Oracle Database - Knowledge (XXG)

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Firewall, TLS 1.3 Support, Integration with Azure Active Directory OAuth2, True Cache for mid-tier caching, Readable Per-PDB Standby, Globally Distributed Database with active-active RAFT-based replication, Real-time SQL Plan Management, Priority Transactions, SQL Syntax Simplification, Schema Annotations, Data Use Case Domains, Column Value Lock-free Reservations

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Starting with Oracle Database 18c, Oracle Corporation releases Release Updates (RUs) and Release Update Revisions (RURs). RUs usually contain security, regression (bug), optimizer, and functional fixes which may include feature extensions as well. RURs include all fixes from their corresponding RU

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AI Vector Search (includes new Vector data type, Vector indexes, and Vector SQL operators/functions), JSON Relational Duality, JSON Schema Validation, Transactional Microservices Support, OKafka, Operational Property Graphs, Support for SQL/PGQ, Schema Privileges, Developer Role, In-database SQL

275:

Oracle products follow a custom release-numbering and -naming convention. The "ai" in the current release, Oracle Database 23ai, stands for "Artificial Intelligence". Previous releases (e.g. Oracle Database 19c, 10g, and Oracle9i Database) have used suffixes of "c", "g", and "i" which stand for

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Prior to Oracle Database 18c, Oracle Corporation released Critical Patch Updates (CPUs) and Security Patch Updates (SPUs) and Security Alerts to close security vulnerabilities. These releases are issued quarterly; some of these releases have updates issued prior to the next quarterly release.

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Blockchain Tables, Multilingual Engine - JavaScript Execution in the Database, Binary JSON Data Type, Per-PDB Data Guard Physical Standby (aka Multitenant Data Guard), Per-PDB GoldenGate Change Capture, Self-Managing In-Memory, In-Memory Hybrid Columnar Scan, In-Memory Vector Joins with SIMD,

432:

Active Data Guard DML Redirection, Automatic Index Creation, Real-Time Statistics Maintenance, SQL Queries on Object Stores, In-Memory for IoT Data Streams, Hybrid Partitioned Tables, Automatic SQL Plan Management, SQL Quarantine, Zero-Downtime Grid Infrastructure Patching, Finer-Granularity

375:

On May 2, 2024, Oracle Database 23ai was released on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) as cloud services, including OCI Exadata Database Service, OCI Exadata Database Cloud@Customer, and OCI Base Database Service. It is also available in Always Free Autonomous Database. Oracle Database 23c

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Polymorphic Table Functions, Active Directory Integration, Transparent Application Continuity, Approximate Top-N Query Processing, PDB Snapshot Carousel, Online Merging of Partitions and Subpartitions

376:(previously released in 2023) was renamed to Oracle Database 23ai (23.4) due to the significant additional engineering effort to add features that bring AI capabilities to the data in Oracle Database. 276:"Cloud", "Grid", and "Internet" respectively. Prior to the release of Oracle8i Database, no suffixes featured in Oracle Database naming conventions. There was no v1 of Oracle Database, as co-founder 1354: 1467: 3256: 1784: 1052: 1129:

platforms. However, since they share many of the same customers, Oracle and IBM tend to support each other's products in many middleware and application categories (for example:

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Oracle Database 23c (23.2 and 23.3) was released in 2023: April 2023 (Linux) Oracle Database Free - Developer Release September 2023 Oracle Database on Base Database Service

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You should not get confused between Critical Patch Update (CPU) and Security Patch Update (SPU) as CPU terminology has been changed to SPU from October 2012.

1591: 1749: 1125:. Oracle and IBM tend to battle for the mid-range database market on Unix and Linux platforms, while Microsoft dominates the mid-range database market on 1727: 1347: 1457: 408:

Sharding Advisor Tool, Property Graph Visualization Studio, Automatic Materialized Views, Automatic Zone Maps, SQL Macros, Gradual Password Rollover

255:, started a consultancy called Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name 610:

Real Application Testing, Database Vault, Online Indexing, Advanced Compression, Data Guard Fast-Start Failover, Transparent Data Encryption

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report claimed to show Oracle holding #1 RDBMS market share worldwide based on the revenue share ahead of its four closest competitors –

280:"knew no one would want to buy version 1". For some database releases, Oracle also provides an Express Edition (XE) that is free to use. 2402: 2291: 1434: 1400:

Roeser, Mary Beth; Adams, Drew; Ashdown, Lance; Baby, Thomas; Baer, Hermann; Baskan, Yasin; Bayliss, Nigel; Chen, Shuo; Belden, Eric.

