407:. His resignation letter proposed he should resign at any time up till the end of 1933. If suitable arrangements for the succession could be made before the end of the year he would be happy to go sooner. There was concern among colleagues that international markets might react adversely to a shock resignation. However, a week later he reported to colleagues that he had suffered "heart spasms" during the night, and family members including notably, one of his brothers reported that his condition was serious. Wassermann was an unusually heavy smoker and he was overweight. It was reasonable to infer that he would be confined to bed for several weeks, and might never recover his full health. Five weeks later, in the middle of May 1933, Wassermann turned up at the bank apparently fully restored. By that time, however, the succession plan that had been conspicuously absent back at the start of April was well advanced. On 29 May 1933 Wassermann's resignation was announced: his apparently amicable and consensual departure was completed well before the end of the year.
301:. The term is sometimes translated in English language sources as "CEO", which can be misleading: he was a leading member of the board, but there would have been no question of implementing significant strategic changes without the support of senior colleagues, some of whom made no secret of their objections to his (it was said) autocratic manner, and were also known to give vent to concerns over the extent to which Wassermann's spare time and (by this time very considerable) personal wealth were used on behalf of Jewish organisations. He was succeeded in the role, briefly, by the banker
31:
548:
240:. It was intended by the government that the commission should negotiate the post-war financial settlement with the French, British and American governments. It turned out that the foreign governments, for their own domestic reasons, were more interested in crushing a commercial and political rival than in negotiating a financial settlement, and the German Financial Commission had little involvement in the
312:. The boards of both banks justified the move on the grounds of the "pressures to rationalise" which they faced. Agreement was announced, to widespread astonishment within and beyond the banking establishment, in September 1929 and the merger took effect on Tuesday 29 October 1929, long before the
538:
executive board was only a matter of time, although it can be hard to avoid the conclusion that
Wassermann, for his own personal reasons, and senior colleagues at the bank, for their own at least partly political reasons, were content that he should resign sooner rather than later. Initially it was
505:
Wassermann served as deputy chairman of the "Verein zur GrĂĽndung und
Erhaltung einer Akademie fĂĽr die Wissenschaft des Judentums", founded in 1919 to create and maintain an academy of Judaic Sciences and Humanities: he organised fundraising on the association's behalf. Even during the difficult
447:
In terms of family background, Oscar
Wassermann came from the increasingly prominent class of "haut-bourgeois" German-Jewish bankers that had emerged in parallel with the expansion of a commercial and industrial middle class during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Members of the Jewish
328:
came to the union exceptionally well capitalised, and with a long-established well diversified portfolio of profitable investments in
Germany's industrial giants and more widely across Europe. Deutsche Bank had been established more recently and had grown more rapidly, although it was also well
415:
Oscar
Wassermann married firstly Hungarian-born Margarethe "Grete" Fürst (1892–1924) and secondly Katharina "Käthe" Haupt (1882–1942), the widow of Prof. Dr. Albert Niemann (1880–1921). By the first marriage two daughters were born, in 1912 and 1918: Karin Wassermann and Hedwig Wassermann. The
539:
intended that he should remain on the board of
Deutsche Bank as chairman till the end of 1933. However, shortly before the annual general meeting of 1933, over which Wassermann was scheduled to preside in his capacity as "Sprecher", colleagues announced his retirement "on grounds of age".
