180:
1103:, which projects onto the dome of the planetarium a Sun with either dots or small images of the planets. These usually are limited to the planets from Mercury to Saturn, although some include Uranus. The light sources for the planets are projected onto mirrors which are geared to a motor which drives the images on the dome. Typically the Earth will circle the Sun in one minute, while the other planets will complete an orbit in time periods proportional to their actual motion. Thus Venus, which takes 224.7 days to orbit the Sun, will take 37 seconds to complete an orbit on an orrery, and Jupiter will take 11 minutes, 52 seconds.
1128:
1827:
637:
328:
1831:
378:
96:
336:
1083:; it is a true to scale (20 billion to one), true to position (accurate to within four days) human orrery. The first four planets are relatively close to one another, but the next four require a certain amount of hiking in order to visit them. A census of all permanent human orreries has been initiated by the French group F-HOU with a new effort to study their impact for education in schools. A map of known human orreries is available.
2423:
633:, in the Netherlands. It displays the planets across the width of a room's ceiling, and has been in operation almost continually since it was created. This orrery is a planetarium in both senses of the word: a complex machine showing planetary orbits, and a theatre for depicting the planets' movement. Eisinga house was bought by the Dutch Royal family who gave him a pension.
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27:
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1170:, is in fact an orrery. It was constructed between 1774 and 1781. The base of the model faces down from the ceiling of the room, with most of the mechanical works in the space above the ceiling. It is driven by a pendulum clock, which has 9 weights or ponds. The planets move around the model in real time.
1604:
But if that sphere which was lately made by our friend
Posidonius, the regular revolutions of which show the course of the sun, moon, and five wandering stars, as it is every day and night performed, were carried into Scythia or Britain, who, in those barbarous countries, would doubt that that sphere
1086:
A normal mechanical clock could be used to produce an extremely simple orrery to demonstrate the principle, with the Sun in the centre, Earth on the minute hand and
Jupiter on the hour hand; Earth would make 12 revolutions around the Sun for every 1 revolution of Jupiter. As Jupiter's actual year is
644:
In 1764, Benjamin Martin devised a new type of planetary model, in which the planets were carried on brass arms leading from a series of concentric or coaxial tubes. With this construction it was difficult to make the planets revolve, and to get the moons to turn around the planets. Martin suggested
683:
known at the time of its construction. The word planetarium has shifted meaning, and now usually refers to hemispherical theatres in which images of the night sky are projected onto an overhead surface. Orreries can range widely in size from hand-held to room-sized. An orrery is used to demonstrate
657:) which showed the inclined axis of the Earth and how it revolved around the Sun, and the lunarium which showed the eccentric rotations of the Moon around the Earth. In one orrery, these three motions could be mounted on a common table, separately using the central spindle as a prime mover.
111:
424:
published in 1703 details of a heliocentric planetary machine which he had built while living in Paris between 1665 and 1681. He calculated the gear trains needed to represent a year of 365.242 days, and used that to produce the cycles of the principal planets.
179:
610:
364:
363:
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dicebat enim Gallus sphaerae illius alterius solidae atque plenae vetus esse inventum, et eam a
Thalete Milesio primum esse tornatam, post autem ab Eudoxo Cnidio, discipulo ut ferebat Platonis, eandem illam astris quae caelo inhaererent esse
1114:
orbit Mars in a similar 4:1 time ratio. Planetarium operators wishing to show this have placed a red cap on the Sun (to make it resemble Mars) and turned off all the planets but
Mercury and Earth. Similar approximations can be used to show
249:
two complicated astronomic clocks were built in 1561 and 1563–1568. These use four sides to show the ecliptical positions of the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Moon, Sun and Dragon (Nodes of the Moon) according to
362:
2021:
54:. It may also represent the relative sizes of these bodies; however, since accurate scaling is often not practical due to the actual large ratio differences, a scaled-down approximation may be used instead.
70:, Ireland). The plaque on it reads "Orrery invented by Graham 1700 improved by Rowley and presented by him to John Earl of Orrery after whom it was named by at the suggestion of Richard Steele."
2057:
1373:
1173:
An innovative concept is to have people play the role of the moving planets and other Solar System objects. Such a model, called a human orrery, has been laid out at the Armagh
Observatory.
