974 – 17 July 1979
1703:. Transaction Publishers. p. 43.
1596:. Peter Lang Publishing. p. 284.
2642:United States Military Academy alumni
2597:Nationalist Liberal Party politicians
2582:Nicaraguan people of Galician descent
1929:Booth, John A. and Thomas W. Walker.
1213:, in which he was portrayed by actor
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7:
2602:20th-century presidents of Nicaragua
1180:Sandinista National Liberation Front
1126:Woodlawn Park Cemetery and Mausoleum
750:On 10 December 1950, Somoza married
631:Sandinista National Liberation Front
2667:Assassinated Nicaraguan politicians
2627:People of the Nicaraguan Revolution
2622:Children of presidents of Nicaragua
2587:Nicaraguan people of French descent
1942:Nicaragua: Revolution in the Family
1420:strikeforcefive and stephenathome.
880:and one member from the opposition
599:[anasˈtasjosoˈmosaðeˈβajle]
2697:Nicaraguan expatriates in Paraguay
2007:The Central American Crisis Reader
1084:Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo
149:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2657:Nicaraguan people murdered abroad
2000:University of Massachusetts Press
1966:. Markus Wiener Publishers, 2007.
1290:, with Jack Cox. Belmont, Mass.:
1194:In 1979, the Brazilian newspaper
1121:the day after the assassination.
884:while he retained control of the
669:Somoza Debayle as a cadet at the
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2722:Politicians assassinated in 1980
2505:Junta of National Reconstruction
2226:Presidents and heads of state of
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2038:Norsworthy, Kent and Tom Barry.
1617:Wilson, Brian (12 August 1983).
1471:Somoza, Anastasio and Jack Cox.
1316:
1134:, were published. He blamed the
1110:Once in position, Hugo Irurzún (
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639:Junta of National Reconstruction
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310:1 May 1967 – 1 May 1972
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34:
1778:(in Spanish). 16 September 2020
1442:White, Peter (30 August 2023).
1227:, this time portrayed by actor
1124:Somoza was buried in Miami, at
695:Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal
463:
2062:University of Pittsburgh Press
1730:. Vintage Press. p. 498.
757:The couple had five children:
735:United States Military Academy
671:United States Military Academy
104:You may also add the template
1:
2020:. Federal Research Division,
1931:Understanding Central America
1880:The Christian Science Monitor
1542:. Western Islands. p. 4.
1140:Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero
915:struck the nation's capital,
762:Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero
486:Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero
471:
1082:(code named "Ramon"), an ex-
693:. One of his classmates was
196:, the first or paternal
2662:People murdered in Paraguay
2572:People from León, Nicaragua
1826:, September 19, 1980, p. A4
1138:for his downfall. His son,
778:Roberto Somoza Portocarrero
117:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
2738:
2672:Deaths by explosive device
2612:Opposition to Fidel Castro
2607:Nicaraguan anti-communists
2592:Nicaraguan Roman Catholics
2490:Liberal-Conservative Junta
2163:Liberal-Conservative Junta
2153:Liberal-Conservative Junta
2051:Princeton University Press
2040:Nicaragua: A Country Guide
2018:Nicaragua: A Country Study
1750:Gorriarán Merlo, Enrique.
1362:"Gobernantes de Nicaragua"
1332:National Guard (Nicaragua)
967:
868:, Monaco's highest honor.
852:Somoza with U.S President
364:Liberal-Conservative Junta
352:Lorenzo Guerrero Gutiérrez
283:Liberal-Conservative Junta
191:
68:Machine translation, like
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2176:
2167:
2159:
2149:
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2132:
2127:
2072:Ally Betrayed...Nicaragua
1255:The Captain and the Enemy
1241:, Somoza is portrayed by
1039:, then under the rule of
878:Nationalist Liberal Party
864:bestowed Somoza with the
775:Carla Somoza Portocarrero
766:Julio Somoza Portocarrero
717:La Salle Military Academy
576:
439:Nationalist Liberal Party
415:Manner of death
369:
303:
251:
239:
227:
49:the corresponding article
2682:1980 murders in Paraguay
2495:Anastasio Somoza Debayle
2485:Anastasio Somoza Debayle
2029:Guardians of the Dynasty
1813:, Latin American Studies
1798:"UF Digital Collections"
998:by government soldiers.
