803:
773:
815:
319:
304:
70:
213:
427:, the order was officially revived by the late king's brother on 16 November 1816 but the new king (or his governments who made suggestions of whom may have been fit to be invested of it) took little interest in the order and no new knights were added after 1816. The Order was again abolished by the French authorities in 1830, following the July Revolition. The Order's last member died in 1850, although ten nominations of knights were conferred in 1929, 1930, and in the 1970s and 1980s.
788:
56:
1205:
1485:
1351:
about the beginning of
February 1565–6, the Seigneur de Rembouillet, with a deputation from the King of France, arrived at the Palace, to present Darnley with the order of St. Michael, known as the Scallop or Cockle-shell Order, so called from the scallop shells of which the collar was composed. The
1191:
On le trouve nommé, en 1549, dans un compte du trésorier de l Ordre de Saint Michel, où il est dit qu il fut délivré à messire André de
Montalembert sgr d Essé, chev de l Ordre, le grand collier de l'Ordre de Saint Michel du feu comte de Languillare, dont le Roy avait fait don au dit sgr d'Essé, en
802:
438:
Saint-Michel Order (1460–1830) can be considered as the precursor of the Order of the Arts and
Letters. Originally destined to the aristocracy, from 17th to 18th centuries it became an order of civil merit, which distinguished many artists, architects, collectors, and people of
1024:
Louis XI founded the Order of Saint
Michael in 1469. Initially, there were thirty-six knights, but their numbers increased to such a point that the order began to lose its prestige. Louis XIV reformed the order on 12 January 1665, reducing the number of knights to one
1118:
Le guide diplomatique: Précis des droits et des fonctions des agents diplomatiques et consulaires; suivi d'un traité des actes et offices divers qui sont du ressort de la diplomatie, accompagné de pièce et documents proposés comme exemples, Volume
1135:
772:
448:
No formal list of members of the order exists. The names of members can be gleaned from reference to their receipt of the order, from secondary sources, or from periodic lists compiled showing companions from particular families or regions.
272:. As a chivalric order, its goal was to confirm the loyalty of its knights to the king. Originally, there were a limited number of knights, at first thirty-one, then increased to thirty-six including the king. An office of
1132:
334:
in France, close relatives of the king and a few from other royal houses in Europe. Originally, the number of members (called companions) was limited to thirty-five. In 1565, during the
1150:
969:
814:
1221:
1178:
292:
169:
404:
which the kings no longer used, to the control of the order in 1496. By letters patent dated 15 August 1555, the seat of the Order was transferred to the royal
1510:
787:
679:
652:
475:
31:
377:) linked with double knots. The statutes state that the badge could be hung on a simple chain, and later it was suspended from a black ribbon
1505:
1461:
1084:
1057:
1017:
992:
953:
864:
307:
King Louis XI sitting on his throne. In the room, a painting of St. Michael killing a serpent. Title page of the Order's statutes, drawn by
733:
673:
461:) were appointed by Louis XI and tasked to select, jointly with the king himself, the next ones to complete the first group of thirty-six:
370:
1412:
658:
1387:
1323:
1299:
1244:
688:
1489:
465:
1179:"Les Chevaliers de Saint-Michel de La Province du Poitou depuis La Fondation de L'Ordre en 1469 Jusqu'a L'Ordannance de 1669"
504:
498:
415:, under pressures from the revolutionaries, on 20 June 1790. It was abolished along with all other chivalric orders of the
303:
480:
431:
424:
318:
1192:
le faisant et créant chevalier de son Ordre, ainsi qu'il apparaissait par son récépissé du 27 septembre de cette année
724:
400:
to transfer this meeting place to the chapel of Saint-Michel-du-Palais, part of Paris' medieval royal residence the
559:
484:
384:
was commissioned to paint the title miniature of the
Statutes, showing the king presiding over the knights (Paris,
249:
569:
518:
513:
385:
564:
276:
was established in 1476. The Order of St
Michael was the highest Order in France until it was superseded by the
523:
470:
277:
194:
634:
594:
925:
405:
335:
212:
365:" (meaning "The tremor of the immense ocean"), derived from the idea of Saint Michael looking out over the
322:
Plaque marking the former site of the Chapel of Saint-Michel du Palais, home of the Order from 1496 to 1555
778:
546:
397:
374:
857:
The knights of the crown : the monarchical orders of knighthood in later medieval Europe, 1325–1520
420:
614:
599:
457:
The first fifteen knights, men of "good sense, valiance, wisdom and other great and laudable virtues" (
821:
757:
728:
718:
581:
538:
529:
401:
339:
204:
808:
King
Francis I presiding the Order's knights. Painting from a copy of the statutes from about 1530.
793:
701:
667:
662:
647:
555:
542:
350:
343:
342:
increased the membership to fifty, but there may have been as many as seven hundred knights under
1215:
1177:
D'Hozier, Jean-François-Louis and Paul de Chabot (1895). Carné, Gaston Louis Michel Marie (ed.).
