868:. Reign created the Twitter hashtag #OscarsSoWhite as a means of criticizing the dearth of non-white nominees for the 2015 Academy Awards. Though the hashtag drew widespread media attention, the Academy remained obstinate on the matter of adopting a resolution that would make demonstrable its efforts to increase diversity. With the 2016 Academy Awards, many, including April Reign, were dismayed by the Academy's indifference about representation and inclusion, as the 2016 nominees were once again entirely white. April Reign revived #OscarsSoWhite, and renewed her campaign efforts, which included multiple media appearances and interviews with reputable news outlets. As a result of Reign's campaign, the discourse surrounding representation and recognition in film spread beyond the United States and became a global discussion . Faced with mounting pressure to expand the Academy membership, the Academy capitulated and instituted new policies to ensure that future Academy membership invitations would better represent the demographics of modern film-going audiences. The A2020 initiative was announced in January 2016 to double the number of women and people of color in membership by 2020.
758:
628:, interviewed shortly after the all-white nominee list was published, pointed to Hollywood leadership as the root problem, "We may win an Oscar now and then, but an Oscar is not going to fundamentally change how Hollywood does business. I'm not talking about Hollywood stars. I'm talking about executives. We're not in the room." Boone Isaacs also released a statement, in which she said "I am both heartbroken and frustrated about the lack of inclusion. This is a difficult but important conversation, and it's time for big changes." After Boone Isaac's statement, prominent African-Americans such as director Spike Lee, actors
40:
779:, a world-renowned, non-circulating reference and research collection devoted to the history and development of the motion picture as an art form and an industry. Established in 1928, the library is open to the public and used year-round by students, scholars, historians and industry professionals. The library is named for Margaret Herrick, the Academy's first librarian who also played a major role in the Academy's first televised broadcast, helping to turn the Oscar ceremony into a major annual televised event.
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834:. The 220-seat venue was redesigned in 2011 by renowned theater designer Theo Kalomirakis, including an extensive installation of new audio and visual equipment. The theater is in the East 59th Street headquarters of the non-profit vision loss organization, Lighthouse International. In July 2015, it was announced that the Academy was forced to move out, due to Lighthouse International selling the property the theater was in.
708:, which seats 1,012, and was designed to present films at maximum technical accuracy, with state-of-the-art projection equipment and sound system. The theater is busy year-round with the Academy's public programming, members-only screenings, movie premieres and other special activities (including the live television broadcast of the Academy Awards nominations announcement every January). The building once housed the
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560:, in order to accommodate the enlarging staff, and by December of that year the library was acknowledged as "having one of the most complete collections of information on the motion picture industry anywhere in existence." They remained at that location until 1935 when further growth caused them to move once again. This time, the administrative offices moved to one location, to the
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813:, the newest facility associated with the Academy, is the United States' first large-scale museum dedicated to the film industry. Its scheduled opening was on September 30, 2021, and it contains over 290,000 square feet (27,000 m) of galleries, exhibition spaces, movie theaters, educational areas, and special event spaces. The museum is located in the historic
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444:, Fred Beetson to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having an annual banquet was discussed, but no mention of awards at that time. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry: actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers.
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better known as Dr. Seuss. The efforts of these and others who served in
Astoria, N.Y. with the 834th Signal Service Photographic Detachment at the Signal Corps Photographic Center produced military training films as well as Academy Award winning documentaries after the war, according to Signal Corps Museum director Robert Anzuoni.
413:
745:, the Science and Technology Council, Student Academy Awards and Grants, and the Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting. The building, originally dedicated on August 18, 1948, is the oldest surviving structure in Hollywood that was designed specifically with television in mind. Additionally, it is the location of the
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Darryl Zanuck, who headed 20th
Century Fox and received the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Irving Thalberg Memorial Award, was a colonel in the Signal Corps during World War II. Also in the Signal Corps during World War II was Oscar winning director Frank Capra, and Theodor Seuss Geisel,
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The organ through which the
Academy mobilized was its Research Council, a collection of production executives chaired by Darryl F. Zanuck. Its main contribution was to offer Washington instant access to the studios' filmmaking apparatus. Zanuck explained in a note to the report: "Through the Research
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As of April 2020, the board of governors consists of 57 governors: three governors from each of the 18 Academy branches and three governors-at-large. The Makeup
Artists and Hairstylists Branch, created in 2006, had only one governor until July 2013. The Casting Directors Branch, created in 2013,
482:
One of several committees formed in the
Academy's initial days was for "Awards of Merit", but it was not until May 1928 that the committee began to have serious discussions about the structure of the awards and the presentation ceremony. By July 1928, the board of directors had approved a list of 12
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at 7010 Hollywood
Boulevard, which was also the month the Academy's library began compiling a complete collection of books and periodicals dealing with the industry from around the world. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, to be located in the
676:
The
Academy's numerous and diverse operations are housed in three facilities in the Los Angeles area: the headquarters building in Beverly Hills, which was constructed specifically for the Academy, and two Centers for Motion Picture Study – one in Beverly Hills, the other in Hollywood – which were
451:
in Los
Angeles on January 11, 1927. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Between that evening and when the official Articles of Incorporation for
698:
once housed two galleries that were open free to the public. The Grand Lobby
Gallery and the Fourth Floor Gallery offered changing exhibits related to films, film-making and film personalities. These galleries have since been closed in preparation for the opening of the Academy Museum of Motion
587:
in 1937. The
Directory was published by the Academy until 2006 when it was sold to a private concern. The Academy had been involved in the technical aspects of film making since its founding in 1927, and by 1938, the Science and Technology Council consisted of 36 technical committees addressing
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Transactions, enquiries, demonstrations, tests, etc., on the subject of incandescent illumination as applied to motion picture production / conducted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, in co-operation with American Society of Cinematographers and Association of Motion Picture
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called for a boycott of the 2016 Oscars for failing to recognize minority achievements, the board voted to make "historic" changes to its membership. The Academy stated that by 2020 it would double its number of women and minority members. While the Academy has addressed a higher profile for
850:
Academy membership is divided into 19 branches, representing different disciplines in motion pictures. Members may not belong to more than one branch. Members whose work does not fall within one of the branches may belong to a group known as "Members at Large". Members at Large have all the
842:
Membership in the Academy is by invitation only. Invitation comes from the Board of Governors. Membership eligibility may be achieved by earning a competitive Oscar nomination, or by the sponsorship of two current Academy members from the same branch to which the candidate seeks admission.
