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impact zone, which spanned the 77th to the 85th floors. About 14 or 15 minutes before the South Tower collapsed, a group of people who had survived the plane's impact began their descent from the 78th floor. As they departed, Palmer sent word to Chief Edward
Geraghty that a group of 10 people, some of whom exhibited injuries, were heading to an elevator on the 41st floor, the only one left working by the plane's impact. However, on its last trip down, the car became stuck in the shaft. Inside the elevator was a Ladder 15 firefighter who reported that he was trying to break open the walls. It is unclear whether the group of 10 had reached that elevator before it left the 41st floor, but those who listened to the tape said it was most unlikely that they had enough time to escape, by the elevator or by stairs.
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the families of the 9/11 victims, with some hailing the decision, and others protesting the location as inappropriate. Among the latter was Orio Palmer's brother-in-law, FDNY Lt. James McCaffrey, who demanded a ground-level tomb as a more dignified location. McCaffrey said, "The decision to put the human remains of the 9/11 dead in this basement is inherently disrespectful and totally offensive." McCaffrey stated that the remains deserve a place of prominence equal to that of the
Memorial's trees and pools, and opined that the ceremony was held early in the morning due to opposition to the decision.
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particular concern to the chiefs—in light of FDNY difficulties in responding to the 1993 bombing—was communications capability. One of the chiefs recommended testing the repeater channel to see if it would work." Peter Hayden, who survived, later testified, "People watching on TV certainly had more knowledge of what was happening a hundred floors above us than we did in the lobby.... ithout critical information coming in... it's very difficult to make informed, critical decisions".
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470:, and his team not far behind him were able to free a group of civilians trapped in an elevator at 9:58 am. Palmer radioed that the area was open to the 79th floor, "well into the impact zone", and reported "numerous civilian fatalities in the area". One minute later, at 9:59 am, the South Tower collapsed, killing everyone still inside, including Palmer and FDNY Marshal
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pavement outside reverberates. According to
Michael Daly, "Palmer stood steady and calm, an air pack on his back, a red flashlight bound with black elastic to his white helmet, a radio in his left hand. His face showed only a readiness to do whatever was needed." The men decided that Burns and Palmer would proceed to the South Tower.
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at 9:03 am, Palmer moved into that building with Chief Burns. Although most elevators had been rendered non-operational, Palmer, who was well versed in elevators, managed to get a freight elevator to bring him and several members of Ladder 15 partway up the building to the 41st floor, halfway to the
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When new tapes were made public in 2006, Palmer's brother-in-law, FDNY Lt. Jim McCaffrey, stated, "It was emotional sitting with my wife and sister-in-law, listening to the tapes. You're hearing him right at that point prior to the collapse, about the things he saw on the 78th floor. Before that, we
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In an early-morning ceremony on May 10, 2014, the long-unidentified remains of 1,115 victims were transferred from the city medical examiner's to Ground Zero, where they would be placed in a space in the bedrock 70 feet below ground, as part of the 9/11 Museum. Reaction to the move was split among
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The 9/11 Commission carefully analyzed the FDNY radio communications that day, and reported that the battalion chief (Palmer) was able to maintain radio communication that "worked well" with the senior chief in the lobby of the South Tower during the first fifteen minutes of his ascent. A message
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at the North Tower. It shows Palmer conferring with Deputy Chief Peter Hayden and
Assistant Chief Donald Burns at the North Tower. The South Tower had just been hit. The men discuss how to respond to the two towers, and the communications problems they faced. The sound of a falling body hitting
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relied on analysis of the North Tower lobby conversations between Palmer, Peter Hayden and Donald Burns in the film shot by Jules and Gedeon Naudet to better understand what was and was not working on the fire department's communications in those critical minutes. The report stated that, "Of
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When an audiotape of communication with the firefighters was released, it revealed that firefighters did not anticipate the building's collapse. Palmer, issuing an order to one of his subordinates, was recorded seconds before the building collapsed. Peter
Charles Hoffer described Palmer's
466:) that the impact was on the 78th floor was relayed to Palmer, and he decided to try to take his team to that level. Beginning at 9:21 am, Palmer was no longer able to reach the lobby command post, but his transmissions were recorded and analyzed later. He reached the 78th floor
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Michael Daly concluded that Palmer, "an uncommonly brave fire chief who was one of the department's most knowledgeable minds in communications perished never knowing of warnings [of collapsing floors] telephoned by at least two callers less than 30 stories above him."
