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478:. A simple explanation of the term would state that electropositive atoms (such as carbon groups) attached in close proximity to the potential proton acceptor have an "electron-releasing" effect, such that the positive charge acquired by the proton acceptor is distributed over other adjacent atoms in the chain. The converse is also possible as alleviation of alkalinity: electronegative atoms or species (such as fluorine or the
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hydroxide are hydroxide donors rather than proton acceptors like the above compounds. However, they are not always stable. Choline hydroxide, for example, is
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groups allowing the nitrogen atom to more readily accept a proton and become a cation being much greater than that of the hydrogen atoms. In
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have a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom and can thus act as proton acceptors. Examples include:
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and nitrogen-based heterocyclics. Protonation takes place at the nitrogen atom, not the
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406:. Organic bases are usually, but not always, proton acceptors. They usually contain
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atoms, which can easily be protonated. For example, amines or nitrogen-containing
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bases also contain phosphorus and are, in general, more alkaline than standard
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of quaternary ammonium cations or some other organic cations
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566:"Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives"
322:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
520:atom to which the nitrogen is double-bonded.
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382:Learn how and when to remove this message
470:Most organic bases are considered to be
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490:, due to the inductive effect of the
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320:adding citations to reliable sources
544:and slowly breaks down to release
486:is a more potent base than merely
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307:needs additional citations for
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530:tetramethylammonium hydroxide
534:tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
528:Some organic bases, such as
466:Factors affecting alkalinity
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116:Self-ionization of water
101:Hammett acidity function
498:, the protonated form (
412:heterocyclic compounds
131:Frustrated Lewis pair
91:Equilibrium chemistry
81:Dissociation constant
51:Acid–base homeostasis
504:resonance structures
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126:Lewis acid catalysis
46:Acid–base reaction
589:Bases (chemistry)
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136:Chiral Lewis acid
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314:Please help
309:verification
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86:Donor number
510:Phosphazene
500:guanidinium
480:nitro group
453:phosphazene
428:methylamine
424:alkylamines
66:Amphoterism
552:References
542:metastable
518:phosphorus
496:guanidines
459:hydroxides
426:, such as
342:newspapers
244:Superbases
190:Superacids
96:Extraction
448:guanidine
443:histidine
433:imidazole
372:June 2020
141:ECW model
121:Titration
583:Category
419:pyridine
408:nitrogen
538:choline
488:ammonia
356:scholar
229:Organic
175:Organic
170:Mineral
514:amines
492:methyl
398:is an
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239:Strong
185:Strong
569:(PDF)
536:, or
455:bases
363:JSTOR
349:books
234:Oxide
224:Lewis
211:types
200:Solid
180:Oxide
165:Lewis
152:types
472:weak
404:base
335:news
254:Weak
209:Base
195:Weak
150:Acid
71:Base
41:Acid
394:An
318:by
585::
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106:pH
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379:(
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370:(
360:·
353:·
346:·
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312:.
281:e
274:t
267:v
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