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Automated Database Management, Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor, Grid infrastructure, Oracle ASM, Flashback Database

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In the cloud, Oracle Database competes against the database services of AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.

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Edition-Based Redefinition, Data Redaction, Hybrid Columnar Compression, Cluster File System, Golden Gate Replication,

3205: 2995: 2671: 2390: 1303: 260: 81: 1144:), and IBM's hardware divisions work closely with Oracle on performance-optimizing server-technologies (for example, 1667: 3033: 2830: 2594: 2584: 2360: 2036: 1249: 195: 1060: 3251: 3171: 2681: 2414: 550: 3231: 3059: 1719: 1055:

includes a brief history on some of the key innovations introduced with each major release of Oracle Database.

725: 120: 1516: 213:(DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle Database is available by several service providers 3043: 2640: 2630: 2284: 1077:

but only add new security and regression fixes. However, no new optimizer or functional fixes are included.

895: 662: 2343: 1641: 3074: 2711: 2666: 1379: 1329: 1211: 221:, or as a hybrid cloud installation. It may be run on third party servers as well as on Oracle hardware ( 1807:"Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle Database 12c, the First Database Designed for the Cloud" 2908: 2810: 2686: 2440: 3038: 2855: 2775: 2739: 2676: 2558: 2528: 2397: 2348: 1264: 1210:, owner of MySQL, in 2010. Database products licensed as open-source are, by the legal terms of the 1171: 1122: 1117:

In the market for relational databases, Oracle Database competes against commercial products such as

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PL/SQL stored procedures, Triggers, Distributed 2-phase commit, Shared Cursors, Cost-Based Optimizer

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Native Sharding, Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, Exadata Cloud Service, Cloud at Customer

3139: 3079: 3069: 3064: 2878: 2835: 2701: 2548: 2538: 2506: 1980: 1952: 1925: 1750:"Oracle Database 18c : Now available on the Oracle Cloud and Oracle Engineered Systems" 1462: 1231: 1207: 143: 3166: 2768: 2609: 2579: 2533: 2314: 1617:"Oracle Announces General Availability of JSON Relational Duality in Oracle Database 23ai" 866:

Row-level locking, scalability / performance, online backup and recovery, B*Tree indexes,

218: 2187:"Patch Delivery Methods for Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1) and Later Versions" 3161: 3135: 3110: 2893: 2815: 2661: 2599: 2543: 2516: 2409: 2370: 2087: 1307: 1145: 1138: 582: 222: 210: 17: 3220: 2825: 2480: 2465: 1874: 277: 244: 3105: 3023: 2913: 2072: 1814: 1592:"Oracle Announces General Availability of AI Vector Search in Oracle Database 23ai" 226: 1844: 1109:

Magic Quadrant report named Oracle a leader in Cloud Database Management Systems.

2145: 2964: 2898: 2470: 2450: 2013: 953: 2236: 3018: 2974: 2903: 2883: 2820: 2614: 2523: 2485: 2460: 2269: 1221: 1175: 1134: 806: 695: 47: 3089: 2850: 2845: 1985: 1957: 1902: 1183: 1130: 1090: 248: 1206:, in part to compete better against open source alternatives, and acquired 3126: 3028: 2969: 2928: 2918: 2475: 2430: 2300: 1867:"Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle® Database 10g Release 2" 1195: 1191: 1161: 1149: 1102: 252: 956:. Re-written in C for portability to other operating systems, including 39: 2979: 1541: 1179: 1118: 1106: 1086: 1064:

for the current Oracle Database releases and their patching end dates.

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executed from compiled programs (C etc). First version available for

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Recovery Manager, Partitioning. First version available for Linux.

159: 124: 3131: 2954: 2375: 1214:, free to distribute and free of royalty or other licensing fees. 1203: 1187: 264: 786:

Shared Server, XA Transactions, Transparent Application Failover

263:-funded project Ellison had worked on while formerly employed by 2435: 2208:

Heudecker, Nick; Feinberg, Donald; Adrian, Merv (25 July 2017).

