86:
67:
4807:
991:
3620:
1302:
894:
1310:
3673:, a motonautical round trip of over 1,200 kilometers through the Orinoco, Meta and Apure Rivers. Starting out from Ciudad Bolívar or San Fernando de Apure, is the longest fluvial rally in the world with the participation of worldwide competitors, more than 30 support boats, logistics teams, thousands of tourists and fans travel. The boats had an average speed of 120 miles per hour.
51:
1290:
1282:
93:
1322:
1155:, on the border between Colombia and Venezuela. After following the Casiquiare to the Orinoco River they hovered thru perilous rapids of the rivers Maipures and Atures. The Orinoco was then traversed down to its mouths in the Gulf of Paria and then to Port of Spain. The primary purpose of the expedition was filming for the
1329:
At its mouth, the
Orinoco River forms a wide delta that branches off into hundreds of rivers and waterways that flow through 41,000 km (16,000 sq mi) of swampy forests. In the rainy season, the Orinoco River can swell to a breadth of 22 kilometres (14 mi) and a depth of 100 metres
1243:; the second flows northward, for about 290 kilometres (180 mi), along the Venezuelan–Colombian border, flanked on both sides by the westernmost granitic upwellings of the Guiana Shield which impede the development of a flood plain, to the
856:) of the Orinoco can be explained by the high precipitation in almost the entire catchment area (ca 2,300 mm/a). The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the
4493:
4655:
MacKee, E.D., Nordin, C.F. and D. Perez-Hernandez (1998). "The Waters and
Sediments of the Rio Orinoco and its major Tributaries, Venezuela and Colombia." United States Geological Survey water-supply paper,
1364:
of the entire river is 0.05% (1,047 m over 2,250 km). Downstream of
Raudales de Guaharibos the gradient is 0.01% (183/1,964), which is also the gradient from Ciudad Bolivar to the ocean (54/435).
1165:
episode "The Last Great
Journey on Earth from Amazon to Orinoco by Hovercraft", which aired in 1970, and demonstrated the abilities of a hovercraft, thereby promoting sales of this British invention.
4552:
Prieto, R., Valdes, G., 1992, El
Furrial Oil Field, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1978–1988, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists,
3688:
has been celebrated every year, on a Sunday close to 19 April. Worldwide, this swim-meet has grown in importance, and it has a large number of competitors. The 26th meet was held in 2016.
1231:– 805 kilometres (500 mi) long, divided into two sectors, the first of which ca. 515 kilometres (320 mi) long has a general westward direction down to the confluence with the
4478:
1449:
3646:
the southern boundary. Maturin forms the eastern subbasin and
Guarico forms the western subbasin. The El Furrial oil field was discovered in 1978, producing from late
3814:
4642:
Stark's Guide-Book and
History of Trinidad including Tobago, Granada, and St. Vincent; also a trip up the Orinoco and a description of the great Venezuelan Pitch Lake
4953:
4754:
4569:
1225:– 286 kilometres (178 mi) long, from its headwaters to the Raudales de Guaharibos rapids, flows through mountainous landscape in a northwesterly direction
4644:. Boston, James H. Stark, publisher; London, Sampson Low, Marston & Company. (This book has an excellent description of a trip up the Orinoco as far as
3906:
4703:
3595:, by a conglomerate of Venezuelan firms and US steel companies. At the start in the early 1950s, about 10,000 tons of ore-bearing soil was mined per day.
4145:
85:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
1260:– 959 kilometres (596 mi) long with a well-developed alluvial plain, flows in a northeast direction, from Atures rapids down to Piacoa in front of
4727:
4595:
1113:(2º19’05” N, 63º21’42” W), were discovered in 1951 by the French-Venezuelan expedition that went back and explored the Upper Orinoco course to the
3747:
4943:
4534:
4948:
3795:
4115:
4509:
1218:; it is divided in four stretches of unequal length that very roughly correspond to the longitudinal zonation of a typical large river:
1195:
1 and 19. It had three towers, and the two spans measured 2,161 metres (7,090 ft) and 2,537 metres (8,323 ft), respectively.
4747:
4063:
4017:
3720:
977:
4479:"Description of a new Heros species (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Rio Orinoco drainage and notes on Heros severus Heckel, 1840"
4179:
3500:
is one of the rarest reptiles in the world. Its range in the wild is restricted to the middle and lower
Orinoco River Basin.
4557:
4089:
915:
260:
4806:
3548:
3544:
278:
4968:
4740:
4963:
3779:
XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos
1314:
958:
845:
1084:. In 1595, after capturing de Berrio to obtain information while conducting an expedition to find the fabled city of
4581:
930:
359:
904:
3931:
3881:
4153:
4010:
Humboldt's Cosmos: Alexander von
Humboldt and the Latin American Journey that Changed the Way We See the World,
3837:
3681:
1334:
1021:
937:
911:
197:
31:
4791:
1411:
1240:
1110:
780:
4599:
66:
4958:
4938:
1099:
944:
3700:", which she released in 1988. Jules Verne's novel Superbe Orénoque has the river as its central theme.
1261:
1244:
849:
4526:
3551:
sections, only relatively adaptable species are able to pass through it between the two river systems.
3523:, which together account for more than 80% of the fresh water species. Some of the more famous are the
4401:
4335:
3945:
1007:
1003:
4614:
4349:
Thorbjarnarson, John B.; Hernández, Gustavo (1993). "Reproductive ecology of the
Orinoco crocodile (
4123:
1333:
Most of the important Venezuelan rivers are tributaries of the Orinoco River, the largest being the
926:
4895:
3751:
1151:
hovercraft, the expedition members followed the Negro river upstream to where it is joined by the
1132:
4289:
990:
4370:
3532:
3524:
1350:
1161:
1089:
4661:
4128:
3669:
Since 1973, the Civil Association Nuestros Rios son Navegables organize the Internacional Rally
1068:
and his successors. In 1531, starting at the principal outlet in the delta, the Boca de Navios,
4452:
3619:
1176:
TL single span of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) using two towers 110 metres (360 ft) tall.
