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354:. A lesion in the left optic tract will cause right-sided homonymous hemianopsia, while a lesion in the right optic tract will cause left-sided homonymous hemianopsia. Stroke, congenital defects, tumors, infection, and surgery are all possible causes of optic tract damage. Peripheral prism expanders and vision restitution therapy may be employed in patients with visual field loss resultant of permanent optic tract damage.
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The pupillary light reflex is an autonomic reflex that controls pupil diameter to accommodate for increases in illumination as perceived by the retina. Higher light intensity causes pupil constriction, and the increase of light stimulation of one eye will cause pupillary constriction of both eyes.
255:
The optic tract carries retinal information relating to the whole visual field. Specifically, the left optic tract corresponds to the right visual field, while the right optic tract corresponds to the left visual field. To form the right visual field, temporal retinal fibers from the left eye and
370:
to treat severe epilepsy, the information from one optic tract does not get transmitted to both hemispheres. For instance, a split-brain patient shown an image in the left visual field will be unable to vocally name what has been seen as the speech-control center is in the left hemisphere of the
336:
Similarly to the pupillary light reflex, the pupillary dark reflex is an autonomic reflex that controls pupil diameter to accommodate for decreases in illumination as perceived by the retina. Lower light intensity causes pupil dilation, and the decrease of light stimulation of one eye will cause
310:
Several autonomic ocular motor responses are consensual. The optic tract is primarily responsible for relaying visual information to the LGN, but it is also peripherally responsible for transducing these bilateral autonomic reflexes, including the
379:
Pupillary reflexes, particularly the pupillary light reflex, are a powerful diagnostic tool often employed in clinical and emergency medical practice. A lack of equal consensual pupillary constriction to a light stimulus, especially a
256:
nasal retinal fibers from the right eye form the left optic tract, and to form the left visual field, temporal retinal fibers from the right eye and nasal retinal fibers from the left eye form the right optic tract.
220:
fibers from each eye that corresponds to one half of the visual field. In more specific terms, the optic tract contains fibers from the ipsilateral temporal hemiretina and contralateral nasal hemiretina.
212:
It is composed of two individual tracts, the left optic tract and the right optic tract, each of which conveys visual information exclusive to its respective contralateral half of the
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1186:
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337:
pupillary dilation of both eyes. Similarly, the neural circuitry of the pupillary dark reflex includes the optic tract which joins the optic nerve to the hypothalamus.
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The neural circuitry of the pupillary light reflex includes the optic tract which joins the optic nerve to the brachium of the
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Lesions in the optic tract correspond to visual field loss on the left or right half of the vertical midline, also known as
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2167:
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1944:
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782:
Kolb H, Fernandez E, and Nelson R. (2007). Gross
Anatomy of the Eye. The Organization of the Retina and Visual System.
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384:, can be indicative of optic nerve damage, brainstem death, or optic tract damage in between.
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Dragoi V. (1997). Chapter 7: Ocular Motor System. Neuroscience Online. Retrieved from:
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573:
Cerebral peduncle, optic chasm, cerebral aqueduct. Inferior view. Deep dissection.
561:
Cerebral peduncle, optic chasm, cerebral aqueduct. Inferior view. Deep dissection.
105:
80:
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1998:
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1969:
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2003:
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853:
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699:
216:. Each of these tracts is derived from a combination of temporal and nasal
736:
Chudler E. (2011). Visual
Pathway. Neuroscience for Kids. Retrieved from:
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2013:
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Coronal section of brain through intermediate mass of third ventricle.
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http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430336/optic-tract
413:
Schematic diagram of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus.
501:
Dissection showing the course of the cerebrospinal fibers.
701:
Gray's
Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice
489:
Section of brain showing upper surface of temporal lobe.
771:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/o/optic_nerve.htm
684:
Optic tract. Encyclopædia
Britannica. Retrieved from:
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Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
135:
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62:
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21:
738:http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/vispath.html
234:The optic tract receives arterial supply from the
751:http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter15.html
549:Cerebrum. Deep dissection. Inferior dissection.
2418:
1180:
804:
16:Neural pathway within the human visual system
8:
769:Optic nerve. Science Daily. Retrieved from:
449:Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.
3108:
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461:Scheme showing central connections of the
27:
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633:Cerebrum. Inferior view.Deep dissection
621:Cerebrum. Inferior view.Deep dissection
609:Cerebrum.Inferior view.Deep dissection.
