225:. His father, Reverend Osborne Reynolds, was a Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge who worked as a school headmaster and clergyman, but was also a very able mathematician with a keen interest in mechanics. The father took out a number of patents for improvements to agricultural equipment, and the son credits him with being his chief teacher as a boy. Reynolds showed an early aptitude and liking for the study of mechanics. In his late teens, for the year before entering university, he went to work as an apprentice at the workshop of Edward Hayes, a well known shipbuilder in
292:
571:"On Certain Dimensional Properties of Matter in the Gaseous State. Part I. Experimental Researches on Thermal Transpiration of Gases through Porous Plates and on the Laws of Transpiration and Impulsion, Including an Experimental Proof That Gas is Not a Continuous Plenum. Part II. On an Extension of the Dynamical Theory of Gas, Which Includes the Stresses, Tangential and Normal, Caused by a Varying Condition of Gas, and Affords an Explanation of the Phenomena of Transpiration and Impulsion".
256:), becoming in that year one of the first professors in UK university history to hold the title of "Professor of Engineering". This professorship had been newly created and financed by a group of manufacturing industrialists in the Manchester area, and they also had a leading role in selecting the 25–year–old Reynolds to fill the position. Reynolds remained at Owens College for the rest of his career – in 1880 the college became a constituent college of the newly founded
300:
2065:
2089:
2039:
1878:
658:, in which he tried to generalise the mechanics of granular materials to be "capable of accounting for all the physical evidence, as we know it, in the Universe". His aim seems to have been to construct a theory of aether, which he considered to be in a liquid state. The ideas were extremely difficult to understand or evaluate, and in any case were overtaken by other developments in physics around the same time.
54:
241:
to various mechanical phenomena, for the explanation of which I discovered that a knowledge of mathematics was essential." For the year immediately following his graduation from
Cambridge he again took up a post with a civil engineering firm, Lawson and Mansergh of London, as a practising civil engineer working with the London (
2077:
322:
The larger pipe was glass so the behaviour of the layer of dyed flow could be observed, and at the end of this pipe there was a flow control valve used to vary the water velocity inside the tube. When the velocity was low, the dyed layer remained distinct through the entire length of the large tube.
240:
in mathematics. He had chosen to study mathematics at
Cambridge because, in his own words in his 1868 application for the professorship, "From my earliest recollection I have had an irresistible liking for mechanics and the physical laws on which mechanics as a science is based.... my attention drawn
353:
Reynolds' contributions to fluid mechanics were not lost on ship designers ("naval architects"). The ability to make a small scale model of a ship, and extract useful predictive data with respect to a full size ship, depends directly on the experimentalist applying
Reynolds' turbulence principles to
631:. Areas covered besides fluid dynamics included thermodynamics, kinetic theory of gases, condensation of steam, screw-propeller-type ship propulsion, turbine-type ship propulsion, hydraulic brakes, hydrodynamic lubrication, and laboratory apparatus for better measurement of
319:. In 1883 Reynolds demonstrated the transition to turbulent flow in a classic experiment in which he examined the behaviour of water flow under different flow rates using a small jet of dyed water introduced into the centre of flow in a larger pipe.
747:
Merely to have been born in
Ireland was not enough for inclusion. Thus we had to exclude such fine scientists as Osborne Reynolds and Kathleen Lonsdale, who were born in Ireland, but, we felt, lacked strong enough Irish roots to be
370:
His publications in fluid dynamics began in the early 1870s. His final theoretical model published in the mid-1890s is still the standard mathematical framework used today. Examples of titles from his more groundbreaking reports:
626:
Reynolds published about seventy science and engineering research reports. When towards the end of his career these were republished as a collection they filled three volumes. For a catalogue and short summaries of them see the
959:
1285:
323:
When the velocity was increased, the layer broke up at a given point and diffused throughout the fluid's cross-section. The point at which this happened was the transition point from laminar to turbulent flow.
2119:
229:, where he obtained practical experience in the manufacture and fitting out of coastal steamers (and thus gained an early appreciation of the practical value of understanding fluid dynamics).
2179:
2042:
1271:
378:"An experimental investigation of the circumstances which determine whether the motion of water shall be direct or sinuous, and of the law of resistance in parallel channels"
2139:
205:. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. He spent his entire career at what is now the
2124:
521:
494:
470:
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1031:"I. On the theory of lubrication and its application to Mr. Beauchamp tower's experiments, including an experimental determination of the viscosity of olive oil"
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1110:
Osborne
Reynolds and Engineering Science Today: Papers Presented at the Osborne Reynolds Centenary Symposium, University of Manchester, September 1968
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are expressed as the sum of mean and fluctuating components. Such averaging allows for 'bulk' description of turbulent flow, for example using the
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1503:
760:
Cullen, Clara (November 2005). "Reviewed Work: Physicists of
Ireland: Passion and Precision by Mark McCartney, Andrew Whitaker".
