Knowledge (XXG)

Order of battle

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too many subunits makes the 'power of the superior will' weak; and in addition every step by which an order has to pass weakens its effect by loss of force and longer time of transmission. Clausewitz recommended that armies have no more than eight to ten subunits and subordinate corps four to six subunits.
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Normally these tactics are exercised in peace and cannot be essentially modified when war breaks out. Order of battle belongs more to tactics than strategy. Clausewitz also noted that the order of battle depends on the effective span of control by a commander. Too few subunits makes an army unwieldy;
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Up until the end of the Cold War, determining realistic orders of battle was generally an orderly but extremely frustrating process for NATO. The intelligence situation for Western militaries has since been exacerbated as they continue to become engaged in operations against non-traditional enemies
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British military history is the source of some of the earliest orders of battle in the English language, and due to the British Empire's involvement in global conflicts over several centuries the records of historical orders of battle provide a valuable source of study for understanding not only of
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defined the 'order of battle' as "that division and formation of the different arms into separate parts, or sections, of the whole Army, and that form of general position or disposition of those parts which is to be the norm throughout the whole campaign or war."
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As combat operations develop during a campaign, orders of battle may be revised and altered in response to the military needs and challenges. Also the known details of an order of battle may change during the course of executing the commanders'
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also instituted the staff procedure of maintaining accurate information about the composition of the enemy order of battle, and tables of organisation, and this later evolved into an important function and an organisational tool used by
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of its armed force. Historically, an order of battle was the order in which troops were positioned relative to the position of the army commander or the chronological order in which ships were deployed in naval situations.
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Division comes from the permanent peacetime organization of the Army, with certain parts such as battalions, squadrons, and batteries being formed into units of higher order up to the highest of all, the whole
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period of European warfare, an order of battle was the order in which troops were positioned relative to the position of the army commander. The term was also applied to the disposition of ships in the
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the meaning of the order of battle changed yet again to reflect the changes in the composition of opposing forces during the battle owing to use of larger formations than in the previous century.
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becomes very difficult; the equivalent military intelligence output requiring an increase in acquired data and analysis effort to provide an accurate and timely picture to the commander.
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The United States military's intelligence capabilities in the 21st century have allowed for monitoring even further than two echelons down the
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A general rule in American military doctrine is that each unit should keep track of enemy subunits two echelons below its own: that is, a
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Enemy's Composition, Disposition, Strength (often mnemonicized with SALUTE: Size, Activity, Location, Unit, Time, Equipment):
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the composition, but also of tactics and doctrines of the forces through their depiction in the orders of battle. The
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the order of battle came to mean the order in which the units manoeuvered or deployed onto the battlefield to form
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Enemy capabilities and limitations (often mnemonicized with DRAWD: Defend, Reinforce, Attack, Withdraw, Delay):
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should monitor enemy units confronting it down to the battalion, a brigade should monitor enemy units down to
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Personalities (known enemy personnel and their behaviour, often based on communications intelligence analysis)
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From such intelligence data, the OOB section staff compiles a likely order of battle for a
