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417:'s positionality in its ecosystem, breakage has typically been mainly observed in the top third of the arm. Since these types of stars spend a majority of their time hidden in crevices, only the tips of their arms suffer the most damage. In many cases, these arms remain functional, however, as the majority of the arm is not exceedingly damaged. Arms that are used for anchorage within crevices are those least likely to be lost as they are not frequently exposed to the dangers of the intertidal. Those that are out, whether it be for feeding or general sweeping, have been noted to be the arms most affected.
33:
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424:. As one arm may be damaged by a predator or ecological force, other arms must take its place as the most frequently used, causing them to suffer more harm than otherwise. Those that dwell in poor habitats are oftentimes more vulnerable to the forces of nature and are subject to consistent damage to their bodies. The average rate of regeneration is about 0.4 mm/day.
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does not lose parts of its arms as rapidly as expected. Arms are important sources of feeding and have been noted to be used as a means of quick predator evasion. Since arms are used for both food capture and locomotion, O. scolopendrina are more hesitant to expose their arms to harmful situations.
293:
These brittle stars are present in crevices and under boulders of intertidal reef platforms in the upper and middle eulittoral. They have also been seen underneath coral rubble. They typically hide amongst concealing vegetation during surface-film feeding. They live primarily in areas with shallow
401:
has the ability to regenerate its arms. Stars may be injured by a variety of means, from general aggression and predation to the intense waves of their ecosystems. To account for this loss, stars regenerate these damaged portions of their arms, investing incredible amounts of energy as a means to
340:
becomes fully exposed and remains attached to the ground by anchoring an arm to a substratum or piece of vegetation. Occasionally, they may also climb vegetation to gain better feeding positionality. The brittle star then utilizes two to four arms to sweep the sea surface, using its arms' ventral
245:
brittle stars, they are known for their unique way of surface-film feeding, using their arms to sweep the sea surface and trap food. Regeneration of their arms are a vital component of their physiology, allowing them to efficiently surface-film feed. These stars also have the ability to reproduce
402:
survive for a longer amount of time. Regeneration, in turn, allows for the recuperation in functionality and strength in that arm. This adaptation has become vital in allowing brittle stars to survive even the harshest of environments.
676:
Chang D (1999) Spawning induction of two brittle stars, Ophiocoma dentata (Muller and
Troschel) and Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). MS thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung,
277:
can reach a length of about 13cm, while the disc diameter can reach up to 25mm. The star's sexes can be identified by checking slits between the arms, which expose the white male spermaries and red female ovaries.
289:
can be found in the Red Sea, the tropical Indo-Pacific region, Taiwan, Eastern Africa, Southeastern
Polynesia, the Marshall Islands, and Madagascar. Their typical density is about 20 individuals per 1 m.
348:
species. During these types of feedings, arms are extended and food is caught from the water column into their mucus-covered spines during this process. This has typically been observed after a high tide.
452:'s hooked terminal spines may be advantageous in remaining attached to the host star, as they are difficult to dislodge. Symbionts typically switch hosts as they become larger, switching between new
819:
Delroisse, Jerome. "Reproductive cycles and recruitment of the two co-existing tropical brittle-stars from the barrier reef of
Toliara (Madagascar), Ophiocoma scolopendrina and Ophiomastix venosa".
322:
changes its location depending on tide positionality. Stars have been observed to be nearly entirely concealed at high tide, and expose themselves progressively as the tide becomes lower.
257:, as other brittle stars, have long, thin arms emanating from a small, disk-shaped body and are about the size of an outstretched human hand. They belong to the phylum of
576:
Soong, K. (1997). "Regeneration and
Potential Functional Differentiation of Arms in the Brittlestar, Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)".
329:
these stars have evolved an adaptation that lets them participate in surface-film feeding during both low and flooding tides. This adaptation allows them to consume
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Ovarian substances have been noted to induce male spawn. Adult female stars each contain an estimated 12 * 10⁵ premature oocytes and it is believed that all adult
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sides to trap suspended objects into mucus-covered spines. The food is then transferred to the mouth once the spines have been cleaned by tube feet.
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Outside of flooding tide, these brittle stars simply participate in microphagous suspension and deposit-feeding, behavior that is common for other
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has been attributed to a variety of influences, including changes in tidal patterns, the presence of predation, and food availability.
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reproduce continuously throughout the year, as once gametes are available in the gonads, allowing them to spawn regardless of season.
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hosts as their size increases. The relationship between these stars has largely been considered a form of brood parasitism, as
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Habitat
Distribution and Comparison of Brittle Star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) Arm Regeneration on Moorea, French Polynesia
988:
975:
953:
901:
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Sbaihat, Majduleen. "Level of Heavy Metals in
Ophoidea (Ophiocoma scolopendrina) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea".
60:
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produce gametes throughout the remainder of their lives. They consistently produce gametes at all studied ages.
510:"Tidal activity pattern and feeding behaviour of the ophiuroid Ophiocoma scolopendrina on a Kenyan reef flat"
241:. They can typically be found within crevices or beneath borders on intertidal reef platforms. Unlike other
32:
273:. Dorsal disc and dorsal arm plates vary from variegated black to pale brown. They are irregularly banded.
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water strictly in the intertidal and are often observed sweeping their arms over sand or coral substrata.