484:
618:, the mean distance between Sun and Earth, which is 1.496 × 10 km (93 × 10 miles). The Derby Orrery does not show mean distance, but demonstrated the relative planetary movements.
695:
An orrery should properly include the Sun, the Earth and the Moon (plus optionally other planets). A model that only includes the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun is called a
1458:
361:
163:, the Roman philosopher and politician writing in the first century BC, has references describing planetary mechanical models. According to him, the Greek polymaths
452:. The Sun in a brass orrery provides the only light in the room. The orrery depicted in the painting has rings, which give it an appearance similar to that of an
2187:
1106:
Some planetariums have taken advantage of this to use orreries to simulate planets and their moons. Thus
Mercury orbits the Sun in 0.24 of an Earth year, while
1048:
from the table above to show how it rotates around its own axis. It will show the Earth's Moon, rotating around the Earth. A lunarium is designed to show the
115:
1218:, the UrSkek TekTih made a giant automatic orrery, with the help of his fellow UrSkek ShodYod, for Aughra, in the mountaintop observatory where she lives.
2443:
2002:
316:
1059:. Human orreries, where humans move about as the planets, have also been constructed, but most are temporary. There is a permanent human orrery at
2160:
1899:
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is a popular tool for constructing highly accurate orreries. Model 391, the first
Meccano Orrery, was described in the June 1918 Meccano Manual.
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motions of the planets, making it feasible to represent the planets' paths as simple circles. This could be modeled by the use of gears.
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1947:
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Die
Planetenlaufuhr : ein Meisterwerk der Astronomie und Technik der Renaissance geschaffen von Eberhard Baldewein 1563 - 1568
1332:
1079:. Uranus and beyond are also shown, but in a fairly limited way. Another is at Sky's the Limit Observatory and Nature Center in
196:
1472:
Carman, Christián C.; Evans, James (15 November 2014). "On the epoch of the
Antikythera mechanism and its eclipse predictor".
258:
with an animated Sun symbol which, for the first time on a celestial globe, shows the real position of the Sun, including the
1327:
1144:
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1127:
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that the conventional orrery should consist of three parts: the planetarium where the planets revolved around the Sun, the
2267:
1342:
408:. Graham gave the first model, or its design, to the celebrated instrument maker John Rowley of London to make a copy for
2365:
479:
first demonstrated that the mean distance of each planet from the Sun could be represented by the following progression:
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Ptolemaic planetary theories. The clock itself is lost, but Dondi left a complete description of its astronomic
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2235:
605:{\displaystyle {\frac {4+0}{10}},{\frac {4+3}{10}},{\frac {4+6}{10}},{\frac {4+12}{10}},{\frac {4+24}{10}},...}
327:
153:. It has been dated between 205 to 87 BC. The mechanism is considered one of the first orreries. It was
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1786:
1412:
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55:
416:, from which the device took its name in English. This model was presented to Charles' son John, later the
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409:
377:
352:
331:
The Orrery inside the
Sphaera Copernicana, designed by Joseph of Gottorp and built by Andreas Bösch, 1653
2210:
2127:
Orreries, Clocks, and London Society: The Evolution of Astronomical Instruments and Their Makers, 2nd Ed
1875:
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challenged the Western teaching of a geocentric universe in which the Sun revolved daily around the
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1415:(1974). "Gears from the Greeks. The Antikythera Mechanism: A Calendar Computer from ca. 80 BC".
1205:, there is a description of a desktop orrery representing the two moons of the fictional planet
183:
Astronomical clock (Venus-Mercury side) by Eberhard Baldewein, 1563–1568. Exhibit in the
2309:
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1519:"On the Trail of an Ancient Mystery – Solving the Riddles of an Early Astronomical Calculator"
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62:, but the first modern example was produced c. 1712 by John Rowley. He named it orrery for
1621:
Geared to the stars : the evolution of planetariums, orreries, and astronomical clocks
303:'s improved instruments made precise observations of the skies (1576–1601), and from these
1700:
1374:"Orrery made by John Rowley for the Earl of Orrery | Science Museum Group Collection"
1297:
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1902:. 1300 South Lake Shore Drive • Chicago IL 60605: Adler Planetarium. 2010. Archived from
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from 1774 to 1781 in his living room, the oldest functioning planetarium in the world
238:
with the Sun as a planet, and with Mercury and Venus revolving around the Sun as its
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the motion of the planets, while a mechanical device used to predict eclipses and
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built the first known clock driven mechanism of the system. It displays the
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and used as a mechanical calculator to calculate astronomical positions.