911:On 23 December 1972, an
661:Early life and education
222:Anastasio Somoza Debayle
2687:Politicide perpetrators
2617:20th-century memoirists
2460:Anastasio Somoza García
2435:Anastasio Somoza García
2325:Ignacio Chaves Tellería
1590:Frank J. Coppa (2006).
1184:Communist Party of Cuba
1182:, and Cuba, led by the
1094:Somoza family mausoleum
1080:Enrique Gorriarán Merlo
1007:1947–1949 Palestine war
923:, and Somoza took over
683:Anastasio Somoza García
500:Anastasio Somoza García
337:Alfonso Callejas Deshón
164:more precise citations.
115:For more guidance, see
2632:People of the Cold War
2455:Manuel Fernando Zurita
2295:Pedro Joaquín Chamorro
2170:President of Nicaragua
2143:President of Nicaragua
2098:. Red Sea Press, 1990.
1223:, set during the 1979
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1078:Marxist revolutionary
892:ruler of the country.
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634:
604:President of Nicaragua
246:President of Nicaragua
2430:Carlos Alberto Brenes
2400:Carlos José Solórzano
2385:Diego Manuel Chamorro
2118:Duke University Press
2112:Zimmermann, Matilde.
2058:At the Fall of Somoza
1670:David Kunzle (1995).
1337:Nicaraguan Revolution
1225:Nicaraguan Revolution
1142:, went into exile in
1136:Carter administration
1105:Mercedes-Benz S-Class
1093:
976:Augusto César Sandino
970:Nicaraguan Revolution
851:
835:
668:
571:Nicaraguan Revolution
549:Years of service
332:Second Vice President
88:copyright attribution
2425:Juan Bautista Sacasa
2360:José Dolores Estrada
2016:Merrill, Tim (ed.).
1975:Henry Holt & Co.
1962:Diederich, Bernard.
1940:Christian, Shirley.
1882:, September 19, 1980
1863:World Marxist Review
1724:John Pilger (2001).
1378:Diederich, Bernard.
1164:Bay of Pigs Invasion
866:Order of St. Charles
713:St. Leo College Prep
466: 1950;
324:First Vice President
2450:Víctor Manuel Román
2290:José Vicente Cuadra
2245:Francisco Castellón
2022:Library of Congress
1647:Seven Stories Press
1639:Webb, Gary (1999).
1243:Julio Oscar Mechoso
1169:In the Pirate's Den
951:liberation theology
709:Luis Somoza Debayle
623:Luis Somoza Debayle
234:Somoza in July 1968
2702:Burials in Florida
2647:Exiled politicians
2475:Orlando Montenegro
2420:José María Moncada
2395:Bartolomé Martínez
2350:José Santos Zelaya
2255:José María Estrada
2128:Political offices
2101:Walker, Thomas W.
2084:Nicaragua Betrayed
2045:Pastor, Robert A.
2027:Millett, Richard.
1957:Palgrave Macmillan
1951:Crawley, Eduardo.
1824:The New York Times
1623:The Glasgow Herald
1570:The New York Times
1540:Nicaragua betrayed
1473:Nicaragua Betrayed
1449:Deadline Hollywood
1368:on 9 October 2012.
1287:Nicaragua Betrayed
1261:American comedian
1203:In popular culture
1131:Nicaragua Betrayed
1096:
1041:Alfredo Stroessner
862:Prince Rainier III
858:
838:
812:. You can help by
691:Christian Brothers
675:
96:interlanguage link
2652:Nicaraguan exiles
2549:
2548:
2440:Leonardo Argüello
2405:Emiliano Chamorro
2380:Emiliano Chamorro
2370:Juan José Estrada
2186:
2185:
2177:Succeeded by
2150:Succeeded by
1656:978-1-888363-93-7
1268:Strike Force Five
1238:Rules Don't Apply
1119:Paraguayan police
830:
829:
771:Henry H. Minskoff
752:Hope Portocarrero
687:Salvadora Debayle
580:
579:
506:Salvadora Debayle
452:Hope Portocarrero
401:17 September 1980
190:
189:
182:
128:
127:
61:
57:
18:Operation Reptile
16:(Redirected from
2729:
2515:Violeta Chamorro
2500:Francisco Urcuyo
2480:Lorenzo Guerrero
2390:Rosendo Chamorro
2340:Salvador Machado
2224:
2223:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2180:Francisco Urcuyo
2174:1974–1979
2160:Preceded by
2147:1967–1972
2136:Lorenzo Guerrero
2133:Preceded by
2125:
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1484:Diederich, p. 42
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1407:. 31 August 2023
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1326:
1324:Biography portal
1321:
1320:
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1196:Gazeta Mercantil
1112:Capitán Santiago
1049:Francisco Urcuyo
947:Ernesto Cardenal
825:
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804:
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719:on Long Island.