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Chartok, M.A. "Habitat and feeding observations on species of
Ophiocoma (Ophiocomidae) at Enewetak".
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throughout the year, and have been known to have symbiotic relationships with other organisms.
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711:"Presence of spawn-inducing pheromones in two brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)"
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604:"Babysitting Brittle Stars: Heterospecific Symbiosis between Ophiuroids (Echinodermata)"
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have planktonic planktotrophic larvae and have been observed to spawn in large numbers.
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and detrital particles and film that are found suspended on the surface of sea water.
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Hendler, Gordon; Grygier, Mark J.; Maldonado, Elisa; Denton, Jessica (1999).
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Contribution to the study of the development and larval forms of echinoderms
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in the intertidal zone of
Okinawa, Japan. In this region, younger
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have a heterospecific symbiotic relationship with juveniles of
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adults and there is no physical damage to the host organism.
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have been observed to attach to the bursae of the living
237:. Restricted to life in the intertidal, they live in the
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Multiple arm breakages have also been seen to occur in
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764:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
760:"The behaviour of some amphiurid Brittle-Stars"
8:
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847:. eScholarship, University of California.
31:
20:
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397:Similar to other types of brittle stars,
508:Oak, T.; Scheibling, R.E. (2006-03-15).
460:young are, in a sense, cared for by the
352:The unusual feeding pattern observed in
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709:Soong, K; Chang, D; Chao, SM (2005).
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488:. Beijing: Science Press. p. 23.
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486:The Echinoderms of Southern China
405:Compared to other brittle stars,
325:Unlike other brittle star species
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689:Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
59:
715:Marine Ecology Progress Series
393:with arms of different lengths
1:
776:10.1016/0022-0981(75)90014-3
841:Sarah, Chinn (2006-12-01).
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821:Cahiers de Biologie Marine
758:Woodley, J.D. (May 1975).
1242:Animals described in 1816
534:10.1007/s00338-006-0089-6
448:host. It is thought that
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56:Scientific classification
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428:Heterospecific symbiosis
282:Distribution and habitat
981:Ophiocoma_scolopendrina
968:Ophiocoma_scolopendrina
954:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
924:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
903:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
889:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
434:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
391:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
376:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
354:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
312:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
287:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
255:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
223:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
165:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
41:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
25:Ophiocoma scolopendrina
16:Species of brittle star
652:T., Mortensen (1938).
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315:
314:in its natural habitat
1146:Ophiura scolopendrina
870:Ophiuroidea Data Base
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310:
211:Ophiura scolopendrina
147:O. scolopendrina
892:at Wikimedia Commons
658:. Levin Hunksgaard.
608:Invertebrate Biology
438:Ophiomastix annulosa
205:Ophiocoma variabilis
727:2005MEPS..292..195S
526:2006CorRe..25..213O
187:Ophiocoma alternans
736:10.3354/meps292195
578:Zoological Studies
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1093:Open Tree of Life
916:Taxon identifiers
886:Media related to
261:, which includes
230:belonging to the
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199:Ophiocoma molaris
193:Ophiocoma lubrica
189:von Martens, 1870
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422:O. scolopendrina
415:O. scolopendrina
407:O. scolopendrina
399:O. scolopendrina
370:O. scolopendrina
366:O. scolopendrina
338:O. scolopendrina
336:During feeding,
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1106:SeaLifeBase
1041:iNaturalist
948:Wikispecies
802:Micronesica
721:: 195–201.
584:(2): 90–97.
514:Coral Reefs
458:O. annulosa
450:O. annulosa
442:O. annulosa
263:sea urchins
259:echinoderms
250:Description
207:Grube, 1857
201:Lyman, 1862
103:Ophiuroidea
1231:Categories
1161:Q105400635
853:1084702158
827:: 593–603.
808:: 131–149.
614:(2): 190.
468:References
784:0022-0981
745:0171-8630
664:853029125
628:1077-8306
542:0722-4028
346:Ophiocoma
271:sea stars
243:Ophiocoma
141:Species:
134:Ophiocoma
79:Kingdom:
73:Eukaryota
1201:11241075
1155:Wikidata
1059:10887150
939:Q3272487
933:Wikidata
550:36668801
303:Behavior
178:Synonyms
119:Family:
89:Phylum:
83:Animalia
69:Domain:
1188:2275479
1121:6029836
1098:3653670
1072:1365868
1033:2275475
1020:3049590
723:Bibcode
636:3227060
522:Bibcode
331:neuston
298:Feeding
129:Genus:
109:Order:
99:Class:
49:Red Sea
1214:245403
1134:212378
1118:uBio:
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1046:255820
865:Biolib
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677:Taiwan
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548:
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432:Adult
413:Given
269:, and
232:family
1209:WoRMS
1196:IRMNG
1175:6SPHC
1129:WoRMS
1111:86722
1054:IRMNG
1007:74P8G
994:84443
632:JSTOR
546:S2CID
1183:GBIF
1080:OBIS
1067:NCBI
1028:GBIF
989:BOLD
849:OCLC
780:ISSN
741:ISSN
660:OCLC
624:ISSN
538:ISSN
1170:CoL
1015:EoL
1002:CoL
976:AFD
963:ADW
772:doi
731:doi
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616:doi
612:118
530:doi
43:at
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327:,
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