860:(sampling over 5,000 of its 5,765 members), the Academy at that time was 94% white, 77% male, 86% age 50 or older, and had a median age of 62. A third of members were previous winners or nominees of Academy Awards themselves. Of the Academy's 54-member Board of Governors, 25 are female.
618:, the first African American and third woman to lead the Academy, denied in 2015 that there was a problem. When asked if the Academy had difficulty with recognizing diversity, she replied "Not at all. Not at all." When the nominations for acting were all white for a second year in a row
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Council, the entire vast production facilities and creative talent of the American film industry has been made available to the War Department entirely on a non-profit basis." There were to be no charges for overhead, equipment, stage space or other facilities.
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privileges of branch membership except for representation on the Board. Associate members are those closely allied to the industry but not actively engaged in motion picture production. They are not represented on the Board and do not vote on Academy Awards.
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elected its first three governors in Fall 2013. The board of governors is responsible for corporate management, control, and general policies. The board of governors also appoints a CEO and a COO to supervise the administrative activities of the Academy.
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On June 29, 2016, a paradigm shift began in the Academy's selection process, resulting in a new class comprising 46% women and 41% people of color. The effort to diversify the Academy was led by social activist and Broadway Black managing-editor
2781:(free) A Series of Lectures Presented to the Classes Enrolled in the Courses in Sound Engineering Given by the Research Council of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Hollywood, California, in the fall of 1936 and spring of 1937.
354:, U.S., with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academy's corporate management and general policies are overseen by a board of governors, which includes representatives from each of the craft branches.
846:
New membership proposals are considered annually in the spring. Press releases announce the names of those who have recently been invited to join. Membership in the Academy does not expire, even if a member struggles later in their career.
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was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president, and their first roster, composed of 230 members, was printed. That night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to
622:, president of the African American Film Critics Association called it "offensive." The actors' branch is "overwhelmingly white" and the question is raised whether conscious or unconscious racial biases played a role.
357:
As of April 2020, the organization was estimated to consist of around 9,921 motion picture professionals. The Academy is an international organization and membership is open to qualified filmmakers around the world.
468:. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five main groups, or branches, although this number of branches has grown over the years. The original five were: Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers and Technicians.
887:
Five people are known to have been expelled from the Academy. Academy officials acknowledge that other members have been expelled in the past, most for selling their Oscar tickets, but no numbers are available.
483:
awards to be presented. During July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This "award of merit for distinctive achievement" is what we know now as the
3549:
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Syllabus for a 39-week course covering all aspects of filmmaking, including equipment operation and maintenance, laboratory work, story development, directing, sound recording and film editing; 9 pages.
471:
The initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as time went on, the organization moved "further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations." During the
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428:(MGM). He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and improve the film industry's image. In other words, the Academy was originally founded as a
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for its failure to recognize the achievements of minority professionals. For the second year in a row, all 20 nominees in the major acting categories were white. The president of the Academy
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in the latter's efforts to convince employees to agree to voluntary reductions in wages and salaries. The Academy thus evolved into its modern role as an honorary organization.
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The building itself was built in 1928, where it was originally built to be a water treatment plant for Beverly Hills. Its "bell tower" held water-purifying hardware.
533:, created America's first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures. The school's founding faculty included Fairbanks (President of the Academy),
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in July 1928, the Academy began a long history of publishing books to assist its members. Research Council of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences trained
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Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6, 1927. Their first organizational meeting was held on May 11 at the
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2749:(free) A compilation of lectures on sound sponsored by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, held from September 17, 1929 through December 16, 1929.
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579:. This is a list of film credits up for an Academy Award, as well as other films released in Los Angeles County, using research materials from the Academy's
108:
To recognize and uphold excellence in the motion picture arts and sciences, inspire imagination, and connect the world through the medium of motion pictures.
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the organization were filed on May 4, 1927, the "International" was dropped from the name, becoming the "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences".
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After their brief meeting, Mayer gathered up a group of thirty-six people involved in the film industry and invited them to a formal banquet at the
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4209:"Academy to Create Two Individual Branches From Short Films and Feature Animation Branch: Animation Branch and Short Films Branch"
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From the original formal banquet, which was hosted by Louis B. Mayer in 1927, everyone invited became a founder of the Academy:
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existing structures restored and transformed to contain the Academy's Library, Film Archive and other departments and programs.
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technical issues related to sound recording and reproduction, projection, lighting, film preservation, and cinematography.
475:, the Academy lost all credibility among studio employee members with respect to labor issues when it took the side of the
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within two weeks of their debut, and sometimes before release; in addition, some of the screeners are available through
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2859:"Assignment schedule, advanced course in motion picture production for Signal Corps officers, United States Army"
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3976:"Oscar Winner Tom Fleischman Resigns From Motion Picture Academy Over Controversial Telecast Plans (Exclusive)"
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Presidents are elected for one-year terms and may not be elected for more than four consecutive terms.