4875:
4720:
4657:
4645:
4553:
4419:
4306:
4241:
4059:
4013:
3791:
3564:
3497:
2792:
2072:
1481:
1460:
1252:
1184:
1125:
1081:
1073:
1065:
659:(Basin size: 37,870 km (14,620 sq mi) 1,400 m/s (49,000 cu ft/s)
548:
4320:
4255:
1277:, some 22,500 km (8,700 sq mi) and 370 kilometres (230 mi) at its widest.
4890:
4853:
4831:
4826:
4773:
4409:
4388:
Reis, R. E.; Albert, J. S.; Di Dario, F.; Mincarone, M. M.; Petry, P.; Rocha, L. A. (2016).
4362:
3896:
3783:
3540:
3536:
1423:
1401:
1346:
1270:
1199:
1152:
1121:
1114:
1011:
813:
744:
728:
708:
179:
4675:
4880:
3572:
1361:
784:
591:
4786:
4288:
José L., López; José R., Córdova; Bartolo, Castellanos; Santiago, Yépez; Alain, Laraque.
4193:
3624:
3568:
1395:
1294:
792:
4405:
4269:
3531:. The latter species, which is important in the aquarium industry, is also found in the
1117:
near the border with Brazil, headed by Venezuelan army officer Frank Risquez Iribarren.
860:
of Colombia. The environment and wildlife in the Orinoco's basin are extremely diverse.
412:
981,446 km (378,938 sq mi) to 1,014,797 km (391,815 sq mi)
4870:
4843:
4796:
4697:
4214:
3677:
3658:
3643:
3528:
2497:
1486:
1464:
1435:
1417:
1236:
1203:
1188:
1077:
1069:
999:
869:
829:
776:
768:
724:
712:
684:
676:
510:
341:
112:
72:
56:
17:
4932:
4917:
4912:
4900:
4885:
4865:
4848:
4781:
4175:
3777:
3516:
1441:
1389:
1385:
1232:
1215:
951:
853:
822:
772:
716:
452:
329:
149:
3587:
deposits near the Orinoco delta, south of the city of San Felix on a mountain named
3503:
More than 1000 fish species have been recorded in the river basin and about 15% are
4838:
3728:
3697:
3608:
3592:
3520:
1405:
1379:
1354:
1338:
1014:, was not explored until 453 years later, in 1951. The source, near the Venezuelan–
760:
756:
736:
4093:
4029:
Alberto Contramaestre Torres. Expedición a las fuentes del Orinoco. Caracas, 1954.
1301:
1168:
The first powerline crossing of the Orinoco River was completed in 1981 for an 800
4055:
In the Wake of Tacoma: Suspension Bridges and the Quest for Aerodynamic Stability
4053:
3959:
4821:
3493:
1408:
from the Orinoco flowing west to the Negro River, a major affluent to the Amazon
1373:
1274:
1057:
893:
764:
740:
324:
1309:
4907:
4860:
4649:
4570:"Antecedentes y Sumario Paso a Nado Internacional de Los Rios Orinoco/Caroni"
3655:
3631:
3571:, 435 kilometres (270 mi) upstream. River steamers carry cargo as far as
1429:
1248:
1136:
1061:
732:
720:
4732:
4438:
3787:
1036:
1023:
374:
361:
293:
280:
212:
199:
3901:
3713:
3651:
3647:
3604:
1085:
837:
788:
656:
595:
552:
345:
183:
136:
50:
4423:
1289:
3984:
3535:, revealing the connection between this river and the Orinoco through the
1438:: from eastern Venezuela (the Guiana Highlands) southwest into the Orinoco
1281:
3584:
3560:
3515:, but also many restricted to fresh water. By far the largest orders are
3508:
3504:
1342:
841:
638:
264:
131:
3731:" – the song uses the Orinoco and its environs as a theme for its lyrics
1214:
The course of the Orinoco forms a wide ellipsoidal arc, surrounding the
4374:
3776:
Carlos Andrés, Lasso Alcalá; Mónica Andrea, Morales Betancourt (2022).
3709:
3639:
3635:
3512:
1183:
kV-circuits was completed just west of Morocure (between the cities of
918: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4414:
4353:) in Venezuela. I. Nesting ecology and egg and clutch relationships".
4715:
3882:"How well are we able to close the water budget at the global scale?"
1144:
1140:
1093:
1053:
1015:
857:
4366:
3809:
3807:
1321:
4389:
3880:
Lehmann, Fanny; Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt; Bamber, Jonathan (2021).
3854:
3618:
1414:: from eastern Venezuela (Guiana Highlands) north into the Orinoco
1349:, which starts as an arm of the Orinoco, and finds its way to the
1320:
1308:
1300:
1288:
1280:
1148:
989:
852:
volume of water. The nevertheless high volume flow (39,000 m/s at
818:
250:
Geographical source (Orinoco–Guaviare–Guayabero–Papamene–Sorrento)
1049:), was explored in 1951 by a joint French-Venezuelan expedition.
4236:
4234:
3583:
In 1926, a Venezuelan mining inspector found one of the richest
3489:
1103:
1064:, were explored in the 16th century by German expeditions under
565:(Period: 1926–2011)32,760 m/s (1,157,000 cu ft/s)
522:(Period: 1926–2011)37,740 m/s (1,333,000 cu ft/s)
464:(Period: 1983–2020)39,000 m/s (1,400,000 cu ft/s)
4736:
4442:. Orinoco Delta & Coastal Drainages. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
3642:
states, the Interior Range forms the northern boundary and the
1398:: from the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela north into the Orinoco
651:(Period: 1926–2011)4,400 m/s (160,000 cu ft/s);
4696:
3696:
The Irish singer and songwriter Enya wrote and sang the song "
1305:
Rapids of the Orinoco, near Puerto Ayacucho airport, Venezuela
1156:
887:
608:(Period: 1926–2011)16,182 m/s (571,500 cu ft/s)
1357:, thus forming a 'natural canal' between Orinoco and Amazon.
4652:
situated on the western side of the Gulf of Paria opposite.)
1432:: from Colombia, border with Venezuela east into the Orinoco
872:
term for "a place to paddle", itself derived from the terms
4664:/A-B. Washington: United States Government Printing Office.
4150:
International Database for Civil and Structural Engineering
1106:. He published extensively on the river's flora and fauna.