1042:
Seitlich der
Trauerhalle befindet sich die Grabanlage Wassermann. Beigesetzt sind hier Margit Wassermann, geb. Fürst (1882 – 1924) und Oscar Wassermann. Der Bankier Oscar Wassermann gehörte von 1912 bis 1933 dem Vorstand der Deutschen Bank an, als dessen Sprecher er von 1923 bis 1933 tätig
574:
in 2016. The requirement to raise a large amount of money arose from the requirement that the government imposed on rich Jews wishing to emigrate that they should pay a very large "emigration tax". One of the works in question, auctioned to "an unknown buyer" courtesy of
353:(rebranded only in 1937 as the "Deutsche Bank") survived the turmoil without ever needing to approach the government for financial support. In 1934 it was indeed Deutsche Bank that at the end of the 1930s took over what was left from the wreckage of the
463:: he saw no reason to keep that commitment private. He was engaged actively in a number of Jewish social and charitable organisations. He never joined any German-Jewish political movements, but was nevertheless widely viewed as a
244:
negotiations except as a critic. The involvement nevertheless seems to have burnished
Wassermann's credentials as an internationally well-connected member of Germany's banking establishment. He took a lead in the handling of
448:
banking elite would, in most cases, not have identified or associated much with Jews from the working classes, many of whose families had arrived in
Germany only one or two generations earlier, driven to move west by the
256:
through years of exceptional economical challenge. As a respected
Reichsbank board member he exercised significant influence over German monetary policy, especially during the later years of the
1385:
478:, a genteel and long established Berlin-based Jewish welfare support organisation of which, from 1924 to 1934, he would serve as president. He became chairman of the German offshoot of
211:. Biographers suggest that the relationship between the branch director cousins, Max and Oscar Wassermann, became fractious, however. In 1912 Oscar Wassermann suddenly transferred to
1198:
791:
Oscar Wassermann war eine der drei großen Führungspersönlichkeiten der Deutschen Bank, die im Kaiserreich und in der Weimarer Republik das Profil des Geldhauses geprägt haben
372:
was arithmetically deadlocked by the refusal of the two populist parties to co-operate either with each other or with any of the more moderate parties. In January 1933 the
599:, which had accepted it in good faith as a donation, and surviving heirs of Oscar Wassermann, forced to sell it in 1936 in order to escape what turned out to be the looming
200:
subsidiary of the family bank in 1889, the year of his mother's death. In 1900 he took over the control of it, jointly with his cousin Max Wassermann (1863–1934).
709:
1378:
942:
Doc 66: In late July 1933 a member of Deutsche Bank's supervisory board, Franz Urbig, reports on the dismissal of bard members Theodor Frank and Oscar Wassermann
455:
and equivalent intensifying pressures elsewhere in eastern-central Europe. Oscar Wassermann was different. He had himself received and absorbed a powerfully
567:
1242:
558:
Oscar Wassermann's nearest heirs, his two daughters and his widow Katharina, auctioned off works of art from his collection through the auction houses of
1371:
919:
624:"Bamberg (Oberfranken/Bayern) ... Im Jahr 1869 wurde Oscar Wassermann als eines von neun Kindern des Bankiers Emil Wassermann in Bamberg geboren"
1180:
486:
and of the associated funding operation, "Palästina Grundfonds (KH) e. V", established in 1922 with the primary objective of acquiring land in
345:
failed in May 1931. During the ensuing series of bank runs as investors rushed to withdraw their savings, the well capitalised fusion of the
1317:
950:
856:
746:
365:
368:
were characterised by surging unemployment and intensifying political polarisation, which was increasingly spilling onto the streets, while
324:
could be foreseen. The development turned out to be strangely prescient, given the remarkably synergistic structures of the two banks.
1202:
1358:
1547:
1335:
673:
490:. Most of the funding he collected came from wealthy Jews whom he knew personally. It was therefore a natural move that when the
236:
Wassermann accepted an invitation to become a member of the German Standing Finance Commission, established under the leadership of
1111:
Leora Auslander (September 2015). "Reading German Jewry through Vernacular Photography: From the Kaiserreich to the Third Reich".
203:
The value of the business undertaken by the Wassermann Bank's Berlin subsidiary soon surpassed that of the head office branch in
1348:
249:'s international relations, also becoming, in 1925, a member of the 14 member General Council responsible for administering the
1281:
1216:
494:
was established in 1929, Wassermann became chairman of the German branch. There was no requirement from the agency founder,
1582:
794:
397:
163:
786:
1557:
452:
400:
1552:
1473:
361:
1577:
819:
369:
30:
1085:. Salomon Ludwig Steinheim-Institut für deutsch-jüdische Geschichte an der Universität Duisburg-Essen. pp. 1–3.
