2963:
3281:
4835:
1664:
1652:
51:
2656:
4847:
2668:
2825:
Because of the connected history, ordoliberalism is also sometimes referred to as "German neoliberalism". This led to frequent confusion and mix-ups of terms and ideas in the discourse, debate and criticism of both economic schools. In 1991 political economist
3026:, some, but not all, price controls were lifted, and taxes on small businesses and corporations were lowered. Furthermore, social security and pensions were increased to provide a social base income. Ordoliberals have stated that these policies led to the
2806:, which calls for a strong role for the state with respect to the market and which is in many ways different from the ideas connected to the term neoliberalism. Ironically, the term neoliberalism was originally coined in 1938 at the
5586:
2905:
Since the 1960s, ordoliberal influence on economics and jurisprudence has significantly diminished; however, many German economists define themselves as
Ordoliberals through the present day, the
2951:
6215:
3134:
994:
4877:
5912:
Oswalt, Walter (2008). "Zur Einführung: Walter Eucken (1891–1950)" [Introduction: Walter Eucken (1891–1950)]. In
Goldschmidt, Nils; Wohlgemuth, Michael (eds.).
3005:
2266:
5714:
5686:
5127:
Ptak, Ralf (2009). "Neoliberalism in
Germany: Revisiting the Ordoliberal Foundations of the Social Market Economy". In Mirowski, Philip; Plehwe, Dieter (eds.).
1019:
989:
5489:
3125:." The state should form an economic order instead of directing economic processes, and three negative examples ordoliberals used to back their theories were
2698:
1694:
1071:
5811:
5759:
2962:
5377:
4275:
1024:
144:
6208:
1414:
6112:; Snaith, Holly (September 2015). "'As I drifted on a river I could not control': the unintended ordoliberal consequences of the Eurozone crisis".
3322:
1004:
1493:
4991:
posited. Both groups took up the same problem, but in vastly different directions. The political philosophy of
Ordoliberals was influenced by
6099:
6080:
6038:
6030:
5925:
5321:
5242:
5200:
5169:
5144:
4870:
4413:
3963:
1538:
1332:
1111:
5434:
5405:
1364:
1225:
1173:
1168:
5780:
6201:
6092:
The Making of the German Post-war
Economy: Political Communication and Public Reception of the Social Market Economy After World War Two
3953:
1481:
1193:
1044:
646:
6371:
5608:
1404:
1302:
1250:
1188:
1183:
1121:
789:
6386:
5958:
5869:
5840:
5461:
5348:
4421:
4083:
4063:
3993:
2193:
1409:
1034:
6044:
4498:
6114:
4863:
4333:
3666:
3295:
3262:
2691:
1687:
1444:
2938:(FDP) is a traditional and committed supporter of ordoliberalism, the party having been influenced by the economic theories of
2935:
1471:
376:
5066:
4672:
3943:
3142:
2902:
was already well established, so ordoliberal ideals were not as far reaching as the theory's economic founders had intended.
839:
408:
6396:
5006:
4759:
4580:
4537:
3739:
3714:
3449:
2457:
2115:
1352:
1317:
1297:
6366:
4477:
4405:
4363:
4043:
3799:
2507:
2497:
1230:
6376:
5515:
4765:
4546:
4436:
2684:
2203:
2140:
2073:
2051:
1680:
1342:
919:
386:
280:
5727:
5650:
809:
6292:
5832:
5477:
4791:
4690:
4606:
4587:
4558:
4469:
4348:
3346:
2853:
2512:
2028:
1394:
1059:
844:
526:
371:
4662:
4573:
4553:
4490:
4454:
4013:
3769:
3351:
3161:
2286:
1973:
1505:
1399:
1009:
799:
479:
465:
6176:, Italian Centre Studies on Social Market Economy and liberal tradition in the light of Catholic social thought.
4733:
3280:
6381:
5996:
5975:
5721:
5629:
4781:
4214:
4208:
4103:
3397:
3236:
3216:
3164:), there are a few key differences. Whilst they both adhere to the idea of providing a moderate stance between
3055:
2926:
2809:
2560:
2256:
2103:
1942:
1916:
1838:
1783:
1292:
1277:
1143:
1039:
290:
97:
5751:
4514:
894:
779:
6401:
6335:
5374:
4984:
4956:
also notes the similarity (beyond just historical contemporaneity) between the Ordo/Freiburg school and the
4744:
4568:
4482:
4444:
4389:
4003:
3983:
3914:
3754:
3749:
3380:
3375:
3332:
3270:
3181:
2844:
2452:
2098:
2093:
2083:
1778:
1597:
1476:
1419:
1307:
1272:
1131:
1086:
999:
834:
676:
224:
189:
70:
6257:
6297:
6272:
6161:
5550:
Massimiliano, Vatiero (2010). "The
Ordoliberal notion of market power: an institutionalist reassessment".
