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did not separate properly during ascent and the excess weight of it prevented the
Centaur stage from achieving orbital velocity. The Centaur and OAO reentered the atmosphere and broke up, destroying a $ 98,500,000 project. The disaster was later traced to a flaw in a $ 100 explosive bolt that failed to fire.
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OAO-B carried a 38 in (97 cm) ultraviolet telescope, and should have provided spectra of fainter objects than had previously been observable. The satellite was launched on 30 November 1970 with "the largest space telescope ever launched", but never made it into orbit. The payload fairing
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emission. Before the instruments could be activated, a power failure resulted in the termination of the mission after three days. The spacecraft was out of control, so that the solar panels could not be deployed to recharge the batteries that would supply power to the electrical and electronic
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light. Although two OAO missions were failures, the success of the other two increased awareness within the astronomical community of the benefits of space-based observations, and led to the instigation of the
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operated until
February 1981, and returned high resolution spectra of hundreds of stars along with extensive X-ray observations. Among the significant discoveries made by
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OAO-3 was launched on 21 August 1972, and proved to be the most successful of the OAO missions. It was a collaborative effort between NASA and the
205:. It observed successfully until January 1973, and contributed to many significant astronomical discoveries. Among these were the discovery that
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137:. These observatories, including the first successful space telescope, provided the first high-quality observations of many objects in
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A flight spare of the grazing incidence mirror built for OAO-3 (Copernicus). The mirror was part of the X-ray telescope built by
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or less, and confirmation that most of the hydrogen in interstellar gas clouds existed in molecular form.
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which found that their UV brightness often increased during the decline in their optical brightness.
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Ultraviolet
Photometry from the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory. I. Instrumentation and Operation
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Four
American satellites, launched ΩΩΩΨ© ΩΩ
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Ω Ψ§Ψ³Ω
ΨΉΨΆΩ ΩΨ±ΩΩ Diviner Ψ¬ΩΨ΄ΩΨ§ Ψ¨Ψ§ΩΨ―ΩΩΩΨ―β72
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Spectrophotometric
Results from the Copernicus Satellite. I. Instrumentation and Performance
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Technicians in a clean room check out the OAO 2 before the missionβs Dec. 7, 1968, launch.
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Rogerson J.B., Spitzer L., Drake J.F., Dressler K., Jenkins E.B., Morton D.C. (1973),
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25 mission, with an artist's conception of OAO-1 appearing on the mission's emblem.
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was launched successfully on 8 April 1966, carrying instruments to detect
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Code A.D., Houck T.E., McNall J.F., Bless R.C., Lillie C.F. (1970),
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that had rotation times of many minutes instead of the more typical
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619:"50 Years Ago, NASA's Copernicus Set the Bar for Space Astronomy"
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In the first season of the alternate history space drama show
201:) was launched on 7 December 1968, and carried 11 ultraviolet
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between 1966 and 1972, managed by NASA Chief of
Astronomy
260:'s Science Research Council (currently known as the
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511:"A Faulty Bolt Is Blamed For Failure of Satellite"
357:Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
268:to mark the 500th anniversary of the birth of
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248:. It is now held in the collections of the
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282:were the discovery of several long-period
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
262:Science and Engineering Research Council
32:This article includes a list of general
2178:
652:, Astrophysical Journal, v. 181, p. L97
373:
645:, Astrophysical Journal, v. 161, p.377
479:"U.S. FAILS TO ORBIT LARGE TELESCOPE"
209:are surrounded by enormous haloes of
101:Artist's conception of OAO-B in orbit
85:Artist's conception of OAO-1 in orbit
7:
540:
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383:"Orbiting Astronomical Observatory"
236:Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 3
189:Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2
184:Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2
264:). After its launch, it was named
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2780:Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
2706:List of proposed space telescopes
1387:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
617:Reddy, Francis (19 August 2022).
156:Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
115:Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
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23:
1608:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
125:were a series of four American
1:
2716:List of heliophysics missions
2696:Great Observatories program
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2187:Orbiting Solar Observatory
570:"The Copernicus Satellite"
233:
181:
2739:Category:Space telescopes
2729:
326:, Cape Canaveral, Florida
246:University College London
2701:List of space telescopes
318:OAO-2, OAO-B and OAO-3:
109:OAO-3 in the clean room
53:more precise citations.
2027:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)
362:Hubble Space Telescope
253:
250:Science Museum, London
144:Hubble Space Telescope
110:
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1648:Space Solar Telescope
574:heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov
387:www.daviddarling.info
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2721:List of planetariums
1618:NRO donation to NASA
546:"OAO 3 (Copernicus)"
171:equipment on board.