1981:"DOS Version of Professional Oracle 5.1B Adds SQL Report Writer" 957: 903: 520: 283:

Oracle Database release numbering has used the following codes:

2764: 2273: 1152:(in data warehousing and business intelligence), Software AG's 1061:

Release Schedule of Current Database Releases (Doc ID 742060.1)

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Comparison of object–relational database management systems

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Increasingly, the Oracle database products compete against

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Multiversion read consistency. First version available for

3010: 1035: 316: 1289:"Oracle Database 23c: The Next Long Term Support Release" 1023: 1018: 304: 299: 1458:"Larry Ellison Is A Billionaire Today Thanks to the CIA" 1348:"Multimodel Database with Oracle Database 12c Release 2" 2147:

Oracle Data Guard 11gR2 Administration Beginner's Guide

1517:"Announcing Oracle Database 23ai: General Availability" 1174:

relational and non-relational database systems such as

964: 934: 910: 878: 850: 832: 813: 790: 771: 751: 731: 702: 673: 640: 614: 588: 556: 527: 493: 462: 437: 412: 389: 2237:"Magic Quadrant for Cloud Database Management Systems" 1694:"Oracle Database 19c Now Available on Oracle Exadata" 1240:

Comparison of relational database management systems

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Parallel SQL Execution. First version available for