4431:
4397:
4358:
3477:
3188:), whereas advocates of the third-way social democracy model have been known to oversee multiple economic
3110:
2918:
2912:
2849:
2605:
2482:
2276:
2135:
2066:
1953:
1911:
1510:
1486:
1454:
1424:
1389:
1384:
1359:
1220:
1138:
1014:
984:
209:
6312:
769:
611:
5596:
5108:
5078:
4998:
4810:
4776:
4563:
4203:
3973:
3545:
3540:
3252:
2803:
2738:
2585:
2570:
2492:
2472:
2427:
2324:
2183:
2173:
2145:
2018:
2008:
1936:
1631:
1553:
1528:
1500:
1459:
1439:
1429:
1374:
1312:
1287:
1203:
1198:
1163:
1148:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1076:
1029:
924:
899:
889:
794:
626:
511:
453:
6287:
4170:
6307:
5397:
The Euro Crisis and
European Identities: Political and Media Discourse in Germany, Ireland and Poland
5093:
4145:
4093:
4073:
4053:
3909:
3676:
3647:
3627:
3305:
3244:
3153:
3146:
3138:
2947:
2635:
2590:
2565:
2532:
2236:
2231:
2168:
2163:
1921:
1758:
1619:
1434:
1379:
1369:
1347:
1327:
1322:
1282:
1267:
1245:
1208:
1158:
1116:
1106:
1066:
586:
576:
551:
460:
413:
258:
132:
127:
122:
65:
6302:
6391:
6345:
6267:
5723:
Paper presented at the
American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, Johns Hopkins University
5136:
4910:
4839:
4615:
4599:
4506:
4290:
4265:
4255:
4023:
3879:
3849:
3734:
3600:
3363:
3300:
3085:
According to
Stephen Padgett, "a central tenet of ordo-liberalism is a clearly defined division of
3078:, but also possibly undermine good government, since strong economic power can be transformed into
2943:
2817:
2715:
2349:
2271:
2226:
2221:
2088:
2078:
1978:
1788:
1753:
1711:
1614:
1262:
1235:
1178:
1126:
909:
681:
621:
571:
344:
263:
204:
137:
107:
102:
75:
34:
5950:
784:
6131:
6002:
5981:
5894:
5886:
5678:
5635:
5567:
5532:
5340:
The
Dynamics of German Industry: Germany's Path toward the New Economy and the American Challenge
4803:
4739:
4667:
4635:
4285:
4260:
4193:
3869:
3779:
3759:
3724:
3709:
3521:
3493:
3387:
3368:
3327:
3173:
3086:
3051:
3047:
2772:
2595:
2555:
2432:
2281:
2246:
2033:
1993:
1948:
1868:
1823:
1803:
1337:
1240:
1153:
949:
884:
339:
319:
156:
4165:
4135:
2996:
The Ordoliberal model implemented in Germany was started under the government administration of
601:
5787:
5162:
Vom Ordoliberalismus zur Sozialen Marktwirtschaft: Stationen des Neoliberalismus in Deutschland
6282:
6242:
6095:
6076:
6034:
5954:
5921:
5836:
5805:
5670:
5604:
5600:
5590:
5457:
5451:
5430:
5401:
5344:
5317:
5292:
5238:
5196:
5165:
5140:
4980:
4929:
4928:("The Failure of Economic Liberalism", 1950). The ordoliberals thus separated themselves from
4771:
4657:
4270:
4198:
3854:
3829:
3694:
3610:
3232:
3029:
2744:
2660:
2527:
2394:
2384:
2329:
2251:
2125:
2110:
1988:
1958:
1888:
1878:
1813:
1656:
929:
686:
616:
591:
581:
561:
381:
268:
199:
161:
5826:
5422:
5395:
6340:
6317:
6123:
6109:
6017:
5946:
5878:
5662:
5559:
5524:
5282:
5128:
5103:
5060:
4957:
4890:
4305:
4219:
4033:
3884:
3844:
3824:
3789:
3744:
3729:
3671:
3661:
3654:
3605:
3526:
3422:
3193:
3089:
in economic management, with specific responsibilities assigned to particular institutions.
2939:
2915:
is still teaching ordoliberalism. Additionally, some institutes and foundations such as the
2462:
2437:
2389:
2369:
2314:
2291:
2241:
2120:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1968:
1858:
1808:
1798:
1793:
1572:
1565:
904:
854:
824:
819:
764:
671:
656:
631:
566:
536:
403:
354:
329:
312:
307:
241:
166:
92:
80:
50:
6262:
6224:
5381:
5370:
5188:
Wirtschaft, Politik und Freiheit: Freiburger Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und der Widerstand
5088:
5014:
4961:
4951:
4937:
4714:
4368:
4338:
4295:
4245:
4235:
4188:
3894:
3889:
3864:
3437:
3392:
3228:
3220:
3090:
3079:
3017:
2999:
2976:
2895:
2872:
2792:
2750:
2672:
2517:
2422:
2379:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2261:
2056:
1668:
964:
954:
939:
859:
849:
829:
721:
701:
661:
636:
546:
440:
428:
418:
359:
219:
214:
85:
5129:
4817:
4343:
3764:
3058:. The concern is that, if the state does not take active measures to foster competition,
6021:
5235:
Walter Eucken and his work: looking back at the mastermind of the social market economy
5038:
4933:
4851:
4702:
4677:
4650:
4280:
4240:
4150:
4113:
3904:
3839:
3834:
3804:
3784:
3699:
3248:
3209:
3114:
3075:
3046:
must create a proper legal environment for the economy and maintain a healthy level of
3043:
2907:
2759:
2610:
2580:
2502:
2364:
1998:
1843:
1833:
1763:
1748:
1743:
1636:
1609:
1604:
1577:
1533:
879:
869:
814:
691:
666:
641:
606:
556:
496:
423:
324:
285:
275:
149:
5453:
Social Europe, the Road Not Taken: The Left and European Integration in the Long 1970s
1663:
6360:
6252:
6247:
6237:
6135:
5898:
5710:
5682:
5571:
5230:
Walter Eucken und sein Werk: RĂĽckblick auf den Vordenker der sozialen Marktwirtschaft
5098:
5022:
4916:
4786:
4695:
4315:
4160:
4140:
3919:
3774:
3719:
3640:
3484:
3463:
3315:
3224:
3201:
3197:
3102:
3011:
2968:
2882:
2876:
2839:
2829:
2796:
2786:
2778:
2727:
2615:
2487:
2447:
2319:
1983:
1883:
1863:
1592:
914:
874:
804:
774:
741:
736:
716:
596:
521:
433:
296:
112:
5853:
5614:
5255:
5213:
4754:
4749:
4682:
4353:
4300:
4250:
4155:
3924:
3874:
3819:
3632:
3595:
3559:
3533:
3240:
3189:
3130:
3122:
3094:
2986:
2891:
2734:
2537:
2477:
2404:
2188:
1963:
1873:
1626:
959:
934:
864:
711:
541:
531:
334:
1651:
6184:
5666:
5338:
5311:
5228:
5186:
2985:
Ordoliberalism was a major influence on the economic model developed in post-war
2898:
in Germany. However the social market economy was implemented in economies where
2894:
German social market economy. They were especially influential on forming a firm
6277:
4796:
4449:
4230:
3899:
3859:
3809:
3794:
3704:
3500:
3442:
3358:
3341:
3106:
3059:
2899:
2723:
2719:
2620:
2522:
2442:
2198:
1931:
1893:
1848:
1818:
1773:
944:
746:
731:
706:
501:
486:
393:
246:
194:
6193:
5513:
Megay, Edward N. (1970). "Anti-Pluralist Liberalism: The German Neoliberals".