358:'s theories of gravity wave energy and propagation. Reynolds himself had a number of papers concerning ship design published in
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1983:
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918:
389:
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800:
530:"On the dilatancy of media composed of rigid particles in contact. With experimental illustrations"
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804:
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2001:
1700:
1648:
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1542:
1403:
781:
773:
515:
488:
464:
440:
412:"On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and the determination of the criterion"
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730:
201:(23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born British innovator in the understanding of
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In 1868 he was appointed to the newly instituted Chair of Civil and
Mechanical Engineering at
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1977:
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997:
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397:
930:
827:
Davidson, Peter A.; Kaneda, Yukio; Moffatt, Keith; Sreenivasan, Katepalli R., eds. (2011).
1989:
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2013:
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2007:
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998:
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Reynolds most famously studied the conditions in which the flow of fluid in pipes
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Davidson, Peter; Kaneda, Yukio; Moffatt, Keith; Sreenivasan, Katepalli (2011).
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One of the subjects that
Reynolds studied in the 1880s was the properties of
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875:
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907:"Osborne Reynolds and the Publication of His Papers on Turbulent Flow"
271:
in 1888. He retired in 1905 and died of influenza 21 February 1912 at
557:
1894:
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303:
Reynolds' observations of the nature of the flow in his experiments
632:
298:
290:
1898:
1267:
354:
friction drag computations, along with a proper application of
1107:
Allen, Jack; McDowell, Donald
Malcolm; Jackson, J. D. (1970).
573:
1128:
Berthe, D.; Dowson, D.; Godet, M.; Taylor, C.M. (1987).
729:
McCartney, Mark; Whitaker, Andrew (15 September 2003).
2053:
338:
forces. Reynolds also proposed what is now known as
1934:
1849:
1813:
1794:
1743:
1517:
1333:
1310:
1303:
1131:
Fluid Film Lubrication – Osborne Reynolds Centenary
360:
Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects
173:
150:
128:
114:
104:
85:
63:
34:
2120:Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester
982:Osborne Reynolds – Scientist, Engineer and Pioneer
635:'s mechanical equivalent of heat. For his work on
1064:"Men of Tribology: Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)"
905:Jackson, Derek; Launder, Brian (1 January 2007).
295:Reynolds' experiment on fluid dynamics in pipes
1296:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
654:materials. In 1903 appeared his 250-page book
326:From these experiments came the dimensionless
2180:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
1910:
1279:
1246:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
1218:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
342:of turbulent flows, where quantities such as
221:and moved with his parents soon afterward to
8:
732:Physicists of Ireland: Passion and Precision
109:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1917:
1903:
1895:
1307:
1286:
1272:
1264:
1198:
1035:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
991:
989:
520:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
493:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
480:Papers on mechanical and physical subjects
469:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
456:Papers on mechanical and physical subjects
445:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
432:Papers on mechanical and physical subjects
419:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
382:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
31:
1189:B. Launder – Osborne Reynolds (1842–1912)
1079:
1046:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
833:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
699:Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations
561:
401:
348:Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations
141:Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations
977:
975:
973:
2060:
1202:Professional and academic associations
1167:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
810:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
721:
1004:. Cambridge University Press. p.
931:10.1146/annurev.fluid.39.050905.110241
513:
486:
462:
438:
2140:Fellows of Queens' College, Cambridge
1636:Prof. Thomas Bertram Lonsdale Webster
643:as one of the 23 "Men of Tribology".
605:. Cambridge University Press. 2011 .
236:and graduated in 1867 as the seventh
7:
2125:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
1724:Prof. Donald Stephen Lowell Cardwell
1029:Reynolds, Osborne (1 January 1886).
330:for dynamic similarity—the ratio of
628:
25:
1068:Journal of Lubrication Technology
1062:Dowson, Duncan (1 October 1977).
656:The Sub-Mechanics of the Universe
504:The Sub-Mechanics of the Universe
123:Victoria University of Manchester
27:Anglo-Irish innovator (1842–1912)
2087:
2075:
2063:
2038:
2037:
1877:
1876:
1597:Prof. Sir William Lawrence Bragg
911:Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
52:
1864:Who's Who of Greater Manchester
1573:Prof. Sir Henry Alexander Miers
1113:. Manchester University Press.