19:
This article is about the mechanical device. For the Irish peerage, see
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that illustrates or predicts the relative positions and motions of the
2165:
1253:, a makeshift orrery is made from scraps found in the early colony of
699:
or tellurium, and one which only includes the Earth and the Moon is a
1984:
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43:
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2077:"Orrery Developments:The Use of Meccano in Constructing Planetaria"
295:
had proposed a heliocentric universe. This simplified the apparent
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2003:"Emmanuel Rollinde's "Planetaires Humains - Human Orreries" List"
1703:; Sändig, Helmut; Schardin, Joachim; Hasselmeyer, Lothar (2008).
82:
at the centre, and with a planet at the end of each of the arms.
1680:. Vol. 16. Edinburgh: William Blackwood et al. p. 624.
1162:
named Eise Eisinga in his own living room, in the small city of
1087:
11.86 Earth years long, the model would lose accuracy rapidly.
861:
614:
That is, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, 1.6, 2.8, ... The numbers refer to
212:
142:
2169:
2007:
Emmanuel Rollinde's "Planetaires Humains - Human Orreries" List
1754:"Orrery, by Thomas Tompion and George Graham, London, c. 1710"
1151:, built three between 1823 and 1833. The last is in Glasgow's
412:. Rowley was commissioned to make another copy for his patron
138:
79:
2150:
1707:(1ª ed.). Stuttgart: Dt. Gesellschaft für Chronometrie.
1040:, as shown in the table above. A tellurion will show the
1872:
The Earth, Its Shape, Internal Structure and Composition
129:, discovered in 1901 in a wreck off the Greek island of
254:, a calendar, the sunrise and sunset, and an automated
2058:"Analysis of Meccano Manuals - Manual Models Listings"
2363:
1937:
1935:
487:
171:
both constructed a device modeling celestial motion.
1830:. Search.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk. Archived from
1658:. London: Leonard Hill Books Limited. pp. 9–24.
2330:
2260:
2203:
1605:
had been made so perfect by the exertion of reason?
1044:revolving around the Sun. It will use the angle of
369:Modern working reconstruction of a grand orrery at
291:. He observed that some Greek philosophers such as
266:at the Astronomisch-Physikalisches Kabinett and in
1774:
1618:
1602:]. Translated by Yonge, Charles. p. 253.
1417:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
604:
30:A small orrery showing Earth and the inner planets
234:As late as 1650, P. Schirleus built a geocentric
1656:Some Outstanding Clocks Over Seven Hundred Years
1971:Sky's The Limit Observatory & Nature Center
456:. The demonstration was thereby able to depict
307:(1621) deduced that planets orbited the Sun in
1732:. London: Bloomsbury Books. pp. 108–112.
1238:, an orrery was used to demonstrate a pending
640:A 1766 Benjamin Martin Orrery, used at Harvard
463:To put this in chronological context, in 1762
448:, depicts a group listening to a lecture by a
315:explained the cause of elliptic motion in his
2181:
2084:Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society
8:
1457:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
434:A Philosopher giving a Lecture on the Orrery
118:, originally built between 1348 and 1364 in
1550:Astronomy: Globes Orreries and other Models
2188:
2174:
2166:
1617:King, Henry C.; Millburn, John R. (1978).
2091:
1493:
572:
551:
530:
509:
488:
486:
389:There is an orrery built by clock makers
1900:"Adler Planetarium:Research Collections"
709:
133:in the Mediterranean Sea, exhibited the
78:mechanism with a globe representing the
2370:
1365:
418:5th Earl of Cork and 5th Earl of Orrery
1917:
1543:
1541:
1450:
471:first enabled accurate measurement of
2348:Historical models of the Solar System
1667:
1665:
1474:Archive for History of Exact Sciences
1229:studies an orrery with planets on it.
1067:, which has the six ancient planets,
707:is a model of Jupiter and its moons.
341:A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery
247:William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
7:
1795:participating institution membership
1137:Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum
16:Mechanical model of the Solar System
2353:Numerical model of the Solar System
1874:. Vol. OU_S100_22. Bletchley:
1600:Treatises On The Nature Of The Gods
1158:The Eisinga Planetarium built by a
280:De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
262:. The clocks are now on display in
1948:Armagh Observatory and Planetarium
1517:Markoff, John (24 November 2014).