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3784:"The Godfather Actor Carmine Caridi Says He Was Thrown Out of the Academy for Sharing VHS Screeners"
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3377:"The Beverly Hills Waterworks Building, now known as the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study"
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3666:"Updates on the film academy's 2016 class: An exclusive club gets much bigger after OscarsSoWhite"
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Oscar nominations uproar raises the question: Did racial bias, conscious or not, come into play?
796:
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4007:"Oscar-Winning Sound Mixer Tom Fleischman Resigns From AMPAS Over Its Televised Category Plans"
830:
The Academy also has a New York City-based East Coast showcase theater, the Academy Theater at
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3074:
Academy Awards President Cheryl Boone Isaacs Responds After 'Oscars So White' Snubs On Twitter
2825:"If History Asserts Itself, Hollywood And Its Film Academy Will Rise To The Coronavirus Fight"
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3949:"Academy Expels Registered Sex Offender Adam Kimmel After Variety Investigation (EXCLUSIVE)"
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were expelled "in accordance with the organization's Standards of Conduct". Cosby had been
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Marketing and Public Relations Branch – Megan Colligan, David Dinerstein, Laura C. Kim
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4038:"Academy Member Peter Kurland to Resign Over Oscars Telecast Controversy (Exclusive)"
3814:"An Actor's Personal Tale: I Was Thrown Out of the Academy for Sharing VHS Screeners"
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resigned from the Academy on March 5, 2022, citing changes to the broadcast of the
737:, located in central Hollywood and named for legendary actress and Academy founder
651:
Casting director David Rubin was elected President of the Academy in August, 2019.
511:
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annually to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level; awards up to five
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announced his resignation from the Academy on April 1, 2022, five days after his
499:
Club lounge of the hotel. The screening room was not completed until April 1929.
420:
The notion of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) began with
3313:"Film Producer Janet Yang Elected First Asian American President Of The Academy"
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It all started when the original Hollywood mogul wanted to build a beach house
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Members are able to see many new films for free at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater
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4158:"Oscars shockeroo: Alex Gibney beats incumbent Michael Moore for board seat"
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664:. In June 2022, Bill Kramer was named the CEO of the Academy. Also in 2022,
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Lartey, Jamiles; London, Edward Helmore David Batty in (October 14, 2017).
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Governors-at-large (nominated by the President and elected by the board) –
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March 17, 2021 – Cinematographer Adam Kimmel was expelled in 2021 after a
17:
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Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (1931). Cowan, Lester (ed.).
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Producers, during the months of January, February, March and April, 1928.
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3884:"Harvey Weinstein expelled from Academy over sexual assault allegations"
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3251:"'Parasite' Earns Best-Picture Oscar, First for a Movie Not in English"
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The following members have voluntarily resigned from the organization:
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Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Research Council (1938).
876:
4231:"History of the Academy: Original 36 founders of the Academy Actors"
3457:"HARMAN's JBL loudspeakers installed at New York's Academy Theater"
3049:"Cheryl Boone Isaacs elected first African-American head of Oscars"
1005:
The nineteen branches of the Academy are (in no particular order):
996:, one of the ceremony's presenters, during the 94th Academy Awards.
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also resigned his membership on March 23, 2022, citing the changes.
3602:"Academy's diverse new class includes Idris Elba, America Ferrera"
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was elected as the first Asian American President of the Academy.
411:
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3025:. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. February 1, 2016.
2702:(1). Hollywood, CA: Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
4211:. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. February 26, 2024
2362:"AMPAS Drops '85th Academy Awards' – Now It's Just 'The Oscars'"
412:
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4129:. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. July 31, 2013.
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Tyler McCarthy, international Business Times, January 17, 2015
2800:. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. June 23, 2015.
2008:
Casting Directors Branch – Richard Hicks, Kim Taylor-Coleman,
1098:(created from former Short Films and Feature Animation Branch)
1092:(created from former Short Films and Feature Animation Branch)
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Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
4233:. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences website. 2008.
3219:"David Rubin Elected President of the Motion Picture Academy"
1912:. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from
2419:"Delayed Again, The Academy Movie Museum Tip-Toes Into 2019"
1134:
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story exposed the fact that he is a registered sex offender.
641:
African-Americans, it has yet to raise the profile of other
4312:
3167:
Academy Promises 'Historic' Changes to Diversify Membership
4184:"Academy Establishes New Production and Technology Branch"
3634:"Meet April Reign, the Activist Who Created OscarsSoWhite"
3484:"Academy Forced Out of Longtime Theater Venue in New York"
279:
323:
314:
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583:. Another publication of the 1930s was the first annual
2309:
Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax
648:
In 2018, the Academy invited a record 928 new members.
568:, while the library moved to 1455 North Gordon Street.
365:, both officially and popularly known as "The Oscars".
3138:"STATEMENT FROM ACADEMY PRESIDENT CHERYL BOONE ISAACS"
2483:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 119.
915:" after an emergency meeting held on October 13, 2017.
529:
In 1929, Academy members, in a joint venture with the
388:(at the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study) in
3845:"Harvey Weinstein Ousted From Motion Picture Academy"
2865:. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 1940.
361:
The Academy is known around the world for its annual
335:
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Cara B Buckley, The New York Times, January 15, 2016
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sexually predatory behavior and workplace harassment
854:
According to a February 2012 study conducted by the
741:, houses several Academy departments, including the
372:
annually for lifetime achievement in film; presents
320:
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Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
3922:"Film Academy Expels Roman Polanski and Bill Cosby"
2767:. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Incorporated.