862:Hodnett, Frank (October 2009).
483:. Vol. 3. Cambridge. 1903.
459:. Vol. 2. Cambridge. 1901.
435:. Vol. 1. Cambridge. 1900.
2185:Recipients of the Dalton Medal
1653:Sir Peter Percy F. R. Venables
1568:Prof. Sir Grafton Elliot Smith
1533:Prof. Sir William Boyd Dawkins
960:"Reynolds, Osborne (RNLS863O)"
602:Memoir of James Prescott Joule
1:
1589:Rev. Aloysius Laurence Cortie
868:Dictionary of Irish Biography
281:Church of St Decuman, Watchet
217:Osborne Reynolds was born in
2145:Fellows of the Royal Society
1691:Anthony Edmund Rivers Goulty
1649:Prof. Sir Geoffrey Jefferson
1621:Prof. Douglas Rayner Hartree
1613:Prof. Reginald William James
1552:Prof. Frederick Ernest Weiss
1467:Robert Dukinfield Darbishire
1462:William Crawford Williamson
1000:A Voyage Through Turbulence
964:A Cambridge Alumni Database
830:A Voyage Through Turbulence
265:Fellow of the Royal Society
245:) sewage transport system.
2201:
1966:Sir Joseph 'J. J.' Thomson
1772:Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick
1768:Prof. Kenneth M. Letherman
1712:Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick
1695:Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson
1663:Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson
1641:Dr Eric John Francis James
966:. University of Cambridge.
684:Reynolds transport theorem
234:Queens' College, Cambridge
232:Osborne Reynolds attended
119:Queens' College, Cambridge
2165:People from Dedham, Essex
2035:
1872:
1733:Prof. Alexander Donnachie
1626:Prof. Herbert John Fleure
1605:Prof. Bernard Mouat Jones
1560:Prof. Sydney John Hickson
1488:Prof. Sir Arthur Schuster
1252:
1242:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1206:
1201:
770:10.1017/S0021121400006532
735:. CRC Press. p. ix.
546:10.1080/14786448508627791
187:
166:
51:
2026:Sir Konstantin Novoselov
1601:Charles Edmond Stromeyer
1583:Prof. Harold Baily Dixon
1543:Prof. Harold Baily Dixon
1538:Sir William Henry Bailey
1457:Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe
1172:University of St Andrews
839:10.1017/cbo9781139018241
815:University of St Andrews
762:Irish Historical Studies
388:(224–226): 84–99. 1883.
279:. He was buried at the
267:in 1877 and awarded the
254:University of Manchester
207:University of Manchester
58:Osborne Reynolds in 1903
2130:British civil engineers
1858:Memoirs and Proceedings
1729:Dr Edward Fletcher Cass
1688:Dr Edward Noah Abrahart
1498:Dr Henry Edward Schunck
1482:Dr Henry Edward Schunck
1433:Dr Henry Edward Schunck
1409:Dr Henry Edward Schunck
1256:James Thomson Bottomley
425:(336–339): 40–45. 1894.
263:Reynolds was elected a
252:in Manchester (now the
2160:Engineers from Belfast
2155:Geotechnical engineers
1708:Dr Lionel J. R. Postle
1682:Dr George N. Burkhardt
1183:Reynolds the Scientist
1048:10.1098/rspl.1886.0021
689:Reynolds decomposition
585:10.1098/rstl.1879.0078
540:(127): 469–481. 1885.
534:Philosophical Magazine
403:10.1098/rspl.1883.0018
304:
296:
182:Mechanical Engineering
1984:Sir Cyril Hinshelwood
1960:Sir Ernest Rutherford
1717:Dr Brian S. H. Rarity
1685:Dr George James Kynch
1631:Prof. Michael Polanyi
1525:Prof. Sir Horace Lamb
1509:Prof. Sir Horace Lamb
1451:Edward William Binney
1439:Edward William Binney
1421:Edward William Binney
1404:Dr Robert Angus Smith
1398:Edward William Binney
1383:Sir William Fairbairn
1178:Reynolds the Engineer
876:10.3318/dib.007648.v1
302:
294:
1942:Henry Edward Schunck
1676:Horace Hayhurst (II)
1617:Robert Henry Clayton
1578:Thomas Alfred Coward
1445:James Prescott Joule
1427:James Prescott Joule
1415:James Prescott Joule
1392:James Prescott Joule
1228:Henry Edward Schunck
1158:Robertson, Edmund F.
1041:(242–245): 191–203.
801:Robertson, Edmund F.
