267:
29:
420:
142:
district, and sometimes including lodges from outside
Northern Ireland. This is particularly the case with the Belfast district, whose parade commonly features several Scottish lodges and often some from other countries. In most districts, the parade's location varies from year to year, rotating through suitable towns. Belfast is an exception; it has kept more or less the same route for many decades. The only major parade after the Twelfth is on the last Sunday in October, when lodges celebrate
118:
536:—but apart from one-off anniversaries such as centenaries, that tends to be the limit of such activity. This is in stark contrast to Orange Walks which—in some areas of Glasgow—can be seen and heard almost every day during parts of the summer months. Consequently, and also due to disproportionate costs, initiatives have been introduced to the Glasgow City Council to restrict the number of marches.
193:
314:
342:, many marchers were verbally abused, had objects thrown at them, and were involved in abusing onlookers, something walkers following the march still do today. The marching season requires a significant police presence to avert violence. In the early 1970s, parading was banned on several occasions, although never on 12 July.
242:) bearing the number of their lodge, and often badges showing degrees awarded within the institution, and positions held in the lodge. Some lodge officers also wear elaborate cuffs, and many walkers wear white gloves, although has become less common. Most lodges carry at least one flag, most commonly the
539:
This disconnect between the frequency of Orange walks and wider societal norms has caused the walks to be more broadly criticised as incitements to hatred and violence. The Grand Orange Lodge of
Scotland has supported police moves to fine spectators for sectarian activity. Grand Master Ian Wilson has
399:
They have also argued that they have a fundamental "right to march"—that any group should be able to walk down "the Queen's highway" without interference. In practice, however, the Order has tended to oppose marches by republicans and other "disloyal" groups on the grounds that there is no right to
524:
In 2003, a survey of 1,029 Scottish people revealed that 53% were either in favour or strongly in favour of banning Orange Walks, and 24% opposed banning them. Of these respondents, Catholics were more likely than
Protestants to say that Orange Walks should be banned (66% and 39%, respectively).
141:
as well as the Orange Order. The Orange Order is arguably the most active marching group. Typically, each Orange Lodge holds its own march at some time before 12 July, accompanied by at least one marching band. On 12 July each district holds a larger parade consisting of all the lodges in that
304:
in
Belfast, although the number of "Shankill Road" bands suggest that many of their members must also be from elsewhere. In 1985, concerned that some bands' behaviour was bringing the Order into disrepute, the Grand Orange Lodge instituted a system of contracts requiring bands to behave
337:
and triumphalist; and from the general public, due to inconvenience and controversies associated with them. Although many nationalists find the parades offensive, conflict usually arises only when a walk passes through or near a
Catholic-dominated area. During
291:
Typically, there is one band per lodge. Some bands have formal connections with the lodge, but in most cases it is simply hired for the day. Bands and lodges pair up by word of mouth, through the band or lodge advertising in
Protestant publications such as the
216:
In recent decades, it has become much more common for members of ladies' lodges to walk, although men still greatly outnumber them in most parades. Larger walks, especially on the
Twelfth, may be headed by a figure on a white horse dressed as
547:
at the turn of the 20th century. The
Kalgoorlie and Boulder marches in the 1890s and 1900s attracted conflict between Catholics and Protestant marchers. An increase in membership in recent years has seen a revival of the
357:
to allow the
Portadown lodge through the Catholic Garvaghy Road during their annual celebrations in early July. The conflict led to severe rioting in the late 1990s, but the area has been relatively calm in recent years.
212:
bands. Participants range from as few as one lodge, up to dozens of lodges for major events such as the
Twelfth. Elderly or infirm lodge members often travel the parade route in vehicles such as black taxis.
237:
Parading Orangemen usually wear dark suits. Some Orangemen wear bowler hats and walk with umbrellas, although it is not mandatory. Walkers wear V-shaped orange collarettes (often inaccurately referred to as
410:
In a 2011 survey of Orangemen throughout Northern Ireland, 58% said they should be allowed to march through nationalist areas with no restrictions, and 20% said they should negotiate with residents first.
262:
with the lodge's name and number, and usually depicting William of Orange on at least one side. Other popular banner subjects include deceased lodge members, local landmarks, and the Bible with a Crown.
1308:
579:. Toronto's Orange Parade has been held annually since 1821, but its turnout has dwindled in recent decades. Some parades continue to be held in other parts of Canada. Orange walks have occurred in
790:
266:
907:
305:
appropriately. According to writer and former Orangeman Brian Kennaway, the contracts have been largely ineffective, mostly because of the Order's reluctance to enforce them.
296:, or as a result of a lodge member hearing the recordings many bands produce. Most bands have a strongly Protestant ethos and display bannerettes and flags associated with
808:
221:. A few parades include others in historical fancy dress; or, more rarely, a float, such as that constructed for the 1990 Twelfth celebrations to represent the
1343:
672:
385:
The parades are not sectarian, and that any sectarian activity or violence is perpetuated by outsiders and "hangers-on" over whom the Order has no control
470:. Within County Donegal, several small Orange walks take place each year in East Donegal, while the main walk within the county takes place each year at
744:
743:'Future policy on processions etc., First Report of the Joint Working Party on Processions etc. (Final Draft)', December 1970, p. 9, HA/32/2/39,
1077:
876:
374:
That they cause serious inconvenience to residents, as roads must be closed and, in particularly contentious areas, access to the roads denied
345:
Currently, of the more than 2000 annual parades in Northern Ireland, only a handful are considered majorly contentious. The best known is the
787:
28:
109:
and triumphalist. They have also drawn criticism in recent years from other religious communities, left-wing groups, and trade unions.