1212:In the backstory of the 1982 film
1153:Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum
1055:Orreries are usually not built to
283:, published in Nuremberg in 1543,
14:
2444:Historical scientific instruments
2298:Pajamäki Solar System Scale Model
2161:University of Pennsylvania Orrery
1853:"Welcome - Planetarium Friesland"
1232:In the 2000 science fiction film
1052:as it revolves around the Earth.
742:Inclination to ecliptic (degrees)
414:Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery
406:History of Science Museum, Oxford
272:Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon
185:Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon
114:Carlo G Croce, reconstruction of
64:Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery
2421:
2409:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2251:
1955:from the original on 2023-04-02.
1810:"Forerunners of the Planetarium"
1333:List of astronomical instruments
381:The orrery built by wool carder
2129:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
675:has only existed since 1714. A
625:was built from 1774 to 1781 by
74:They are typically driven by a
1328:John Fulton (instrument maker)
1:
2300:(Helsinki and Espoo, Finland)
2268:Akaa Solar System Scale Model
1343:Stability of the Solar System
1245:In the 2020 historical novel
723:Diameter (in Earth diameters)
438:
398:
345:
223:according to the complicated
103:
2343:Kirkhill Astronomical Pillar
2032:(9). SAO/NASA ADS: 489–495.
1857:www.planetarium-friesland.nl
1808:Ley, Willy (February 1965).
1081:Twentynine Palms, California
1032:A planetarium will show the
446:Derby Museum and Art Gallery
371:Derby Museum and Art Gallery
2469:Science education materials
1627:University of Toronto Press
1388:"Oxford English Dictionary"
1050:complex motions of the Moon
716:Average distance from Sun (
50:, usually according to the
2485:
2156:Long Now Foundation Orrery
2151:JPL Solar System Simulator
2022:"The Franeker Planetarium"
2020:Sixma, H (November 1934).
1678:The Edinburgh Encyclopedia
1273:Apparent retrograde motion
1046:inclination of the equator
18:
2249:
2075:Whiting, Michael (2007).
1782:Oxford English Dictionary
1486:10.1007/s00407-014-0145-5
1257:by its first astronomer,
679:is one that includes the
40:model of the Solar System
2449:Astronomical instruments
2274:Gravity Discovery Centre
2236:Eise Eisinga Planetarium
1989:planetaire.over-blog.com
1924:: CS1 maint: location (
1812:. For Your Information.
1730:The Practical Astronomer
1690:Lloyd (1958), pp. 46–57.
1672:Brewster, David (1830).
1182:The construction system
1828:"Revolutionary Players"
1787:Oxford University Press
1654:Lloyd, H. Alan (1958).
1548:Calvert, H. R. (1967).
1036:of each planet and the
2062:www.meccanoindex.co.uk
1814:Galaxy Science Fiction
1728:Ronan, Colin (1992) .
1413:de Solla, Price, Derek
1223:1999 version of Tarzan
1140:
739:Orbital period (years)
641:
606:
475:. In 1766, astronomer
444:), which hangs in the
410:Prince Eugene of Savoy
386:
374:
355:
353:Joseph Wright of Derby
332:
192:
122:
107:
31:
2211:Antikythera mechanism
1876:Open University Press
1423:(7): 1–70 (page 19).
1247:A Room Made of Leaves
1130:
639:
607:
380:
368:
338:
330:
317:theory of gravitation
182:
127:Antikythera mechanism
113:
100:Antikythera mechanism
98:
29:
2125:Buick, Tony (2020).
1870:Pentz, M.J. (1971).
1674:"Planetary Machines"
1133:Robert Brettell Bate
1119:and its five moons.
745:Axial tilt (degrees)
485:
477:Johann Daniel Titius
293:Aristarchus of Samos
2454:Solar System models
2322:Sweden Solar System
2318:(Somerset, England)
2316:Somerset Space Walk
2286:Monument to the Sun
2282:(Hvidovre, Denmark)
2276:(Gingin, Australia)
2197:Solar System models
2103:on 21 December 2014
2038:1934PA.....42..489S
1785:(Online ed.).
1552:. London: H.M.S.O.