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516:Military service
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328:Francisco Urcuyo
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291:
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151:inline citations
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2525:Enrique Bolaños
2445:Benjamín Lacayo
2410:Sebastián Uriza
2310:Evaristo Carazo
2285:Fernando Guzmán
2231:
2218:
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2165:
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2123:
2094:Towell, Larry.
2089:Western Islands
2087:. Belmont, MA:
1994:Lake, Anthony.
1981:Kinzer, Stephen
1918:Booth, John A.
1913:South End Press
1902:Curbstone Press
1898:Death of Somoza
1892:
1887:
1886:
1874:
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1860:
1856:
1848:Jorge Masetti,
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1500:16 October 1984
1498:New York Times,
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1263:Stephen Colbert
1205:
1057:
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943:Catholic Church
898:El Diario Nuevo
826:
820:
817:
810:needs expansion
795:
724:Stephen Colbert
663:
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2272:
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2267:
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2250:Nazario Escoto
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1215:Lloyd Battista
1210:Last Plane Out
1204:
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1101:Julio Iglesias
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1003:Pedro Chamorro
968:Main article:
965:
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886:National Guard
856:, 2 June 1971.
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1776:La Vanguardia
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1760:950-49-1063-7
1757:
1754:("Memories")
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1642:Dark Alliance
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1625:. p. 4.
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1519:. 2 June 1953
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1342:Somoza Family
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1061:commando team
1055:Assassination
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854:Richard Nixon
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808:This section
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561:Major general
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419:Assassination
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2562:1925 births
2470:René Schick
2465:Luis Somoza
2415:Adolfo Díaz
2375:Adolfo Díaz
2355:José Madriz
2033:Orbis Books
1782:16 December
1523:9 September
1159:Raúl Castro
1151:After Fidel
1076:Argentinian
955:Sandinistas
927:as well as
921:martial law
347:Preceded by
278:Preceded by
162:introducing
2556:Categories
2068:Rees, John
1811:Somoza Car
1348:References
1304:Full text.
1220:Under Fire
913:earthquake
793:Presidency
633:(Spanish:
521:Allegiance
410:, Paraguay
385:1925-12-05
145:references
56:(May 2020)
51:in Spanish
2365:Luis Mena
2229:Nicaragua
1865:, Vol. 22
1427:Instagram
1252:'s novel
1144:Guatemala
1019:Guatemala
902:La Prensa
860:In 1968,
728:Larchmont
700:La Prensa
610:, he was
583:Anastasio
552:1946–1979
533:Nicaragua
306:In office
254:In office
244:53rd
110:talk page
1752:Memorias
1310:See also
1294:(1980).
1171:(2002).
1045:Asunción
1037:Paraguay
1015:Honduras
929:de facto
906:cordobas
890:de facto
821:May 2020
643:Paraguay
612:de facto
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508:(mother)
502:(father)
482:Children
408:Asunción
298:(Acting)
192:In this
86:provide
2120:, 2001.
2109:, 2003.
2091:, 1980.
2078:, 1980.
2070:(ed.).
2064:, 1994.
2053:, 1987.
2035:, 1977.
2024:, 1995.
2013:, 1987.
2002:, 1990.
1991:, 2007.
1977:, 1992.
1959:, 1979.
1948:, 1986.
1937:, 1999.
1926:, 1985.
1915:, 1986.
1904:, 1996.
1475:. p. ix
925:de jure
917:Managua
618:ruler.
616:de jure
587:Tachito
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198:surname
158:improve
108:to the
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1188:Contra
986:under
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446:Spouse
271:Vacant
202:Somoza
147:, but
2335:Junta
2281:Junta
1403:Yahoo
1382:p. 14
1280:Books
1072:RPG-7
1068:AK-47
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70:DeepL
2542:León
2277:and
1784:2020
1756:ISBN
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1577:2019
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984:Cuba
982:and
964:Fall
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