25:
1056:
483:
99:
111:
477:
article and added the eponymous name "Baum's loop," referring to the dorsal bundle. Despite the information being unverified, this name subsequently entered scholarly articles and textbooks and persisted until three radiologists discovered the fabrication in
1866:
513:, and also feedback tracts from the visual cortex to the neurons in the LGN that project to them. The function of the feedback from the visual cortex back to the LGN is unknown. The optic radiation is activated during
312:, which implies that only the respective superior or inferior quadrant of the visual field is affected. If both divisions on one side of the brain are affected, the result is a contralateral homonymous hemianopsia.
517:
tasks. The optic radiations are usually unilateral and commonly vascular in origin. Field defects, therefore, develop abruptly, in contrast to the slow progression of defects associated with tumors.
1859:
1852:
732:"MR Imaging of the Temporal Stem: Anatomic Dissection Tractography of the Uncinate Fasciculus, Inferior Occipitofrontal Fasciculus, and Meyer's Loop of the Optic Radiation"
54:
466:
Taking the shorter path, these fibers are less susceptible to damage. Damage caused is characteristically called "Pie in the floor" defect or inferior quadrantanopia.
354:
Loops from the lateral geniculate body anteriorly (Meyer's loop), then posteriorly, to terminate in the lower bank of the calcarine sulcus, called the lingual gyrus
217:
802:
1486:
1641:
1178:
669:
Wang, Yanming; Wang, Huan; Hu, Sheng; Nguchu, Benedictor
Alexander; Zhang, Du; Chen, Shishuo; Ji, Yang; Qiu, Bensheng; Wang, Xiaoxiao (2024).
1367:
193:
189:
185:
770:
2030:
1362:
2020:
1651:
1646:
1617:
492:. The areas of the visual field lost in each eye are shown as black areas. This visual field defect is characteristic of damage to
76:
1030:
1717:
1534:
224:
1423:
795:
1771:
1350:
2122:
1612:
1541:
1346:
212:
1287:
37:
1323:
1844:
47:
41:
33:
2117:
1389:
1292:
1171:
788:
270:
1384:
1342:
985:
815:
531:
282:
58:
2206:
2025:
1828:
1754:
1603:
1333:
1099:
1091:
2155:
1958:
1749:
1689:
1337:
1312:
955:
870:
2367:
2332:
2224:
2150:
2086:
2064:
1963:
1766:
1529:
1463:
1458:
1440:
1055:
905:
278:
200:
180:
2327:
2248:
2194:
2079:
1514:
1473:
1435:
1418:
1357:
1328:
1164:
357:
Contains input from the inferior retinal quadrants, which represents the superior visual field quadrants
336:
Contains input from the superior retinal quadrants, which represents the inferior visual field quadrants
274:
865:
771:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070512234857/http://www2.umdnj.edu/~neuro/studyaid/Practical2000/Q34.htm
1712:
1707:
1497:
1428:
1258:
1230:
1125:
990:
965:
930:
425:
A lesion in the temporal lobe that results in damage to Meyer's loop causes a characteristic loss of
173:
2342:
2253:
2069:
1818:
1791:
1636:
1504:
1478:
1045:
1035:
895:
890:
855:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
1944:
1795:
1658:
1519:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1156:
925:
900:
880:
409:
1076:
775:
482:
2372:
2162:
2074:
2008:
1939:
1509:
1468:
1225:
1130:
950:
885:
753:
708:
690:
671:"Subâbundle based analysis reveals the role of human optic radiation in visual working memory"
651:
633:
594:
586:
426:
374:
A distinctive feature of the optic radiations is that they split into two parts on each side:
327:
297:
144:
288:
They carry visual information through two divisions (called upper and lower division) to the
2229:
2051:
2015:
1934:
1744:
1627:
1492:
1253:
1140:
1010:
980:
970:
935:
811:
743:
698:
682:
641:
625:
576:
453:
505:
The optic radiation contains feedforward tracts that transmit visual information (from the
2199:
2177:
2145:
2056:
1953:
1925:
1915:
1832:
1783:
1679:
1584:
1579:
1570:
1372:
1145:
1025:
1020:
1005:
920:
840:
308:
only exists in one unilateral division of the optic radiation, the consequence is called
703:
670:
103:
Colour-coded diagram showing radiations in quadrants from retinal disc through the brain