963:
683:
638:
273:
245:
179:
261:
1316:
Northumberland: The
Political Career of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland
637:, Baron of Asnebec, Baron of Ranes, Lord of Rouvrou, la Fresnaye and Saint-Georges, in 1469 by
1457:
1428:
1408:
1383:
1319:
1295:
1240:
1080:
1053:
1013:
988:
949:
860:
751:
742:
533:
389:
354:
288:
241:
165:
112:
74:
69:
1379:
1372:
1336:
1116:
1074:
884:
416:
269:
257:
1139:
705:
697:
489:
358:
284:
253:
230:
157:
102:
260:, Louis' chief competitor for the allegiance of the great houses of France, the dukes of
1076:
European monarchy : its evolution and practice from Roman antiquity to modern times
946:
Les chevaliers de Saint-Michel, 1665–1790 : le premier ordre de mĂ©rite civil
575:
551:
509:
366:
238:
162:
130:
84:
388:, fr. 19819). The original plan was for the knights to meet yearly on 29 September at
1499:
1355:
643:
265:
1262:
Isabella d'Este: Marchioness of Mantua 1474–1539 a Study of the
Renaissance – Vol. 1
1036:
353:
conveyed to every member a gold badge of the image of the saint standing on a rock (
381:
308:
30:
This article is about the French dynastic order of knighthood. For other uses, see
17:
1467:
The French coat of arms of prime counsellor
Costantin Gerachi (Constance Phaulkon)
55:
1450:
History and Genealogy of the Cangelari Family of Cephalonia (16th–20th Centuries)
151:
883:
Meader, John R (1904). Beach, Frederick Converse; Rines, George Edwin (eds.).
618:
1294:. The Stewart Dynasty in Scotland. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. p. 121.
1162:
746:
712:
605:
585:
412:
145:
1352:
investiture was performed after the celebration of mass in the Chapel-Royal
859:(Paperback ed.). Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. pp. 427–47.
1484:
1464:
1104:. Paris: La Société nationale des antiquaires de France. pp. 217–20.
622:
493:
393:
331:
1447:
589:
1008:
Vachaudez, Christophe; Walgrave, Jan (2008). Diana Scarisbrick (ed.).
609:
459:
bon sens, vaillance, prud'hommie et autres grandes et louables vertus
327:
1073:
Duchhard, Heinz; Richard A. Jackson; David J. Sturdy, eds. (1992).
781:, son of Louis XI, wearing the collar of the Order of Saint Michael
373:
made of scallop shells (the badge of pilgrims, especially those to
283:
Although officially abolished by the government authorities of the
27:
French dynastic order of chivalry, founded by King Louis XI in 1469
897:
the Order of Saint Michael, founded 1 August 1469 by King Louis XI
430:
The French government considers the Order to be the origin of the
317:
302:
380:
When the Order of St Michael was founded, the famous illuminator
1405:
Geschiedenis van Nederland: De Canon van ons Vaderlands Verleden
1341:. Edinburgh, Scotland: Keeper of the Chapel Royal. p. 58
1102:
L'ordre de Saint-Michel au temps de Louis XI et Charles VIII
369:
from Mont Saint-Michel. It was suspended from the elaborate
1374:
Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England 1530–1630
291:, its activities carried on. It is still recognised by the
987:. Botley, Oxford, UK: Shire Publications. pp. 31–32.
694:
Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll in 1548 by Henry II
944:
Pinoteau, Benoit de Fauconpret; préface d'Hervé (2007).
739:
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, 1566 by Charles IX
1010:
Royal jewels : from Charlemagne to the Romanovs
396:. Such an isolated location was impractical causing
200:
190:
185:
175:
140:
126:
118:
108:
98:
90:
80:
65:
41:
1371:
1115:Martens, Karl von and Ferdinand de Wegman (1851).
711:André de Montalembert in 1549 (for the capture of
499:Louis de Beaumont, lord of La ForĂŞt and Le Plessis
1277:Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk (1473–1554)
1122:. Leipzig, Germany: F.A. Brockhaus. p. 154.
1172:
1170:
727:under the name King Henry of Scotland, 1565 by
930:(in French). Paris: A. Colin. pp. 553–60.
338:, when loyalties were strained and essential,
293:International Commission on Orders of Chivalry
1239:. Great Britain: Phoenix Press. p. 101.
8:
1470:, Athens 2013, pp. 36–38. (reprint in Greek)
968:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1338:History of the Abbey and Palace of Holyrood
1292:James V: The Personal Rule, 1528–1542
423:continued to acknowledge it. Following the
1279:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
1220:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
939:
937:
411:The Order of St. Michael was abolished by
349:The Order of St. Michael dedicated to the
885:"Orders (Royal) and Decorations of Honor"
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
1365:
1363:
1012:. New York: VendĂ´me Press. p. 146.