404:
2,140 km (1,330 mi) 2,150 km (1,340 mi)
1269:– 200 kilometres (120 mi) long that empties into the
4215:"Raudal de Guaharibos rapids, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela"
1080:
to the Meta, and then down the Orinoco River and back to
1018:
border, at 1,047 metres (3,435 ft) above sea level (
4578:
International Swim Meet of the Orinoco and Caroni Rivers
1345:
Falls. A peculiarity of the Orinoco river system is the
598:( Basin size: 342,000 km (132,000 sq mi))
4127:. June 2005. pp. 105–111, page 107. Archived from
3831:
3829:
3827:
1052:
The Orinoco, as well as its tributaries in the eastern
555:(Basin size: 836,000 km (323,000 sq mi))
4596:"26 edición Paso a Nado de Ríos Orinoco y Caroní 2016"
4290:"THE EXTRAORDINARY FLOOD OF THE ORINOCO RIVER IN 2018"
4042:. Caracas: Talleres Gráficos Ilustraciones S.A., 1960.
4040:
Shailili-Ko. Descubrimiento de las fuentes del Orinoco
641:(Basin size: 101,000 km (39,000 sq mi))
4615:"Behind the Song: "Orinoco Flow (Sail Away)" by Enya"
4390:"Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America"
3591:. Full-scale mining of the ore deposits began after
4680:
Weibezahn, F.H., Haymara, A. and M.W. Lewis (1990).
4572:
Paso Nado Internacional de Los Rios Orinoco y Caroní
4058:. American Society of Civil Engineers. p. 184.
3686:
Paso a Nado Internacional de los Rios Orinoco–Caroní
3680:
has conducted a swim race in the rivers Orinoco and
1179:
In 1992, an overhead power line crossing for two 400
4814:
4771:
4194:"Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela : Image of the Day"
3559:The river is navigable for most of its length, and
3507:. Among the fish in the river are species found in
1109:The sources of the Orinoco River, located at Cerro
1010:. Its source at the Cerro Delgado–Chalbaud, in the
750:
702:
694:
682:
672:
667:
645:
628:
620:
602:
585:
577:
559:
542:
534:
516:
504:
496:
478:
468:
458:
446:
438:
424:
416:
408:
400:
390:
351:
335:
323:
309:
270:
254:
246:
228:
189:
172:
164:
155:
145:
124:
119:
108:
39:
4728:"Rios de Integracion ". Geurgescu, Paul. CAF. 2017
4598:. Roberto Muñoz Natación Venezuela. Archived from
3836:José Rafael, Córdova; Marcelo González, Sanabria.
3611:, which may be a source of future oil production.
3603:The Orinoco River deposits also contain extensive
1450:Casiquiare canal-Orinoco River hydrographic divide
1382:: from Colombia to Venezuela east into the Orinoco
1376:: from Venezuela through the east into the Orinoco
4707:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). pp. 275–276.
4533:. Vol. 155, no. 53597. pp. C1–C6.
3684:, with up to 1,000 competitors. Since 1991, the
1285:Orinoco in Mariusa National Park (Delta Amacuro)
1120:The first bridge across the Orinoco River, the
4748:
4648:and a detailed description of the Venezuelan
4271:NATURAL CONDITIONS OF THE ORINOCO RIVER DELTA
4146:"Pylons of the Orinoco High-Voltage Crossing"
1102:explored the basin in 1800, reporting on the
484:85,000 m/s (3,000,000 cu ft/s)
8:
4084:
4082:
1426:: from Colombia southeast into the Guaviare.
836:, covers ca 1 million km, with 65% of it in
4755:
4741:
4733:
2795:(complete time series from 1926 to 2023):
1459:Average, minimum and maximum discharge at
474:8,000 m/s (280,000 cu ft/s)
65:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4527:"For Venezuela, A Treasure In Oil Sludge"
4413:
3900:
978:Learn how and when to remove this message
4453:"Paracheirodon axelrodi, Cardinal Tetra"
3989:Diccionario Etimológico Español en Línea
3932:"Orinoco River Basin, South America–WWF"
2797:
2502:
2077:
1469:
1147:) to Port of Spain (Trinidad). Aboard a
4196:. earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2006-01-23
3740:
3539:. Because the Casiquiare includes both
1198:In 2006, a second bridge, known as the
4537:from the original on 20 December 2016.
3496:inhabit the Orinoco River system. The
1131:In 1968, an expedition was set off by
998:The mouth of the Orinoco River at the
36:
4954:International rivers of South America
4684:. Caracas: Universidad Simon Bolivar.
3946:"Publications-EcoHealth Report Cards"
1530:
1444:: from Colombia east into the Orinoco
1420:: from Colombia east into the Orinoco
1273:and the Atlantic Ocean, a very large
868:The river's name is derived from the
812:
7:
4576:[Antecedents and Summary of the
3815:"Orinoco River Basin, South America"
3676:Since 1988, the local government of
3563:enables ocean ships to go as far as
1325:Orinoco in Amazonas State, Venezuela
1191:), north of the confluence of Routes
1128:, Venezuela, was completed in 1967.
1092:sailed down the river, reaching the
916:adding citations to reliable sources
4336:Orinoco River Basin, South America.
3912:from the original on 4 January 2022
3889:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
2496:Monthly average discharge (m/s) at
2071:Monthly average discharge (m/s) at
1392:of Venezuela north into the Orinoco
1293:Orinoco at its confluence with the
4580:] (in Spanish). Archived from
4477:Staeck, W.; Schindler, I. (2015).
4182:from the original on 5 March 2016.
825:at 2,140 km (1,330 mi).
25:
4724:(Transcription of book from 1902)
4682:The Orinoco River as an ecosystem
4092:. SAE Power Lines. Archived from
3859:Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
3721:Fishes of the Orinoco in the Wild
1368:Major rivers in the Orinoco Basin
1072:sailed up the river to the Meta.
4805:
4499:from the original on 2022-10-09.
892:
880:(place) i.e. a navigable place.
91:
84:
49:
4510:"Venezuela's Magnetic Mountain"
4307:"Actualidad Hidrometeorológica"
4242:"Actualidad Hidrometeorológica"
4178:. Skyscraper Source Media Inc.