2337:
2302:
2127:
2100:
2044:
1574:
1297:
1248:
1040:
1015:
995:
975:
875:
850:
748:
646:
613:
514:
488:
449:
430:
309:
2361:
2297:
1889:
1876:
1684:
915:
860:
510:
445:
405:
289:
134:
731:
342:
Lesions that involve both cunei cause a lower altitudinal hemianopia (altitudinopia)
2319:
2216:
2137:
2000:
1823:
1731:
1555:
1450:
1379:
1215:
1188:
940:
910:
420:
242:
129:
115:
98:
629:
2270:
2262:
2243:
2186:
2109:
1898:
1880:
1810:
1667:
1594:
1307:
1240:
1200:
1192:
960:
543:
301:
581:
564:
1083:
1000:
945:
830:
168:
110:
694:
637:
590:
205:
2309:
1986:
1107:
845:
780:
757:
712:
655:
598:
1981:
1907:
1663:
1272:
1220:
1135:
835:
473:*Note: In 2009, an anonymous medical doctor edited the "Optic Radiation"
230:
1920:
1699:
363:
Transection of both lingual gyri causes an upper altitudinal hemianopia
686:
530:
Tracts contained within the optic radiation are examined as part of a
1070:
506:
397:
331:
305:
266:
300:. There is one set of upper and lower divisions on each side of the
481:
277:. The optic radiation receives blood through deep branches of the
156:
614:"Corticogeniculate feedback and visual processing in the primate"
262:
1848:
1160:
784:
18:
563:
Knipe, H. C.; Bell, D. J.; Gaillard, F. (2021-02-01).
730:
Kier LE, Staib LH, Davis LM, Bronen RA (1 May 2004).
360:
Transection causes contralateral upper quadrantanopia
339:
Transection causes contralateral lower quadrantanopia
401:(also called "Meyer's loop" or "Archambault's loop")
2318:
2261:
2242:
2215:
2185:
2175:
2136:
2108:
2099:
1999:
1974:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1809:
1782:
1730:
1698:
1626:
1602:
1593:
1563:
1554:
1449:
1306:
1280:
1271:
1239:
1208:
1199:
1118:
1063:
823:
565:"Letter to the editor: the origin of "Baum's loop""
211:
199:
179:
167:
155:
150:
140:
128:
123:
91:
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
509:of the eye) from the geniculate nucleus to the
776:A 3D model of optic tract and optic radiation
1860:
1172:
796:
8:
454:retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule
2258:
2182:
2105:
1903:
1894:
1867:
1853:
1845:
1599:
1560:
1277:
1205:
1179:
1165:
1157:
803:
789:
781:
109:
97:
1618:Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)
747:
702:
645:
612:Briggs, Farran; Usrey, W. Martin (2011).
580:
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
376:
555:
410:inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
228:
88:
7:
1613:Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)
16:Neural pathway in the visual system
326:Projects to the upper bank of the
14:
1652:Parvocellular neurosecretory cell
1647:Magnocellular neurosecretory cell
444:travel straight back through the
1535:Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
1054:
225:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
23:
569:Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
1772:Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
496:on the left side of the brain.
1:
2123:Anterior perforated substance
433:or "pie in the sky" defect.)
1288:Stria medullaris of thalamus
630:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.193599
259:posterior thalamic radiation
1690:Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)
459:Carry information from the
415:Carry information from the
2389:
2118:Anterior olfactory nucleus
1293:Thalamic reticular nucleus
582:10.1007/s00276-020-02587-4
271:lateral geniculate nucleus
1883:and associated structures
1052:
618:The Journal of Physiology
532:cranial nerve examination
283:posterior cerebral artery
223:
108:
96:
2207:Nucleus of diagonal band
1829:Nuclei campi perizonalis
1755:Retinohypothalamic tract
1092:Ascending and Descending
429:in a superior quadrant (
32:This article includes a
2156:Lateral olfactory stria
1750:Medial forebrain bundle
1680:Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)
255:geniculostriate pathway
251:geniculocalcarine tract
118:showing optic radiation
61:more precise citations.