3180: 3154: 3119: 3098: 3052: 3009: 2988: 2942: 2867: 2798: 2654: 2623: 2567: 2494: 2423: 2307: 1777:"Oracle Database 18c Now Available For On-Premises" 154: 142: 130: 112: 80: 58: 46: 2209: 1567:"Oracle Database 23c on OCI Base Database Service" 3257:Relational database management software for Linux 1837:"Oracle® Database 11g Release 2 is Now Available" 523:, SQL Pattern Matching, Database Cloud Service 433:Supplemental Logging, Automated PDB Relocation 2037:"Back to the future (Oracle 4.1 VM appliance)" 2009:"PC Relational Database? New Answer is Oracle" 1542:"Oracle Database 23c Free - Developer Release" 1255:List of relational database management systems 2776: 2285: 1028: 309: 8: 2211:"State of the Operational DBMS Market, 2017" 1720:"Oracle Database 19c Now Available on Linux" 1668:"Oracle Database 21c Now Available On Linux" 363: 32: 247:and his two friends and former co-workers, 205:It is a database commonly used for running 2783: 2769: 2761: 2292: 2278: 2270: 88: 38: 31: 3237:Client-server database management systems 1148:). Niche commercial competitors include 1040: 321: 285: 3247:Proprietary database management systems 2264:Overview provided by Oracle Corporation 1304:"The Programming Languages Beacon, v16" 1280: 3242:Relational database management systems 2098:from the original on 30 September 2019 1926:"Oracle users ponder product overload" 983:. Basic SQL queries, simple joins and 696:Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 27:Proprietary database management system 2164:from the original on 23 November 2016 1666:Hardie, William (23 September 2021). 236:for database updating and retrieval. 7: 2068:Data Processing Digest Volumes 29-30 1470:from the original on 16 January 2017 724:Native internet protocols and Java, 515:Multitenant architecture, In-Memory 2745: 2007:Webster, Robin (13 November 1984). 1692:Giles, Dominic (13 February 2019). 1490:"Free Oracle Database for Everyone" 1437:from the original on 25 August 2016 1003:/VMS in PDP-11 compatibility mode. 2092:Virtual Exhibitions in Informatics 1951:O'Brien, Timothy (29 April 1991). 1843:. 1 September 2009. Archived from 1360:from the original on 14 April 2017 966:Old version, no longer maintained: 936:Old version, no longer maintained: 912:Old version, no longer maintained: 880:Old version, no longer maintained: 852:Old version, no longer maintained: 834:Old version, no longer maintained: 815:Old version, no longer maintained: 792:Old version, no longer maintained: 773:Old version, no longer maintained: 753:Old version, no longer maintained: 733:Old version, no longer maintained: 704:Old version, no longer maintained: 675:Old version, no longer maintained: 642:Old version, no longer maintained: 616:Old version, no longer maintained: 590:Old version, no longer maintained: 558:Old version, no longer maintained: 529:Old version, no longer maintained: 495:Old version, no longer maintained: 464:Old version, no longer maintained: 439:Old version, no longer maintained: 414:Old version, yet still maintained: 391:Old version, yet still maintained: 25: 1730:from the original on 5 April 2024 1718:Hardie, William (25 April 2019). 1068:Patch updates and security alerts 1058:See My Oracle Support (MOS) note 979:First commercially available SQL 3201: 3200: 2744: 2734: 2725: 2724: 2047:from the original on 1 July 2019 1953:"Oracle8 on Linux shows promise" 1898:"Oracle8 on Linux shows promise" 1896:Biggs, Maggie (5 October 1998). 1456:Julie Bort (29 September 2014). 1302:Lextrait, Vincent (March 2016). 1224: 2735: 2035:Gralike, Marco (4 April 2006). 1979:Mace, Scott (30 January 1989). 1775:Zagar, Adriana (23 July 2018). 1270:Oracle Real Application Testing 1053:Introduction to Oracle Database 447:February 2018 (cloud, Exadata) 2123:. Firewall Media. p. 12. 2120:Introduction to SQL and PL/SQL 1873:. 11 July 2005. Archived from 902:. First version available for 259:comes from the code-name of a 1: 1813:. 1 July 2013. Archived from 1024:Old version, still maintained 305:Old version, still maintained 207:online transaction processing 3188:Oracle Certification Program 2094:. University of Klagenfurt. 2086:Departments of Informatics. 1924:Nash, Kim (3 October 1994). 