1156:"Jewish Agency Conference in Berlin: Herr Oscar Wassermann Appeals for Continued Undisturbed Co-opera[tion]"
1116:
596:
523:
939:
Wolf Gruner (executive editor); Caroline Pearce (co-pordinator of the English-language edition) (15 April 2019).
623:
491:
230:
662:
Christoph Kreutzmüller, Institut für Geschichtswissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (20 July 2005).
468:
895:
219:
was highly unusual, if not unprecedented. Wassermann was offered and accepted a place on the Deutsche Bank
1562:
1352:
920:
Frankfruter Rundschau.de: Interview zum 150. Jubiläum der Deutschen Bank mit Historiker Alexander Nützenadel
329:
integrated in the German industrial economy and well capitalised by the criteria of the time. The rolling
1468:
547:
276:
196:
After completing a training in banking at Munich and Paris, Oscar Wassermann started work at the important
39:(photograph provided by the German National Archive - damaged image retained because historically important
473:
1423:
350:
325:
309:
428:
178:
1411:
1247:
Obra "O Casamento Desigual" teria sido vendida para pagar taxa imposta pelo governo nazista aos judeus
1572:
1567:
559:
527:
390:
272:
241:
223:, taking over responsibility for the bank's stock exchange trading business jointly with co-director
182:
1478:
1453:
1443:
487:
432:
280:
139:
998:
1323:
960:
866:
756:
690:
208:
190:
189:. Their son Oscar was the oldest of nine or ten children; his youngest brother was German banker
66:
1037:
595:. The painting hit the headlines there in 2013, with a dispute as to its ownership between the
185:(1842–1911) and brother Angelo ran after his death. Emil Wassermann married Emma Oppenheimer in
1075:
181:(1810–1884) came to Bamberg from Regensburg and opened a bank, A. E. Wassermann, which his son
1493:
1483:
1458:
1406:
1331:
1313:
1136:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency, London & Jewish Daily Bulletin, New York City. 16 August 1929
1086:
946:
940:
852:
742:
669:
423:
Oscar Wassermann died on 8 September 1934, "a broken man", the year after his "retirement".
334:
321:
186:
846:
736:
566:. More than ten works from Oscar and Käthe Wassermann's collection were still listed in the
1526:
1516:
1507:
997:
Antje Yael Deusel (co-compiler); Ortwin Beisbart (co-compiler); Franz Fichtl (co-compiler).
824:
Projekt: Kritische Online-Edition der TagebĂĽcher Michael Kardinal von Faulhabers (1911-1952)
584:
456:
313:
267:
he prepared a report and plan to deal with the crisis created by the unaffordability of the
1221:
Jüdische Sammler und Kunsthändler (Opfer nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung und Enteignung)
1498:
1428:
983:
972:
878:
768:
702:
519:
384:
380:
376:
268:
257:
233:
224:
62:
1416:
1008:. Herausgegeben vom Verein zur Förderung der jüdischen Geschichte und Kultur Bambergs e.V
665:
Oscar Wassermann und die Deutsche Bank. Bankier in schwierigen Zeiten von Avraham Barkai
663:
1438:
1305:
1071:
732:
604:
588:
531:
495:
449:
373:
317:
302:
253:
227:, who was probably the man who persuaded Wassermann to make this career defining move.