2225:Diagonal band of Broca
2151:Medial olfactory stria
2087:Subthalamic fasciculus
2065:Pallidothalamic tracts
1767:Mammillothalamic tract
1530:Subthalamic fasciculus
1464:Pallidothalamic tracts
1459:Mammillothalamic tract
1441:Interthalamic adhesion
497:
408:by looping around the
404:must pass through the
279:middle cerebral artery
2249:Hippocampal formation
2195:Substantia innominata
2080:Lenticular fasciculus
1794:is diencephalon, but
1515:Dentatothalamic tract
1474:Lenticular fasciculus
1436:Midline nuclear group
521:Clinical significance
485:
456:to the visual cortex.
275:primary visual cortex
1498:Trigeminal lemniscus
1259:Subcommissural organ
1231:Habenular commissure
1126:Accidental viewpoint
348:The lower division:
320:The upper division:
2343:Schaffer collateral
2254:Hippocampus anatomy
2070:Thalamic fasciculus
1819:Subthalamic nucleus
1637:posterior pituitary
1505:Spinothalamic tract
1479:Thalamic fasciculus
1031:Verticalâhorizontal
675:Human Brain Mapping
463:of the visual field
249:(also known as the
2271:Hippocampus proper
1945:Olfactory tubercle
1520:Acoustic radiation
1131:Auditory illusions
926:Impossible trident
498:
34:list of references
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2238:
2237:
2171:
2170:
2163:Olfactory trigone
2095:
2094:
2075:Ansa lenticularis
2009:Centrum semiovale
1995:
1994:
1940:Nucleus accumbens
1842:
1841:
1805:
1804:
1726:
1725:
1550:
1549:
1542:Medullary laminae
1510:Lateral lemniscus
1469:Ansa lenticularis
1267:
1266:
1226:Habenular trigone
1154:
1153:
1146:Temporal illusion
1141:Tactile illusions
1111:(2015 photograph)
812:Optical illusions
687:10.1002/hbm.26800
479:
470:
469:
328:calcarine fissure
298:calcarine fissure
239:
238:
234:
87:
86:
79:
2380:
2259:
2230:Stria terminalis
2183:
2106:
2052:External capsule
2016:Internal capsule
1935:Ventral striatum
1904:
1895:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1745:Stria terminalis
1600:
1561:
1493:Medial lemniscus
1278:
1254:Habenular nuclei
1206:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1058:
1011:Schroeder stairs
986:Peripheral drift
981:Penrose triangle
805:
798:
791:
782:
767:
765:
764:
751:
736:Am J Neuroradiol
717:
716:
706:
666:
660:
659:
649:
609:
603:
602:
584:
560:
472:
440:superior retina*
438:Fibers from the
394:Fibers from the
377:
231:edit on Wikidata
113:
101:
89:
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2347:
2314:
2252:
2247:
2234:
2211:
2200:Nucleus basalis
2178:basal forebrain
2167:
2146:Olfactory tract
2132:
2091:
2057:Extreme capsule
2036:Optic radiation
1991:
1970:
1954:Globus pallidus
1926:Caudate nucleus
1916:Dorsal striatum
1884:
1873:
1843:
1838:
1833:Fields of Forel
1801:
1778:
1722:
1694:
1685:Preoptic (GnRH)
1642:Paraventricular
1622:
1589:
1580:Mammillary body
1571:Median eminence
1546:
1525:Optic radiation
1445:
1373:Pulvinar nuclei
1311:
1302:
1263:
1235:
1195:
1187:Anatomy of the
1185:
1155:
1150:
1114:
1064:Popular culture
1059:
1050:
1021:Spinning dancer
841:Ambiguous image
819:
809:
762:
760:
729:
726:
721:
720:
668:
667:
663:
611:
610:
606:
562:
561:
557:
552:
540:
528:
523:
503:
487:Right superior
475:Knowledge (XXG)
372:
318:
247:optic radiation
235:
192:
188:
162:radiatio optica
119:
104:
92:Optic radiation
83:
72:
66:
63:
52:
38:related reading
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2386:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2338:Perforant path
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2303:Fascia dentata
2295:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2128:Olfactory bulb
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2101:Rhinencephalon
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:Corona radiata
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2031:Posterior limb
2028:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1575:Tuber cinereum
1567:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1340:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1298:Taenia thalami
1295:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1249:Pretectal area
1245:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1103:(1961 drawing)
1096:
1095:(1960 drawing)
1088:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:Shepard tables
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
976:Penrose stairs
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
871:Checker shadow
868:
863:
858:
853:
851:Autostereogram
848:
843:
838:
833:
827:
825:
821:
820:
810:
808:
807:
800:
793:
785:
779:
778:
773:
768:
742:(5): 677â691.