2170:Royal Medal winners
2020:Lord Rees of Ludlow
1801:Honorary Membership
1672:Margaret Pilkington
1645:Horace Hayhurst (I)
1504:James Cosmo Melvill
1156:O'Connor, John J.;
923:2007AnRFM..39...19J
864:"Reynolds, Osborne"
799:O'Connor, John J.;
704:Reynolds' dilatancy
394:1883RSPS...35...84R
258:Victoria University
99:, Somerset, England
2135:British physicists
2014:Sir Bernard Lovell
1972:Sir Lawrence Bragg
1780:Dr Susan R. Hilton
1777:Dr Diana M. Leitch
1765:David J. Higginson
1762:Mary, Lady Mallick
1759:Vivienne Blackburn
1753:Angus G. D. Yeaman
1701:Harry M. Fairhurst
1593:Herbert Levinstein
1341:Dr Thomas Percival
1324:Dr Thomas Percival
1162:"Osborne Reynolds"
805:"Osborne Reynolds"
648:granular materials
639:, he was named by
510:. Cambridge. 1903.
340:Reynolds-averaging
305:
297:
2150:Fluid dynamicists
2051:
2050:
2008:Sir Roger Penrose
2002:Sir Walter Bodmer
1927:Dalton Medallists
1892:
1891:
1790:
1789:
1750:Iain E. Gillespie
1720:Philip G. Livesey
1556:Francis Nicholson
1262:
1261:
1253:Succeeded by
1244:Secretary of the
1225:Succeeded by
1216:President of the
1141:978-0-08-087575-0
1120:978-0-7190-0376-9
1081:10.1115/1.3453230
848:978-0-521-19868-4
742:978-1-4200-3317-5
709:Reynolds operator
679:Reynolds equation
612:978-1-108-02880-6
579:: 727–845. 1879.
191:
190:
168:Scientific career
145:Reynolds stresses
18:Osbourne Reynolds
16:(Redirected from
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2066:
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1996:Sir Harold Kroto
1978:Patrick Blackett
1954:Osborne Reynolds
1948:Sir Henry Roscoe
1928:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1896:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1756:Keith D. Buckley
1477:Osborne Reynolds
1375:Eaton Hodgkinson
1317:Peter Mainwaring
1308:
1297:
1288:
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1238:Joseph Baxendell
1235:Preceded by
1207:Preceded by
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1370:Dr Edward Holme
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1656:Dr F. C. Toy
1518:20th Century
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1359:Thomas Henry
1355:Dr John Hull
1350:Thomas Henry
1334:19th Century
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91:(1912-02-21)
29:
2115:1912 deaths
2110:1842 births
1783:Ian Cameron
1659:C. E. Young
1493:Henry Wilde
1365:John Dalton
944:22 February
764:: 478–479.
637:lubrication
269:Royal Medal
155:Royal Medal
105:Nationality
2104:Categories
1935:Recipients
1841:Manchester
1609:John Allan
1379:John Moore
1304:Presidents
716:References
622:Other work
334:forces to
70:1842-10-23
2082:Biography
1090:0022-2305
939:0066-4189
786:163806329
593:0261-0523
554:1941-5982
516:cite book
489:cite book
465:cite book
441:cite book
80:, Ireland
37:Professor
2044:Category
1883:Category
1836:Percival
1814:Lectures
1250:1874–84
1222:1888–90
778:30008202
748:included
662:See also
652:dilatant
344:velocity
332:inertial
277:Somerset
238:wrangler
2094:Science
2056:Portals
1194:YouTube
919:Bibcode
563:1431173
560::
390:Bibcode
336:viscous
273:Watchet
243:Croydon
219:Belfast
178:Physics
97:Watchet
78:Belfast
2028:(2016)
2022:(2012)
2016:(2009)
2010:(2005)
2004:(2002)
1998:(1997)
1992:(1981)
1986:(1966)
1980:(1948)
1974:(1942)
1968:(1931)
1962:(1919)
1956:(1903)
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1944:(1898)
1831:Dalton
1795:Awards
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174:Fields
162:(1903)
157:(1888)
151:Awards
1826:Joule
1821:Wilde
1484:(III)
1441:(III)
1429:(III)
881:6 May
782:S2CID
774:JSTOR
633:Joule
508:(PDF)
415:(PDF)
311:from
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1136:ISBN
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1086:ISSN
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935:ISSN
883:2021
843:ISBN
737:ISBN
607:ISBN
589:ISSN
550:ISSN
522:link
495:link
471:link
447:link
213:Life
86:Died
64:Born
1714:(I)
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1545:(I)
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45:FRS
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1387:Bt
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2058::
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68:(
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