317:
311:
274:
261:
248:
237:
224:
185:
170:
160:
123:
112:
104:
94:
82:
72:
54:
46:
4127:"The Academy Creates Branch For Casting Directors"
3283:"Oscars organization names Bill Kramer as new CEO"
966:, during which eight award categories – including
660:became the first non-English language film to win
490:The initial location of the organization was 6912
970:– were not presented live, but rather during the
800:Academy Museum of Motion Pictures located on the
502:With the publication of Academy Reports (No. 1):
3542:"Oscar voters aren't always who you might think"
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
4121:
4119:
3144:. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
930:, while Polanski had been convicted in 1977 of
4152:
4150:
4148:
3754:"The academy: Neither a secret, nor a society"
3727:"Academy members get screeners through iTunes"
773:in Beverly Hills. It is home to the Academy's
571:In 1934, the Academy began publication of the
27:Professional organization in the film industry
4364:
4254:
4252:
4186:. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
2566:
2564:
2457:David Thomson, Vanity Fair, February 21, 2014
494:. In November 1927, the Academy moved to the
350:) is a professional honorary organization in
8:
3117:Another Oscar Year, Another All-White Ballot
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2602:
2600:
2598:
928:convicted of sexual assault one week earlier
645:artists, in front of and behind the camera.
32:
5288:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
4342:(April 2, 1938) History of the Academy and
4323:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
4313:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
4297:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
4103:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
2680:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
2546:
2544:
2349:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
2321:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
2273:Academy Of Motion Picture Arts And Sciences
2239:British Academy of Film and Television Arts
2131:Short Films and Feature Animation Branch –
595:were held, at which the Academy awards the
299:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
33:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
4702:
4602:
4575:
4371:
4357:
4349:
3697:"Oscar Voters Last To See 'Hunger Games'?"
3136:Boone, Cheryl; Isaacs (January 18, 2016).
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
1378:
1086:(created from former Art Directors Branch)
1027:(created from former Art Directors Branch)
287:
38:
31:
3459:. Audio Pro International. Archived from
2244:Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma
2224:Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
2124:Production Design Branch – Tom Duffield,
2076:Makeup Artists and Hairstylists Branch –
1957:Vice President / Treasurer – Tom Duffield
767:Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study
761:Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study
753:Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study
4650:Academy Award of Merit (non-competitive)
3445:. Oscars.org. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
3188:"Academy Invites Record 928 New Members"
3176:Daniel Kreps, RollingStone, Jan 23, 2016
2669:. New York: Ballantine Books, 1986 pg. 3
2066:Film Editors Branch – Nancy Richardson,
932:unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor
734:Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study
725:Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study
716:Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study
394:Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study
2958:"USC School of Cinematic Arts: History"
2891:Brackett, Charmain Z. (March 8, 2010).
2688:Association of Motion Picture Producers
2264:
442:Association of Motion Picture Producers
5308:Film-related professional associations
3552:from the original on February 26, 2012
2735:. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
2572:"History of the Academy: How It Began"
2538:New York: Ungar Publishing, 1987 pg. 1
400:, Los Angeles. The Academy opened the
4069:"Will Smith resigns from the Academy"
3902:from the original on October 15, 2017
3863:from the original on October 15, 2017
3794:from the original on October 15, 2017
3733:from the original on February 8, 2017
3496:from the original on February 7, 2016
3417:from the original on October 26, 2021
3357:from the original on February 1, 2016
3148:from the original on January 26, 2016
3029:from the original on February 1, 2016
2964:from the original on October 22, 2009
2480:On Hollywood: The Place, the Industry
2417:Cieply, Michael (February 15, 2017).
2249:Motion Picture Association of America
2229:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
786:The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures
7:
4665:John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation
4437:Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting
4164:from the original on August 21, 2013
4036:Giardina, Carolyn (March 23, 2022).
3198:from the original on August 31, 2021
2684:American Society of Cinematographers
2398:from the original on August 12, 2017
382:Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting
4270:from the original on April 23, 2020
4133:from the original on August 4, 2013
4017:from the original on March 26, 2022
3974:Giardina, Carolyn (March 5, 2022).
3955:from the original on March 17, 2021
3843:Barnes, Brooks (October 14, 2017).
3824:from the original on March 25, 2019
3707:from the original on March 28, 2012
3582:from the original on April 23, 2020
3522:from the original on March 13, 2015
3323:from the original on August 3, 2022
3263:from the original on March 17, 2020
3231:from the original on August 7, 2019
3055:from the original on August 4, 2013
2732:Recording Sound for Motion Pictures
2360:^ Pond, Steve (February 19, 2013).
2118:Production and Technology Branch –
1978:Vice President – Kim Taylor-Coleman
573:Screen Achievement Records Bulletin
368:In addition, the Academy holds the
4237:from the original on June 16, 2017
4079:from the original on April 4, 2022
4048:from the original on April 4, 2022
3986:from the original on April 3, 2022
3928:from the original on April 7, 2019
3764:from the original on April 1, 2022
3752:Day, Patrick (February 27, 2004).
3646:from the original on March 5, 2019
3614:from the original on June 30, 2017
2823:Cieply, Michael (March 30, 2020).
2138:Sound Branch – Gary C. Bourgeois,
25:
5328:1927 establishments in California
5323:Organizations established in 1927
4630:Special Achievement Academy Award
4620:Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award
3676:from the original on July 8, 2020
3482:Feinberg, Scott (July 10, 2015).
3293:from the original on June 8, 2022
3217:Oldham, Stuart (August 6, 2019).
2997:"Motion Picture Credits Database"
2986:. Abbeville Press, 1989. Page 12.