1232:
892:
626:
528:
It is accepted that events such as national days are marked by parades by other organisations, religious and otherwise, such as the
652:
490:, a unionist group inspired by the Orange Order, was scheduled to be held in Dublin in 2006; however, the march was canceled when
1104:
805:
378:
One observer has argued that the Orange Institution and its demonstrations deny Nationalists and Catholics their human rights.
1001:
1338:
572:
1204:
699:
Helen Robinson, 'Remembering War in the Midst of Conflict: First World War Commemorations in the Northern Irish Troubles',
20:
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259:
130:
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That when they go through majority- or traditionally-Catholic areas, they are particularly insulting and triumphalist
353:
has a history of parading disputes going back to the 19th century. The current dispute centres on the refusal of the
486:
features a small scale peaceful march. Another small scale march occurs annually at Killeevan. A march organised by
1052:
388:
That inconvenience is caused mostly by the need for police to protect marchers from the violence of their opponents
165:, most of these parades have evolved into the "mini Twelfth", and have little obvious connection with World War I.
568:
540:
said: "All the effort that has gone into defending our interests can be destroyed by the stupidity of the few".
133:" generally refers to the months April to August in Northern Ireland and includes marches by groups such as the
877:
https://www.donegallive.ie/video/home/430727/feeder-parade-halts-traffic-on-main-letterkenny-to-derry-road.html
444:
300:, and in some cases, paramilitary groups. Many are associated with or named after Protestant areas such as the
134:
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138:
67:
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79:
63:
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Throughout the history of the Orange Order, Orange walks have faced opposition, both from Catholics and
200:
All Orange walks include at least one lodge, with officers. The lodge is almost always accompanied by a
403:
The Order has a policy of non-negotiation with residents' groups, as it believes they are dominated by
563:
In Canada, Orange Walks on 12 July were once large public occasions, particularly in the provinces of
436:
102:
940:
153:. Marches in Northern Ireland on and around 1 July originally commemorated the participation of the
117:
1026:
576:
440:
392:
361:
Parade opponents in Drumcree and elsewhere have put forward several arguments against the parades:
158:
150:
87:
83:
33:
893:
https://www.donegaldaily.com/2021/06/02/doubts-over-donegal-twelfth-but-local-parades-get-go-ahead
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322:
98:
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Mulholland P. (1999) Drumcree: A Struggle for Recognition. Irish Journal of Sociology Vol. 9
533:
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71:
41:
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There are still a few explicitly commemorative parades. Reformation Day parades honour
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Some walks commemorate historic events. Most notably, 12 July marches observe the
1002:"Thousands to take part in city's biggest Orange parade of the year this weekend"
848:
1053:"Ayrshire orange walk route disclosed as more than 3000 expected to march today"
832:
600:
557:
506:
487:
471:
205:
75:
37:
275:
243:
177:
979:
919:
673:"'Don't pass Catholic churches': protests as Glasgow braces for Orange walks"
627:"Protests to be held at Catholic churches in Glasgow during the Orange Walk"
580:
544:
350:
334:
209:
173:
122:
1236:
837:
https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0618/1056025-orangemen-march-in-donegal/
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553:
510:
498:
827:
Archives: War and Conflict – Orange Parade Rossnowlagh, 1984. Report by
552:
in Australia, and an annual Twelfth of July parade is currently held in
443:
have dwindled in number, due to local antagonism and the decline of the
564:
502:
432:
424:
908:"Welcome to Drum – the only Protestant village in Republic of Ireland"
869:
Feeder Orange Parade halts traffic on main Letterkenny to Derry road (
560:, walks continued until at least the 1920s, but no longer take place.
270:
The "Red Hand Defenders" flute band marching with the Orange Order in
192:
1105:"Orange Walk in West Lothian resulting in road closures this weekend"
1078:"Orange Order parades to take place across Renfrewshire this weekend"
1039:
Police said the marches in Glasgow and Lanarkshire passed peacefully.
529:
479:
463:
448:
391:
That the disputes are not actually about parading, but are a way for
1233:"Official Loyal Orange Institution of South Australia Facebook Page"
824:
313:
93:
Orange walks are considered controversial and face opposition from
1251:
The Faithful Tribe: An Intimate Portrait of the Loyal Institutions
653:"James Dornan: It's time to finally deal with bigotry in Scotland"
312:
116:
27:
239:
887:
Doubts over 'Donegal Twelfth', but local parades get go-ahead (
601:"Police call for action on sectarianism ahead of Orange walks"
1295:
Toronto's 194rd Annual Orange Parade Saturday July 12th, 2014
1282:
1132:. NFO Social Research for Glasgow City Council. January 2003
727:"Calls for Orange walks to be rerouted after priest attack"
815:. UTV News. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
381:
The Orange Order and its supporters have countered that:
454:
The only remaining walks in the Republic take place in
1152:"Orange parades to be limited in Glasgow city centre"
368:
That they celebrate the defeat of Irish Catholicism
1265:"Toronto's Orange parade marches through history"
407:and do not represent residents' actual opinions.