2775:1972 in spaceflight
2770:1970 in spaceflight
2765:1968 in spaceflight
2760:1966 in spaceflight
2417:(Mission completed)
702:Radio and Microwave
550:Gunter's Space Page
459:Gunter's Space Page
435:Gunter's Space Page
431:"OAO 2 (Stargazer)"
411:Gunter's Space Page
270:Nicolaus Copernicus
127:space observatories
2354:Suzaku (Astro-EII)
2179:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
2163:Mikhailo Lomonosov
2011:Hinotori (Astro-A)
1613:New Worlds Mission
515:The New York Times
483:The New York Times
331:In popular culture
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230:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
111:
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2645:SIM & SIMlite
2019:Hisaki (SPRINT-A)
1979:Hakucho (CORSA-b)
1533:Astro-1 Telescope
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598:archive.stsci.edu
594:"MAST Copernicus"
455:"OAO B (Goddard)"
324:Launch Complex 36
309:Launch Complex 12
135:Nancy Grace Roman
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517:. 1971-01-13.
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485:. 1970-12-01.
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2012:
2009:
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1996:
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1449:
1444:
1443:Solar-C EUVST
1441:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1409:
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1396:
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1340:Solar Orbiter
1338:
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1060:
1055:
1054:Solar Orbiter
1052:
1047:
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1036:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1015:
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1007:
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927:
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842:
839:
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772:
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766:
764:
760:
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748:
743:
740:
735:
732:
727:
724:
719:
718:Solar Orbiter
716:
711:
708:
707:
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703:
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688:
681:
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306:
305:Atlas-Agena D
302:
301:
297:
295:
293:
289:
285:
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259:
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124:
120:
116:
107:
99:
91:
83:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2587:
2570:
2414:Hibernating
2166:(2016β2019?)
1709:(1962, 1964)
1603:Nano-JASMINE
1427:NEO Surveyor
1351:(since 2006)
1343:(since 2020)
1335:(since 1995)
1327:(since 2019)
1319:(since 2017)
1311:(since 2008)
1303:(since 2015)
1295:(since 2015)
1287:(since 2011)
1279:(since 1997)
1258:(since 1999)
1250:(since 2024)
1242:(since 2023)
1234:(since 2022)
1226:(since 2012)
1218:(since 2017)
1210:(since 2018)
1202:(since 2009)
1194:(since 2017)
1186:(since 2004)
1178:(since 2024)
1170:(since 2019)
1162:(since 2021)
1154:(since 2020)
1146:(since 2008)
1138:(since 2002)
1130:(since 2017)
1122:(since 2024)
1114:(since 2015)
1106:(since 1999)