782:
1541:
1488:
1395:
535:
479:
436:
404:
354:
346:
342:
295:
246:
216:
212:
1363:
403:. On or about 9 April 1933 Oscar Wassermann, aged 64, was persuaded to resign from
1448:
1258:
417:
394:
264:
92:
1463:
603:. A parallel dispute was ventilated over to whether or not the attribution to
563:
237:
1130:
668:. Historisches Fachinformationssystem e.V. c/o Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
576:
330:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1254:
1155:
387:
308:
In 1929, he was a leading figure in the fusion of Deutsche Bank with Berlin's
284:
250:
1243:"Herança do nazismo - Pintura do Masp Ă© reivindicada por famĂlia judia alemĂŁ"
1090:
1250:
600:
571:
424:
1280:
Von Trott zu Solz - Lammek Rechtsanwälte - Notar (lawyer for the family).
459:. Wassermann was deeply learned in the faith and strongly committed to
1131:"Enthusiasm Marks Conclusion of Jewish Agency Council Sessions in Zurich"
298:
220:
159:
84:
1359:
Biography at website of Historische Gesellschaft der Deutschen Bank e.V.
820:"Oscar Angelo Wassermann, Bankier: * 4. April 1869, âśť 8. September 1934"
530:, and defamed as a "representative of Jewish high finance". After the
506:
final years of his life he also continued to participate regularly in a
499:
464:
460:
215:
in Berlin. A switch from a regionally based family bank to the mighty
204:
155:
88:
58:
283:, although elements of it turned up soon afterwards in the (American)
592:
507:
338:
197:
166:
1181:"FamĂlia judia tenta reaver pintura que faz parte do acervo do Masp"
522:
Wassermann was the focus of violent antisemitic agitation. He was
1310:
Oscar Wassermann und die Deutsche Bank. Bankier in schwieriger Zeit
546:
628:
Aus der Geschichte der JĂĽdische Gemeinden im deutschen Sprachraum
1367:
427:
presided at his funeral, conducted on 12 September 1934 at the
851:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 43–50, 44.
1038:"... 40 Oscar Wassermann (1869 Bamberg – 1934 ) (Feld W.T.)"
290:
Between 1923 and 1933 Oscar Wassermann acted as spokesman (
526:, unfairly, as one of those responsible for the so-called
534:
took over in January 1933, Wassermann's removal from the
498:, that he should openly declare himself an adherent of
1045:. Förderverein Jüdischer Friedhof Berlin-Weissensee e.V
207:, largely on account of Oscar Wassermann's profitable
814:
812:
1006:
Opfer des nationalsozialistischen Terrors 1933–1945
337:peaked in German speaking central Europe after the
129:
119:
109:
99:
73:
47:
21:
1328:Kurzbiographien zur Geschichte der Juden 1918–1945
934:
932:
930:
928:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
630:. Klaus-Dieter Alicke, Winsen (compiler-publisher)
1161:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency, London. 16 June 1931
1036:Regina Borgmann; Dr. Jörg Kuhn; Fiona Laudamus.
581:"The marriage contract" / "O Casamento Desigual"
1284:. Stiftung Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste
1223:. Stiftung Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste
125:Karin "Käthe" Wassermann/Grunebaum (1918–1958)
115:2. Katharina "Käthe" Niemann/Haupt (1882-1942)
1379:
1199:"Lost Art Internet Database - Einfache Suche"
890:
888:
8:
826:. Institut fĂĽr Zeitgeschichte MĂĽnchen-Berlin
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1386:
1372:
1364:
999:"Gedenkbuch der jĂĽdischen BĂĽrger Bambergs"
29:
18:
787:"JĂĽdischer deutscher Patriot (Rezension)"
708:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
379:and quickly signalled their intention to
287:, intended to address the same concerns.