2937:from the original on May 21, 2021
2903:from the original on May 21, 2021
2893:"Oscars at home in Signal Museum"
2869:from the original on May 21, 2021
2835:from the original on May 22, 2021
2804:from the original on May 21, 2021
2771:from the original on May 21, 2021
2739:from the original on May 21, 2021
2706:from the original on May 21, 2021
2652:. Abbeville Press, 1989. Page 15.
2610:. Abbeville Press, 1989. Page 10.
2429:from the original on July 9, 2020
810:Academy Museum of Motion Pictures
792:Academy Museum of Motion Pictures
605:Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award
531:University of Southern California
402:Academy Museum of Motion Pictures
5260:
5259:
4655:Scientific and Engineering Award
4625:Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
4290:
4160:. Goldderby.com. July 15, 2013.
4067:Stelter, Brian (April 3, 2022).
3947:Aurthur, Kate (March 17, 2021).
3695:Hammond, Pete (March 26, 2012).
3051:. Goldderby.com. July 31, 2013.
2764:Motion Picture Sound Engineering
2592:. Abbeville Press, 1989. Page 9.
2208:
2194:
610:In 2016, the Academy became the
601:Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
514:, who later won two Oscars, for
307:
4005:Haring, Bruce (March 5, 2022).
3186:Kilday, Gregg (June 25, 2018).
577:Motion Picture Credits Database
558:Hollywood Professional Building
374:Scientific and Technical Awards
215:Vine Street Archive Foundation
2377:. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
2277:Tax Exempt Organization Search
2059:Executives Branch – Pam Abdy,
1954:Vice President – Brooke Breton
1060:Marketing and Public Relations
575:, which today is known as the
556:1930 saw another move, to the
1:
5298:Cinema of Southern California
1972:Vice President / Secretary –
692:Academy Headquarters Building
2999:. Oscars.org. Archived from
2574:. Oscars.org. Archived from
2056:, Simon Kilmurry, Jean Tsien
964:94th Academy Awards ceremony
907:October 13, 2017 – Producer
900:. He was accused of leaking
817:, now named Saban Building.
5313:Media museums in California
4660:Technical Achievement Award
2692:"Incandescent Illumination"
2634:. Oscar.org. Archived from
2351:. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
2284:. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
2028:Costume Designers Branch –
1510:(resigned after two months)
826:Academy Theater in New York
384:annually; and operates the
5344:
4510:International Feature Film
3172:February 26, 2016, at the
3122:February 28, 2017, at the
2367:February 22, 2013, at the
2135:, Jinko Gotoh, Marlon West
2014:Cinematographers Branch –
1981:Chief Executive Officer –
904:that had been sent to him.
789:
749:, which seats 286 people.
702:The building includes the
348:the Motion Picture Academy
191:Academy Museum Foundation
5318:Beverly Hills, California
5255:
4386:
4334:Hollywood is a Union Town
3079:January 31, 2016, at the
892:February 3, 2004 – Actor
727:in the Hollywood district
585:Academy Players Directory
504:Incandescent Illumination
390:Beverly Hills, California
352:Beverly Hills, California
117:Beverly Hills, California
37:
4505:Documentary Feature Film
3441:August 20, 2013, at the
2794:"Technical Publications"
2632:"History of the Academy"
2338:Academy Story, 2010–2019
2325:Internal Revenue Service
2281:Internal Revenue Service
2148:Visual Effects Branch –
832:Lighthouse International
776:Margaret Herrick Library
581:Margaret Herrick Library
404:in Los Angeles in 2021.
386:Margaret Herrick Library
4763:(years of film release)
2863:Academy History Archive
2343:March 31, 2022, at the
2315:March 31, 2022, at the
2234:American Film Institute
591:In 2009, the inaugural
342:; also known as simply
5303:Culture of Los Angeles
4744:Academy Juvenile Award
4670:Gordon E. Sawyer Award
4615:Academy Honorary Award
4545:Makeup and Hairstyling
4525:Live Action Short Film
4520:Documentary Short Film
4405:most wins per ceremony
4042:The Hollywood Reporter
3980:The Hollywood Reporter
3818:The Hollywood Reporter
3489:The Hollywood Reporter
3192:The Hollywood Reporter
3098:July 10, 2020, at the
2254:National Film Registry
1939:President – Janet Yang
1929:Current administration
976:Production sound mixer
898:copyright infringement
804:
762:
728:
710:Academy Little Theater
705:Samuel Goldwyn Theater
672:Galleries and theaters
597:Academy Honorary Award
461:Douglas Fairbanks, Sr.
440:, and the head of the
417:
378:Student Academy Awards
145:34.06722°N 118.38750°W
60:; 97 years ago
4686:Student Academy Award
4412:Academy Aperture 2025
4299:at Wikimedia Commons
4266:. September 1, 2014.
3790:. February 22, 2017.
3642:. February 27, 2016.
3548:. February 19, 2012.
3518:. February 27, 2017.
3411:www.academymuseum.org
2984:60 Years of The Oscar
2931:Army Pictorial Center
2650:60 Years of The Oscar
2608:60 Years of The Oscar
2590:60 Years of The Oscar
2552:60 Years of The Oscar
2536:And The Winner Is....
2110:Lynette Howell Taylor
2072:Terilyn A. Shropshire
2052:Documentary Branch –
1968:Lynette Howell Taylor
799:
769:is located at 333 S.
760:
723:
432:. He met with actor
416:Headquarters building
415:
4642:and Technical Awards
4260:"Board of Governors"
4099:"Board of Governors"
3572:"Board of Governors"
3516:"Academy Membership"
3387:on September 9, 2014
3259:. February 9, 2020.