903:needs additional citations for
168:Hydrological source (main stem)
92:
27:River in Venezuela and Colombia
3623:Union of the Orinoco with the
994:Map of the Lower Orinoco, 1897
353: • coordinates
272: • coordinates
191: • coordinates
1:
3861:. Royal Spanish Academy. 2005
3511:or salt water in the Orinoco
1247:near the confluence with the
1006:on 1 August 1498, during his
315:3,080 m (10,100 ft)
156:Physical characteristics
4949:Dredged rivers and waterways
4695:Church, George Earl (1911).
4525:Forero, Juan (1 June 2006).
4176:"Orinoco Powerline Crossing"
3671:Nuestros Rios son Navegables
392: • elevation
311: • elevation
294:3.526832000°N 74.474269000°W
234:1,047 m (3,435 ft)
230: • elevation
4716:Down the Orinoco in a Canoe
4676:Down the Orinoco in a Canoe
4671:. New York: Franklin Watts.
3630:Encompassing the states of
3567:, at the confluence of the
630: • location
587: • location
544: • location
506: • location
448: • location
337: • location
256: • location
174: • location
100:Mouth location in Venezuela
4985:
4613:Moore, Rick (2020-11-18).
1447:
647: • average
604: • average
561: • average
518: • average
480: • maximum
470: • minimum
460: • average
426: • maximum
299:3.526832000; -74.474269000
29:
4944:Colombia–Venezuela border
4803:
4436:Hales, J., and P. Petry:
4008:Helferich, Gerard (2004)
2754:
2444:
1723:
1702:
1684:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1472:
832:, sometimes known as the
798:
663:
616:
612:
573:
569:
530:
526:
492:
488:
434:
319:
242:
238:
160:
79:
64:
48:
4486:Bulletin of Fish Biology
4012:Gotham Books, New York;
3964:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3788:10.21068/eh9789585183629
3615:Eastern Venezuelan basin
817:) is one of the longest
752: • right
430:100 m (330 ft)
178:Cerro Delgado-Chalbaud,
32:Orinoco (disambiguation)
4704:Encyclopædia Britannica
4394:Journal of Fish Biology
4321:"The Flood Observatory"
4256:"The Flood Observatory"
3902:10.5194/hess-26-35-2022
3838:"La geografía del agua"
3575:and the Atures Rapids.
1241:San Fernando de Atabapo
1111:Carlos Delgado Chalbaud
704: • left
115:for "a place to paddle"
4667:Rawlins, C.B. (1999).
4640:Stark, James H. 1897.
4355:Journal of Herpetology
4351:Crocodylus intermedius
3855:"Orinoquia, Orinoquía"
3627:
1326:
1318:
1306:
1298:
1286:
1100:Alexander von Humboldt
995:
810:Spanish pronunciation:
55:Orinoquia Bridge near
18:Orinoco River Crossing
4339:Retrieved 24 May 2014
4134:on 23 September 2006.
3716:of the Orinoco region
3665:Recreation and sports
3622:
2791:Average discharge at
1404:: in SE Venezuela, a
1353:, a tributary of the
1324:
1312:
1304:
1292:
1284:
1202:, was completed near
993:
4584:on 17 December 2007.
3579:El Florero iron mine
1337:, which joins it at
1037:2.31806°N 63.36167°W
1004:Christopher Columbus
912:improve this article
846:fourth largest river
396:0 m (0 ft)
213:2.31806°N 63.36167°W
30:For other uses, see
4969:Rivers of Venezuela
4763:Tributaries of the
4619:American Songwriter
4602:on 9 November 2016.
4406:2016JFBio..89...12R
3752:GEOnet Names Server
1133:National Geographic
1104:pink river dolphins
1033: /
668:Basin features
371: /
290: /
261:Cordillera Oriental
209: /
4964:Rivers of Colombia
4674:Triana, S. Pérez.
4531:The New York Times
4052:Scott, R. (2001).
3628:
3525:black spot piranha
1327:
1319:
1307:
1299:
1287:
1162:The World About Us
1090:Sir Walter Raleigh
1042:2.31806; -63.36167
1002:was documented by
996:
814:[oɾiˈnoko]
218:2.31806; -63.36167
4926:
4925:
4721:Project Gutenberg
4669:The Orinoco River
4513:Popular Mechanics
4415:10.1111/jfb.13016
4038:Pablo J. Anduce.
3797:978-958-5183-65-0
3712:, the Sun in the
3555:Economic activity
3498:Orinoco crocodile
3479:
3478:
2787:
2786:
2492:
2491:
2067:
2066:
1467:(Lower Orinoco):
1088:, the Englishman
1074:Antonio de Berrio
1066:Ambrosius Ehinger
988:
987:
980:
962:
802:
801:
16:(Redirected from
4976:
4809:
4774:Guiana Highlands
4757:
4750:
4743:
4734:
4723:
4708:
4700:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4566:
4560:
4550:
4539:
4538:
4522:
4516:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4492:(1–2): 121–136.
4483:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4449:
4443:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4417:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4346:
4340:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4152:. Archived from
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4120:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4096:on 2 August 2015
4086:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4049:
4043:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4021:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3904:
3886:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3833:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3773:
3754:
3745:
3609:Orinoco oil belt
3537:Casiquiare canal
2798:
2503:
2500:(1996 to 1998):
2078:
2075:(2018 to 2023):
1476:Discharge (m/s)
1470:
1402:Casiquiare canal
1390:Guiana Highlands
1347:Casiquiare canal
1200:Orinoquia Bridge
1194:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1153:Casiquiare canal
1122:Angostura Bridge
1076:sailed down the
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
983:
976:
972:
969:
963:
961:
920:
896:
888:
848:in the world by
816:
811:
753:
705:
687:
648:
631:
605:
588:
562:
545:
519:
507:
481:
471:
461:
449:
427:
386:
385:
383:
382:
381:
376:
375:8.617°N 62.250°W
372:
369:
368:
367:
364:
312:
305:
304:
302:
301:
300:
295:
291:
288:
287:
286:
283:
273:
257:
231:
224:
223:
221:
220:
219:
214:
210:
207:
206:
205:
202:
192:
180:Parima Mountains
175:
95:
94:
88:
69:
53:
37:
21:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4810:
4801:
4767:
4761:
4713:
4698:"Orinoco"
4694:
4691:
4637:
4632:
4623:
4621:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4551:
4542:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4508:
4504:
4496:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4461:
4459:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4435:
4431:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4367:10.2307/1564821
4348:
4347:
4343:
4332:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4232:
4223:
4221:
4219:ve.geoview.info
4213:
4212:
4208:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4156:on 4 March 2016
4144:
4143:
4139:
4131:
4118:
4116:"Critical Path"
4114:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3991:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3966:
3960:"Orinoco River"
3958:
3957:
3953:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3864:
3862:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3840:
3835:
3834:
3825:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3775:
3774:
3757:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3706:
3694:
3667:
3650:shallow marine
3617:
3601:
3581:
3573:Puerto Ayacucho
3557:
3486:
1457:
1452:
1370:
1362:stream gradient
1341:, close to the
1330:(330 ft).