5287:
5270:
4973:
4919:
4894:
4310:
4224:
3516:
3510:
3505:
3457:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3157:
3118:
2868:
2600:
2309:
2130:
2061:
1719:
1582:
1548:
1543:
1213:
726:
516:
491:
398:
251:
231:
42:
6001:. Translated by Burchell, Graham (1st Picador Paperback ed.). New York:
5980:. Translated by Burchell, Graham (1st Picador Paperback ed.). New York:
5674:
5634:. Translated by Burchell, Graham (1st Picador Paperback ed.). New York:
5296:
5083:
5030:
4992:
4988:
4967:
3620:
3552:
3417:
3205:
3196:
model has also foreseen a clash of ideas regarding the establishment of the
3165:
3098:
3067:
2655:
2640:
2630:
2575:
2399:
2334:
2178:
1926:
1733:
1449:
651:
171:
5131:
The Road From Mont Pèlerin: The Making of The Neoliberal Thought Collective
17:
2667:
5563:
4976:
4709:
3063:
2467:
2374:
1828:
1738:
1587:
1560:
1464:
1255:
506:
349:
6179:
6023:
The Long Shadow of Ordoliberalism: Germany's Approach to the Euro Crisis
5715:"Germany's Social Market Economy: How Sustainable is the Welfare State?"
3152:
While the ordoliberal idea of a social market is similar to that of the
2757:) was coined in 1950 by Hero Moeller and refers to the academic journal
6127:
5890:
5536:
3814:
3432:
3071:
2990:
2890:
Ordoliberal ideals (with modifications) drove the creation of the post-
2865:
1768:
696:
302:
236:
5867:
Friedrich, Carl J. (1955). "The Political Thought of Neo-Liberalism".
5193:
Economy, politics and freedom: Freiburg economists and the resistance
4904:
4593:
3470:
3126:
2733:
Ordoliberal ideals became the foundation of the creation of the post-
366:
5998:
The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the College de France (1978–9)
5977:
The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the College de France (1978–9)
5882:
5631:
The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the College de France (1978–9)
5528:
5423:"The Historical Context of Ordoliberalism's Theoretical Development"
6171:
5589:. In Padgett, Stephen; Paterson, William E.; Smith, Gordon (eds.).
5271:"Neoliberalism: From New Liberal Philosophy to Anti-Liberal Slogan"
6188:
5425:. In Thomas Biebricher; Werner Bonefeld; Peter Nedergaard (eds.).
5313:
A Political Economy of Power: Ordoliberalism in Context, 1932-1950
5069:, which has often led to conflicts with other European countries.
3575:
2961:
1853:
5943:
Ordoliberalism: A New Intellectual Framework for Competition Law
5373:(ed.), Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon, Stichwort: Freiburger Schule (
4893:
considered ordoliberalism to be "liberal conservatism", against
4643:
3566:
3427:
6197:
6166:, German research institute in the tradition of ordoliberalism.
3101:, and insulated from political pressure by independent status.
5485:
2848:, and both separated the concepts and developed the new terms
3184:(although German network industries are known to have been
2718:
that emphasizes the need for government to ensure that the
5065:, ordoliberalism is central to the German approach to the
6185:
Back issues of ORDO Yearbook Vol. 1 - Vol. 65 (1948-2014)
6151:
5918:
Basic texts on the Freiburg tradition of order economics
5914:
Grundtexte zur Freiburger Tradition der Ordnungsökonomik
5651:"Freedom and the Strong State: On German Ordoliberalism"
2911:
is still published, and the Faculty of Economics at the
6073:
Germany's Social Market Economy: Origins and Evolution
5135:. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press. pp.
3172:, the ordoliberal social market model often combines
5482:
Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy
2864:
The theory was developed from about 1930 to 1950 by
6326:
5995:Foucault, Michel (2010). Senellart, Michael (ed.).
5974:Foucault, Michel (2010). Senellart, Michael (ed.).
5628:Foucault, Michel (2010). Senellart, Michael (ed.).
3215:Ordoliberals are also known for pursuing a minimum
995:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
5587:"Political Economy: The German Model under Stress"
2856:to distinguish neoliberalism and ordoliberalism.
5275:Studies in Comparative International Development
2954:, was a particular proponent of ordoliberalism.
3200:, in comparison to the ordoliberal's idea of a
2981:in 1956, while Erhard was Minister of Economics
6071:Peacock, Alan; Willgerodt, Hans, eds. (1989).
5920:] (in German). Mohr Siebeck. p. 128.
5705:
5703:
5195:] (in German). Mohr Siebeck. p. 315.
3016:, was a known Ordoliberal and adherent of the
2887:, Hans Grossmann-Doerth, and Leonhard Miksch.
6209:
6169:
5237:] (in German). Mohr Siebeck. p. 37.
4871:
2692:
1688:
1020:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
990:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
8:
6159:
6149:
5269:Boas, Taylor C.; Gans-Morse, Jordan (2009).
5058:
5052:
5036:
5028:
5020:
5012:
5004:
4996:
4965:
4949:
4941:
4923:
4908:
4815:
4801:
4700:
4648:
4613:
4604:
4578:
4544:
4535:
3652:
3618:
3573:
3564:
3550:
3531:
3491:
3482:
3468:
3027:
3021:
3009:
2997:
2974:
2966:
2924:
2916:
2880:
2827:
2815:
2807:
2784:
2776:
2742:
6152:Aktionsgemeinschaft Soziale Marktwirtschaft
4946:, "are the greatest concerns of our time".
4898:
2993:became known as the social market economy.
2822:, who is regarded as an ordoliberal today.
6216:
6202:
6194:
4878:
4864:
3257:
2931:are engaged in the ordoliberal tradition.
2699:
2685:
1706:
1695:
1681:
29:
5951:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244010.001.0001
5286:
3113:—is the domain of the government, whilst
3070:) power will emerge, which will not only
2802:Ordoliberals promoted the concept of the
2730:and did not advocate against one either.
1025:International Federation of Liberal Youth
5508:
5506:
5456:. Oxford University Press. p. 223.
4925:Das Versagen des Wirtschaftsliberalismus
3097:committed to monetary stability and low
5429:. Oxford University Press. p. 50.
5119:
3269:
1718:
1005:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
41:
5828:Greening EU Competition Law and Policy
5810:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5803:
2771:Ordoliberals separate themselves from
2726:potential but does not advocate for a
6031:European Council on Foreign Relations
5825:Kingston, Suzanne (27 October 2011).
5427:The Oxford Handbook of Ordoliberalism
4414:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
3964:Lectures on the Philosophy of History
7:
5343:. Berghahn Books. pp. 146–148.
5164:(in German). VS Verlag. p. 23.