597:Cerebrum.Inferior view.Deep dissection.
585:Cerebrum.Inferior view.Deep dissection.
391:
152:
18:
1405:Somatosensory system (sense of touch)
7:
1390:Vestibular system (sense of balance)
1385:Auditory system (sense of hearing)
14:
1400:Gustatory system (sense of taste)
1395:Olfactory system (sense of smell)
193:that relays information from the
1652:Infrared sensing in vampire bats
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149:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
1380:Visual system (sense of vision)
366:patients who have undergone a
240:posterior communicating artery
189:. It is a continuation of the
1:
3305:Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
1522:Auditory perception (hearing)
513:Human brainstem anterior view
2168:Olfactory reference syndrome
1945:Alice in Wonderland syndrome
3084:Inferior salivatory nucleus
2367:Sensory processing disorder
1537:Gustation (taste or flavor)
1527:Equilibrioception (balance)
704:(42th ed.). New York:
525:Optic tract and optic nerve
315:and pupillary dark reflex.
3424:
2528:lateral geniculate nucleus
2489:anterior olfactory nucleus
2321:Supernumerary phantom limb
1657:Infrared sensing in snakes
1517:Visual perception (vision)
199:lateral geniculate nucleus
3208:Superior cervical cardiac
2901:Superior salivary nucleus
2654:spinal trigeminal nucleus
2072:Microwave auditory effect
1239:Transduction (physiology)
1060:
740:(accessed July 28, 2014).
698:Standring, Susan (2020).
236:anterior choroidal artery
147:
26:
3341:spinal accessory nucleus
2781:pterygopalatine ganglion
2572:Edinger–Westphal nucleus
2077:Music-specific disorders
1433:Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
1100:Ascending and Descending
2723:no significant branches
2625:no significant branches
2465:no significant branches
2057:Auditory verbal agnosia
1911:Juxtacapillary receptor
773:(accessed Nov 2, 2013).
760:(accessed Nov 2, 2013).
688:(accessed Nov 1, 2013).
268:Temporal Retinal Fibers
3043:Stylopharyngeal branch
2803:submandibular ganglion
2788:Nerve to the stapedius
2052:Auditory hallucination
1662:Surface wave detection
1267:Multimodal integration
401:Diagram of hippocampus
352:homonymous hemianopsia
341:Damage and pathologies
319:Pupillary light reflex
313:pupillary light reflex
2311:Phantom limb syndrome
2259:Tactile hallucination
1448:Glossopharyngeal (IX)
1249:Active sensory system
332:Pupillary dark reflex
271:Nasal Retinal Fibers
37:and the optic tracts.
2891:Facial motor nucleus
2587:parasympathetic root
2120:Labyrinthine fistula
2087:Spatial hearing loss
1786:Campaniform sensilla
1501:Somatosensory cortex
1134:Accidental viewpoint
3203:Recurrent laryngeal
3048:Pharyngeal branches
2826:Posterior auricular
2674:trigeminal ganglion
1906:Nociceptin receptor
1776:Merkel nerve ending
1761:Mechanotransduction
1039:Vertical–horizontal
326:superior colliculus
207:superior colliculus
197:to the ipsilateral
181:) is a part of the
3186:Superior laryngeal
3053:Tonsillar branches
2751:Intermediate nerve
2567:oculomotor nucleus
2268:Nociception (pain)
1860:Olfactory receptor
1812:Photoreceptor cell
1766:Lamellar corpuscle
1690:Photomorphogenesis
1552:nociception (pain)
1244:Sensory processing
1139:Auditory illusions
934:Impossible trident
756:2014-04-09 at the
375:Pupillary reflexes
368:corpus callosotomy
306:Autonomic function
3390:
3389:
3318:
3317:
3284:Posterior gastric
3179:pharyngeal plexus
3174:Pharyngeal branch
3097:
3096:
2961:Scarpa's ganglion
2949:lateral lemniscus
2944:striae medullares
2927:vestibular nuclei
2915:Vestibulocochlear
2909:
2908:
2400:
2399:
2385:Biases and errors
2380:
2379:
2316:Somatoparaphrenia
2285:Pain dissociation
2130:Ménière's disease
2062:Cortical deafness
1940:Visual impairment
1919:
1918:
1781:Bulbous corpuscle
1771:Tactile corpuscle
1739:sensory receptors
1731:
1730:
1614:
1613:
1567:
1566:
1532:Olfaction (smell)
1486:Vestibular cortex
1468:Cerebral cortices
1305:
1304:
1292:Motion perception
1162:
1161:
1154:Temporal illusion
1149:Tactile illusions
1119:(2015 photograph)
820:Optical illusions
715:978-0-7020-7707-4
661:Bistratified cell
465:and optic tracts.