1212:
1192:
1180:
1173:
1169:
1094:savanna country
1041:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1019:
984:
973:
967:
964:
921:
919:
909:
897:
886:
866:
840:and the 35% in
809:
751:
703:
683:
646:
629:
603:
592:Puerto Ayacucho
586:
560:
543:
517:
505:
479:
469:
459:
447:
425:
393:
379:
377:
373:
370:
365:
362:
360:
358:
357:
354:
338:
310:
298:
296:
292:
289:
285:74°28′27.3684″W
284:
281:
279:
277:
276:
271:
255:
229:
217:
215:
211:
208:
203:
200:
198:
196:
195:
190:
173:
141:
104:
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
75:
60:
44:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4982:
4980:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4931:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4841:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4818:
4816:
4815:From elsewhere
4812:
4811:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4769:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4711:
4709:
4690:
4689:External links
4687:
4686:
4685:
4678:
4672:
4665:
4653:
4646:Ciudad Bolívar
4636:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4605:
4587:
4561:
4540:
4517:
4502:
4469:
4457:Seriously Fish
4444:
4439:Orinoco Llanos
4429:
4380:
4361:(4): 363–370.
4341:
4326:
4312:
4298:
4280:
4261:
4247:
4230:
4206:
4185:
4167:
4137:
4107:
4078:
4064:
4044:
4031:
4022:
4001:
3976:
3951:
3937:
3923:
3878:Supplement of
3871:
3846:
3823:
3803:
3796:
3755:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3717:
3705:
3702:
3693:
3690:
3678:Ciudad Guayana
3666:
3663:
3659:foreland basin
3644:Guayana Shield
3616:
3613:
3600:
3597:
3580:
3577:
3565:Ciudad Bolívar
3556:
3553:
3529:cardinal tetra
3485:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3098:
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3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
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3078:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
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3054:
3051:
3048:
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3042:
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3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
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2994:
2991:
2988:
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2978:
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2942:
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2934:
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2928:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2793:Ciudad Bolívar
2785:
2784:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2498:Ciudad Guayana
2490:
2489:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
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2390:
2386:
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2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2349:
2346:
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2340:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2073:Ciudad Bolívar
2065:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1868:
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1841:
1836:
1833:
1829:
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1817:
1812:
1809:
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1804:
1801:
1796:
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1761:
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1611:
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1531:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1487:Ciudad Guayana
1484:
1482:Ciudad Bolívar
1478:
1477:
1474:
1465:Ciudad Guayana
1461:Ciudad Bolívar
1456:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1399:
1393:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1366:
1315:Amazonas State
1279:
1278:
1264:
1255:
1253:Puerto Carreño
1229:Middle Orinoco
1226:
1211:
1208:
1204:Ciudad Guayana
1189:Ciudad Guayana
1185:Ciudad Bolívar
1126:Ciudad Bolívar
1070:Diego de Ordaz
1000:Atlantic Ocean
986:
985:
900:
898:
891:
885:
882:
865:
862:
830:drainage basin
800:
799:
796:
795:
754:
748:
747:
706:
700:
699:
696:
692:
691:
688:
680:
679:
677:Atlantic Ocean
674:
670:
669:
665:
664:
661:
660:
649:
643:
642:
632:
626:
625:
622:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
606:
600:
599:
589:
583:
582:
579:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
557:
556:
549:Ciudad Bolívar
546:
540:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
520:
514:
513:
511:Ciudad Guayana
508:
502:
501:
498:
494:
493:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
476:
475:
472:
466:
465:
462:
456:
455:
450:
444:
443:
440:
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
422:
421:
418:
414:
413:
410:
406:
405:
402:
398:
397:
394:
391:
388:
387:
380:8.617; -62.250
355:
352:
349:
348:
342:Atlantic Ocean
339:
336:
333:
332:
327:
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
307:
306:
282:3°31′36.5952″N
274:
268:
267:
258:
252:
251:
248:
244:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
226:
225:
193:
187:
186:
176:
170:
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143:
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140:
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134:
128:
126:
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121:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
99:
90:
89:
83:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
73:drainage basin
70:
62:
61:
57:Ciudad Guayana
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4981:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4959:Orinoco basin
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:Border rivers
4937:
4936:
4934:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
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4095:
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4065:9780784470732
4061:
4057:
4056:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4018:1-59240-052-3
4015:
4011:
4005:
4002:
3990:
3986:
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3977:
3965:
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3955:
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3780:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3748:Orinoco River
3744:
3741:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3711:
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3554:
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3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3517:Characiformes
3514:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
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3259:
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2999:
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2223:
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2210:
2207:
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2201:
2198:
2195:
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2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
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2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2157:
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2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
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2104:
2101:
2098:
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2092:
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2069:
2062:
2060:
2057:
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2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
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1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1842:
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1837:
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1826:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
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1802:
1800:
1797:
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1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
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1754:
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1749:
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1738:
1735:
1734:
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1725:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1451:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1271:Gulf of Paría
1268:
1267:Delta Amacuro
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:Lower Orinoco
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:Atures rapids
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1223:Upper Orinoco
1221:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:Guiana Shield
1209:
1207:
1206:, Venezuela.