1260:List of databases using MVCC 1194:and others. Oracle acquired 900:distributed database systems 3227:Database management systems 2301:Database management systems 2117:Maheshwari, Sharad (2007). 1019:Old version, not maintained 767:Object-relational database 669:, Streams, Logical Standby 300:Old version, not maintained 64:; 45 years ago 3283: 2707:Object–relational database 1250:Database management system 229:or at Cloud at Customer). 196:database management system 185:Oracle Autonomous Database 3196: 3181:Education and recognition 2720: 2682:Federated database system 2415:Blockchain-based database 1402:"Oracle and Standard SQL" 1007: 952:, data distribution, and 906:. Correlated sub-queries 480:March 2017 (on-premises) 288: 198:produced and marketed by 179:(commonly referred to as 108: 76: 37: 2150:. Packt Publishing Ltd. 726:Virtual Private Database 422:February 2019 (Exadata) 2144:Baransel, Emre (2013). 1754:Oracle Database Insider 1724:Oracle Database Insider 1698:Oracle Database Insider 1672:Oracle Database Insider 896:client/server computing 846:Oracle Parallel Server 365:Current stable version: 95:; 12 months ago 2712:Transaction processing 2667:Database normalization 2610:Query rewriting system 2073:Data Processing Digest 1427:"Welcome to Larryland" 1330:"OTN Standard License" 1212:Open Source Definition 1036:Latest preview version 399:December 2020 (cloud) 317:Latest preview version 93:/ 19 September 2023 18:Oracle Express Edition 3267:Oracle Cloud Services 2989:Programming languages 2687:Referential integrity 1642:"Oracle Database 21c" 1164:, among many others. 271:Releases and versions 232:Oracle Database uses 3262:Cloud infrastructure 2831:Héctor García-Molina 2677:Distributed database 1265:Oracle SQL Developer 1172:open-source software 1123:Microsoft SQL Server 999:. Ran on PDP-11 and 478:August 2016 (cloud) 441:Oracle Database 18c 416:Oracle Database 19c 401:August 2021 (Linux) 393:Oracle Database 21c 368:Oracle Database 23ai 137:Multi-model database 3155:Computer appliances 2799:Corporate directors 2697:Relational calculus 2575:Concurrency control 1817:on 9 September 2013 995:to run in 128KB of 987:joins. Written in 950:Concurrency control 648:Database Release 2 444:18.1.0 // 12.2.0.2 424:April 2019 (Linux) 419:19.1.0 // 12.2.0.3 191:) is a proprietary 34: 3172:Big Data Appliance 2811:H. Raymond Bingham 2792:Oracle Corporation 2692:Relational algebra 2636:Query optimization 2441:Armstrong's axioms 2075:. 1983. p. 2. 1756:. 16 February 2018 1646:Oracle Help Center 1621:Oracle Corporation 1596:Oracle Corporation 1571:Oracle Corporation 1546:Oracle Corporation 1521:Oracle Corporation 1406:Oracle Help Center 1198:, supplier of the 872:Novell Netware 386 618:Oracle Database 10 592:Oracle Database 10 560:Oracle Database 11 551:Database Appliance 531:Oracle Database 11 497:Oracle Database 12 466:Oracle Database 12 449:July 2018 (other) 426:June 2019 (cloud) 200:Oracle Corporation 53:Oracle Corporation 3214: 3213: 3120:Computer hardware 3099:Operating systems 3060:Fusion Middleware 2860:Naomi O. Seligman 2841:Jeffrey O. Henley 2758: 2757: 2366:Wide-column store 2361:Document-oriented 2189:. Docs.oracle.com 1387:Technical network 1334:Technical network 1127:Microsoft Windows 1049: 1048: 1045: 989:assembly language 735:Oracle8 Database 579:Active Data Guard 326: 174: 173: 117:Assembly language 100:19 September 2023 16:(Redirected from 3274: 3252:Database engines 3204: 3203: 3044:Developer Studio 3012: 2836:Joseph Grundfest 2785: 2778: 2771: 2762: 2748: 2747: 2738: 2737: 2728: 2727: 2702:Relational model 2672:Database storage 2549:Stored procedure 2294: 2287: 2280: 2271: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2213: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1932:. IDG Enterprise 1921: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1787:on 8 August 2020 1783:. Archived from 1781:Oracle Community 1772: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1689: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1588: 1582: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1463:Business Insider 1453: 1447: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1384: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1359: 1352: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1306:. Archived from 1299: 1293: 1292: 1285: 1234: 1232:Companies