123:1. Hedwig "Heddy" Wassermann (1912–1939)
1349:Literature by and about Oscar Wassermann
579:in June 1936, is "der Heiratskontrakt" (
316:'s nature and extent of the backwash in
615:
591:, which is currently believed to be in
416:family lived at TiergartenstraĂźe 8d in
113:1. Margarethe "Grete" FĂĽrst (1892-1924)
1083:Oscar Wassermanns GrĂĽĂźe zum Neuen Jahr
979:
968:
958:
874:
864:
764:
754:
698:
688:
263:Meanwhile, in 1922, at the request of
177:Oscar Angelo Wassermann's grandfather
7:
251:Reichsbank (the central bank of the)
136:Emil Wassermann (1842–1911) (father)
1282:"Der Heiratskontrakt / Der Spieler"
1326:(ed.): Biography of Wasserman in:
467:. In 1898 he became a member of
439:colleagues attended the ceremony.
435:. Apparently none of his former
14:
845:H.J. Rupieper (6 December 2012).
1076:"Jiddisch-putkamerisch verpackt"
945:. De Gruyter. pp. 234–243.
1026:Berliner Adreßbücher 1925–1933.
795:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1:
738:Eintritt in der Deutsche Bank
401:driver of government strategy
1474:Friedrich Wilhelm Christians
1330:. Munich : Saur, 1988,
1201:. 2016-03-05. Archived from
528:"Versailles Treaty of Shame"
480:"jüdische Palästinawerkes" (
896:"Deutsche Bank 1870 - 2010"
279:, primarily in the face of
158:; died September 8 1934 in
140:Emma Oppenheimer/Wassermann
1599:
1117:Cambridge University Press
1402:
320:(and elsewhere) from the
28:
1548:19th-century German Jews
1113:Central European History
469:Gesellschaft der Freunde
269:reparations requirements
1353:German National Library
597:SĂŁo Paulo Museum of Art
532:Hitler-Papen government
52:Oscar Angelo Wassermann
36:Oscar Wassermann, 1929
555:
271:imposed on Germany at
154:(born April 4 1869 in
1583:German art collectors
1469:Franz Heinrich Ulrich
1312:. Beck, Munich 2005,
1115:. Vol. 148 / 3.
848:The London Conference
550:
351:Disconto-Gesellschaft
326:Disconto-Gesellschaft
310:Disconto-Gesellschaft
1558:Deutsche Bank people
1394:Chief executives of
583:) attributed to the
552:O Casamento Desigual
420:from 1925 to 1933.
343:Creditanstalt (bank)
281:French intransigence
142:(1847–1889) (mother)
1553:People from Bamberg
1217:"Wassermann, Oscar"
1119:. pp. 300–334.
568:"Lost Art Database"
457:orthodox upbringing
374:National Socialists
1578:People from Berlin
1424:Arthur von Gwinner
971:has generic name (
901:. Deutsche Bank AG
785:(23 August 2005).
556:
514:National Socialism
398:became a principal
360:The years between
333:that followed the
209:securities trading
191:Sigmund Wassermann
1535:
1534:
1494:Rolf-Ernst Breuer
1484:Alfred Herrhausen
1459:Hermann Josef Abs
1407:Georg von Siemens
1318:978-3-406-52958-0
952:978-3-11-043519-1
858:978-94-009-9284-9
748:978-3-406-52958-0
554:by Quentin Metsys
433:Berlin-Weissensee
381:transform Germany
335:Wall Street Crash
322:Wall Street Crash
187:Frankfurt am Main
179:Samuel Wassermann
149:
148:
1590:
1527:Christian Sewing
1517:Juergen Fitschen
1508:Juergen Fitschen
1434:Oscar Wassermann
1420:
1412:Rudolph von Koch
1388:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1160:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1080:
1068:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1003:
994:
988:
987:
981:
976:
970:
966:
964:
956:
936:
923:
922:, March 10, 2020
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
900:
892:
883:
882:
876:
872:
870:
862:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
816:
807:
806:
804:
802:
779:
773:
772:
766:
762:
760:
752:
729:
714:
713:
706:
700:
696:
694:
686:
684:
682:
659:
640:
639:
637:
635:
620:
477:
314:Great Depression
152:Oscar Wassermann
80:
77:8 September 1934
33:
23:Oscar Wassermann
19:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1499:Josef Ackermann
1429:Paul Mankiewitz
1414:
1398:
1392:
1345:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1261:. 15 March 2014
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1001:
996:
995:
991:
978:
967:
957:
953:
938:
937:
926:
918:
914:
904:
902:
898:
894:
893:
886:
873:
863:
859:
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
818:
817:
810:
800:
798:
781:
780:
776:
763:
753:
749:
731:
730:
717:
707:
697:
687:
680:
678:
676:
661:
660:
643:
633:
631:
622:
621:
617:
613:
560:Alfred Berkhahn
545:
516:
482:"Keren Hayesod"
471:
445:
429:Jewish cemetery
413:
299:executive board
275:in 1919. The
265:Chancellor Cuno
258:German Republic
254:German Republic
234:First World War
225:Paul Mankiewitz
221:executive board
175:
145:
124:
114:
104:
95:
82:
78:
69:
63:Upper Franconia
56:
54:
53:
43:
42:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1563:German bankers
1560:
1555:
1550:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Georg Solmssen
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1344:
1343:External links
1341:
1340:
1339:
1321:
1306:Avraham Barkai
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1272:
1234:
1208:
1205:on 2016-03-05.
1190:
1172:
1147:
1122:
1103:
1072:Avraham Barkai
1056:
1028:
1019:
989:
969:|author1=
951:
924:
912:
884:
857:
837:
808:
774:
747:
733:Avraham Barkai
715:
674:
641:
614:
612:
609:
589:Quentin Matsys
585:Flemish master
544:
543:Art collection
541:
515:
512:
496:Chaim Weizmann
444:
441:
412:
409:
331:banking crisis
303:Georg Solmssen
277:plan foundered
174:
171:
162:) was a German
147:
146:
144:
143:
137:
133:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
83:
81:(aged 65)
75:
71:
70:
57:
51:
49:
45:
44:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1595:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:Hilmar Kopper
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:Wilfried Guth
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:Oswald Rösler
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:Eduard Mosler
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:Deutsche Bank
1389:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1338:, p. 379
1337:
1336:3-598-10477-4
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1187:. 2014-03-13.
1186:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1044:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1007:
1000:
993:
990:
985:
974:
962:
954:
948:
944:
943:
935:
933:
931:
929:
925:
921:
916:
913:
897:
891:
889:
885:
880:
868:
860:
854:
850:
849:
841:
838:
825:
821:
815:
813:
809:
796:
792:
788:
784:
778:
775:
770:
758:
750:
744:
740:
739:
734:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
716:
711:
704:
692:
677:
675:3-406-52958-5
671:
667:
666:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
642:
629:
625:
619:
616:
610:
608:
607:was correct.
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
569:
565:
561:
553:
549:
542:
540:
537:
536:Deutsche Bank
533:
529:
525:
521:
513:
511:
509:
503:
501:
497:
493:
492:Jewish Agency
489:
485:
483:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:
442:
440:
438:
437:Deutsche Bank
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
410:
408:
406:
405:Deutsche Bank
402:
399:
396:
392:
389:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
355:Creditanstalt
352:
348:
347:Deutsche Bank
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
297:
296:Deutsche Bank
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
252:
248:
247:Deutsche Bank
243:
239:
235:
232:
228:
226:
222:
218:
217:Deutsche Bank
214:
213:Deutsche Bank
210:
206:
201:
199:
194:
193:(1889–1958).
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
170:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
141:
138:
135:
134:
132:
128:
122:
118:
112:
108:
105:Bank director
102:
100:Occupation(s)
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
50:
46:
40:
32:
27:
20:
16:German banker
1449:Karl Kimmich
1433:
1327:
1309:
1286:. Retrieved
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:Porto Alegre
1246:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1220:
1211:
1203:the original
1193:
1184:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1125:
1112:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1082:
1047:. Retrieved
1041:
1031:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1005:
992:
941:
915:
903:. Retrieved
847:
840:
828:. Retrieved
823:
799:. Retrieved
790:
783:JĂĽrgen Jeske
777:
741:. C.H.Beck.