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Disposition comes from the tactics and how these troops are to be drawn up for the battle.
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participating in a military operation or campaign shows the hierarchical organization,
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Electronic Technical Data used to provide data for the combat modelling applications
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Composition: the command structure and organisation of headquarters and subunits
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Strength expressed in units and weight of fire delivered by its weapon systems
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Unit history used to judge expected performance based on its past performance
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Disposition: geographical locations of unit headquarters and subunits
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Miscellaneous data related to specific task, mission or operations
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World War II Armed Forces — Orders of Battle and Organizations
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Uniforms and insignia to enable confirmation of the above data
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to describe the structure of both friendly and enemy forces.
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Carl von Clausewitz, J. J. Graham, Jan Willem Honig.
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and/or other accounting methods (e.g. despatches) as
2196:US 1st Infantry Division ORBAT during World War I 2539:Netherlands Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1985 2311:Enemy's Most Likely Course of Action (EMLCOA): 2290:: how the enemy unit obtains its supplies and 2147:, part of the British deception plan for the 2080:Order of battle for the Swedish Army in 1676. 2012: 8: 2392:, etc.) and compiling orders of battle for 2019: 2005: 29: 2372:provides a more complete picture of the 2121:to analyse enemy capability for combat. 2047:. An order of battle is distinct from a 983:List of military strategies and concepts 2529:Ancient and historical Orders of Battle 2468: 37: 27:Organized description of an armed force 2345:US 1st Infantry Division ORBAT in 1989 2215:is typically the responsibility of a 7: 2520:Iraq War - US Forces Order of Battle 2256:by assessing the following factors: 2296:Combat Effectiveness using complex 2223:commander, conducted through their 2510:Worldwide military aviation OrBats 25: 2084:In its original form during the 57: 2515:US Armed Forces Order of Battle 1: 2420:. Other examples include the 2302:combat modelling applications 2205:standing operating procedures 2228:S-2 (intelligence) sections 2125:British historical approach 1476:Military–industrial complex 955:Operational manoeuvre group 2580: 2534:NATO Order of Battle, 1989 2446:Electronic order of battle 2380:and tactical commanders. 1540:Loss-of-strength gradient 397:Combat information center 2475:Clausewitz, pp. 272-276. 2457:List of orders of battle 2404:An example of ORBATs in 1858:Military science fiction 1343:Technology and equipment 764:List of military tactics 1926:Wartime sexual violence 1682:Full-spectrum dominance 1493:Supply-chain management 2346: 2319:used by the enemy unit 2292:lines of communication 2197: 2134:and UK forces use the 2081: 1838:Awards and decorations 1811:Peace through strength 1786:Low-intensity conflict 1420:Conscientious objector 1293:Area of responsibility 2564:Military intelligence 2370:situational awareness 2344: 2195: 2159:instead of Normandy. 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1249: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1237: 1236: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1098:Broken-backed 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 985: 984: 979: 974: 973: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 940:Expeditionary 938: 936: 935: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 917: 912: 911: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 872: 869: 868: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 811:Counterattack 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 776: 775: 772: 770: 767: 766: 765: 760: 755: 754: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 736:Psychological 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 672:Combined arms 670: 668: 665: 661: 658: 656: 653: 652: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 617: 614: 609: 608: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 584: 581: 580: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 550: 549: 546: 545: 537: 534: 533: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 511:Fortification 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 497: 494: 493: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 471: 470: 467: 462: 461: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 435: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 374: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 