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and families of some of the firefighters killed on
September 11. Monica Gabrielle of the Skyscraper Safety Campaign commented on the release of the tapes: "Today we are one step closer to learning what happened on 9/11 in NYC — where we excelled, where we failed."
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He was said to be one of the "most knowledgeable people in the department" about radio communication in high-rise fires, and authored a training article for the department on how to use repeaters to boost radio reception during such emergencies.
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professionalism during the final moments of his life: "Listening to Palmer and his comrades on the recovered tape, one can hear the urgency of men working at high efficiency, but there was never a hint that the clock was running out on them."
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of London, "Chief Palmer made it to the impact zone on the 78th floor of the south tower before the building collapsed. Once there the battalion chief reported 'Numerous 10–45s, Code Ones' — fire department code for dead people."
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Numerous papers and articles regarding
Firefighting and Firefighter Safety; article(s) regarding Radio communications in High-rise building fires and use of repeaters to ensure communication while fighting High-rise building
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Although they lost their lives themselves, Palmer and his crew had played an "indispensable role in ensuring calm in the stairwells, assisting the injured and guiding the evacuees on the lower floors."
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for the first time, dedicating his participation in that event to his daughter Dana in honor of her first birthday. He later completed a number of other races and fitness challenges, including a few
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On
Debunking 9/11 Debunking: Examining Dr. David Ray Griffin’s Latest Criticism of the NIST World Trade Center Investigation, by Ryan Mackey (Orio Palmer's observations are discussed on pages 26–27)
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235:. Palmer led the team of firefighters that reached the 78th floor of the South Tower, the floor where the plane had struck the building. As of 2024, his remains have never been identified.
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The New York City Fire
Department honored Palmer by renaming its physical fitness award the Deputy Chief Orio Palmer Fitness Award, also known as the Orio Palmer Memorial Fitness Award.
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Reporter
Michael Daly wrote, "The 45-year-old Palmer was one of the department's rising stars, renowned for his smarts and nerve and decency, as well as his physical fitness."
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Transcripts of Palmer's last broadcast were published in 2002. The actual recordings were made public in 2005, as the result of a lawsuit filed by
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1078:"Voices of courage and terror resurrected by the 9/11 tapes: After four years, families of firefighters have forced release of radio messages"
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The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States
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Palmer was the first FDNY member to be awarded the department's physical fitness award five times.
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struck the North Tower at 8:46 am, Palmer helped organize operations there. Soon after
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Debunking 911 Conspiracy Theories: The Fires – Orio Palmer, Deputy Chief, Battalion 7
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Stepansky, Joseph; Badia, Erik; McShane, Larry (May 11, 2014). "The Anger Remains".
940:"This Son of an FDNY Legend Hunted His Dad's 9/11 Killers Through Five Combat Tours"
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971:"Park City Remembers the 20th Anniversary of September 11th With Solemn Ceremony"
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He married Debbie Palmer, and they had three children, Dana, Keith, and Alyssa.
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279:. Historian Peter Charles Hoffer wrote that Palmer was "in superb condition".
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in the Bronx, in 1974. He held an associate degree in electrical technology.
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102 Minutes: The Untold Story of the Fight to Survive Inside the Twin Towers
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Palmer's name and those of other first responders on Panel S-17 of the
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1223:"S3, E27 Inside the FDNY Fitness Unit with Captain Thomas Tanzosh"
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219:(March 2, 1956 – September 11, 2001) was a Battalion Chief of the
1002:"9-11 film grips N.Y.ERS HBO documentary all too real for heroes"
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Scoppetta, Nicholas; Cassano, Salvatore J. (December 14, 2006).
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Internet Archive – NY Fire Department's 9/11 Radio Dispatches
349:. The video footage was shot by French documentary filmmaker
592:"Fire Department Tape Reveals No Awareness of Imminent Doom"
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Cardinal Spellman High School; Westchester Community College
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Bill Egbert; Richard Weir; Bill Hutchinson (May 27, 2002).
520:, Palmer is memorialized at the South Pool, on Panel S-17.
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In 2002, a portion of East 234th Street between Vireo and
756:. Cardinal Spellman H. S. – Class of 1974. Archived from
261:, New York City, on March 2, 1956. Palmer graduated from
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906:"Remembering FDNY Hero Battalion Chief Orio J. Palmer"
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Remnants of the South Tower after its collapse in the
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Seven fires: the urban infernos that reshaped America
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didn't even know he got higher than the 40th floor."