388:Additional images
382:Marcus Gunn pupil
303:
302:
163:
162:
158:
3415:
3336:nucleus ambiguus
3310:Solitary nucleus
3300:Nucleus ambiguus
3279:Anterior gastric
3226:Inferior cardiac
3156:Auricular branch
3151:Meningeal branch
3109:
3089:Solitary nucleus
3079:Nucleus ambiguus
3058:Lingual branches
2979:
2973:Glossopharyngeal
2896:Solitary nucleus
2776:Greater petrosal
2741:
2591:ciliary ganglion
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2047:Auditory agnosia
1979:Optic neuropathy
1928:
1796:Stretch receptor
1744:
1642:Magnetoreception
1637:Electroreception
1625:
1547:mechanoreception
1496:Gustatory cortex
1491:Olfactory cortex
1325:
1316:
1234:Sensory receptor
1217:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1066:
1019:Schroeder stairs
994:Peripheral drift
989:Penrose triangle
813:
806:
799:
790:
783:
780:
774:
767:
761:
747:
741:
734:
728:
727:
695:
689:
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651:Ophthalmic nerve
630:
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522:
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259:
203:pretectal nuclei
155:edit on Wikidata
31:
19:
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3386:
3357:
3314:
3288:
3250:
3212:
3160:
3136:
3093:
3067:
3031:lesser petrosal
3026:tympanic plexus
3006:
2967:
2932:cochlear nuclei
2905:
2879:
2817:
2809:
2766:
2760:
2729:
2700:
2631:
2602:
2549:
2510:
2504:olfactory tract
2471:
2437:
2431:
2401:
2396:
2376:
2325:
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2215:
2182:
2134:
2096:
2028:
2019:Stereoblindness
1960:Color blindness
1915:
1892:
1869:
1841:
1800:
1748:Mechanoreceptor
1737:
1727:
1723:Machine hearing
1718:Computer vision
1713:Robotic sensing
1699:
1676:
1610:
1563:
1505:
1481:Auditory cortex
1462:
1409:
1372:Sensory systems
1366:
1301:
1253:
1211:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1163:
1158:
1122:
1072:Popular culture
1067:
1058:
1029:Spinning dancer
849:Ambiguous image
827:
817:
787:
786:
781:
777:
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764:
758:Wayback Machine
748:
744:
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731:
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708:. p. 420.
697:
696:
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666:Optic radiation
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321:
308:
253:
251:Visual function
248:
232:
230:Arterial supply
227:
179:tractus opticus
159:
69:tractus opticus
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3002:
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2976:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2939:Cochlear nerve
2936:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2920:
2918:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2848:Parotid plexus
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2793:Chorda tympani
2790:
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2783:
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2758:
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2560:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2521:
2519:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2499:olfactory bulb
2493:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2480:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2448:
2446:
2439:
2438:
2435:cranial nerves
2432:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2299:Proprioception
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1875:Thermoreceptor
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1855:Taste receptor
1851:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1581:Proprioception
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1453:Trigeminal (V)
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1329:Sensory organs
1322:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1204:
1203:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1111:(1961 drawing)
1104:
1103:(1960 drawing)
1096:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:Shepard tables
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
984:Penrose stairs
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
879:Checker shadow
876:
871:
866:
861:
859:Autostereogram
856:
851:
846:
841:
835:
833:
829:
828:
818:
816:
815:
808:
801:
793:
785:
784:
775:
762:
742:
729:
714:
690:
676:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
663:
658:
654:
648:
640:
637:
636:
635:
632:
625:
623:
620:
613:
611:
608:
601:
599:
596:
589:
587:
584:
577:
575:
572:
565:
563:
560:
553:
551:
548:
541:
539:
536:
529:
527:
524:
517:
515:
512:
505:
503:
500:
493:
491:
488:
481:
479:
477:Base of brain.