portal 1229: 1228: 1227: 1208:Sun Microsystems 1042: 1037: 1032: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1008: 986: 967: 937: 913: 885:5.0.22 (5.1.17) 881: 853: 835: 816: 793: 774: 754: 734: 705: 698:, Oracle XML DB 676: 663:Advanced Queuing 643: 617: 591: 581:, Secure Files, 559: 530: 496: 465: 440: 415: 392: 366: 323: 318: 313: 306: 301: 296: 289: 286: 225:on-premises, on 211:data warehousing 170: 167: 165: 163: 161: 103: 101: 96: 92: 72: 70: 65: 42: 35: 21: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3271: 3232:Oracle Database 3217: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3192: 3176: 3167:Oracle Exalogic 3150: 3115: 3094: 3075:WebLogic Server 3048: 3005: 2984: 2950:Oracle Database 2938: 2863: 2856:Donald L. Lucas 2794: 2789: 2759: 2754: 2716: 2662:Database models 2650: 2619: 2605:Query optimizer 2580:Data dictionary 2563: 2534:Transaction log 2490: 2446:Codd's 12 rules 2419: 2349:Column-oriented 2315:Object-oriented 2303: 2298: 2260: 2255: 2245: 2243: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2218: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2192: 2190: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2167: 2165: 2158: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2050: 2048: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2019: 2017: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1991: 1989: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1963: 1961: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1935: 1933: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1908: 1906: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1880: 1878: 1877:on 5 April 2018 1865: 1864: 1860: 1850: 1848: 1847:on 5 April 2018 1835: 1834: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1790: 1788: 1774: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1757: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1676: 1674: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1615: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1598: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1575: 1573: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1550: 1548: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1500: 1498: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1473: 1471: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1440: 1438: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1410: 1408: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1313: 1311: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1115: 1083: 1081:Market position 1070: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 984: 965: 935: 911: 879: 851: 833: 814: 791: 772: 752: 732: 720: 703: 691: 674: 658: 641: 632: 615: 606: 589: 575:September 2008 574: 570:September 2007 557: 545: 541:September 2009 528: 511: 494: 485: 474: 463: 454: 438: 425: 413: 390: 364: 358: 353: 348: 346: 341: 339: 334: 332: 325: 324: 319: 314: 307: 302: 297: 292: 273: 242: 187:, or simply as 177:Oracle Database 158: 104: 99: 97: 94: 68: 66: 63: 59:Initial release 33:Oracle Database 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3280: 3278: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3219: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3190: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3162:Oracle Exadata 3158: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3129: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3111:Oracle Solaris 3108: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3015: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3003: 2998: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2875: 2873: 2868:Acquisitions ( 2865: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2816:Michael Boskin 2813: 2808: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2787: 2780: 2773: 2765: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2752: 2742: 2732: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2658: 2656: 2655:Related topics 2652: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2631:Administration 2627: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2600:Query language 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2346: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2297: 2296: 2289: 