365:That they are sectarian regardless of their route
274:on 12 July 2010. The flags being carried are the
1205:"Warning to bigots over Orange Walk behaviour"
849:"Sun shines for Orange Order's Donegal parade"
758:"CAIN: Issues: Parades: Drumcree developments"
204:, often a flute band, but also fife and drum,
620:
618:
482:, also in East Donegal. The annual picnic in
8:
1307:Administrator, liverpoolecho (11 May 2008).
184:that brought about the Protestant churches.
55:, are a series of parades by members of the
478:'demonstration' takes place each August in
66:, held during the summer months in various
1309:"Orange Order's Capital of Culture parade"
321:supporting the Portadown Orangemen in the
16:Series of parades held by the Orange Order
1171:
1169:
745:Public Records Office of Northern Ireland
431:Orange walks were once common throughout
1130:"Sectarianism in Glasgow – Final Report"
941:"Riots Prevent Loyalist March In Dublin"
418:
265:
191:
806:"Order poll on Catholic 'IRA sympathy'"
592:
714:The Orange Order: A Tradition Betrayed
902:
900:
575:heritage dating from the time of the
445:Protestant population of the Republic
7:
966:McDonald, Henry (26 February 2006).
74:. The parades typically build up to
1344:Protestantism in the United Kingdom
625:Walker, David (16 September 2021).
196:Orangemen in typical marching wear.
1027:"Orange parades 'pass peacefully'"
968:"Orange march sparks Dublin riots"
14:
415:Walks outside of Northern Ireland
317:A loyalist mural located off the
246:. Other common flags include the
1176:Tolmie, Andrew (26 June 2005).
1103:Fairnie, Robert (5 July 2019).
501:, but they are concentrated in
435:, especially on 12 July. Since
121:Battlehill LOL 395 marching in
1285:. Grand Orange Lodge of Canada
1000:Lennon, Holly (30 June 2023).
716:, London, 2006, pp. 73–4.
651:Dornan, James (15 July 2021).
258:. Lodges also usually carry a
1:
1178:"Bigots hijack Orange parade"
603:. BBC News. 17 September 2021
497:Orange walks continue across
1253:, London, 2000, p. 136.
701:20th Century British History
494:broke out before it began.
225:, the ship which lifted the
21:Orange walk (disambiguation)
1263:Jenny, Yuen (9 July 2011).
788:Orange Order press release.
1362:
1051:Dunn, Ross (2 July 2022).
474:in South Donegal. A major
349:. The Drumcree area, near
18:
161:. Since the beginning of
811:23 November 2011 at the
793:4 September 2006 at the
395:to attack Protestantism.
333:, who have seen them as
135:Apprentice Boys of Derry
80:Prince William of Orange
1029:. BBC News. 5 July 2008
851:. BBC News. 6 July 2019
703:, 21, 1 92010), pp86-7.
543:Marches were common in
323:Drumcree parade dispute
233:Regalia and accessories
146:by parading to church.
139:Royal Black Institution
105:who see the parades as
72:across Northern Ireland
1154:. BBC. 9 December 2010
466:counties which border
428:
326:
283:
197:
176:to the church door in
155:36th (Ulster) Division
126:
45:
32:Orangemen marching in
1339:Christian processions
1249:Ruth Dudley Edwards,
484:Drum, County Monaghan
422:
316:
269:
195:
120:
113:The "marching season"
103:Scottish nationalists
84:King James II and VII
31:
872:The Donegal Democrat
76:12 July celebrations
68:Commonwealth nations
19:For other uses, see
681:. 18 September 2021
577:American Revolution
571:that have a strong
447:. The last walk in
441:Republic of Ireland
159:Battle of the Somme
151:Battle of the Boyne
88:Battle of the Boyne
70:, and most notably
64:fraternal societies
1082:The London Gazette
947:. 25 February 2006
429:
355:Parades Commission
327:
284:
198:
127:
99:Irish nationalists
46:
44:, on 12 July 2010.
1283:"Upcoming events"
912:Belfast Telegraph
875:, 12 July 2019).
760:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk
423:Orange parade in
400:parade sedition.
347:Drumcree conflict
256:Orange Order flag
219:William of Orange
172:, who nailed his
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282:and Boyntandard.
252:Flag of Scotland
82:'s victory over
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1084:. 8 August 2017
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733:. 11 July 2018.
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188:Form of parades
180:, starting the
144:Reformation Day
131:marching season
125:on 12 July 2008
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451:was in 1937.
427:(1 June 2003).
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1213:. 4 July 2008
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1329:Orange Order
1302:
1294:
1287:. Retrieved
1277:
1268:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1235:– via
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1208:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1181:
1156:. Retrieved
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:
1098:
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