1098:(since 2015)
1073:(since 2004)
1065:(since 2006)
1057:(since 2020)
1049:(since 2008)
1041:(since 1995)
1033:(since 2010)
1025:(since 2013)
1017:(since 2006)
1009:(since 2021)
1001:(since 2015)
993:(since 2022)
985:(since 2023)
964:(since 2018)
956:(since 2004)
948:(since 2008)
940:(since 1995)
932:(since 2010)
924:(since 2001)
916:(since 2013)
908:(since 2006)
900:(since 1990)
892:(since 2005)
884:(since 2013)
876:(since 2021)
868:(since 2023)
860:(since 2015)
852:(since 2019)
844:(since 2021)
836:(since 2013)
827:(since 2015)
819:(since 2018)
798:(since 2009)
790:(since 2008)
782:(since 2001)
774:(since 2022)
753:(since 2024)
745:(since 1994)
737:(since 2018)
729:(since 2006)
721:(since 2020)
713:(since 2018)
649:
642:
626:. Retrieved
622:
612:
601:. Retrieved
597:
588:
577:. Retrieved
573:
564:
553:. Retrieved
549:
526:. Retrieved
514:
505:
494:. Retrieved
482:
473:
462:. Retrieved
458:
449:
438:. Retrieved
434:
425:
414:. Retrieved
410:
401:
390:. Retrieved
386:
376:
337:
320:Atlas SLV-3C
279:
275:
274:
265:
255:
224:
197:
196:
195:, nicknamed
192:
188:
187:
176:
155:
153:
129:launched by
118:
114:
112:
65:
56:
37:
2527:(2014β2015)
2479:(2012β2013)
2445:Lost/Failed
2436:(1998β2010)
2428:(1998β2005)
2405:(1991β2001)
2397:(2001β2010)
2381:(1970β1973)
2373:(1983β1985)
2365:(1975β1980)
2357:(2005β2015)
2349:(2003β2020)
2341:(2011β2019)
2333:(1979β1985)
2325:(1975β1979)
2317:(1972β1973)
2309:(1992β2004)
2301:(1995β2012)
2293:(1990β1999)
2285:(2002β2018)
2277:(1983β1984)
2269:(2009β2013)
2253:(2006β2016)
2182:(1972β1981)
2174:(1968β1973)
2158:(1996β1997)
2150:(2003β2019)
2142:(2015β2017)
2134:(2015β2017)
2126:(1997β2002)
2118:(1990β2001)
2110:(2009β2018)
2102:(1996β2004)
2094:(1978β1996)
2086:(1996β1998)
2078:(1995β1996)
2054:(1989β1993)
2046:(2000β2008)
2038:(1979β1981)
2030:(1978β1982)
2022:(2013β2023)
2014:(1981β1991)
2006:(2009β2013)
1998:(1977β1979)
1990:(1997β2005)
1982:(1979β1985)
1974:(1989β1998)
1966:(1987β1991)
1958:(1990β1992)
1950:(2003β2013)
1942:(1987β2001)
1934:(1999β2007)
1926:(1992β2001)
1918:(1983β1986)
1907:Explorer 11
1878:(2017β2019)
1870:(1989β1993)
1862:(1975β1982)
1854:(2006β2013)
1846:(1991β2000)
1838:(2003β2008)
1830:(1996β2003)
1822:(1974β1976)
1814:(1983β1991)
1773:(1993β2000)
1765:(1973β1974)
1757:(2017β2019)
1749:(1979β1982)
1741:(1974β1980)
1733:(1971β1972)
1725:(1967β1969)
1701:(1962β1972)
1693:(1993β2005)
1685:(2006β2011)
1677:(2007β2024)
974:Ultraviolet
160:ultraviolet
139:ultraviolet
51:introducing
2754:Categories
2386:Vanguard 3
1698:Alouette 1
1538:AstroSat-2
1255:XMM-Newton
771:James Webb
603:2024-08-18
579:2024-08-18
555:2024-08-18
528:2024-08-18
496:2024-08-18
464:2024-08-18
440:2024-08-18
416:2024-08-18
392:2024-08-18
368:References
280:Copernicus
276:Copernicus
266:Copernicus
203:telescopes
154:The first
123:satellites
34:references
2589:Eddington
2544:Cancelled
2051:Hipparcos
1459:Spektr-UV
1324:Mini-EUSO
1316:ISS-CREAM
1167:Spektr-RG
1087:Gamma-ray
982:Aditya-L1
873:Hayabusa2
750:Queqiao 2
694:Operating
628:7 January
523:0362-4331
491:0362-4331
315:, Florida
272:in 1473.
198:Stargazer
177:Stargazer
168:gamma ray
2640:Sentinel
2338:Spektr-R
2274:RELIKT-1
2115:Kristall
2003:Herschel
1827:BeppoSAX
1583:JEM-EUSO
1578:iWF-MAXI
1520:Proposed
1483:LiteBIRD
1475:Spektr-M