737:
679:. Retrieved
664:
632:. Retrieved
627:
618:
580:
557:
551:
518:Long before
517:
508:Talmud/Study
504:
481:
446:
422:
418:Berlin-Mitte
414:
395:Antisemitism
391:dictatorship
359:
307:
291:
289:
262:
229:
202:
195:
176:
151:
150:
79:(1934-09-08)
55:4 April 1869
38:
1573:1934 deaths
1568:1869 births
1464:Karl Klasen
1415: [
1324:Joseph Walk
980:|work=
875:|work=
797:. p. 6
765:|work=
699:|work=
577:Paul Graupe
564:Paul Graupe
472: [
238:Max Warburg
1542:Categories
1522:John Cryan
1513:John Cryan
1504:Anshu Jain
1300:Literature
611:References
524:identified
377:took power
370:parliament
294:) for the
292:"Sprecher"
285:Dawes Plan
273:Versailles
242:Versailles
1355:catalogue
1251:Grupo RBS
1091:1436-1213
982:ignored (
961:cite book
877:ignored (
867:cite book
767:ignored (
757:cite book
701:ignored (
691:cite book
601:Holocaust
572:Magdeburg
488:Palestine
425:Leo Baeck
231:After the
110:Spouse(s)
1288:27 April
1265:27 April
1255:GaĂşchaZH
1227:27 April
1165:27 April
1140:27 April
1096:27 April
1074:(2003).
1049:27 April
1012:26 April
905:26 April
830:26 April
801:26 April
735:(2005).
681:25 April
634:26 April
411:Personal
349:and the
160:Garmisch
120:Children
85:Garmisch
1351:in the
1185:O Globo
510:group.
500:Zionism
465:Zionist
461:Judaism
453:pogroms
450:Russian
443:Judaism
383:into a
341:-based
318:Germany
205:Bamberg
164:-Jewish
156:Bamberg
130:Parents
93:Germany
89:Bavaria
67:Bavaria
59:Bamberg
1515:&
1506:&
1334:
1316:
1089:
949:
855:
745:
672:
605:Matsys
593:Brazil
339:Vienna
198:Berlin
167:banker
103:Banker
1419:]
1159:(PDF)
1134:(PDF)
1079:(PDF)
1002:(PDF)
899:(PDF)
476:]
388:party
364:and
260:.
1332:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1290:2021
1267:2021
1229:2021
1167:2021
1142:2021
1098:2021
1087:ISSN
1051:2021
1014:2021
984:help
973:help
947:ISBN
907:2021
879:help
853:ISBN
832:2021
803:2021
769:help
743:ISBN
710:link
703:help
683:2021
670:ISBN
636:2021
562:and
520:1933
393:.
385:one-
366:1932
362:1930
183:Emil
173:Life
74:Died
48:Born
1257:),
1043:war
570:at
431:in
1544::
1417:de
1308::
1249:.
1245:.
1219:.
1183:.
1081:.
1059:^
1040:.
1004:.
977:;
965::
963:}}
959:{{
927:^
887:^
871::
869:}}
865:{{
822:.
811:^
793:.
789:.
761::
759:}}
755:{{
718:^
695::
693:}}
689:{{
644:^
626:.
587:,
502:.
474:de
357:.
305:.
169:.
91:,
87:,
65:,
61:,
1387:e
1380:t
1373:v
1320:.
1292:.
1269:.
1253:(
1231:.
1169:.
1144:.
1100:.
1053:.
1016:.
986:)
975:)
955:.
909:.
881:)
861:.
834:.
805:.
771:)
751:.
712:)
705:)
685:.
638:.
484:)
41:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