1042:Earth with the Moon
623:Eisinga Planetarium
450:natural philosopher
285:Nicolaus Copernicus
2312:(Ithaca, New York)
2226:Astronomical clock
1985:"The Human Orrery"
1906:on 27 January 2012
1524:The New York Times
1303:Clockwork universe
1293:Astronomical clock
1177:In popular culture
1141:
1135:, c. 1812. Now in
1131:An orrery made by
1061:Armagh Observatory
642:
616:astronomical units
602:
469:marine chronometer
422:Christiaan Huygens
387:
375:
356:
333:
203:of the Moon, Sun,
193:
123:
108:
52:heliocentric model
32:
2361:
2360:
2310:Sagan Planet Walk
2306:(Lofoten, Norway)
2294:(Zagreb, Croatia)
2136:978-3-030-61776-9
2026:Popular Astronomy
1885:978-0-335-02034-8
1816:. pp. 87–98.
1793:(Subscription or
1714:978-3-89870-548-6
1338:Orbit of the Moon
1149:Fenwick, Ayrshire
1101:projection orrery
1030:
1029:
748:Rotational period
665:All orreries are
588:
567:
546:
525:
504:
420:. Independently,
366:
201:ecliptic position
116:Dondi's Astrarium
106:205 to 87 BC
102:, main fragment,
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2401:
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2288:(Zadar, Croatia)
2255:
2216:Armillary sphere
2190:
2183:
2176:
2167:
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2108:
2102:
2096:. Archived from
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1701:Poulle, Emmanuel
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1595:De Natura Deorum
1592:Cicero, Marcus.
1589:
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1571:Cicero, Marcus.
1568:
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1378:
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1278:Armillary sphere
1215:The Dark Crystal
1123:Notable examples
1065:Northern Ireland
710:
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584:
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489:
454:armillary sphere
443:
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403:
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367:
350:
347:
260:equation of time
256:celestial sphere
245:At the court of
189:Dresden, Germany
105:
38:is a mechanical
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2464:1704 in science
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2270:(Akaa, Finland)
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2416:Solar System
2338:Solar System
2230:
2126:
2105:. Retrieved
2098:the original
2083:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2041:. Retrieved
2029:
2025:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1946:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1894:
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1836:. Retrieved
1832:the original
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1757:. Retrieved
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1577:(in Latin).
1573:
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1528:. Retrieved
1522:
1512:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1453:cite journal
1420:
1416:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1382:
1368:
1323:Eratosthenes
1246:
1233:
1213:
1209:and its sun.
1200:
1192:Dune Messiah
1190:
1172:
1157:
1142:
1105:
1097:planetariums
1094:
1085:
1054:
1045:
1037:
1031:
736:No. of moons
728:Earth masses
694:
677:grand orrery
676:
672:
668:planetariums
666:
664:
654:
650:
643:
627:Eise Eisinga
620:
613:
481:
462:
432:
431:'s painting
427:
388:
383:Eise Eisinga
339:
313:Isaac Newton
278:
276:
244:
233:
194:
175:Early Modern
159:
124:
72:
58:had working
35:
33:
2404:Outer space
1629:. pp.
1625:. Toronto:
1580:descriptam;
1530:25 November
1495:11336/98820
1308:Eidouranion
1235:Pitch Black
1195:, the 1969
1160:wool carder
1145:John Fulton
890:24.5 hours
856:23.9 hours
671:. The term
442: 1766
402: 1710
349: 1766
301:Tycho Brahe
236:planetarium
229:gear trains
131:Antikythera
68:County Cork
2438:Categories
2292:Nine Views
2107:2017-05-03
2043:2011-06-22
1838:2010-02-09
1797:required.)