2791:, founder of ordoliberalism and the
3954:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
3247:makes clear the links between this
1045:Liberal South East European Network
3223:. The ordoliberal emphasis on the
3160:government (especially during the
3093:should be the responsibility of a
3042:Ordoliberal theory holds that the
25:
6156:, German Ordoliberal association.
6090:Glossner, Christian, ed. (1989).
5870:American Political Science Review
5754:[Social market economy].
5592:Developments in German Politics 3
4422:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
3994:Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man
1035:Liberal Network for Latin America
468:(contributions to liberal theory)
6115:Journal of Common Market Studies
4964:, due to their inheritance from
4845:
4833:
3667:Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918
3279:
3217:configuration of vital resources
3054:. This is the foundation of its
3050:through measures that adhere to
2666:
2654:
1662:
1650:
49:
6050:from the original on 2016-10-24
5762:from the original on 2018-03-16
5689:from the original on 2022-12-15
5492:from the original on 2018-07-28
4972:. That is, both recognise the "
3231:and other public firms such as
2946:. Historical FDP party grandee
2836:Capitalisme Contre Capitalisme,
6172:Centro Studi Tocqueville-Acton
5450:Aurélie Dianara Andry (2022).
5067:European sovereign-debt crisis
4766:Die Freischwebende Intelligenz
4673:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
4499:German National People's Party
3944:Addresses to the German Nation
3156:advocated by the likes of the
3074:the advantages offered by the
2838:and in 2001 Peter A. Hall and
2722:produces results close to its
409:Separation of church and state
1:
4760:Criticism of multiculturalism
4538:Bibliothek des Konservatismus
2952:Federal Minister of Economics
2749:. The term "ordoliberalism" (
2458:Critique of political economy
2116:Critique of political economy
6226:Freiburg school of economics
5667:10.1080/13563467.2012.656082
5552:European Competition Journal
5337:Abelshauser, Werner (2005).
4044:The Concept of the Political
2871:and legal scholars from the
2508:Periodizations of capitalism
5516:Political Science Quarterly
5316:. Oxford University Press.
4940:and social justice", wrote
4755:Conservatism in Switzerland
4547:Desiderius-Erasmus-Stiftung
4437:Ecological Democratic Party
2204:Simple commodity production
27:German political philosophy
6418:
5833:Cambridge University Press
5185:Goldschmidt, Nils (2005).
4907:Order of Society", 1944).
4792:Philosophical anthropology
4607:Studienzentrum Weikersheim
4588:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
4581:Institut fĂĽr Staatspolitik
3154:third-way social democracy
3117:policy is the preserve of
2854:coordinated market economy
2767:Linguistic differentiation
2513:Perspectives on capitalism
6372:Economic policy in Europe
6233:
6170:
6160:
6150:
5945:. Oxfordscholarship.com.
5756:Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon
5752:"Soziale Marktwirtschaft"
5649:Bonefeld, Werner (2012).
5585:Padgett, Stephen (2003).
5421:William Callison (2022).
5394:Charlotte Galpin (2017).
5288:10.1007/s12116-009-9040-5
5059:
5053:
5037:
5029:
5021:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4966:
4950:
4942:
4909:
4574:Hans Filbinger Foundation
4554:Forum of German Catholics
4491:German Conservative Party
4406:BĂĽndnis Sahra Wagenknecht
4014:Prussianism and Socialism
3162:premiership of Tony Blair
3022:
3010:
2998:
2975:
2967:
2925:
2917:
2881:
2828:
2816:
2785:
2777:
2714:is the German variant of
1632:Sexually liberal feminism
1539:Bias in American academia
1010:European Democratic Party
466:List of liberal theorists
6387:Ideologies of capitalism
5400:. Springer. p. 83.
4782:Pan-European nationalism
4104:Germany Abolishes Itself
3261:This article is part of
3204:model being open to the
3147:laissez-faire liberalism
2927:Stiftung Ordnungspolitik
2810:Colloque Walter Lippmann
1784:Economic interventionism
291:Labor theory of property
5310:Fèvre, Raphaël (2021).
4932:and valued the idea of
4840:Conservatism portal
4750:Conservatism in Austria
4691:SĂĽddeutsche Monatshefte
4569:Hanns Seidel Foundation
4559:Gerhard Löwenthal Prize
4483:Free Conservative Party
4470:Bavarian People's Party
4445:Family Party of Germany
4390:Alternative for Germany
4004:The Decline of the West
3272:Conservatism in Germany
3137:. It is also seen as a
3034:, or economic miracle.
2845:Varieties of Capitalism
2453:Criticism of capitalism
1000:Arab Liberal Federation
190:Consent of the governed
6162:Walter Eucken Institut
6094:. London: I.B.Tauris.
5227:Gerken, LĂĽder (2000).
4985:logic of contradiction
4924:
4899:
4816:
4802:
4701:
4649:
4614:
4605:
4579:
4545:
4536:
3653:
3619:
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3492:
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3469:
3111:government expenditure
3028:
2982:
2919:Walter Eucken Institut
2913:University of Freiburg
2850:liberal market economy
2808:
2754:
2743:
2483:Exploitation of labour
2194:Primitive accumulation
1015:European Liberal Youth
985:Africa Liberal Network
210:Economic globalization
6328:Ordoliberal economics
6258:Edith Eucken-Erdsieck
6180:ORDO official website
6075:. London: Macmillan.
5655:New Political Economy
5597:Duke University Press
5109:Social market economy
5079:Allocative efficiency
4811:Theory of generations
4777:Liberalism in Germany
4564:German Burschenschaft
4515:German People's Party
3800:Moeller van den Bruck
3546:Social market economy
3253:social market economy
3245:regulative principles
3237:wealth redistribution
3006:Minister of Economics
2965:
2936:Free Democratic Party
2804:social market economy
2739:social market economy
2661:Capitalism portal
2473:Culture of capitalism
2428:Capitalist propaganda
2184:Industrial Revolution
2174:Commercial Revolution
1657:Liberalism portal
1529:Anti-authoritarianism
1030:Liberal International
6397:Political ideologies
6336:Alfred MĂĽller-Armack
6298:Karl-Friedrich Maier
6273:Hans GroĂźmann-Doerth
6016:Dullien, Sebastian;
5564:10.5235/ecj.v6n3.689
5094:Liberal conservatism
4094:Moral und Hypermoral
4074:Fascism in Its Epoch
4054:On the Marble Cliffs
3648:German reunification
3628:German Confederation
3221:progressive taxation
2989:. Ordoliberalism in
2948:Otto Graf Lambsdorff
2636:Right-libertarianism
2566:Classical liberalism
2533:Venture philanthropy
2169:Capitalism and Islam
2164:Age of Enlightenment
1759:Capital accumulation
461:Age of Enlightenment
414:Separation of powers
6367:Economic liberalism
6313:Bernd RaffelhĂĽschen
6005:. pp. 103–105.