1205:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1115:Sierra Parima
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
992:
982:
979:
971:
968:December 2022
960:
957:
953:
950:
946:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929: –
928:
924:
923:Find sources:
917:
913:
907:
906:
901:This section
899:
895:
890:
889:
883:
881:
879:
876:(paddle) and
875:
871:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
823:South America
820:
815:
807:
797:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
755:
749:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:
701:
697:
693:
690:Orinoco River
689:
686:
681:
678:
675:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
644:
640:
636:
633:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
601:
597:
593:
590:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
558:
554:
550:
547:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
515:
512:
509:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
477:
473:
467:
463:
457:
454:
453:Orinoco Delta
451:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
389:
384:
356:
350:
347:
343:
340:
334:
331:
330:Delta Amacuro
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
308:
303:
275:
269:
266:
262:
259:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
227:
222:
194:
188:
185:
181:
177:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
151:
150:South America
148:
144:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
127:
123:
118:
114:
111:
107:
87:
78:
74:
68:
63:
58:
52:
47:
40:Orinoco River
38:
33:
19:
4764:
4714:
4702:
4681:
4668:
4641:
4622:. Retrieved
4618:
4608:
4600:the original
4590:
4582:the original
4577:
4571:
4564:
4530:
4520:
4512:
4505:
4489:
4485:
4472:
4460:. Retrieved
4456:
4447:
4437:
4432:
4400:(1): 12–47.
4397:
4393:
4383:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4334:
4329:
4315:
4301:
4283:
4270:
4264:
4250:
4222:. Retrieved
4218:
4209:
4198:. Retrieved
4188:
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4154:the original
4149:
4140:
4129:the original
4122:
4110:
4098:. Retrieved
4094:the original
4090:"Experience"
4069:. Retrieved
4054:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4025:
4009:
4004:
3992:. Retrieved
3988:
3979:
3967:. Retrieved
3963:
3954:
3940:
3926:
3914:. Retrieved
3892:
3888:
3874:
3863:. Retrieved
3858:
3849:
3778:
3743:
3729:Orinoco Flow
3719:
3698:Orinoco Flow
3695:
3685:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3656:overthrusted
3629:
3625:Caroní River
3602:
3593:World War II
3588:
3582:
3569:Caroní River
3558:
3521:Siluriformes
3502:
3487:
3480:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2748:
2729:
2710:
2691:
2672:
2653:
2634:
2615:
2596:
2577:
2558:
2539:
2519:
2518:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2438:
2410:
2382:
2354:
2326:
2298:
2270:
2242:
2214:
2186:
2158:
2130:
2102:
2070:
2068:
2058:
2047:
2031:
2020:
2004:
1993:
1977:
1966:
1950:
1940:
1924:
1913:
1897:
1886:
1870:
1862:
1846:
1838:
1822:
1814:
1798:
1790:
1774:
1766:
1750:
1742:
1726:
1716:
1695:
1677:
1658:
1639:
1620:
1601:
1582:
1563:
1544:
1523:
1507:
1496:
1458:
1406:distributary
1359:
1339:Puerto Ordaz
1332:
1328:
1297:(lower left)
1295:Caroní River
1266:
1257:
1228:
1222:
1213:
1197:
1178:
1167:
1160:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1098:
1056:such as the
1051:
1012:Parima range
1008:third voyage
997:
974:
965:
955:
948:
941:
934:
922:
910:Please help
905:verification
902:
877:
873:
867:
844:. It is the
833:
827:
805:
803:
685:River system
652:
634:
71:The Orinoco
4876:Cravo Norte
4515:, July 1949
3916:21 February
3724:(2020) book
3494:giant otter
1388:: from the
1317:, Venezuela
1313:Orinoco in
1040: /
695:Tributaries
673:Progression
378: /
297: /
216: /
59:, Venezuela
43:Río Orinoco
4933:Categories
4896:Manacacías
4832:Portuguesa
4650:Pitch Lake
4635:References
4624:2023-12-27
4558:0891813330
4224:2021-07-21
4200:2009-10-31
4160:13 October
4100:13 October
3865:2023-01-07
3692:In culture
3652:sandstones
3632:Anzoategui
3589:El Florero
3549:whitewater
3541:blackwater
1448:See also:
1249:Meta River
1239:rivers at
1137:Hovercraft
1028:63°21′42″W
938:newspapers
729:Capanaparo
709:Casiquiare
409:Basin size
247:2nd source
204:63°21′42″W
4881:Cravo Sur
4772:From the
4662:0886-9308
3985:"Orinoco"
3895:: 35–54.
3714:mythology
3648:Oligocene
3605:tar sands
3599:Tar sands
3533:Rio Negro
2520:1943–1998
2103:1926–2023
1455:Discharge
1351:Rio Negro
1262:Barrancas
1210:Geography
1086:El Dorado
1025:2°19′05″N
1016:Brazilian
927:"Orinoco"
864:Etymology
850:discharge
838:Venezuela
834:Orinoquia
785:Cuchivero
657:Venezuela
653:Tama Tama
621:Discharge
596:Venezuela
578:Discharge
553:Venezuela
535:Discharge
497:Discharge
439:Discharge
346:Venezuela
201:2°19′05″N
184:Venezuela
137:Venezuela
125:Countries
109:Etymology
4871:Casanare
4844:Guaviare
4797:Ventuari
4535:Archived
4494:Archived
4424:27312713
4180:Archived
4071:13 April
3994:11 April
3969:11 April
3907:Archived
3704:See also
3585:iron ore
3561:dredging
3527:and the
3509:brackish
3492:and the
1436:Ventuari
1418:Guaviare
1343:Llovizna
1237:Guaviare
1078:Casanare
842:Colombia
777:Parguaza
769:Ventuari
725:Cinaruco
713:Guaviare
639:Colombia
265:Colombia
132:Colombia
120:Location
4918:Vichada
4913:Tuparro
4891:Lengupá
4886:Cusiana
4866:Ariporo
4854:Inírida
4849:Arriari
4827:Guárico
4782:Atabapo
4765:Orinoco
4402:Bibcode
4375:1564821
3820:. 2016.