3023:"board of governors"
2453:May 3, 2020, at the
2216:United States portal
2000:Lou Diamond Phillips
1127:Original 36 founders
1084:Production Designers
918:May 1, 2018 – Actor
873:and other facilities
815:May Company Building
771:La Cienega Boulevard
747:Linwood Dunn Theater
743:Academy Film Archive
686:Academy Headquarters
636:, and activist Rev.
305:), often pronounced
207:Archival Foundation
150:34.06722; -118.38750
4515:Animated Short Film
4495:Original Screenplay
4344:Screen Actors Guild
3760:. Chicago Tribune.
3343:"About the Library"
2104:Producers Branch –
2038:Directors Branch –
1858:Cheryl Boone Isaacs
1246:Charles H. Christie
1146:Richard Barthelmess
616:Cheryl Boone Isaacs
612:target of criticism
523:Toward Independence
492:Hollywood Boulevard
426:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
199:Academy Foundation
141: /
34:
4713:Assistant Director
4640:Academy Scientific
4490:Adapted Screenplay
4485:Supporting Actress
3849:The New York Times
3758:chicagotribune.com
3729:. April 26, 2011.
3701:Deadline Hollywood
3578:. September 2014.
3436:The Academy Museum
3319:. August 3, 2022.
3256:The New York Times
3107:, January 23, 2016
3003:on October 1, 2014
2960:. cinema.usc.edu.
2661:Wiley, Mason, and
2513:Wiley, Mason, and
2063:, Hannah Minghella
2032:, Eduardo Castro,
1410:William C. DeMille
1118:Board of governors
911:was expelled for "
805:
763:
729:
699:Pictures in 2020.
634:Jada Pinkett Smith
566:Hollywood and Vine
539:William C. deMille
477:major film studios
459:. At that meeting
418:
5275:
5274:
4752:
4751:
4694:
4693:
4594:
4593:
4560:Production Design
4295:Media related to
3672:. June 29, 2016.
3610:. June 29, 2016.
3546:Los Angeles Times
3381:Los Angeles Times
3353:. July 30, 2014.
2982:Osborne, Robert.
2933:. June 10, 2019.
2648:Osborne, Robert.
2606:Osborne, Robert.
2588:Osborne, Robert.
2550:Osborne, Robert.
2394:. June 15, 2020.
2158:Writers Branch –
2152:, Brooke Breton,
2068:Stephen E. Rivkin
1966:Vice President –
1960:Vice President –
1948:Vice President –
1942:Vice President –
1905:
1904:
1794:
1765:
1611:
1595:
1524:
1511:
1492:
1397:Douglas Fairbanks
1368:
1367:
1343:Jeanie MacPherson
1333:Joseph W. Farnham
1274:Joseph M. Schenck
1255:Milton E. Hoffman
1166:Douglas Fairbanks
1025:Costume Designers
1015:Casting Directors
972:commercial breaks
896:was expelled for
857:Los Angeles Times
564:at the corner of
510:officers, during
295:
294:
77:Trade association
58:May 11, 1927
16:(Redirected from
5335:
5263:
5262:
4765:
4764:
4703:
4607:Governors Awards
4603:
4576:
4500:Animated Feature
4480:Supporting Actor
4432:Governors Awards
4373:
4366:
4359:
4350:
4324:
4309:
4308:
4306:Official website
4294:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4256:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4154:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4123:
4114:
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4111:
4109:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4033:
4027:
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4024:
4022:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3971:
3965:
3964:
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3960:
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3933:
3918:
3912:
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3909:
3907:
3879:
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3870:
3868:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3568:
3562:
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3559:
3557:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3463:on June 26, 2013
3452:
3446:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3383:. Archived from
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3309:
3303:
3302:
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3298:
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3090:
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3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
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2987:
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2974:
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2953:
2947:
2946:
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2923:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2676:
2670:
2659:
2653:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2638:on June 5, 2011.
2628:
2611:
2604:
2593:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2578:on June 5, 2011.
2568:
2559:
2548:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2523:Ballantine Books
2511:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2471:
2458:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2384:
2378:
2358:
2352:
2334:
2328:
2327:. June 30, 2019.
2305:
2286:
2269:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2160:Howard A. Rodman
2144:Mark Stoeckinger
1994:Actors Branch –
1974:Howard A. Rodman
1934:Academy officers
1925:
1923:
1921:
1916:on April 1, 2015
1792:
1763:
1609:
1604:Valentine Davies
1593:
1549:Charles Brackett
1522:
1509:
1490:
1449:J. Theodore Reed
1379:
1188:Cecil B. DeMille
1135:
1020:Cinematographers
909:Harvey Weinstein
879:to its members.
874:
620:Gil Robertson IV
593:Governors Awards
551:Darryl F. Zanuck
517:Seeds of Destiny
473:Great Depression
449:Ambassador Hotel
376:annually; gives
370:Governors Awards
338:
333:
332:
329:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
291:
286:
283:
281:
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156:
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68:
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61:
42:
35:
21:
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5333:
5332:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5251:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4748:
4732:
4718:Dance Direction
4690:
4674:
4641:
4634:
4590:
4579:Proposed awards
4574:
4452:Awards of Merit
4446:
4382:
4377:
4322:
4304:
4303:
4288:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4258:
4257:
4250:
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4018:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3987:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3931:
3929:
3924:. May 3, 2018.
3920:
3919:
3915:
3905:
3903:
3881:
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3523:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3455:Lester, Ahren.
3454:
3453:
3449:
3443:Wayback Machine
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3388:
3375:
3374:
3370:
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3326:
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3174:Wayback Machine
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2927:"Oscar Winners"
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2696:Academy Reports
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2556:Abbeville Press
2549:
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2534:Levy, Emanuel.