5160:Ptak, Ralf (2004).
4734:Böckenförde dilemma
4616:Tradition und Leben
4600:Queen Louise League
4398:BĂĽndnis Deutschland
4024:Ideology and Utopia
3601:Anti-Socialist Laws
3301:Christian democracy
3004:. His government's
2716:economic liberalism
2673:Business portal
1789:Economic liberalism
1779:Competitive markets
1669:Politics portal
372:Civil and political
345:Popular sovereignty
205:Economic liberalism
6377:Economy of Germany
6128:10.1111/jcms.12249
6003:Palgrave MacMillan
5982:Palgrave MacMillan
5941:OSO (1999-02-22).
5638:. pp. 107–10.
5636:Palgrave MacMillan
5380:2012-10-25 at the
4930:classical liberals
4852:Germany portal
4804:Stahlhelm-Fraktion
4740:European New Right
4668:Deutsche Rundschau
4478:Conservative Party
3770:JĂĽnger (Friedrich)
3522:Political theology
3180:to establish fair
3174:private enterprise
2983:
2773:classical liberals
2741:and its attendant
2433:Capitalist realism
1824:Goods and services
1804:Fictitious capital
340:Permissive society
320:Limited government
6354:
6353:
6288:Wolfgang Kitterer
6243:Juergen B. Donges
6110:Nedergaard, Peter
6101:978-1-780-76421-4
6082:978-0-333-48563-7
6040:978-1-906538-49-1
5927:978-3-16-148297-7
5323:978-0-19-760780-0
5244:978-3-16-147503-0
5202:978-3-16-148520-6
5171:978-3-8100-4111-1
5146:978-0-674-03318-4
5054:Sebastian Dullien
4981:capitalist system
4888:
4887:
4772:German militarism
4064:The Questionnaire
3677:Völkisch movement
3398:Historical School
3393:Right-Hegelianism
3233:telecommunication
3052:market principles
3030:Wirtschaftswunder
2892:World War II
2745:Wirtschaftswunder
2709:
2708:
2528:Spontaneous order
2498:History of theory
2141:New institutional
2111:Market monetarism
2046:Economic theories
1879:Supply and demand
1814:Free price system
1705:
1704:
1544:Bias in the media
1060:Regional variants
377:Natural and legal
16:(Redirected from
6409:
6346:Alexander RĂĽstow
6318:Hans-Werner Sinn
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5798:
5792:
5786:. Archived from
5785:
5777:
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5742:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5732:
5726:, archived from
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5436:978-01-9260543-6
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5407:978-33-1951611-0
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4955:
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4927:
4915:also criticized
4914:
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4911:Alexander RĂĽstow
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3984:Das Ressentiment
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3840:Ritter (Joachim)
3835:Ritter (Gerhard)
3672:Oster conspiracy
3658:
3655:Historikerstreit
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3606:Carlsbad Decrees
3579:
3570:
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3541:Social hierarchy
3537:
3527:Prussian virtues
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3423:Christian values
3283:
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3194:social democracy
3192:. The third way
3176:with government
3135:Soviet socialism
3033:
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3024:
3015:
3014:
3003:
3002:
2980:
2979:
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2971:
2950:, who served as
2944:Alexander RĂĽstow
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2885:
2833:
2832:
2821:
2820:
2818:Alexander RĂĽstow
2813:
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2789:
2782:
2781:
2755:Ordoliberalismus
2748:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2671:
2670:
2659:
2658:
2463:Critique of work
2438:Capitalist state
2121:Critique of work
2004:Regulated market
1906:Economic systems
1859:Private property
1809:Financial market
1799:Entrepreneurship
1794:Economic surplus
1707:
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1667:
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1573:Economic freedom
1566:Radical centrism
404:Secular humanism
330:Natural monopoly
281:Internationalism
98:Internationalist
53:
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6410:
6408:
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6382:Freiburg School
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6308:Leonhard Miksch
6263:Andreas Freytag
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6065:Further reading
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5781:"Archived copy"
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5733:on 9 March 2013
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5382:Wayback Machine
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4983:, but not the "
4962:critical theory
4952:Michel Foucault
4938:Social security
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3091:Monetary policy
3080:political power
3040:
3018:Freiburg School
3000:Konrad Adenauer
2977:Konrad Adenauer
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2896:competition law
2873:Freiburg School
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2793:Freiburg School
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429:Social services
419:Social contract
382:To own property
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6144:External links
6142:
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6122:(5): 1094–09.
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6018:Guérot, Ulrike
6008:
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5984:. p. 105.
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5711:Siebert, Horst
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5661:(5): 633–656.
5641:
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5610:978-0822332664
5609:
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5558:(3): 689–707.
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4010:
4000:
3990:
3980:
3970:
3960:
3950:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3915:von Treitschke
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:JĂĽnger (Ernst)
3762:
3757:
3755:von Hildebrand
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3630:
3625:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3557:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3475:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3266:
3249:economic model
3210:social welfare
3115:macro-economic
3076:market economy
3039:
3036:
2959:
2958:Implementation
2956:
2861:
2858:
2768:
2765:
2712:Ordoliberalism
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2626:Ordoliberalism
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:Market economy
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:Related topics
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2287:State monopoly
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:Liberalization
1841:
1836:
1834:Invisible hand
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1749:Businessperson
1746:
1744:Business cycle
1741:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:Utilitarianism
1634:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1610:Libertarianism
1607:
1605:Land value tax
1602:
1601:
1600:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1578:Egalitarianism
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:Anti-communism
1531:
1525:
1523:Related topics
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1477:Arizona School
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1445:United Kingdom
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
981:
980:
979:
976:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
572:Wollstonecraft
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
483:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
463:
457:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
437:
436:
431:
424:Social justice
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
364:
363:
362:
357:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
325:Market economy
322:
317:
316:
315:
310:
300:
293:
288:
286:Invisible hand
283:
278:
276:Harm principle
273:
272:
271:
266:
261:
256:
255:
254:
249:
234:
229:
228:
227:
222:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
153:
152:
147:
142:
141:
140:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
89:
88:
78:
73:
68:
62:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6414:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6341:Wilhelm Röpke
6339:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6268:Hans Gestrich
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6253:Walter Eucken
6251:
6249:
6248:Ludwig Erhard
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6219:
6214:
6212:
6207:
6205:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6190:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6074:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6046:
6042:
6036:
6032:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6012:
6009:
6004:
6000:
5999:
5991:
5988:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5970:
5967:
5962:
5960:9780199244010
5956:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5937:
5934:
5929:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5908:
5905:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5877:(2): 509–25.