2282: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2259: 2258:External links 2256: 2254: 2253: 2228: 2200: 2178: 2156: 2136: 2129: 2109: 2078: 2058: 2027: 1999: 1971: 1943: 1916: 1888: 1858: 1828: 1798: 1767: 1741: 1710: 1684: 1658: 1633: 1608: 1583: 1558: 1533: 1508: 1481: 1448: 1418: 1392: 1371: 1339: 1321: 1310:on 30 May 2012 1294: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1219: 1216: 1146:Linux on IBM Z 1139:Siebel Systems 1114: 1111: 1082: 1079: 1069: 1066: 1047: 1046: 1041:Future release 1039: 1034: 1030:Latest version 1027: 1022: 1017: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1004: 977: 975: 972: 969: 962: 961: 947: 945: 942: 939: 932: 931: 924: 921: 918: 915: 908: 907: 892: 889: 886: 883: 876: 875: 864: 861: 858: 855: 848: 847: 844: 842: 840: 837: 830: 829: 826: 824: 821: 818: 811: 810: 803: 801: 798: 795: 788: 787: 784: 782: 779: 776: 769: 768: 765: 762: 761:February 1996 759: 756: 749: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 729: 728: 722: 717: 714: 711: 700: 699: 693: 692:December 2003 688: 685: 682: 671: 670: 660: 655: 652: 649: 638: 637: 634: 633:February 2006 629: 626: 623: 612: 611: 608: 603: 600: 597: 586: 585: 576: 571: 568: 565: 554: 553: 547: 542: 539: 536: 525: 524: 513: 508: 505: 502: 491: 490: 487: 482: 476: 471: 460: 459: 456: 451: 445: 442: 435: 434: 430: 428: 420: 417: 410: 409: 405: 403: 397: 394: 387: 386: 382: 380: 373: 370: 361: 360: 355: 350: 343: 336: 328: 327: 322:Future release 320: 315: 311:Latest version 308: 303: 298: 291: 290: 272: 269: 241: 238: 172: 171: 156: 152: 151: 146: 140: 139: 134: 128: 127: 114: 110: 109: 106: 105: 86: 84: 82:Stable release 78: 77: 74: 73: 60: 56: 55: 50: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3279: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3207: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3039:SQL Developer 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 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Kemp 2806:Jeffrey Berg 2244:. Retrieved 2240: 2231: 2219:. Retrieved 2215: 2203: 2191:. Retrieved 2181: 2173: 2166:. Retrieved 2146: 2139: 2119: 2112: 2102:30 September 2100:. Retrieved 2091: 2081: 2067: 2061: 2049:. Retrieved 2040: 2030: 2018:. Retrieved 2012: 2002: 1990:. Retrieved 1984: 1974: 1962:. Retrieved 1956: 1946: 1934:. Retrieved 1929: 1919: 1907:. Retrieved 1901: 1891: 1879:. Retrieved 1875:the original 1870: 1861: 1849:. Retrieved 1845:the original 1840: 1831: 1819:. Retrieved 1815:the original 1810: 1801: 1789:. Retrieved 1785:the original 1780: 1770: 1758:. Retrieved 1753: 1744: 1732:. Retrieved 1723: 1713: 1701:. Retrieved 1697: 1687: 1675:. Retrieved 1671: 1661: 1649:. Retrieved 1645: 1636: 1624:. Retrieved 1620: 1611: 1599:. Retrieved 1595: 1586: 1576:19 September 1574:. Retrieved 1570: 1561: 1549:. Retrieved 1545: 1536: 1524:. Retrieved 1520: 1511: 1499:. Retrieved 1493: 1484: 1472:. Retrieved 1461: 1451: 1439:. Retrieved 1431:The Guardian 1430: 1421: 1409:. 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Retrieved 1308:the original 1297: 1283: 1202:codebase to 1169: 1166: 1160:, and IBM's 1116: 1084: 1075: 1071: 1059: 1057: 1050: 1029: 1012: 894:Support for 721:August 2000 707: 678: 645: 619: 593: 561: 546:August 2013 532: 517:Column Store 498: 479: 467: 448: 423: 400: 377: 367: 310: 293: 282: 274: 256: 243: 231: 227:Oracle Cloud 204: 188: 184: 180: 176: 175: 48:Developer(s) 29: 2965:Berkeley DB 2750:WikiProject 2641:Replication 2529:Transaction 2471:Foreign key 2451:CAP theorem 2398:Multi-model 2221:15 December 2088:"Oracle V2" 2014:PC Magazine 1992:7 September 1964:7 September 1909:7 September 1821:9 September 1677:17 December 1501:19 February 1441:19 December 1314:15 December 1113:Competition 954:scalability 836:Oracle 6.2 794:Oracle 7.1 775:Oracle 7.2 755:Oracle 7.3 667:Data Mining 659:April 2007 607:April 2010 486:March 2017 475:March 2017 215:on-premises 193:multi-model 181:Oracle DBMS 149:Proprietary 3221:Categories 3146:StorageTek 3140:Enterprise 3053:Middleware 3019:JDeveloper 2904:JD Edwards 2884:PeopleSoft 2821:Safra Catz 2615:Query plan 2568:Components 2486:Unique key 2403:comparison 2337:comparison 2327:Relational 2320:comparison 2168:15 January 1791:16 January 1651:9 December 1474:13 January 1353:. Oracle. 