476:
469:
467:
460:
453:
451:
448:
441:
439:
436:
429:
427:
424:
417:
415:
412:
405:
403:
400:
393:
389:
386:
376:
373:
359:
356:
347:
344:
342:
339:
333:
330:
320:
317:
307:
304:
301:
300:
297:
294:
291:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
273:
272:
269:
266:
263:
252:
249:
247:
244:
231:
228:
226:
223:
161:
160:
151:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
103:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3420:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3403:Visual system
3401:
3400:
3398:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:Vagal trunks
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3143:jugular fossa
3139:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3114:jugular fossa
3110:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3063:Carotid sinus
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3036:otic ganglion
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3013:jugular fossa
3009:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2984:jugular fossa
2980:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:lingual nerve
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:septal nuclei
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:Hallucination
2355:
2353:
2352:Derealization
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:Asomatognosia
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Hyperesthesia
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Astereognosis
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Labyrinthitis
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1847:Chemoreceptor
1844:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:Photoreceptor
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:Slit sensilla
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1734:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1606:Visceral pain
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1558:
1557:thermoception
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:Visual cortex
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Olfactory (I)
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1420:spinal nerves
1417:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Consciousness
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
914:Fraser spiral
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
830:
825:
821:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
795:
794:
791:
779:
776:
772:
766:
763:
759:
755:
752:
746:
743:
739:
733:
730:
725:
721:
717:
711:
707:
703:
702:
694:
691:
687:
681:
678:
671:
667:
664:
662:
659:
652:
649:
646:
643:
642:
638:
629:
624:
617:
612:
605:
600:
593:
588:
581:
576:
569:
564:
557:
552:
545:
540:
533:
528:
521:
516:
509:
504:
497:
492:
485:
480:
473:
468:
464:
457:
452:
445:
440:
433:
428:
421:
416:
409:
404:
397:
392:
387:
385:
383:
374:
372:
369:
365:
357:
355:
353:
345:
340:
338:
331:
329:
327:
318:
316:
314:
305:
298:
295:
292:
289:
288:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
270:
267:
264:
261:
260:
257:
250:
245:
243:
241:
237:
229:
224:
222:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:visual system
180:
176:
172:
168:
156:
150:
146:
143:
140:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:
122:
119:
116:
114:
110:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
70:
67:
65:
61:
56:
53:
52:Visual system
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
25:
20:
2816:stylomastoid
2768:facial canal
2722:
2624:
2542:
2538:optic chiasm
2464:
2290:Phantom pain
2275:Hyperalgesia
2249:Hypoesthesia
2067:Hearing loss
1888:TRP channels
1865:Osmoreceptor
1832:Photopigment
1756:Baroreceptor
1695:Gravitropism
1667:Frog hearing
1647:Echolocation
1443:Facial (VII)
1114:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1085:Trompe-l'Ĺ“il
1083:
949:Lilac chaser
919:Gravity hill
778:
765:
745:
732:
700:
693:
680:
463:optic nerves
378:
361:
349:
335:
322:
309:
265:Visual Field
254:
233:
214:visual field
211:
195:optic chiasm
178:
170:
167:neuroanatomy
164:
118:A14.1.08.404
106:birnlex_1684
68:
3363:Hypoglossal
2744:Near origin
2543:optic tract
2372:Synesthesia
2280:Hypoalgesia
2254:Paresthesia
2239:Formication
2234:CMT disease
2201:Hypergeusia
2024:Visual snow
1999:Photophobia
1994:Papilledema
1984:Oscillopsia
1970:Hemeralopia
1837:Aureochrome
1672:Toad vision
1596:Suffocation
1510:Perceptions
1095:(1864 book)
999:Poggendorff
974:Oppel-Kundt
969:Necker cube
964:MĂĽller-Lyer
939:Irradiation
645:Optic nerve
537:Optic tract
364:split-brain
362:In certain
358:Split-brain
262:Optic Tract
191:optic nerve
171:optic tract
58:Identifiers
35:optic nerve
22:Optic tract
3397:Categories
2956:Vestibular
2868:mandibular
2841:stylohyoid
2831:Suprahyoid
2756:Geniculate
2694:mandibular
2684:ophthalmic
2637:Trigeminal
2555:Oculomotor
2392:Pareidolia
2347:Allochiria
2330:Multimodal
2211:Parageusia
2206:Hypogeusia
2178:Phantosmia
2158:Hyperosmia
2102:Vestibular
2082:Palinopsia
2042:Amblyaudia
1989:Palinopsia
1974:Nyctalopia
1898:Nociceptor
1705:Artificial
1428:Optic (II)
1259:Perception
1208:Processes
1200:perception
1092:Spectropia
1009:Rubin vase
959:McCollough
954:Mach bands
904:Ehrenstein
899:Ebbinghaus
864:Barberpole
839:Afterimage
724:1201341621
672:References
173:(from
88:NeuroNames
3376:Branches
3324:Accessory
3244:posterior
3231:Pulmonary
2917:(CN VIII)
2858:zygomatic
2836:digastric
2719:Branches
2689:maxillary
2680:Branches
2621:Branches
2608:Trochlear
2578:Branches
2477:Olfactory
2188:Gustatory
2140:Olfactory
2004:Photopsia
1950:Amaurosis
1924:Disorders
1817:Cone cell
1736:Types of
1347:Inner ear
1282:Cognition
1272:Awareness
1221:Sensation
1196:Sensation
1144:Illusions
1116:The dress
1108:Waterfall
909:Flash lag
889:Cornsweet
874:Café wall
854:Ames room
832:Illusions
33:The left
3408:Cerebrum
3365:(CN XII)
3239:anterior
3196:internal
3191:external
3130:inferior
3125:superior
3121:Ganglia
3021:Tympanic
3000:inferior
2995:superior
2991:Ganglia
2873:cervical
2853:temporal
2737:(CN VII)
2706:Abducens
2596:inferior
2582:superior
2557:(CN III)
2443:Terminal
2173:Parosmia
2163:Hyposmia
2153:Dysosmia
2092:Tinnitus
2034:Auditory
2009:Polyopia
1965:Diplopia
1822:Rod cell
1620:Nonhuman
1573:Internal
1414:Sensory
1320:External
1229:Stimulus
1212:concepts
894:Delboeuf
844:Ambigram
754:Archived
706:Elsevier
639:See also
246:Function
100:NeuroLex
3380:lingual
3372:Nucleus
3348:Cranial
3332:Nuclei
3326:(CN XI)
3274:Hepatic
3256:Abdomen
3112:Before
2982:Before
2975:(CN IX)
2923:Nuclei
2818:foramen
2715:Nucleus
2708:(CN VI)
2670:Course
2645:Nuclei
2617:Nucleus
2610:(CN IV)
2563:Nuclei
2534:Course
2524:Nuclei
2518:(CN II)
2495:Course
2485:Nuclei
2461:Course
2451:Nuclei
2342:Agnosia
2221:Tactile
2196:Ageusia
2148:Anosmia
2110:Vertigo
2014:Scotoma
1955:Anopsia
1416:cranial
1287:Feeling
1127:Related
1054:Zöllner
1044:White's
979:Orbison
944:Jastrow
647:(CN II)
371:brain.
346:Lesions
225:Anatomy
218:retinal
201:(LGN),
185:in the
81:D065866
48:Part of
43:Details
3353:Spinal
3293:Nuclei
3264:Celiac
3218:Thorax
3141:After
3105:(CN X)
3072:Nuclei
3011:After
2884:Nuclei
2863:buccal
2765:Inside
2735:Facial
2639:(CN V)
2479:(CN I)
2445:(CN 0)
1932:Visual
1883:Cilium
1629:Animal
1601:Nausea
1591:Thirst
1586:Hunger
1458:Spinal
1297:Qualia
1079:Op art
1034:Ternus
1014:Sander
929:Hering
869:Bezold
722:
712:
285:Right
238:, and
205:, and
169:, the
3269:Renal
3103:Vagus
2516:Optic
1827:ipRGC
1682:Plant
1542:Touch
1357:Mouth
1311:Human
1049:Wundt
1004:Ponzo
884:Chubb
653:(CN V
299:Left
296:Right
290:Right
279:Right
187:brain
177:
175:Latin
153:[
142:62046
64:Latin
3166:Neck
2433:The
2362:HSAN
2337:Aura
2115:BPPV
1972:and
1418:and
1362:Skin
1352:Nose
1342:Ears
1337:Eyes
1210:and
1198:and
924:Grid
824:list
720:OCLC
710:ISBN
293:Left
282:Left
276:Left
130:5669
113:TA98
76:MeSH
2814:At
2664:TMN
2649:PSN
2589:of
165:In
137:FMA
125:TA2
93:460
3399::
2659:MN
718:.
328:.
242:.
209:.
102:ID
2426:e
2419:t
2412:v
1188:e
1181:t
1174:v
826:)
822:(
812:e
805:t
798:v
726:.
657:)
655:1
157:]
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