5876:
5872:
5871:
5863:
5860:
5855:
5844:
5842:9781139502788
5838:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5821:
5818:
5813:
5807:
5793:on 2013-12-03
5789:
5782:
5776:
5773:
5761:
5758:(in German).
5757:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5645:
5642:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5624:
5621:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5581:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5546:
5543:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5523:(3): 422–42.
5522:
5518:
5517:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5465:
5463:9780192867094
5459:
5455:
5454:
5446:
5443:
5438:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5417:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5371:Gabler Verlag
5367:
5364:
5352:
5350:9781782387992
5346:
5342:
5341:
5333:
5330:
5325:
5319:
5315:
5314:
5306:
5303:
5298:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5281:(2): 137–61.
5280:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5262:
5257:
5246:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5223:
5220:
5215:
5204:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5181:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5163:
5156:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5138:
5133:
5132:
5123:
5120:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:Neoliberalism
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5062:
5061:Ulrike Guérot
5051:According to
5046:
5044:
5040:
5032:
5024:
5016:
5008:
5000:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4947:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4918:
4917:laissez-faire
4912:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4892:
4891:Wilhelm Röpke
4881:
4876:
4874:
4869:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4787:Pan-Germanism
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4530:Organizations
4527:
4526:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4505:
4500:
4497:
4492:
4489:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4404:
4399:
4396:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4378:
4377:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Strauss (Leo)
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3689:Intellectuals
3686:
3685:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3641:German Empire
3639:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:In Treue fest
3481:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3464:Germanisation
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:Revolutionary
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:Paternalistic
3345:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3316:Ritter School
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3225:privatization
3222:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3202:social market
3199:
3198:welfare state
3195:
3191:
3190:deregulations
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3103:Fiscal policy
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3019:
3013:
3012:Ludwig Erhard
3007:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2970:
2969:Ludwig Erhard
2964:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2940:Wilhelm Röpke
2937:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2877:Walter Eucken
2874:
2870:
2867:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2840:David Soskice
2837:
2831:
2830:Michel Albert
2823:
2819:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2797:neoliberalism
2794:
2788:
2780:
2779:Walter Eucken
2774:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2728:welfare state
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Neoliberalism
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:Authoritarian
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Globalization
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Crisis theory
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:Intellectuals
2301:
2300:
2293:
2292:Technological
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Institutional
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1943:Laissez-faire
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:Authoritarian
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Surplus value
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Privatization
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
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1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
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1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1725:
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1713:
1709:
1708:
1698:
1693:
1691:
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1684:
1679:
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1665:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:Individualism
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1472:United States
1470:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
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1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Latin America
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
977:Organizations
974:
973:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
756:
755:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
481:
476:
475:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
455:
450:
449:
442:
439:
435:
434:Welfare state
432:
430:
427:
426:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
365:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
299:
298:
297:Laissez-faire
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
243:
240:
239:
238:
235:
233:
230:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
187:
181:
180:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
151:
148:
146:
143:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
6327:
6119:
6113:
6091:
6072:
6052:. Retrieved
6022:
6011:
5997:
5990:
5976:
5969:
5942:
5936:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5854:Google Books
5852:– via
5846:. Retrieved
5827:
5820:
5795:. Retrieved
5788:the original
5775:
5764:. Retrieved
5755:
5746:
5735:, retrieved
5728:the original
5722:
5691:. Retrieved
5658:
5654:
5644:
5630:
5623:
5615:Google Books
5613:– via
5591:
5580:
5555:
5551:
5545:
5520:
5514:
5494:. Retrieved
5481:
5472:
5452:
5445:
5426:
5416:
5396:
5389:
5366:
5354:. Retrieved
5339:
5332:
5312:
5305:
5278:
5274:
5264:
5256:Google Books
5254:– via
5248:. Retrieved
5234:
5229:
5222:
5214:Google Books
5212:– via
5206:. Retrieved
5192:
5187:
5180:
5161:
5155:
5130:
5122:
5050:
4948:
4922:in his work
4897:in his work
4889:
4818:Ăśberfremdung
4764:
4732:
4683:Kreuzzeitung
4592:
4507:German Party
4463:
4462:
4432:Centre Party
4384:
4256:von Radowitz
4199:von Bismarck
4130:Commentators
4112:
4102:
4092:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4052:
4042:
4032:
4022:
4012:
4008:(1918, 1922)
4002:
3992:
3982:
3974:Degeneration
3972:
3962:
3952:
3942:
3695:Benedict XVI
3634:
3611:
3596:20 July plot
3560:Subsidiarity
3534:Sittlichkeit
3456:
3451:Gemeinschaft
3450:
3364:Cameralistic
3333:
3310:
3241:minimum wage
3214:
3151:
3143:collectivism
3131:Keynesianism
3123:trade unions
3095:central bank
3084:
3041:
2995:
2987:West Germany
2984:
2933:
2906:
2904:
2889:
2863:
2843:
2835:
2824:
2801:
2770:
2758:
2735:World War II
2732:
2711:
2710:
2625:
2538:Wage slavery
2478:Evergreening
2189:Mercantilism
2136:Neoclassical
1964:Mercantilist
1941:
1874:Rent seeking
1839:Visible hand
1627:Pirate Party
1487:Jeffersonian
1395:South Africa
885:Lloyd George
480:Philosophers
387:To bear arms
335:Open society
295:
117:
71:Conservative
6278:Paul Hensel
5599:. pp.