878:
876:
653:Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua
476:Louis of Luxembourg, Constable of France
1318:The Kent State University Press p. 114
985:European orders and decorations to 1945
948:(1ère éd. ed.). Paris: P. du Puy.
855:Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre (1986).
834:
768:
32:Order of Saint Michael (disambiguation)
1213:
1079:. Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 86–90.
961:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
38:
1407:. Zutphen: Walburg Pers. p. 83.
1264:. New York: E.P. Dutton. p. 295.
680:James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault
248:on 1 August 1469, in response to the
7:
734:Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
674:Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
371:Collar of the Order of Saint Michael
1403:Hellinga, Gerben Graddesz. (2007).
1210:. Vol. II. Dijon. p. 143.
820:Collar of the Order as used on the
547:Grand Master of the Hotel of France
1207:Histoire de la Maison de Chabannes
659:Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
25:
1237:Cesare Borgia: His Life and Times
1204:Comte Henri de Chabannes (1894).
689:George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly
313:Bibliothèque Nationale, fr. 19819
1511:History of Catholicism in France
1483:
813:
801:
786:
771:
211:
68:
54:
1446:, Fayard, Paris 1991, p. 405.
1052:. : Read a Classic. p. 9.
796:wearing the collar of the Order
1427:Frazer, Robert Watson (1896).
1050:Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres
361:. The motto of the order was "
1:
1275:Graves, Michael A.R. (2008).
432:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
330:were among the most powerful
1506:Orders of chivalry of France
1100:Contamine, Philippe (1978).
700:in 1549 (for the capture of
156:Abolished in 1830 after the
1183:Revue historique de l'Ouest
725:Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley
519:Louis de Bourbon-Roussillon
1527:
1465:Cangelaris, Panayotis D.:
1260:Cartwright, Julia (1905).
565:Georges II de La Trémoille
250:Order of the Golden Fleece
109:Religious affiliation
29:
1335:Anderson, Duncan (1849).
895:. The Americana company.
210:
53:
1235:Bradford, Sarah (1976).
471:John II, Duke of Bourbon
466:Charles, Duke of Guyenne
278:Order of the Holy Spirit
195:Order of the Holy Spirit
1442:Van der Cruysse, Dirk:
1290:Cameron, Jamie (1998).
983:Duckers, Peter (2008).
635:Samson de Saint-Germain
595:Louis Bastet de Crussol
144:Abolished by decree of
1490:Order of Saint Michael
889:Encyclopedia Americana
779:Charles VIII of France
760:, in 1687 by Louis XIV
754:, in 1672 by Louis XIV
670:, in 1534 by Francis I
580:Gilbert de Chabannes,
441:
419:, although the exiled
386:Bibliothèque Nationale
375:Santiago de Compostela
323:
315:
287:in 1830 following the
234:
227:Order of Saint Michael
134:
42:Order of Saint Michael
1453:, Corfu 2011, p. 91.
1370:Hearn, Karen (1995).
1048:Adams, Henry (2010).
503:Jean d'Estouteville,
436:
363:immensi tremor oceani
357:) in combat with the
321:
311:in the 15th century.
306:
235:Ordre de Saint-Michel
135:Immensi tremor oceani
46:Ordre de Saint-Michel
1492:at Wikimedia Commons
1444:Louis XIV et le Siam
927:Le Mont-Saint Michel
822:Royal Arms of France
736:, 1566 by Charles IX
719:Edward VI of England
676:in 1545 by Francis I
655:in 1507 by Louis XII
539:Antoine de Chabannes
406:Château de Vincennes
205:Order of Saint Louis
1378:. Rizzoli. p.
1314:Beer, B.L. (1973):
1138:28 May 2012 at the
924:Gout, Paul (1910).
794:Louis XII of France
691:in 1548 by Henry II
668:James V of Scotland
530:Count of Roussillon
425:Bourbon Restoration
217:Ribbon of the Order
154:on 16 November 1816
18:Order of St Michael
1448:Cangelaris, P.D.:
1151:Archives de France
758:Constance Phaulkon
721:, 1551 by Henry II
615:Tanneguy du Châtel
556:Count of Comminges
543:Count of Dammartin
444:Notable recipients
324:
316:
246:Louis XI of France
244:, founded by King
180:Louis XI of France
60:Badge of the Order
1488:Media related to
1462:978-960-85532-2-4
1086:978-3-515-06233-6
1059:978-1-61104-147-7
1019:978-0-86565-193-7
994:978-0-7478-0670-7
955:978-2-908003-35-2
866:978-0-85115-417-6
743:Michiel de Ruyter
560:Marshal of France
534:Admiral of France
514:lord of Châtillon
494:Count of Sancerre
485:Marshal of France
402:Palais de la Cité
390:Mont Saint-Michel
355:Mont Saint-Michel
351:Archangel Michael
289:French Revolution
242:order of chivalry
223:
222:
166:order of chivalry
150:Reestablished by
113:Roman Catholicism
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