300:, in the standard configuration (128 kb) there are only 59, and expensive or scarce components are not used, you can use obsolete series microcircuits. For the same reasons, the KR580VM80A was used as the CPU, as the cheapest and most affordable. Moreover, the Orion circuitry is such that the processor operates at its maximum frequency of 2.5 MHz without any delays. The same idea of transparent access to RAM is implemented, which was previously applied in the "Specialist" and its clones. Other domestic machines used WAIT cycles to synchronize the processor with the video part, which reduced performance by 25%. This made the Orion, along with the Corvette, the fastest domestic home computer on this processor. For example, Vector-06Ts, which has a much higher
339:
font. But in
Corvette, Ocean and Vector, a 512 * 256 screen is used, therefore, even with a lower CPU speed and a larger screen buffer, their text processing is much faster and prettier, and the raster occupies the entire screen (while in "Orion" only part of the screen). As a disadvantage, sometimes they point to the lack of a hardware sound generator (the sound is generated purely by software, with a heavy processor load). This is possible because the authors understood that the gaming niche in the country was already occupied by ZX-Spectrum clones.
315:
screen organization is also in the "Specialist", "Vector" and "Ocean"). A color screen in 16-color mode consists of two planes - the graphics plane and the color plane. For text in a single-color window, this speeds up output and shifting, as before output, the window is first painted over, which halves the amount of output bytes per character (relative to CGA), and with a video in the window, the color simply does not need to be changed. Also, in all video modes, Orion allows you to use up to 4 software-switchable
311:, only with a different organization), 4 colors selected from two palettes and visually the number of colors can be increased due to a mosaic of colored dots, as is done in CGA games. This mode is typical for many Western computers of this level (alas, this mode was almost never used by programs, because it was not needed for text, and there was no graphic editor for creating games); and for games and texts there is a convenient 16-color mode (only 2 colors are possible within the screen byte).
887:
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The organization of the Orion screen is linear and very convenient for the programmer - the low byte of the address specifies the vertical position of the screen byte, and the high byte indicates its horizontal position. This simplified and accelerated the display of graphics on the screen (a similar
338:
As relative shortcomings of "Orion" can be noted only non-optimal screen resolution of 384 * 256 at a video signal frequency of 10 MHz. This leads to the need to use an ugly, and most importantly, non-byte 6*10 font, which (due to the need for masking) is displayed 2.5 times slower than an 8*10 byte
295:
from another domestic computer with 128 kb RAM - Okean-240. The Orion developers, they say, set themselves the task of creating an inexpensive, simple and affordable consumer PC with good graphics capabilities, and they succeeded. In the minimum configuration (without color, with 64 kb RAM), ORION
330:
For Orion-128, its developers initially created the author's ORDOS operating system, designed to work not with a disk drive, but with a ROM disk (external ROM readable through PPA), RAM disks (the second and subsequent 60- kilobyte pages of RAM) and a tape recorder. ORDOS made it possible to work
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But the lack of hardware screen shift, contrary to the reviews on some sites, is not at all a disadvantage, because thanks to the vertically linear organization of the screen, the vertical shift of the screen by the stack is fast enough, and the horizontal shift is simply not needed.
27:
307:"Orion" has high graphics capabilities for this class of machines - a resolution of 384x256 allows good graphics in games, although the resolution is still insufficient for text processing; a full-fledged color mode is provided with its own color for each pixel (analogous to
159:
and had similar specifications, with both advances and flaws. It gained more popularity because it was supported by a more popular magazine. In the early 1990s the computer was produced industrially at the
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comfortably with a computer without having disk drives that were not available at that time (the Okean-240, a small-scale production of Okean-240, also had a similar built-in ROM OS
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and data storage format on the cassette, and with another amateur radio computer, "Specialist" in terms of graphic screen format. Apparently, he also used the idea of an
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319:. This allows you to output to a currently invisible screen and then instantly turn it on, which eliminates the problems with flickering
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running on an electronic disk from RAM). Of the serial home computers, the Junior FV-6506, which also used CP/M, had something similar.
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16-color mode (each group of 8 horizontal pixels can use one of 16 foreground colors and one of 16 background colors)
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of 3 MHz, is inferior to Orion in terms of speed due to the slowdown of the processor by the video controller.
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Keyboard: 67 keys. The keyboard matrix is attached via programmable peripheral interface chip KR580VV55 (
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magazine in 1990, other materials for the computer were published until 1996. It was the last
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168:. Much of the software for the Orion-128 was ported by hobbyists from the Specialist and the
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229:. Text can be displayed using 64 columns × 25 rows of characters. Images for the upper case
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424:[The personal radio ham's computer "Orion-128". A printed circuit board topology].
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327:. On the Orion, even large sprites can be moved across the screen without flickering.
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287:"Orion" is partially compatible with "Radio-86RK" in terms of keyboard, standard ROM
263:, ROM drive (a special board containing a set of ROM chips). In later years a floppy
260:
89:
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395:"Программное обеспечение персонального радиолюбительского компьютера "Орион-128""
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in dynamic games and the need to deal with this due to interruptions, as in the
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monochrome mode (two color palettes available: black and green, yellow and blue)
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451:[Testing process of the personal radio ham's computer "Orion-128"].