4977:rationality
4797:Remigration
4450:Free Voters
4364:Wackenroder
4349:von Savigny
4334:Böckenförde
4306:von Westarp
4209:von Gerlach
4183:Politicians
3855:von Salomon
3662:The Junkers
3501:Medievalism
3478:Imperialism
3443:Meritocracy
3438:Aristocracy
3388:Romanticism
3359:Prussianism
3342:Neue Rechte
3328:Nationalist
3186:deregulated
3182:competition
3107:tax revenue
3105:—balancing
3048:competition
2900:corporatism
2860:Development
2795:, rejected
2724:theoretical
2720:free market
2621:Objectivism
2606:Libertarian
2523:Speculation
2443:Consumerism
2277:Progressive
2216:Development
2199:Physiocracy
2146:Supply-side
1954:Libertarian
1932:Free-market
1912:Anglo-Saxon
1894:Wage labour
1849:Marginalism
1819:Free market
1774:Corporation
1455:Gladstonian
1415:Switzerland
1400:South Korea
1343:Philippines
1303:New Zealand
1298:Netherlands
955:Verhofstadt
950:Balcerowicz
759:Politicians
687:Collingwood
627:Tocqueville
502:Montesquieu
394:Rule of law
195:Due process
18:Ordoliberal
6392:Liberalism
6361:Categories
6238:Franz Böhm
6054:2012-04-10
6029:. London:
5797:2012-11-09
5766:2013-08-01
5737:9 November
5693:2022-12-15
5496:2017-09-07
5115:References
4974:irrational
4920:capitalism
4895:capitalism
4696:Der TĂĽrmer
4339:von Gierke
4311:Wilhelm II
4286:von Storch
4271:Stresemann
4261:Rauschning
4204:Fehrenbach
4136:Kubitschek
3937:Literature
3885:Sloterdijk
3576:Volksgeist
3517:Patriotism
3511:Organicism
3506:Monarchism
3458:Geopolitik
3412:Principles
3323:Monarchism
3290:Ideologies
3235:services;
3178:regulation
3170:capitalism
3158:New Labour
3056:legitimacy
2934:Germany's
2883:Franz Böhm
2875:, such as
2869:economists
2842:published
2834:published
2787:Franz Böhm
2775:. Notably
2601:Liberalism
2586:Humanistic
2571:Democratic
2550:Ideologies
2385:Schumpeter
2131:Monetarist
2062:Chartalism
2009:Regulatory
1984:Neoliberal
1937:Humanistic
1720:Capitalism
1583:Empiricism
1554:Democratic
1549:Capitalism
1460:Manchester
1293:Montenegro
1278:Luxembourg
1214:Venizelism
1144:Costa Rica
399:Secularism
232:Federalism
184:Principles
43:Liberalism
6136:143248038
5899:145643424
5683:154374055
5675:1469-9923
5572:154973650
5356:9 October
5297:0039-3606
5084:Dirigisme
5047:Criticism
4993:Aristotle
4979:" of the
4968:Max Weber
4686:(Defunct)
4639:(Defunct)
4276:vom Stein
4246:von Papen
4220:Hugenberg
4215:Goerdeler
4146:Safranski
3905:Steinbuch
3830:von Ranke
3780:Koselleck
3745:Heidegger
3715:von Galen
3621:Freikorps
3612:Erklärung
3553:Sonderweg
3418:Authority
3369:Socialist
3166:socialism
3139:third way
3119:employers
3099:inflation
3068:oligopoly
2641:Third Way
2631:Privatism
2591:Inclusive
2576:Dirigisme
2370:von Mises
2257:Illiberal
2237:Corporate
2232:Community
2179:Feudalism
2089:Keynesian
2079:Classical
1922:Corporate
1734:Austerity
1598:Anarchist
1506:Venezuela
1482:Classical
1450:Cobdenism
1353:Cracovian
1308:Nicaragua
1273:Lithuania
1132:Hong Kong
1087:Australia
925:Roosevelt
895:StĂĄhlberg
890:Venizelos
845:Sarmiento
835:Gladstone
795:Lamartine
765:Jefferson
617:Martineau
567:De Gouges
552:Condorcet
537:Priestley
200:Democracy
172:Third Way
133:Christian
128:Religious
66:Classical
6045:Archived
6020:(2012).
5848:1 August
5806:cite web
5760:Archived
5687:Archived
5490:Archived
5488:. 2002.
5378:Archived
5073:See also
5023:Mannheim
5015:Spengler
4710:Die Welt
4281:Stoecker
4194:Ancillon
4189:Adenauer
4171:WeiĂźmann
4151:Sarrazin
3920:Voegelin
3895:Spengler
3890:Spaemann
3880:Sieferle
3870:Schlegel
3865:Schelsky
3825:Plessner
3725:Gogarten
3334:Völkisch
3296:Agrarian
3263:a series
3251:and the
3243:laws as
3206:benefits
3141:between
3109:against
3064:monopoly
3023:Adenauer
3020:. Under
2923:and the
2468:Cronyism
2380:Rothbard
2355:Marshall
2340:Friedman
2272:Merchant
2227:Consumer
2222:Advanced
2057:Austrian
2052:American
1979:National
1974:Monopoly
1927:Dirigist
1829:Investor
1739:Business
1728:Concepts
1712:a series
1710:Part of
1588:Humanism
1561:Centrism
1511:Zimbabwe
1465:Whiggism
1425:Thailand
1390:Slovenia
1385:Slovakia
1360:Portugal
1333:Paraguay
1256:Liberism
1221:Honduras
1139:Colombia
1112:Bulgaria
905:Rathenau
880:Milyukov
800:Macaulay
770:Kołłątaj
742:Kymlicka
722:Friedman
667:Cassirer
657:Hobhouse
592:Constant
587:Humboldt
547:Beccaria
512:Rousseau
507:Voltaire
350:Property
313:Positive
308:Negative
264:Religion
242:Economic
215:Equality
138:Catholic
108:National
103:Muscular
81:Feminist
76:Cultural
35:a series
33:Part of
5891:1951819
5537:2147878
5250:21 July
5208:21 July
5039:Husserl
4987:" that
4663:COMPACT
4636:Antaios
4464:Defunct
4381:Parties
4369:Wagener
4354:Schmitt
4328:Jurists
4296:Wagener
4291:Strauss
4166:StĂĽrmer
3910:Tönnies
3875:Schmitt
3860:Scheler
3815:Novalis
3710:Gadamer