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9/11 (CBS); In Memoriam: New York City, 9/11/01 (HBO)
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Emergency workers killed in the September 11 attacks
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Cardinal Spellman High School (New York City) alumni
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radio communications during the September 11 attacks
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717:"The 9/11 Firefighter Whose Name You Need to Know"
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510:was renamed "Deputy Chief Orio J. Palmer Way."
1051:Dwyer, Jim; Fessenden, Ford (August 4, 2002).
552:"A Week in West for 9/11 Firefighter Families"
1335:"South Pool: Panel S-17 - Orio Joseph Palmer"
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1319:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1204:, Historic Districts Council, 3 January 2017
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817:"Orio Joseph Palmer: Letter to a Father"
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159:Numerous Medals of Valor, Unit Citations
119:Associate degree (Electrical Technology)
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1264:from the original on September 11, 2022
1171:Gaskell, Stephanie (17 November 2002).
683:. W. W. Norton & Company. pp.
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564:from the original on January 11, 2012
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1465:Westchester Community College alumni
1460:Terrorism deaths in New York (state)
969:Higgins, Sean (September 11, 2021).
938:Daly, Michael (September 11, 2021).
271:According to John Norman, author of
916:from the original on April 14, 2022
910:National 9/11 Memorial & Museum
727:from the original on April 25, 2023
715:Ratliff, Shannon (September 2022).
604:from the original on March 31, 2008
347:In Memoriam: New York City, 9/11/01
1252:Smith, Erin (September 10, 2021).
1090:from the original on June 29, 2011
1012:from the original on June 29, 2011
847:Fire Officer's Handbook of Tactics
331:Footage of Palmer was used in the
273:Fire Officer's Handbook of Tactics
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1139:Farmer, John (February 6, 2005).
981:from the original on July 5, 2022
815:Palmer, Dana (January 29, 2002).
784:Dwyer, Jim; Flynn, Kevin (2006).
632:Daly, Michael (August 11, 2002).
1455:People murdered in New York City
1301:from the original on May 8, 2023
1109:Dillon, Nancy (March 27, 2006).
950:from the original on May 8, 2023
1173:"STREET OF HONOR FOR 9/11 HERO"
1076:Bone, James (August 13, 2005).
850:. PennWell Books. p. 341.
874:Hoffer, Peter Charles (2006).
496:National September 11 Memorial
369:strikes the 78th floor of the
275:, Palmer was very fit and ran
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1292:New York City Fire Department
300:New York City Fire Department
263:Cardinal Spellman High School
221:New York City Fire Department
198:New York City Fire Department
16:American fire battalion chief
550:Mai Tran (January 3, 2003).
754:"Orio Palmer – Alumni Page"
390:American Airlines Flight 11
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1450:New York City firefighters
1285:"Department Order No. 101"
1035:"First Chief on the Scene"
642:. New York. Archived from
634:"His brave voice resounds"
394:United Airlines Flight 175
367:United Airlines Flight 175
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433:Role in analysis of 9/11
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518:National 9/11 Memorial
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454:9/11 Commission Report
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242:9/11 Commission Report
1141:"A September Morning"
844:Norman, John (2005).
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1146:The Washington Post
1065:on 28 October 2021.
341:, and later in the
227:trapped inside the
83:Cause of death
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1058:The New York Times
822:The New York Times
760:on January 8, 2010
646:on August 15, 2011
597:The New York Times
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298:Palmer joined the
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229:World Trade Center
217:Orio Joseph Palmer
188:Firefighter career
109:Westbury, New York
67:September 11, 2001
1367:(New York). p. 4.
1037:. September 2002.
887:978-1-58648-355-5
880:. PublicAffairs.
857:978-1-59370-061-4
801:978-0-8050-8032-2
694:978-0-393-06041-6
557:Los Angeles Times
327:North Tower lobby
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1396:Orio Palmer
1349:October 29,
1208:October 19,
944:Daily Beast
398:South Tower
371:South Tower
202:Battalion 7
200:(1981–2001)
91:South Tower
23:Orio Palmer
1409:Categories
1365:Daily News
1117:. New York
1115:Daily News
1006:Daily News
825:. New York
639:Daily News
588:Dwyer, Jim
528:References
288:triathlons
194:Department
132:Television
44:1956-03-02
1083:The Times
792:Macmillan
508:the Bronx
468:sky lobby
450:In 2004,
421:The Times
259:the Bronx
225:civilians
116:Education
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1315:cite web
1296:Archived
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486:Legacy
388:After
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