725:
724:External links
722:
719:
718:
661:
604:
554:
553:
551:
548:
547:
546:
539:
536:
527:
524:
522:
519:
515:working memory
502:
499:
489:quadrantanopia
468:
467:
464:
457:
450:occipital lobe
442:
435:
434:
431:quadrantanopia
423:
413:
402:
391:
390:
387:
384:
381:
371:
368:
367:
366:
365:
364:
361:
358:
355:
346:
345:
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
317:
314:
310:quadrantanopia
294:striate cortex
237:
236:
227:
221:
220:
215:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
183:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
121:
120:
114:
106:
105:
102:
94:
93:
85:
84:
42:external links
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2385:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Visual system
2366:
2365:
2363:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2298:Dentate gyrus
2296:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:Anterior limb
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:Basal ganglia
1887:
1882:
1878:
1877:basal ganglia
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
906:Fraser spiral
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
822:
817:
813:
806:
801:
799:
794:
792:
787:
786:
783:
777:
774:
772:
769:
759:
755:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
727:
723:
714:
710:
705:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
665:
662:
657:
653:
648:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
608:
605:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
559:
556:
549:
545:
542:
541:
537:
535:
533:
525:
520:
518:
516:
512:
511:visual cortex
508:
500:
495:
491:
490:
484:
480:
476:
465:
462:
461:Inferior part
458:
455:
451:
447:
446:parietal lobe
443:
441:
437:
436:
432:
428:
424:
422:
418:
417:Superior part
414:
411:
407:
406:temporal lobe
403:
400:
399:
393:
392:
388:
385:
382:
379:
378:
375:
369:
362:
359:
356:
353:
352:
351:
350:
349:
341:
338:
335:
333:
330:, called the
329:
325:
324:
323:
322:
321:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
292:(also called
291:
290:visual cortex
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
232:
226:
222:
219:
216:
214:
210:
207:
204:
202:
198:
195:
191:
187:
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
170:
166:
163:
160:
158:
154:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
135:Visual system
133:
131:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
81:
78:
70:
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
39:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2320:White matter
2217:White matter
2138:White matter
2063:
2035:
2001:White matter
1824:Zona incerta
1798:is glandular
1761:
1739:
1732:White matter
1713:Ventromedial
1676:
1635:
1585:Infundibulum
1556:Hypothalamus
1524:
1485:
1451:White matter
1429:Centromedian
1424:Intralaminar
1415:
1380:Metathalamus
1320:
1216:Pineal gland
1189:diencephalon
1106:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1077:Trompe-l'Ćil
1075:
941:Lilac chaser
911:Gravity hill
761:. Retrieved
739:
735:
678:
674:
664:
624:(1): 33â40.