3710:Adaheli
3640:Monagas
3636:Guarico
3607:in the
3513:estuary
3505:endemic
3484:Ecology
3470:31,770
3464:28,108
3456:32,523
3450:33,442
3444:29,128
3436:39,094
3430:29,638
3424:36,734
3416:39,378
3410:30,472
3404:31,076
3396:28,915
3390:34,090
3384:38,310
3376:32,017
3370:35,040
3364:36,177
3356:36,467
3350:30,380
3344:33,858
3336:34,302
3330:31,493
3324:38,220
3316:35,474
3310:36,130
3304:32,096
3296:29,476
3290:36,224
3284:32,745
3276:31,632
3270:38,080
3264:31,818
3256:32,041
3250:35,018
3244:30,426
3236:38,685
3230:32,885
3224:36,363
3216:37,957
3210:32,514
3204:33,395
3196:35,286
3190:30,705
3184:34,878
3176:26,041
3170:37,290
3164:38,403
3156:32,378
3150:29,313
3144:31,540
3136:34,477
3130:26,344
3124:28,200
3116:35,901
3110:27,597
3104:25,232
3096:31,980
3090:36,177
3084:28,292
3076:35,717
3070:33,673
3064:37,383
3056:34,728
3050:34,600
3044:29,962
3036:34,002
3030:32,606
3024:31,260
3016:25,695
3010:32,280
3004:31,168
2996:33,415
2990:34,323
2984:34,137
2976:34,925
2970:29,220
2964:32,792
2956:35,000
2950:27,643
2944:33,302
2936:28,757
2930:27,736
2924:33,766
2916:35,992
2910:32,560
2904:30,610
2896:29,360
2890:32,930
2884:32,653
2876:35,110
2870:27,830
2864:32,838
2856:35,204
2850:31,818
2844:37,476
2836:28,571
2830:30,333
2824:23,376
2745:30,130
2742:21,116
2739:36,094
2726:38,345
2723:28,372
2720:45,267
2707:54,189
2704:38,742
2701:57,912
2688:66,416
2685:53,825
2682:65,933
2669:67,756
2666:61,275
2663:67,639
2650:63,659
2647:55,597
2644:61,177
2631:49,062
2628:43,142
2625:45,781
2612:32,751
2609:25,152
2606:23,670
2593:12,411
2590:12,615
2587:12,514
2571:15,767
2568:15,334
2552:17,144
2549:14,486
2536:10,919
2533:24,386
2530:17,627
2435:15,450
2432:31,527
2429:22,437
2426:24,718
2423:22,317
2420:21,457
2407:23,332
2404:45,509
2401:36,518
2398:36,926
2395:34,644
2392:34,852
2379:52,622
2376:54,020
2373:53,294
2370:50,060
2367:48,298
2364:50,838
2351:67,129
2348:73,589
2345:68,441
2342:63,638
2339:69,859
2336:70,591
2323:68,742
2320:75,912
2317:74,873
2314:57,742
2311:72,203
2308:82,611
2295:59,398
2292:68,499
2289:68,208
2286:42,542
2283:57,240
2280:73,295
2267:41,963
2264:50,344
2261:63,086
2258:29,204
2255:36,447
2252:46,541
2239:19,290
2236:28,156
2233:33,363
2230:11,688
2227:17,343
2224:27,262
2211:10,036
2208:13,860
2205:16,378
2180:10,187
2127:14,528
2124:11,067
2121:19,108
2118:13,667
2112:11,009
2063:81,831
2052:68,742
2036:85,238
2025:75,912
2009:79,487
1998:74,873
1982:54,640
1971:63,638
1955:70,248
1945:72,203
1929:87,303
1918:82,611
1902:85,997
1891:77,315
1875:83,098
1867:78,398
1851:65,903
1843:71,136
1827:66,050
1819:71,214
1803:62,151
1795:65,850
1779:74,566
1771:77,909
1755:92,258
1747:74,367
1731:86,581
1721:75,807
1705:67,992
1700:59,671
1682:70,536
1666:65,611
1663:71,527
1647:71,446
1644:77,422
1628:57,471
1625:64,800
1609:66,367
1606:74,208
1590:77,802
1587:74,367
1571:66,561
1568:74,367
1552:60,493
1549:59,527
1533:71,080
1528:67,667
1442:Vichada
1424:Inírida
1386:Atabapo
1233:Atabapo
1159:series
952:scholar
884:History
806:Orinoco
773:Suapure
745:Guárico
717:Vichada
635:Masagua
366:62°15′W
4839:Arauca
4787:Caroní
4660:
4556:
4462:24 May
4422:
4373:
4062:
4016:
3794:
3682:Caroní
3654:in an
3545:clear-
2781:35,537
2775:36,844
2770:33,094
2765:38,620
2749:29,229
2730:40,805
2711:53,201
2692:63,244
2673:64,975
2654:58,412
2635:45,179
2616:26,317
2597:10,609
2574:8,906
2559:10,108
2555:7,583
2540:16,661
2506:Month
2486:32,836
2480:32,523
2475:39,094
2470:39,378
2465:28,915
2460:32,017
2455:36,467
2439:22,974
2411:35,752
2383:51,206
2355:66,502
2327:69,207
2299:57,550
2271:39,205
2243:20,295
2202:5,080
2199:5,634
2196:6,862
2183:8,377
2177:7,279
2174:4,570
2171:4,846
2168:4,693
2155:9,412
2152:6,463
2149:9,554
2146:7,142
2143:6,414
2140:7,593
2131:11,637
2115:8,955
2081:Month
2059:36,380
2055:8,774
2048:32,523
2044:8,377
2032:42,663
2028:9,679
2021:39,094
2017:6,463
2005:42,786
2001:9,199
1994:39,378
1990:7,279
1978:31,551
1974:6,018
1967:28,915
1963:4,570
1951:34,620
1941:32,017
1937:4,846
1925:40,870
1921:6,637
1914:36,467
1910:4,693
1898:39,057
1894:8,936
1887:34,302
1883:7,520
1871:39,841
1863:35,474