1558:B001A9C9SQ
1360:References
1318:Equatorium
1143:Shoemaker
1091:Projection
992:-17 hours
822:-243 days
373:, England)
311:. In 1687
225:geocentric
169:Posidonius
155:geocentric
60:planetaria
56:The Greeks
2380:Astronomy
2243:Tellurion
2221:Astrarium
2088:CiteSeerX
1504:120548493
1445:222364275
1353:Torquetum
1348:Tellurion
1313:Ephemeris
1288:Astrolabe
1283:Astrarium
1168:Friesland
1026:16 hours
958:11 hours
924:10 hours
726:Mass (in
697:tellurion
690:astrarium
655:tellurium
651:tellurian
647:tellurion
473:longitude
297:epicyclic
195:In 1348,
76:clockwork
1967:"Orrery"
1953:Archived
1920:cite web
1776:"orrery"
1266:See also
1164:Franeker
788:59 days
752:sidereal
705:jovilabe
701:lunarium
686:transits
661:Workings
631:Franeker
458:eclipses
309:ellipses
2428:Science
2366:Portals
2331:Related
2204:Devices
2034:Bibcode
1910:22 June
1759:29 June
1437:1006146
1397:11 July
1392:oed.com
1240:eclipse
1221:In the
1207:Arrakis
1184:Meccano
1099:have a
998:Neptune
896:Jupiter
760:Mercury
404:in the
270:at the
268:Dresden
252:Ptolemy
217:Jupiter
205:Mercury
147:planets
137:of the
91:Ancient
86:History
44:planets
2261:Models
2231:Orrery
2133:
2090:
1882:
1736:
1711:
1637:
1556:
1502:
1443:
1435:
1225:, the
1197:sequel
1112:Deimos
1108:Phobos
1073:Halley
964:Uranus
930:Saturn
713:Planet
673:orrery
649:(also
397:dated
323:Modern
264:Kassel
221:Saturn
165:Thales
161:Cicero
36:orrery
2392:Stars
2101:(PDF)
2080:(PDF)
1791:
1631:28–41
1598:[
1500:S2CID
1441:S2CID
1433:JSTOR
1117:Pluto
1095:Many
1077:Encke
1069:Ceres
1057:scale
906:317.9
903:11.21
828:Earth
794:Venus
351:) by
289:Earth
240:moons
209:Venus
120:Padua
48:moons
2131:ISBN
2030:XLII
1926:link
1912:2011
1880:ISBN
1761:2021
1734:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1554:ASIN
1532:2014
1459:link
1399:2024
1202:Dune
1110:and
1075:and
1020:1.8°
1008:17.1
1005:3.88
1002:30.1
986:0.8°
974:14.5
971:4.01
968:19.2
952:2.5°
949:29.5
940:95.2
937:9.45
934:9.54
918:1.3°
915:11.9
900:5.20
884:1.9°
881:1.88
872:0.11
869:0.53
866:1.52
862:Mars
847:1.00
838:1.00
835:1.00
832:1.00
819:177°
816:3.4°
813:0.62
804:0.82
801:0.95
798:0.72
782:7.0°
779:0.24
770:0.05
767:0.38
764:0.39
703:. A
621:The
393:and
219:and
213:Mars
167:and
143:Moon
125:The
66:(in
46:and
1490:hdl
1482:doi
1425:doi
1249:by
1199:to
1189:In
1166:in
1147:of
1063:in
1023:28°
1017:165
1011:1.6
989:98°
977:1.3
955:27°
946:146
943:0.7
909:1.3
887:25°
875:3.9
853:23°
841:5.5
807:5.3
773:5.5
653:or
467:'s
277:In
187:of
139:Sun
80:Sun
34:An
2440::
2082:.
2060:.
2028:.
2024:.
2005:.
1987:.
1969:.
1951:.
1945:.
1934:^
1922:}}
1918:{{
1878:.
1855:.
1779:.
1676:.
1664:^
1633:.
1540:^
1521:.
1498:.
1488:.
1478:68
1476:.
1455:}}
1451:{{
1439:.
1431:.
1421:64
1419:.
1390:.
1155:.
1014:16
983:84
980:28
921:3°
912:95
850:0°
785:0°
754:)
718:AU
692:.
586:10
582:24
565:10
561:12
544:10
523:10
502:10
460:.
439:c.
399:c.
346:c.
319:.
274:.
242:.
231:.
215:,
211:,
207:,
141:,
104:c.
2368::
2189:e
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2139:.
2110:.
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2009:.
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1914:.
1888:.
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1789:.
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1717:.
1643:.
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1534:.
1506:.
1492::
1484::
1461:)
1447:.
1427::
1401:.
1376:.
1261:.
1139:.
878:2
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776:0
750:(
730:)
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600:.
597:.
594:.
591:,
579:+
576:4
570:,
558:+
555:4
549:,
540:6
537:+
534:4
528:,
519:3
516:+
513:4
507:,
498:0
495:+
492:4
437:(
344:(
191:.
23:.
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