332: 329: 327: 326:Landing craft 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 277: 274: 273: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 258: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 220: 216: 212: 211:Standing army 209: 207: 204: 202: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 144: 141: 136: 135: 126: 123: 121: 118: 117: 116: 113: 109: 106: 104: 103:pike and shot 101: 100: 99: 96: 92: 89: 88: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 73: 70: 65: 64: 60: 56: 55: 49: 41: 36: 32: 31: 19: 2489: 2471: 2403: 2382: 2363: 2348: 2310: 2309: 2275: 2274: 2259: 2258: 2247: 2225:Headquarters 2199: 2182: 2166: 2153:World War II 2143: 2138: 2132:British Army 2128: 2107: 2103:battle-lines 2083: 2058: 2032: 2030: 1931:Fifth column 1911:War resister 1906:Women in war 1801:Peacekeeping 1746:Arms control 1691: 1380:Mobilization 1375:Conscription 1333:Intelligence 1286:Organization 932: 861:Encirclement 741:Radiological 677:Conventional 531:Subterranean 438:Development: 437: 414: 376: 338: 301:Naval units: 300: 293:Signal corps 260: 238:Intelligence 223:Specialties: 222: 147:Organization 98:Early modern 2432:during the 2426:Vietnam War 2424:during the 2416:during the 2374:battlespace 2245:squadrons. 2108:During the 2095:age of sail 2093:during the 2037:armed force 1916:War studies 1739:Non-warfare 1667:Appeasement 1632:Martial law 1471:War economy 1410:Transgender 1363:Recruitment 1123:Containment 1008:Culminating 916:Operational 836:Envelopment 779:Air assault 660:Air cavalry 620:Air defence 600:Information 501:Cold-region 466:Battlespace 415:Historical: 261:Land units: 187:Space force 182:Coast guard 115:Late modern 76:Prehistoric 2553:Categories 2463:References 2390:guerrillas 2386:insurgents 2298:algorithms 2281:Personnel 2168:Clausewitz 2163:Clausewitz 1976:War crimes 1966:Operations 1873:Foot drill 1843:Battle cry 1756:deterrence 1415:Harassment 1390:Specialism 1213:Technology 1208:Succession 1153:Liberation 1088:Asymmetric 1023:Empty fort 934:Blitzkrieg 903:Withdrawal 866:Investment 645:Camouflage 640:Biological 578:Underwater 553:Amphibious 472:Aerospace 339:Air units: 316:Submarines 125:fourth-gen 120:industrial 108:napoleonic 2376:for both 2355:companies 2288:Logistics 2217:battalion 2213:maneuvers 1863:War novel 1766:Grey-zone 1726:War games 1687:Overmatch 1637:War crime 1587:Desertion 1577:Ceasefire 1572:Armistice 1459:Logistics 1437:Mercenary 1425:Volunteer 1356:Personnel 1328:Engineers 1273:Sociology 1228:World war 1223:Total war 1203:Strategic 1193:Religious 1178:Political 1173:Perpetual 1148:Irregular 1063:Offensive 1038:Defensive 1033:Deception 993:Attrition 846:Guerrilla 841:Formation 784:Airbridge 716:Loitering 630:Artillery 283:Artillery 233:Engineers 201:Irregular 172:Air force 2440:See also 2434:Iraq War 2428:and the 2400:Examples 2359:platoons 2351:division 2283:training 2114:Napoleon 2086:Medieval 1878:War song 1853:War film 1486:Materiel 1405:Children 1385:Training 1323:Medicine 1308:Doctrine 1263:Training 1198:Resource 1183:Princely 1133:Economic 1118:Conquest 1113:Colonial 1108:Cold war 1093:Blockade 978:Strategy 950:Maneuver 711:Infantry 667:Chemical 521:Mountain 481:Airborne 344:Fighters 311:Warships 266:Infantry 192:Reserves 140:Military 2483:Sources 2368:. This 2317:Tactics 2240:Cavalry 2232:Rangers 2221:brigade 2211:during 2136:acronym 1991:Writers 1986:Weapons 1951:Battles 1900:Related 1888:Wargame 1883:Uniform 1831:Culture 1612:Perfidy 1607:Justice 1528:Science 1513:Outpost 1466:History 1446:Warrior 1442:Soldier 1430:foreign 1368:counter 1268:Service 1218:Theater 1158:Limited 1138:Endemic 1053:Nuclear 826:Foxhole 801:Cavalry 789:Airdrop 774:Airlift 759:Tactics 731:Nuclear 721:Missile 650:Cavalry 635:Barrage 613:Weapons 573:Surface 354:Command 349:Bombers 306:Frogman 276:Cavalry 248:Medical 215:Militia 197:Regular 177:Marines 91:castles 81:Ancient 69:History 48:outline 2496:  2490:On War 2035:of an 1971:Sieges 1655:Theory 1395:Morale 1253:Policy 1248:Branch 1028:Mosaic 1018:Fabian 965:Covert 898:Trench 883:Screen 806:Charge 796:Battle 769:Aerial 687:Denial 655:Horses 583:Seabed 536:Tunnel 516:Jungle 506:Desert 476:Aerial 2448:(EOB) 2176:Army. 2139:ORBAT 1944:Lists 1400:Women 1338:Ranks 1258:Staff 1188:Proxy 1103:Class 1058:Naval 1043:Depth 878:Swarm 871:Siege 851:Naval 831:Drone 726:Music 701:Robot 697:Drone 682:Cyber 625:Armor 595:Cyber 568:Green 563:Brown 526:Urban 486:Space 407:Radar 402:Sonar 271:Armor 228:Staff 206:Ranks 2494:ISBN 2412:and 2300:and 2243:RSTA 1981:Wars 1498:Base 1048:Goal 960:Raid 558:Blue 496:Land 167:Navy 162:Army 2522:at 2361:. 2252:or 2236:LRS 2234:or 2219:or 2209:OoB 2200:In 2151:in 1565:Law 1508:FOB 1503:MOB 548:Sea 40:War 2555:: 2436:. 2388:, 1444:/ 699:/ 213:/ 199:/ 2384:( 2020:e 2013:t 2006:v 50:) 46:( 20:)

Index

Order of Battle
War
outline

History
Prehistoric
Ancient
Post-classical
castles
Early modern
pike and shot
napoleonic
Late modern
industrial
fourth-gen
Military
Organization
Command and control
Defense ministry
Army
Navy
Air force
Marines
Coast guard
Space force
Reserves
Regular
Irregular
Ranks
Standing army

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