44:
313:. These Patriots strongly opposed both the Prince of Orange, and the British connection. Many of their numbers were drawn from those with commercial and maritime interests who saw Britain as a natural rival of the Dutch, and generally supported the French. At various times the Princes of Orange tried to counter this by moving closer or further away from the British alliance. Events came to a head in the period 1785–1787, when most of the dictatorial powers of the stadtholder were taken away by the Patriots. However, Anglo-Prussian military intervention in the
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relied on the counter-remonstrants to oppose van
Oldenbarnevelt and support his own policies, and things got so bad that civil war threatened. Oldenbarnevelt was executed after a sham trial in 1619 and Grotius sentenced to life in prison, and for a number of years the Orangists were in charge under
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forced the States of the other four provinces to follow suit and appoint him their stadtholder also. This was the first time that all stadtholder's offices in the Dutch
Republic were in the same hand. William IV received almost dictatorial powers under the so-called Government Regulations of 1748.
422:
of the Dutch
Republic, instead being a patchwork of responsibilities. Likewise, Orangism never became a consistent political theory. In particular, the Orangists never formulated a desire for absolute sovereignty in the hands of the princes, even though they "lean heavily on the concept of
227:
barring the infant
William III from the stadtholderate. De Witt then put pressure on all seven of the Republic's provinces to uphold this ban. The Orangist party was eventually led by the young Prince of Orange himself and by men such as
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also was born posthumously. William IV was appointed stadtholder of
Friesland, Groningen, and Gelderland at his majority in 1731, but the other provinces kept the office vacant, until in 1747
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283:
Hopes of democratic political reform were, however, dashed. After his early death, at age 40, in 1751, the stadtholderate (that had been declared hereditary) passed to his infant son
262:
After the death of
William III in 1702 his Dutch ministers decided again to keep the office of stadtholder vacant, mainly because there was no clear successor available (the claim of
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and orthodox
Protestant preachers, though its support fluctuated heavily over the course of the Republic's history and there were never clear-cut socioeconomic divisions.
633:
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of 1787 gave the upper hand to the
Orangists, who drove their Patriot opponents into exile. The powers of the stadtholder were now enshrined in the so-called
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52:
by
Abraham Evertsz. van Westerveld (ca. 1666). Tromp is pictured in Roman costume. His orangist sympathies are reflected by the color of his mantle.
194:, to the office of stadtholder of the Holland and Zeeland. The office had been vacant since the death of William II in 1650. The pro-Republic
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completely, becoming staunch supporters of his autocratic regime, during the period 1810-1813 during which the
Netherlands was annexed to the
31:
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382:. This so discouraged his followers in the Batavian Republic that many made their peace with the new regime, and some, like
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406:, managed to put the son of William V on a newly-invented throne, first of a principality, and soon of the newly-founded
133:(1609-1621). The Remonstrants were tolerant and republican, with a liberal view on biblical interpretation, no belief in
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427:", since this would have been problematic in the Republic that wrested its independence from the kings of Spain under
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of 1788, and guaranteed by Britain and Prussia "in perpetuity." Perpetuity in this case lasted seven years.
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Commercial Republicanism in the Dutch Golden Age: The Political Thought of Johan & Pieter de la Court
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In 1813, when the French retreated from the Netherlands, old Orangist partisans, led by
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with William III's appointment as stadtholder on 28 June 1672 followed by an organised
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This article is about pre-1795 Dutch Orangism. For monarchism in the Netherlands, see
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In the second half of the 18th century the anti-Orangist party became known as the
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was marked by caution (especially in all matters that could harm trade), led by
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of 1802 William V gave up his claims to the stadtholderate in exchange for the
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Orangism can be seen as a continuation of the political opposition between the
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355:, intended to hand the Dutch colonies to the British without a fight. At the
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Printed Pandemonium: Popular Print and Politics in the Netherlands 1650–72
88:) and military commanders of the Republic, as a check on the power of the
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fled to Britain. At the request of the British he wrote the so-called
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458:) failed when these same theories were taken over by the opposing
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552:
Republicans: Essays on Eighteenth-century Dutch Political Thought
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liberty, sharing the idiom of their States Party opponents.
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Second Stadtholderless Period and Orange Restoration of 1747
593:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806
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The stadtholderate was never a well-defined concept in the
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First Stadtholderless Period and Orange Restoration of 1672
70:("pro-prince stance") was a political force opposing the
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Politics and government of the Netherlands (1581–1795)
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as their stadtholder. Friso died in 1711, and his son
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The coup of stadtholder Maurice against Oldenbarnevelt
94:. The Orangist party drew its adherents largely from
583:
Davies, Norman; "Europe: a history." Pimlico, 1997.
236:and Johan de Witt), which culminated during the
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205:and had supporters among the ruling class, the
76:(pro-Republic) party. Orangists supported the
8:
366:made an not-unsuccessful attempt to get the
211:which included his relative from Amsterdam,
293:Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
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398:Founding of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
343:in 1795, resulting in the founding of the
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634:Political history of the Dutch Republic
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270:), though Friso was recognised by the
335:Following the French invasion of the
32:Orangism (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
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287:, but actual power was exercised by
264:John William Friso, Prince of Orange
380:Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda
150:Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange
84:(a position held by members of the
27:Supporters of the Princes of Orange
438:Attempts to introduce elements of
386:, went over to the French emperor
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357:Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland
155:Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
370:to defect to the British in the
223:, agreed to include the secret
190:, the posthumously-born son of
18:Orangism (Netherlands Republic)
528:Israel, pp. 959-968, 1067-1079
153:Maurice and later his brother
1:
280:a popular revolt by Orangists
258:Second Stadtholderless Period
215:. It was de Witt who, in the
550:Velema, Wyger R. E. (2007).
537:Israel, 1098-1115, 1122-1127
519:Israel, pp. 700-739, 796-807
404:Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp
315:Prussian invasion of Holland
295:until his majority in 1766.
276:William IV, Prince of Orange
192:William II, Prince of Orange
167:First Stadtholderless Period
98:– mostly farmers, soldiers,
565:Weststeijn, Arthur (2011).
349:William V, Prince of Orange
325:Batavian Republic and Exile
285:William V, Prince of Orange
248:in the Hague on 20 August.
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408:Kingdom of the Netherlands
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182:backed the appointment of
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496:Reinders, Michel (2013).
137:and were led by men like
139:Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
597:Oxford University Press
384:Carel Hendrik Ver Huell
244:of the brothers at the
217:1654 peace with England
629:House of Orange-Nassau
462:faction in the 1780s.
268:Frederick I of Prussia
175:Orangists such as the
56:In the history of the
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34:. For other uses, see
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452:separation of powers
127:counter-remonstrants
510:Israel, pp. 421-450
392:First French Empire
341:Batavian Revolution
272:States of Friesland
131:Twelve Years' Truce
117:Twelve Years' Truce
639:Political theories
359:in 1799 the young
291:, like his mother
213:Cornelis de Graeff
196:Dutch States Party
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429:William of Orange
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444:natural law
353:Kew Letters
184:William III
147:Stadtholder
129:during the
623:Categories
607:hardback,
478:References
456:Elie Luzac
440:John Locke
433:republican
615:paperback
591:(1995),
569:. Brill.
554:. Brill.
500:. Brill.
466:See also
425:monarchy
388:Napoleon
361:Erfprins
339:and the
311:Patriots
242:lynching
238:Rampjaar
208:regenten
171:Rampjaar
100:noblemen
91:regenten
62:Orangism
36:Orangism
578:Sources
460:Patriot
289:Regents
106:History
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603:
609:ISBN
601:ISBN
454:(by
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