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2140:Peter J. Devlin
2120:Wendy Aylsworth
2090:Music Branch –
2084:, Linda Flowers
2061:Donna Gigliotti
1931:
1919:
1917:
1910:"Academy Story"
1908:
1659:Daniel Taradash
1374:
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1232:George W. Cohen
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4286:External links
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2030:Ruth E. Carter
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535:D. W. Griffith
485:Academy Awards
457:Biltmore Hotel
422:Louis B. Mayer
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748:
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740:
739:Mary Pickford
736:
735:
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715:
713:
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696:Beverly Hills
693:
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469:
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462:
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430:company union
427:
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244:$ 103,813,370
243:
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233:$ 147,889,867
232:
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166:10,500 (2023)
165:
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49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
5264:
4706:Merit Awards
4586:Popular Film
4540:Film Editing
4422:Oscar speech
4417:Oscar season
4391:
4390:
4337:
4289:
4272:. Retrieved
4263:
4239:. Retrieved
4225:
4213:. Retrieved
4190:November 28,
4188:. Retrieved
4178:
4166:. Retrieved
4135:. Retrieved
4108:November 28,
4106:. Retrieved
4102:
4093:
4081:. Retrieved
4072:
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4041:
4031:
4019:. Retrieved
4010:
4000:
3988:. Retrieved
3979:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3942:
3932:February 25,
3930:. Retrieved
3916:
3904:. Retrieved
3888:The Guardian
3887:
3877:
3865:. Retrieved
3848:
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3817:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3787:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3757:
3747:
3735:. Retrieved
3721:
3709:. Retrieved
3700:
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3678:. Retrieved
3669:
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3637:
3628:
3616:. Retrieved
3605:
3596:
3584:. Retrieved
3575:
3566:
3556:February 26,
3554:. Retrieved
3545:
3536:
3524:. Retrieved
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3487:
3477:
3467:February 18,
3465:. Retrieved
3461:the original
3450:
3431:
3419:. Retrieved
3410:
3401:
3389:. Retrieved
3385:the original
3380:
3371:
3359:. Retrieved
3346:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3316:
3307:
3295:. Retrieved
3286:
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3254:
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3222:
3212:
3200:. Retrieved
3191:
3181:
3162:
3150:. Retrieved
3141:
3131:
3112:
3104:The LA Times
3102:
3088:
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3043:
3031:. Retrieved
3017:
3005:. Retrieved
3001:the original
2991:
2983:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2930:
2921:
2912:
2905:. Retrieved
2896:
2886:
2878:
2871:. Retrieved
2862:
2853:
2844:
2837:. Retrieved
2828:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2797:
2788:
2780:
2773:. Retrieved
2763:
2756:
2748:
2741:. Retrieved
2731:
2724:
2715:
2708:. Retrieved
2699:
2695:
2679:
2674:
2667:Inside Oscar
2666:
2657:
2649:
2644:
2636:the original
2607:
2589:
2584:
2576:the original
2551:
2535:
2530:
2525:, 1986 pg. 2
2521:. New York:
2519:Inside Oscar
2518:
2494:. Retrieved
2479:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2423:Deadline.com
2422:
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2372:
2356:
2348:
2332:
2320:
2283:
2276:
2267:
2168:Dana Stevens
2154:Paul Debevec
2044:Ava DuVernay
2040:Susanne Bier
2020:Paul Cameron
1918:. Retrieved
1914:the original
1906:
1790:Robert Rehme
1761:Robert Rehme
1736:Richard Kahn
1646:Gregory Peck
1633:Arthur Freed
1588:B. B. Kahane
1436:Conrad Nagel
1375:
1362:
1353:Carey Wilson
1298:
1284:Harry Warner
1242:Fred Beetson
1217:
1171:Harold Lloyd
1161:Milton Sills
1156:Conrad Nagel
1130:
1121:
1055:Hairstylists
1046:Film Editors
1004:
990:onstage slap
951:
948:Resignations
938:
886:
870:
862:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
829:
808:
806:
781:
774:
766:
764:
746:
732:
730:
709:
703:
701:
691:
689:
675:
662:Best Picture
655:
653:
650:
647:
624:
609:
590:
584:
576:
572:
570:
555:
528:
521:
515:
512:World War II
508:Signal Corps
503:
501:
489:
481:
470:
454:
446:
434:Conrad Nagel
419:
367:
360:
356:
347:
343:
302:
298:
296:
187:Subsidiaries
181:(since 2022)
162:Membership
113:Headquarters
95:Legal status
47:Abbreviation