1859:3,514
1847:33,742
1839:29,476
1835:5,725
1823:36,018
1815:31,632
1811:4,364
1799:36,484
1791:32,041
1787:5,581
1775:44,049
1767:38,685
1763:7,805
1751:40,189
1743:37,957
1739:6,368
1727:40,101
1717:35,286
1713:3,067
1696:26,041
1692:7,419
1678:32,378
1674:4,754
1659:34,477
1655:3,949
1640:35,901
1636:6,521
1621:31,980
1617:5,439
1602:35,717
1598:4,071
1583:34,728
1579:3,287
1564:34,002
1560:3,868
1545:25,695
1541:3,438
1524:33,415
1520:4,799
1396:Caroní
1380:Arauca
1355:Amazon
1335:Caroní
1193:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1145:Brazil
1141:Manaus
1054:llanos
954:
947:
940:
933:
925:
858:Llanos
819:rivers
793:Caroní
761:Sipapo
757:Mavaca
737:Arauca
698:
624:
581:
538:
500:
442:
420:
401:Length
363:8°37′N
165:Source
146:Region
4822:Apure
4792:Caura
4497:(PDF)
4482:(PDF)
4371:JSTOR
4333:WWF:
4293:(PDF)
4275:(PDF)
4132:(PDF)
4119:(PDF)
3910:(PDF)
3885:(PDF)
3841:(PDF)
3818:(PDF)
3736:Notes
3473:2024
3467:1991
3461:1958
3453:2023
3447:1990
3441:1957
3433:2022
3427:1989
3421:1956
3413:2021
3407:1988
3401:1955
3393:2020
3387:1987
3381:1954
3373:2019
3367:1986
3361:1953
3353:2018
3347:1985
3341:1952
3333:2017
3327:1984
3321:1951
3313:2016
3307:1983
3301:1950
3293:2015
3287:1982
3281:1949
3273:2014
3267:1981
3261:1948
3253:2013
3247:1980
3241:1947
3233:2012
3227:1979
3221:1946
3213:2011
3207:1978
3201:1945
3193:2010
3187:1977
3181:1944
3173:2009
3167:1976
3161:1943
3153:2008
3147:1975
3141:1942
3133:2007
3127:1974
3121:1941
3113:2006
3107:1973
3101:1940
3093:2005
3087:1972
3081:1939
3073:2004
3067:1971
3061:1938
3053:2003
3047:1970
3041:1937
3033:2002
3027:1969
3021:1936
3013:2001
3007:1968
3001:1935
2993:2000
2987:1967
2981:1934
2973:1999
2967:1966
2961:1933
2953:1998
2947:1965
2941:1932
2933:1997
2927:1964
2921:1931
2913:1996
2907:1963
2901:1930
2893:1995
2887:1962
2881:1929
2873:1994
2867:1961
2861:1928
2853:1993
2847:1960
2841:1927
2833:1992
2827:1959
2821:1926
2813:Year
2807:Year
2801:Year
2578:7,702
2515:1998
2512:1997
2509:1996
2215:7,347
2187:5,521
2159:6,840
2099:2023
2096:2022
2093:2021
2090:2020
2087:2019
2084:2018
2041:2023
2014:2022
1987:2021
1960:2020
1934:2019
1907:2018
1880:2017
1856:2016
1832:2015
1808:2014
1784:2013
1760:2012
1736:2011
1710:2010
1689:2009
1671:2008
1652:2007
1633:2006
1614:2005
1595:2004
1576:2003
1557:2002
1538:2001
1517:2000
1473:Year
1412:Caura
1374:Apure
1275:delta
1149:SR.N6
1139:from
1058:Apure
959:JSTOR
945:books
874:güiri
870:Warao
854:delta
781:Caura
765:Ocamo
741:Apure
417:Depth
325:Mouth
113:Warao
4908:Tomo
4901:Upía
4861:Meta
4658:ISSN
4554:ISBN
4464:2014
4420:PMID
4162:2015
4102:2015
4073:2015
4060:ISBN
4014:ISBN
3996:2020
3971:2020
3918:2022
3792:ISBN
3638:and
3543:and
3519:and
3490:boto
3488:The
2816:m/s
2810:m/s
2804:m/s
2760:Mean
2736:DEC
2717:NOV
2698:OCT
2679:SEP
2660:AUG
2641:JUL
2622:JUN
2603:MAY
2584:APR
2565:MAR
2546:FEB
2527:JAN
2450:Mean
2417:DEC
2389:NOV
2361:OCT
2333:SEP
2305:AUG
2277:JUL
2249:JUN
2221:MAY
2193:APR
2165:MAR
2137:FEB
2109:JAN
1512:Max
1508:Mean
1504:Min
1501:Max
1497:Mean
1493:Min
1463:and
1430:Meta
1360:The
1235:and
1187:and
1135:and
1082:Coro
1062:Meta
1060:and
931:news
878:noko
828:Its
804:The
733:Meta
721:Tomo
4719:at
4410:doi
4363:doi
4124:PEI
3897:doi
3784:doi
3750:at
3547:to
1251:at
1157:BBC
1124:at
914:by
821:in
789:Aro
4935::
4701:.
4617:.
4543:^
4529:.
4490:15
4488:.
4484:.
4455:.
4418:.
4408:.
4398:89
4396:.
4392:.
4369:.
4359:27
4357:.
4233:^
4217:.
4148:.
4121:.
4081:^
3987:.
3962:.
3905:.
3893:26
3891:.
3887:.
3857:.
3826:^
3806:^
3790:.
3782:.
3758:^
3661:.
1172:kV
1096:.
791:,
787:,
783:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
767:,
763:,
759:,
743:,
739:,
735:,
731:,
727:,
723:,
719:,
715:,
711:,
655:,
637:,
594:,
551:,
344:,
263:,
182:,
4756:e
4749:t
4742:v
4627:.
4574:"
4466:.
4426:.
4412::
4404::
4377:.
4365::
4323:.
4309:.
4295:.
4277:.
4258:.
4244:.
4227:.
4203:.
4164:.
4104:.
4075:.
4020:.
3998:.
3973:.
3948:.
3934:.
3920:.
3899::
3868:.
3843:.
3800:.
3786::
3727:"
3634:-
1143:(
981:)
975:(
970:)
966:(
956:·
949:·
942:·
935:·
908:.
808:(
34:.
20:)
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