1276:References 1176:PostgreSQL 1135:PeopleSoft 985:CONNECT BY 968:Oracle v2 938:Oracle v3 914:Oracle v4 882:Oracle v5 854:Oracle v6 823:June 1992 807:Windows NT 741:June 1997 622:Release 1 602:July 2005 596:Release 2 564:Release 1 535:Release 2 512:July 2014 507:July 2013 501:Release 1 470:Release 2 113:Written in 87:23ai 3090:GlassFish 3080:Coherence 3070:SOA Suite 3065:WebCenter 2943:Databases 2846:Mark Hurd 2624:Functions 2559:Partition 2386:In-memory 2344:Key–value 1986:InfoWorld 1958:InfoWorld 1930:Infoworld 1903:InfoWorld 1380:"Exadata" 1184:Couchbase 1131:WebSphere 1105:. A 2021 1091:Microsoft 800:May 1994 781:May 1995 710:Database 681:Database 625:10.1.0.2 599:10.2.0.1 567:11.1.0.6 538:11.2.0.1 519:, Native 504:12.1.0.1 359:Features 352:Terminal 333:Database 249:Bob Miner 166:/database 3206:Category 3136:T-Series 3127:Sun Fire 3029:NetBeans 2970:TimesTen 2929:NetSuite 2924:Sunopsis 2919:TimesTen 2909:RightNow 2889:Hyperion 2730:Category 2646:Sharding 2502:Relation 2476:Superkey 2431:Database 2424:Concepts 2246:18 April 2193:16 March 2162:Archived 2096:Archived 2045:Archived 1760:28 April 1734:27 April 1728:Archived 1703:27 April 1468:Archived 1435:Archived 1389:, Oracle 1355:Archived 1336:, Oracle 1218:See also 1196:Innobase 1192:ArangoDB 1162:Informix 1150:Teradata 1103:Teradata 991:for the 923:4.1.4.4 917:4.1.4.0 817:Oracle7 713:8.1.5.0 684:9.0.1.0 651:9.2.0.1 631:10.1.0.5 605:10.2.0.5 573:11.1.0.7 544:11.2.0.4 510:12.1.0.2 484:12.2.0.1 473:12.2.0.1 357:Marquee 354:Version 347:Release 345:Initial 342:Version 340:Release 338:Initial 335:Version 253:Ed Oates 219:on-cloud 209:(OLTP), 2980:Essbase 2740:Outline 2539:Trigger 2495:Objects 2241:Gartner 2216:Gartner 2041:amis.nl 1936:30 July 1881:4 April 1851:4 April 1551:3 April 1364:1 March 1180:MongoDB 1119:IBM Db2 1107:Gartner 1087:Gartner 1085:A 2016 1013:Legend: 891:5.1.22 863:6.0.37 857:6.0.17 820:7.0.12 719:8.1.7.4 706:Oracle8 690:9.0.1.5 677:Oracle9 657:9.2.0.8 644:Oracle9 583:Exadata 453:18.17.0 396:21.1.0 372:23.4.0 331:Oracle 294:Legend: 240:History 223:Exadata 162:.oracle 155:Website 144:License 98: ( 67: ( 3085:Tuxedo 3001:PL/SQL 2960:InnoDB 2934:Cerner 2894:Siebel 2554:Cursor 2512:column 2381:NewSQL 2154: 2127: 2051:1 July 2020:1 July 1871:Oracle 1841:Oracle 1811:Oracle 1495:Oracle 1411:9 June 1200:InnoDB 1158:Sybase 1154:ADABAS 1137:, and 993:PDP-11 941:3.1.3 928:MS-DOS 868:PL/SQL 839:6.2.0 797:7.1.0 778:7.2.0 764:7.3.4 758:7.3.0 744:8.0.6 738:8.0.3 257:Oracle 189:Oracle 3132:SPARC 3024:Forms 2955:MySQL 2544:Index 2507:table 2410:Cloud 2376:NoSQL 2371:Graph 2308:Types 1626:2 May 1601:2 May 1526:2 May 1383:(PDF) 1358:(PDF) 1351:(PDF) 1204:MySQL 1188:Neo4j 981:RDBMS 974:1979 944:1983 920:1984 888:1985 860:1988 716:1998 687:2001 654:2002 628:2003 349:Date 265:Ampex 3034:Apex 3011:IDEs 2996:Java 2870:list 2595:ODBC 2585:JDBC 2524:View 2461:Null 2456:CRUD 2436:ACID 2391:list 2354:list 2332:list 2248:2022 2223:2017 2195:2022 2170:2014 2152:ISBN 2125:ISBN 2104:2019 2053:2019 2022:2019 1994:2019 1966:2019 1938:2020 1911:2019 1883:2018 1853:2018 1823:2013 1793:2020 1762:2021 1736:2021 1705:2021 1679:2023 1653:2020 1628:2024 1603:2024 1578:2023 1553:2023 1528:2024 1503:2024 1476:2017 1443:2009 1413:2023 1366:2017 1316:2016 1121:and 1101:and 1051:The 971:2.3 958:UNIX 904:OS/2 898:and 521:JSON 251:and 164:.com 132:Type 69:1979 62:1979 2975:Rdb 2899:BEA 2879:Sun 2590:XQJ 2517:row 1142:CRM 1099:SAP 1095:IBM 1001:VAX 997:RAM 261:CIA 234:SQL 160:www 125:C++ 3223:: 3138:, 2239:. 2214:. 2172:. 2160:. 2090:. 2071:. 2043:. 2039:. 2011:. 1983:. 1955:. 1928:. 1900:. 1869:. 1839:. 1809:. 1779:. 1752:. 1726:. 1722:. 1696:. 1670:. 1644:. 1619:. 1594:. 1569:. 1544:. 1519:. 1492:. 1466:. 1460:. 1433:. 1429:. 1404:. 1385:, 1332:, 1190:, 1186:, 1182:, 1178:, 1156:, 1133:, 1097:, 1093:, 960:. 930:. 874:. 809:. 665:, 267:. 217:, 202:. 183:, 123:, 119:, 3142:) 3134:( 2872:) 2784:e 2777:t 2770:v 2293:e 2286:t 2279:v 2266:. 2250:. 2225:. 2197:. 2133:. 2106:. 2055:. 2024:. 1996:. 1968:. 1940:. 1913:. 1885:. 1855:. 1825:. 1795:. 1764:. 1738:. 1707:. 1681:. 1655:. 1630:. 1605:. 1580:. 1555:. 1530:. 1505:. 1478:. 1445:. 1415:. 1368:. 1318:. 1291:. 708:i 679:i 646:i 620:g 594:g 562:g 533:g 499:c 468:c 168:/ 121:C 102:) 71:) 20:)

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