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397:[Software for the personal radio ham's computer "Orion-128"].
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4-color mode (each pixel has its own color, two palettes available)
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365:"Персональный радиолюбительский компьютер "Орион-128""
367:[Personal radio ham's computer "Orion-128"].
106:
95:
83:
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54:
36:
420:Сугоняко, В.; Сафронов, В.; Коненков, К. (1990).
393:Сугоняко, В.; Сафронов, В.; Коненков, К. (1990).
363:Сугоняко, В.; Сафронов, В.; Коненков, К. (1990).
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488:
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475:"Soviet Digital Electronics Museum - Orion-128"
202:in original version, expandable to 256 KiB. A
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8:
497:"ПК второй половины 1980-х годов. Часть II."
155:The Orion-128 used the same concepts as the
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422:"ПРК "Орион-128". Топология печатной платы"
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221:Video: three graphics modes with the same
79:in original version, expandable to 256 KiB
25:
18:
164:pilot plant of machine graphics means in
871:History of computing in the Soviet Union
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386:
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455:(in Russian). No. 5. p. 33.
428:(in Russian). No. 4. p. 44.
401:(in Russian). No. 2. p. 46.
371:(in Russian). No. 1. p. 37.
7:
883:
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447:Сугоняко, В.; Сафронов, В. (1990).
271:hard disk controller were developed
245:. List of graphics modes includes:
901:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
241:encoding are built in the Monitor
14:
192:A clone) clocked at 2.5 MHz.
885:
548:List of Soviet computer systems
147:-based DIY computer in Russia.
500:Виртуальный Компьютерный Музей
1:
42:; 34 years ago
969:
880:
866:
554:
449:"Наладка ПРК "Орион-128""
278:clone) and scanned by CPU
139:. It was featured in the
128:
31:Soviet computer Orion-128
24:
502:. www.computer-museum.ru
293:electronic disk from RAM
176:Technical specifications
16:Soviet DIY home computer
953:Computer hardware stubs
948:Soviet computer systems
67:A clone) @ 2.5 MHz
135:computer designed in
225:384 × 256
99:384 × 256
644:Electronika MS 1504
639:Electronika MS 1502
21:
634:Electronika SS BIS
495:Владимир Трушкин.
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909:
895:computer hardware
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296:contains only 42
212:: 2 KiB contains
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85:Removable storage
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223:image resolution
206:scheme was used.
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283:Peculiarities
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90:Cassette tape
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903:expanding it
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504:. Retrieved
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368:
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166:Oryol Oblast
154:
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137:Soviet Union
120:
118:
37:Release date
325:ZX-Spectrum
289:subroutines
170:ZX Spectrum
942:Categories
869:See also:
853:Vector-06C
818:Specialist
793:Radio-86RK
506:2017-11-03
347:References
302:clock rate
276:Intel 8255
190:Intel 8080
186:KR580VM80A
157:Specialist
145:Intel 8080
65:Intel 8080
61:KR580VM80A
754:Orion-128
599:Dubna 48K
579:ATM Turbo
461:0033-765X
434:0033-765X
407:0033-765X
377:0033-765X
129:Орион-128
121:Orion-128
113:: 67 keys
20:Orion-128
759:Pentagon
724:Microsha
719:Micro-80
239:KOI-7 N2
231:Cyrillic
217:firmware
151:Overview
111:Keyboard
96:Graphics
783:PS-3000
779:PS-2000
774:Promina
769:Pravetz
669:Hrazdan
659:GVS-100
654:ES PEVM
569:Aragats
321:sprites
267:and an
214:monitor
131:) is a
125:Russian
45: (
823:Strela
808:SM EVM
699:Korvet
679:Irisha
664:Hobbit
649:ES EVM
604:Elbrus
459:
432:
405:
375:
227:pixels
198:: 128
101:pixels
72:Memory
893:This
858:Vesna
848:UT-88
833:CUM-1
803:Setun
788:Radon
764:Poisk
749:Nairi
744:MIR-3
739:MIR-2
729:Minsk
694:KVM-1
674:Iskra
594:Dnepr
589:Besta
574:Argon
453:Радио
426:Радио
399:Радио
369:Радио
235:Latin
162:Livny
141:Radio
107:Input
899:stub
843:Ural
813:Sneg
714:MESM
689:Kiev
684:Juku
609:UKNC
584:BESM
564:Agat
457:ISSN
430:ISSN
403:ISSN
373:ISSN
333:CP/M
233:and
119:The
75:128
47:1990
40:1990
828:SVS
734:MIR
704:M-1
614:DVK
309:CGA
269:ATA
243:ROM
210:ROM
200:KiB
196:RAM
182:CPU
133:DIY
77:KiB
56:CPU
944::
838:UM
781:,
483:^
385:^
355:^
184::
172:.
127::
930:e
923:t
916:v
905:.
709:M
559:A
540:e
533:t
526:v
509:.
477:.
463:.
436:.
409:.
379:.
188:(
123:(
63:(
49:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