3633:German
3590:History
3433:Elitism
3306:Liberal
3072:subvert
2991:Germany
2783:, with
2737:German
2596:Liberal
2556:Anarcho
2493:History
2325:Malthus
2320:Ricardo
2282:Rentier
2267:Marxist
2247:Finance
2158:Origins
2126:Marxist
2074:Chicago
2034:Welfare
1994:Private
1949:Liberal
1769:Company
1754:Capital
1501:Uruguay
1440:Ukraine
1430:Tunisia
1375:Senegal
1365:Romania
1313:Nigeria
1288:Moldova
1231:Iceland
1226:Hungary
1204:Germany
1199:Georgia
1189:Finland
1184:Estonia
1174:Ecuador
1169:Denmark
1164:Czechia
1149:Croatia
1102:Bolivia
1097:Belgium
1092:Austria
1082:Armenia
1077:Albania
945:Jenkins
940:Kennedy
930:Pearson
915:Einaudi
900:Gokhale
860:Itagaki
855:Naoroji
850:Mommsen
830:Lincoln
820:Mazzini
805:Kossuth
790:Broglie
785:BolĂvar
780:Artigas
775:Madison
637:Spencer
622:Emerson
612:Bastiat
597:Ricardo
557:Bentham
497:Spinoza
454:History
355:Private
303:Liberty
237:Freedom
157:Secular
145:Islamic
123:Radical
60:Schools
6134:
6098:
6079:
6037:
5957:
5924:
5897:
5889:
5839:
5681:
5673:
5607:
5601:126–27
5570:
5535:
5460:
5433:
5404:
5375:online
5347:
5320:
5295:
5241:
5199:
5168:
5143:
5035:, and
4943:Eucken
4905:Humane
4658:Cicero
4594:PEGIDA
4502:(DNVP)
4385:Active
4316:Winnig
4301:Weidel
4229:
4213:
4118:(2017)
4108:(2010)
4098:(1969)
4088:(1966)
4078:(1963)
4068:(1951)
4058:(1939)
4048:(1932)
4038:(1931)
4028:(1929)
4018:(1919)
3998:(1918)
3988:(1913)
3978:(1892)
3968:(1837)
3958:(1820)
3948:(1806)
3850:RĂĽstow
3820:Pieper
3805:MĂĽller
3785:Löwith
3775:Klages
3750:Herder
3735:Hamann
3730:Görres
3720:Gehlen
3705:Freyer
3700:BlĂĽher
3515:
3494:Kultur
3471:Heimat
3133:, and
3127:Nazism
3038:Theory
2866:German
2751:German
2395:Weaver
2390:Veblen
2365:Walras
2360:Pareto
2350:Keynes
2252:Global
2019:Social
1989:Nordic
1959:Market
1869:Profit
1494:Modern
1435:Turkey
1420:Taiwan
1410:Sweden
1380:Serbia
1370:Russia
1348:Poland
1328:Panama
1323:Norway
1283:Mexico
1268:Latvia
1246:Israel
1209:Greece
1194:France
1159:Cyprus
1117:Canada
1107:Brazil
1067:Europe
965:Macron
910:Madero
875:Deakin
865:Levski
840:Cavour
825:Juárez
815:Cobden
747:Badawi
737:Nozick
717:Berlin
707:Popper
682:Keynes
677:Ortega
642:Arnold
602:Guizot
562:Korais
527:Turgot
487:Milton
367:Rights
360:Public
269:Speech
247:Market
220:Gender
167:Techno
162:Social
150:Jewish
86:Equity
6189:JSTOR
6132:S2CID
6048:(PDF)
6027:(PDF)
5916:[
5895:S2CID
5887:JSTOR
5791:(PDF)
5784:(PDF)
5731:(PDF)
5718:(PDF)
5679:S2CID
5568:S2CID
5533:JSTOR
5233:[
5191:[
5139:–25.
5031:Weber
5007:Hegel
4630:Media
4518:(DVP)
4494:(DkP)
4486:(FKP)
4473:(BVP)
4458:(REP)
4440:(Ă–DP)
4425:(CSU)
4417:(CDU)
4409:(BSW)
4393:(AFD)
4359:Stahl
4344:Möser
4251:Petry
4156:Stein
3925:Weber
3845:Röpke
3810:Nolte
3790:LĂĽbbe
3760:Hoppe
3740:Hegel
3635:Reich
3381:Young
3087:labor
3062:with
3060:firms
3044:state
2973:with
2405:Coase
2400:Weber
2345:Hayek
2310:Smith
2242:Crony
2104:Post-
2024:State
2014:Rhine
1969:Mixed
1889:Value
1854:Money
1620:Right
1405:Spain
1263:Japan
1251:Italy
1236:India
1179:Egypt
1127:China
1122:Chile
960:Obama
935:Ohlin
870:Kemal
727:Rawls
702:Hayek
692:ÄŚapek
672:Mises
662:Croce
652:Weber
647:Acton
577:Staël
542:Paine
532:Burke
517:Smith
492:Locke
259:Press
252:Trade
225:Legal
93:Green
6187:via
6096:ISBN
6077:ISBN
6035:ISBN
5955:ISBN
5922:ISBN
5850:2013
5837:ISBN
5812:link
5739:2012
5671:ISSN
5605:ISBN
5458:ISBN
5431:ISBN
5402:ISBN
5358:2018
5345:ISBN
5318:ISBN
5293:ISSN
5252:2013
5239:ISBN
5210:2013
5197:ISBN
5166:ISBN
5141:ISBN
5057:and
4989:Marx
4903:("A
4651:Cato
4644:Bild
4510:(DP)
4401:(BD)
4241:Merz
4236:Krah
4231:Kohl
4225:Jung
4141:Kuby
4084:Envy
3795:Mann
3614:2018
3567:Volk
3428:Duty
3311:Ordo
3239:and
3219:and
3168:and
3145:and
3121:and
3066:(or
2942:and
2908:ORDO
2852:and
2760:ORDO
2375:Rand
2335:Marx
2315:Mill
2262:Late
2094:Neo-
1615:Left
1338:Peru
1241:Iran
1154:Cuba
920:King
810:Deák
712:Aron
632:Mill
607:List
522:Kant
118:Ordo
6124:doi
5947:doi
5879:doi
5663:doi
5560:doi
5525:doi
5486:PBS
5283:doi
5137:124
4960:of
4936:. "
3227:of
3208:of
2814:by
2611:Neo
2581:Eco
2330:Say
2099:New
2067:MMT
1999:Raw
732:Sen
582:Say
113:Neo
6363::
6130:.
6120:53
6118:.
6043:.
6033:.
5953:.
5893:.
5885:.
5875:49
5873:.
5835:.
5831:.
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5804:{{
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5669:.
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5653:.
5603:.
5595:.
5566:.
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5531:.
5521:85
5519:.
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5484:.
5480:.
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5277:.
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5019:,
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