1207:MinXSS-2
1135:INTEGRAL
998:Astrosat
824:Astrosat
763:Infrared
623:NASA.gov
351:See also
298:Launches
288:X Persei
286:such as
211:hydrogen
2689:Related
2600:FINESSE
2578:Destiny
2561:Astro-G
2524:Tsubame
2516:Astro-E
2492:ABRIXAS
2346:Spitzer
2330:Solwind
2282:R/HESSI
2242:Orion 2
2234:Orion 1
1939:Kvant-1
1835:CHIPSat
1798:Astro-2
1778:Astro-1
1754:ASTERIA
1746:Ariel 6
1738:Ariel 5
1730:Ariel 4
1722:Ariel 3
1714:Ariel 2
1706:Ariel 1
1667:Retired
1658:THESEUS
1643:Solar-D
1638:PhoENiX
1478:(2030+)
1435:JASMINE
1403:Xuntian
1371:SPHEREx
1364:Planned
913:NEOSSat
808:Optical
734:Queqiao
407:"OAO 1"
303:OAO-1:
284:pulsars
47:improve
2665:TAUVEX
2572:Darwin
2551:Aelita
2535:(2016)
2519:(2000)
2511:(1999)
2503:(1996)
2500:HETE-1
2495:(1999)
2487:(1965)
2471:(1976)
2463:(1970)
2455:(1966)
2389:(1959)
2306:SAMPEX
2266:Planck
2261:(2018)
2258:PicSat
2250:PAMELA
2245:(1973)
2237:(1971)
2139:MinXSS
2107:Kepler
2070:(1983)
2062:(2024)
2043:HETE-2
2035:HEAO-3
1995:HEAO-1
1971:Granat
1915:EXOSAT
1910:(1961)
1902:(2010)
1894:(2008)
1886:(1993)
1875:CXBN-2
1811:Astron
1806:(1995)
1781:(1990)
1717:(1964)
1690:ALEXIS
1633:PETREL
1593:LUVOIR
1543:EXCEDE
1510:(2035)
1502:(2035)
1499:Athena
1494:(2033)
1486:(2032)
1470:(2030)
1462:(2030)
1454:(2029)
1446:(2028)
1438:(2028)
1430:(2027)
1422:(2027)
1414:(2027)
1406:(2026)
1398:(2026)
1390:(2026)
1382:(2026)
1379:K-EUSO
1374:(2025)
1348:STEREO
1284:AMS-02
1247:XPoSat
1223:NuSTAR
1062:STEREO
1006:Hibari
897:Hubble
889:HiRISE
865:Euclid
857:DSCOVR
849:CHEOPS
726:STEREO
521:
489:
344:Apollo
292:second
207:comets
175:OAO-2
36:, but
2660:SPOrt
2655:SPICA
2635:OSO K
2630:OSO J
2484:OSO C
2468:CORSA
2460:OAO-B
2452:OAO-1
2433:TRACE
2378:Uhuru
2322:SAS-C
2314:SAS-B
2290:ROSAT
2227:OSO 8
2222:OSO 7
2217:OSO 6
2212:OSO 5
2207:OSO 4
2202:OSO 3
2197:OSO B
2192:OSO 1
2171:OAO-2
2123:LEGRI
2059:ILO-X
1955:Gamma
1947:GALEX
1899:EPOXI
1891:EPOCh
1859:Cos-B
1851:CoRoT
1786:BBXRT
1674:AGILE
1653:THEIA
1623:ORBIS
1573:ILO-1
1558:HabEx
1553:FOCAL
1528:Arcus
1491:Taiji
1451:ARIEL
1395:PLATO
1300:DAMPE
1292:CALET
1239:XRISM
1215:NICER
1183:Swift
1151:GECAM
1143:Fermi
1111:DAMPE
1095:CALET
1083:X-ray
1070:Swift
1046:SOLAR
990:ASO-S
953:Swift
945:SOLAR
841:CHASE
832:BRITE
787:SOLAR
322:from
307:from
221:OAO-B
215:novae
193:OAO-2
164:X-ray
150:OAO-1
2680:XIPE
2675:XEUS
2650:SNAP
2625:LOFT
2620:JDEM
2605:GEMS
2595:FAME
2583:EChO
2556:AOSO
2508:WIRE
2476:CXBN
2425:SWAS
2394:WMAP
2298:RXTE
2147:MOST
2099:IXAE
2075:IRTS
2067:IRAS
1931:FUSE
1923:EUVE
1867:COBE
1598:Lynx
1588:LUCI
1507:LISA
1467:UVEX
1419:LORD
1411:COSI
1332:SOHO
1308:IBEX
1231:LEIA
1199:MAXI
1175:SVOM
1159:IXPE
1085:and
1038:SOHO
1022:IRIS
961:TESS
937:SOHO
921:Odin
881:Gaia
795:WISE
779:Odin
742:Wind
710:NCLE
630:2023
519:ISSN
487:ISSN
166:and
131:NASA
113:The
2670:TPF
2615:IXO
2610:HOP
2155:MSX
2091:IUE
2083:ISO
1883:DXS
1819:ANS
1802:HUT
1791:HUT
1762:ATM
1628:OST
1563:HWO
1276:ACE
1030:SDO
929:SDO
816:Aoi
119:OAO
2756::
1804:)
621:.
596:.
572:.
548:.
537:^
513:.
481:.
457:.
433:.
409:.
385:.
311:,
258:UK
162:,
146:.
121:)
1800:(
679:e
672:t
665:v
632:.
606:.
582:.
558:.
531:.
499:.
467:.
443:.
419:.
395:.
252:.
191:(
117:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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