29:
3906:October 15,
3867:October 15,
3828:October 15,
3798:October 15,
3737:February 7,
3500:January 29,
3391:January 29,
3361:January 29,
3202:December 9,
3152:January 29,
3033:February 1,
3007:January 18,
2968:February 9,
2663:Damien Bona
2515:Damien Bona
2202:Film portal
2096:Charles Fox
2024:Ellen Kuras
2004:Rita Wilson
1983:Bill Kramer
1884:David Rubin
1871:John Bailey
1748:Karl Malden
1724:Robert Wise
1504:Bette Davis
1475:Frank Capra
1462:Frank Lloyd
1423:M. C. Levee
1321:Roy Pomeroy
1305:Technicians
1264:M. C. Levee
1251:Sid Grauman
1213:Raoul Walsh
1193:Frank Lloyd
1096:Short Films
1036:Documentary
866:April Reign
638:Al Sharpton
436:, director
344:the Academy
263:Volunteers
148: /
136:118°23′15″W
124:Coordinates
5282:Categories
4758:Ceremonies
4427:Oscar bait
4339:The Nation
4325:'s channel
3788:PEOPLE.com
3670:L.A. Times
3618:August 23,
3576:oscars.org
3347:Oscars.org
3142:Oscars.org
2798:Oscars.org
2496:October 8,
2402:August 12,
2392:oscars.org
2260:References
2182:Janet Yang
2150:Rob Bredow
2106:Jason Blum
2082:Bill Corso
2016:Dion Beebe
2010:Debra Zane
1920:January 9,
1897:Janet Yang
1888:2019–2022
1875:2017–2019
1862:2013–2017
1849:2012–2013
1836:2009–2012
1832:Tom Sherak
1823:2005–2009
1810:2001–2005
1797:1997–2001
1793:(2nd time)
1781:1993–1997
1768:1992–1993
1764:(1st time)
1752:1989–1992
1739:1988–1989
1728:1985–1988
1715:1983–1985
1711:Gene Allen
1702:1979–1983
1689:1977–1979
1676:1973–1977
1663:1970–1973
1650:1967–1970
1637:1963–1967
1624:1961–1963
1608:1960–1961
1592:1959–1960
1579:1958–1959
1566:1955–1958
1553:1949–1955
1540:1945–1949
1527:1941–1945
1523:(2nd time)
1495:1939–1941
1491:(1st time)
1479:1935–1939
1466:1934–1935
1453:1933–1934
1440:1932–1933
1427:1931–1932
1414:1929–1931
1401:1927–1929
1372:Presidents
1294:Harry Rapf
1229:Edwin Loeb
1203:Fred Niblo
1198:Henry King
1079:Technology
1075:Production
1041:Executives
994:Chris Rock
986:Will Smith
968:Best Sound
920:Bill Cosby
883:Expulsions
838:Membership
802:Museum Row
666:Janet Yang
630:Will Smith
438:Fred Niblo
424:, head of
392:, and the
250:Employees
179:Janet Yang
133:34°04′02″N
90:95-0473280
85:Tax ID no.
65:1927-05-11
18:Oscars.org
4274:April 22,
4215:March 30,
4168:August 2,
4137:August 2,
3959:March 17,
3896:0261-3077
3857:0362-4331
3768:March 31,
3711:March 26,
3680:April 17,
3650:April 17,
3607:USA Today
3586:April 22,
3526:March 16,
3421:April 22,
3327:August 3,
3267:April 23,
3235:August 7,
3059:August 2,
2433:April 17,
2164:Eric Roth
1989:Governors
1845:Hawk Koch
1819:Sid Ganis
1698:Fay Kanin
1237:Producers
1182:Directors
1151:Jack Holt
1090:Animation
1070:Producers
1031:Directors
902:screeners
654:In 2020,
626:Spike Lee
398:Hollywood
238:Expenses
218:501(c)(3)
210:501(c)(3)
202:501(c)(3)
194:501(c)(3)
173:President
99:501(c)(6)
55:Formation
5266:Category
4465:Director
4442:Pre-show
4268:Archived
4241:July 20,
4235:Archived
4162:Archived
4131:Archived
4083:April 5,
4077:Archived
4052:April 1,
4046:Archived
4021:April 1,
4015:Archived
4011:Deadline
3990:April 1,
3984:Archived
3953:Archived
3926:Archived
3900:Archived
3861:Archived
3822:Archived
3792:Archived
3762:Archived
3731:Archived
3705:Archived
3674:Archived
3644:Archived
3639:HuffPost
3612:Archived
3580:Archived
3550:Archived
3520:Archived
3494:Archived
3439:Archived
3415:Archived
3355:Archived
3321:Archived
3317:HuffPost
3291:Archived
3287:ABC News
3261:Archived
3229:Archived
3196:Archived
3170:Archived
3146:Archived
3120:Archived
3096:Archived
3077:Archived
3053:Archived
3027:Archived
2962:Archived
2935:Archived
2901:Archived
2897:army.mil
2867:Archived
2833:Archived
2829:Deadline
2802:Archived
2769:Archived
2737:Archived
2704:Archived
2477:(2005).
2451:Archived
2427:Archived
2396:Archived
2388:"Museum"
2374:The Wrap
2365:Archived
2341:Archived
2313:Archived
2188:See also
1907:Source:
1001:Branches
657:Parasite
603:and the
226:Revenue
5232:2020/21
4797:1932/33
4792:1931/32
4787:1930/31
4782:1929/30
4777:1928/29
4772:1927/28
4475:Actress
4460:Picture
4400:Records
4329:YouTube
4317:Twitter
3407:"Visit"
3297:June 8,
3224:Variety
2956:Staff.
2941:May 21,
2907:May 21,
2873:May 21,
2839:May 22,
2808:May 21,
2775:May 21,
2743:May 21,
2710:May 21,
1327:Writers
1224:Lawyers
940:Variety
681:Current
408:History
282:.oscars
275:Website
105:Purpose
63: (
3894:
3855:
2487:
1610:(died)
1594:(died)
1363:
1140:Actors
1010:Actors
984:Actor
877:iTunes
821:Former
599:, the
549:, and
265:(2018)
252:(2018)
240:(2019)
228:(2019)
119:, U.S.
4728:Story
4565:Sound
4470:Actor
3351:AMPAS
1508:1941
1388:Term
1102:Sound
1065:Music
339:-pass
303:AMPAS
50:AMPAS
5247:2023
5242:2022
5237:2021
5227:2019
5222:2018
5217:2017
5212:2016
5207:2015
5202:2014
5197:2013
5192:2012
5187:2011
5182:2010
5177:2009
5172:2008
5167:2007
5162:2006
5157:2005
5152:2004
5147:2003
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