621:
617:
607:
572:
568:
558:
529:
504:
494:Meyer's loop
493:
486:
474:
471:
460:
439:
421:visual field
416:
395:
373:
347:
319:
296:) along the
293:
287:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:neuroanatomy
240:
194:A14.1.09.547
190:A14.1.09.542
186:A14.1.08.673
161:
116:Tractography
73:
64:
53:Please help
45:
2263:Grey matter
2244:Archicortex
2187:Grey matter
2110:Grey matter
1899:Grey matter
1881:human brain
1811:Subthalamus
1718:Dorsomedial
1668:vasopressin
1595:Grey matter
1308:Grey matter
1241:Grey matter
1201:Epithalamus
1193:human brain
1087:(1864 book)
991:Poggendorff
966:Oppel-Kundt
961:Necker cube
956:MĂŒller-Lyer
931:Irradiation
544:Optic tract
526:Examination
386:Information
151:Identifiers
59:introducing
2362:Categories
1659:Supraoptic
1084:Spectropia
1001:Rubin vase
951:McCollough
946:Mach bands
896:Ehrenstein
891:Ebbinghaus
856:Barberpole
831:Afterimage
763:2007-12-19
575:(2): 307.
550:References
169:NeuroNames
2310:Subiculum
1987:Claustrum
1792:Posterior
1784:Pituitary
1628:Endocrine
1604:Autonomic
1136:Illusions
1108:The dress
1100:Waterfall
901:Flash lag
881:Cornsweet
866:Café wall
846:Ames room
824:Illusions
695:1065-9471
638:0022-3751
591:1279-8517
396:inferior
316:Structure
265:from the
2373:Thalamus
1982:Amygdala
1908:Striatum
1875:Rostral
1796:anterior
1762:efferent
1740:afferent
1664:oxytocin
1416:midline:
1273:Thalamus
1221:Habenula
886:Delboeuf
836:Ambigram
758:15140705
713:39093044
704:11295295
656:20724361
599:32995937
538:See also
501:Function
141:Function
67:May 2015
2333:Fimbria
1921:Putamen
1879:of the
1708:Lateral
1700:Emotion
1564:Surface
1358:Lateral
1329:Ventral
1321:paired:
1281:Surface
1209:Surface
1191:of the
1119:Related
1046:Zöllner
1036:White's
971:Orbison
936:Jastrow
749:7974480
647:3039257
452:in the
448:to the
419:of the
389:Damage
304:. If a
273:to the
269:in the
267:neurons
124:Details
55:improve
2328:Alveus
2176:Other
1677:other:
1405:K cell
1400:M cell
1395:P cell
1313:nuclei
1071:Op art
1026:Ternus
1006:Sander
921:Hering
861:Bezold
756:
746:
711:
701:
693:
681:(11).
654:
644:
636:
597:
589:
507:retina
427:vision
398:retina
380:Source
332:cuneus
306:lesion
261:) are
257:, and
253:, the
245:, the
145:Vision
130:System
1975:Other
1606:zones
1041:Wundt
996:Ponzo
876:Chubb
478:2020.
370:Parts
302:brain
263:axons
229:[
218:61941
157:Latin
40:, or
2026:Genu
1487:PCML
916:Grid
816:list
754:PMID
709:PMID
691:ISSN
652:PMID
634:ISSN
595:PMID
587:ISSN
383:Path
281:and
206:5584
181:TA98
174:1440
2291:CA4
2286:CA3
2281:CA2
2276:CA1
1964:GPi
1959:GPe
1351:VPL
1347:VPM
744:PMC
699:PMC
683:doi
642:PMC
626:doi
622:589
577:doi
241:In
213:FMA
201:TA2
2364::
1419:MD
1390:LG
1385:MG
1368:LP
1363:LD
1343:VP
1338:VL
1334:VA
1324:AN
752:.
740:25
738:.
734:.
707:.
697:.
689:.
679:45
677:.
673:.
650:.
640:.
632:.
620:.
616:.
593:.
585:.
573:43
571:.
567:.
534:.
285:.
44:,
36:,
2251:/
2246::
2067::
1868:e
1861:t
1854:v
1835:)
1831:(
1666:/
1639::
1573:/
1349:/
1345:/
1336:/
1310:/
1180:e
1173:t
1166:v
818:)
814:(
804:e
797:t
790:v
766:.
715:.
685::
658:.
628::
601:.
579::
412:.
233:]
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
