1853:, have focused on the flawed role of Norway during the Oslo process. In 2001, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, who had been at the heart of the Oslo process, commissioned Waage to produce an official, comprehensive history of the Norwegian-mediated back channel negotiations. In order to do the research, she was given privileged access to all relevant, classified files in the ministry's archives. Waage was surprised to discover "not a single scrap of paper for the entire period from January to September 1993āprecisely the period of the back channel talks." Involved persons kept documents privately and refused to hand them over. Waage concluded that "there seems no doubt that the missing documents ... would have shown the extent to which the Oslo process was conducted on Israel's premises, with Norway acting as Israel's helpful errand boy." Norway played a mediating role as a small state between vastly unequal parties and had to play by the rules of the stronger party, acting on its premises. "Israel's red lines were the ones that counted, and if the Palestinians wanted a deal, they would have to accept them, too.... The missing documents would almost certainly show why the Oslo process probably never could have resulted in a sustainable peace. To a great extent, full documentation of the back channel would explain the disaster that followed Oslo."
3718:"Had the missing documents ... been accessible at the time of writing, there seems no doubt that the findings of my report would have shown even more starkly the extent to which the Oslo process was conducted on Israel's premises, with Norway acting as Israel's helpful errand boy .... Given the overwhelming imbalance of power between the Israelis and the Palestinians, Norway probably could not have acted otherwise if it wanted to reach a dealāor even if it wanted to play a role in the process at all. Israel's red lines were the ones that counted, and if the Palestinians wanted a deal, they would have to accept them, too .... The missing documents would almost certainly show why the Oslo process probably never could have resulted in a sustainable peace. To a great extent, full documentation of the back channel would explain the disaster that followed Oslo."
1530:
40:
1521:, at a meeting in Ramallah with President Mahmoud Abbas, pressed for the acceptance of the plan, which contemplates a Palestinian clamp down on Palestinian armed groups. The Palestinians objected to the lack of emphasis on Israel de-escalating and decreasing its raids in the West Bank. Subsequently, on 5 February 2023, Osama Qawasmeh, member of the Political Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), said "The decisions that taken are irreversible and have entered into force, whether with regard to the relationship with Israel or seeking action at international institutions in light of the unsustainability of the current status quo.".
1341:
liberalized markets, sustaining democratic institutions, and protecting human rights. According to the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, aid to Palestinians totaled over $ 40 billion between 1994 and 2020. The biggest amount of this assistance (35.4%) was for supporting the PA's budget, while the rest was distributed to various economic sectors and services in the Palestinian territories. The majority of the aid (~72%) was provided by ten donors: the European Union (18.9%), the United States (14.2%), Saudi Arabia (9.9%), Germany (5.8%), the United Arab Emirates (5.2%), Norway (4.8%), United Kingdom (4.3%), the
2153:
agreement which will define the powers and responsibilities of the self-governing authority to be exercised in the West Bank and Gaza. A withdrawal of
Israeli armed forces will take place and there will be a redeployment of the remaining Israeli forces into specified security locations. The agreement will also include arrangements for assuring internal and external security and public order. A strong local police force will be established, which may include Jordanian citizens. In addition, Israeli and Jordanian forces will participate in joint patrols and in the manning of control posts to assure the security of the borders.
1212:
166:
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percent for nature reserves (approximately 10 percent of the West Bank, 86 percent of which lies in Area C). These areas are not mutually exclusive, and overlap in some cases. In practice it is virtually impossible for
Palestinians to obtain construction permits for residential or economic purposes, even within existing Palestinian villages in Area C: the application process has been described by an earlier World Bank report (2008) as fraught with "ambiguity, complexity and high cost".
1164:) and a permanent settlement of unresolved issues within five years, based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. Although the agreements recognize the Palestinian "legitimate and political rights," they remain silent about their fate after the interim period. The Oslo Accords neither define the nature of the post-Oslo Palestinian self-government and its powers and responsibilities, nor do they define the borders of the territory it eventually would govern.
2716:: "The two sides will cooperate in the context of the multilateral peace efforts in promoting a Development Program for the region, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, to be initiated by the G7. The parties will request the G7 to seek the participation in this program of other interested states, such as members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, regional Arab states and institutions, as well as members of the private sector."
1325:
inauguration of the
Council, the powers and responsibilities transferred to the Council shall be exercised by the Palestinian Authority established in accordance with the Gaza-Jericho Agreement, which shall also have all the rights, liabilities and obligations to be assumed by the Council in this regard. Accordingly, the term 'Council' throughout this Agreement shall, pending the inauguration of the Council, be construed as meaning the Palestinian Authority.
2012:(Paris Protocol), which regulates the economic relationship between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, but in effect integrated the Palestinian economy into the Israeli one. This agreement was superseded by the Oslo II Accord, except for Article XX (Confidence-Building Measures). Article XX dictated the release or turn over of Palestinian detainees and prisoners by Israel. The Paris Protocol was incorporated in Article XXIV of Oslo II.
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1576:. Hamas stated that these attacks were to put an end to the "peace process" and in response to the Cave of the Patriarchs Massacre. In 1994, Hamas killed around 55 Israelis and injured over 150 in an effort to derail the peace process, stating that its attacks were a part of jihad against Israel's occupation as well as retaliation for the Cave of the Patriarchs Massacre.
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1417:. Area C, covering some 60% of the West Bank, is under exclusive Israeli military and civilian control. Less than 1% of area C is designated for use by Palestinians, who are also unable to build in their own existing villages in area C due to Israeli restrictions. The Israeli Civil Administration, part of a larger entity known as
2159:
determine the final status of the West Bank and Gaza and its relationship with its neighbors and to conclude a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan by the end of the transitional period. These negotiations will be conducted among Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the elected representatives of the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza.
2027:(Palestinian parliament, PLC), replacing the PA upon its inauguration. Deployment of Palestinian Police replacing Israeli military forces in Area A. Safe passage between West Bank and Gaza. Most importantly, start of negotiations on a final settlement of remaining issues, to be concluded before 4 May 1999.
2158:
When the self-governing authority (administrative council) in the West Bank and Gaza is established and inaugurated, the transitional period of five years will begin. As soon as possible, but not later than the third year after the beginning of the transitional period, negotiations will take place to
2146:
Egypt and Israel agree that, ... there should be transitional arrangements for the West Bank and Gaza for a period not exceeding five years. In order to provide full autonomy to the inhabitants, under these arrangements the
Israeli military government and its civilian administration will be withdrawn
1900:
equates a one-state solution with "turning Israel into a non-national state", and argues "Israeli superiority in nearly all practical fields-economic, social, military-would be such that the
Palestinians would be turned into an exploited underclass devoid of real power". Avnery goes on: "The national
1840:
Daniel
Lieberfeld suggested Israel was constrained by its need for approval from key domestic institutions or constituencies, which meant excluding final-status issues from the negotiations. Lieberfeld argued it was unclear how such concerns were expected to have diminished within a few years to make
1648:
In addition to the general closure, Israel imposed temporary "comprehensive closures", which suspended all
Palestinian travel permits and all movement (of people and goods) within the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The UN estimates that this comprehensive closure was in place for 353 complete days between
1118:
The Oslo process is the "peace process" that started in 1993 with secret talks between Israel and the PLO. It became a cycle of negotiations, suspension, mediation, restart of negotiations and suspension again. A number of agreements were reached, until the Oslo process ended after the failure of the
2446:
Let me say to you, the
Palestinians: We are destined to live together, on the same soil in the same land. We, the soldiers who have returned from battle stained with blood, we who have seen our relatives and friends killed before our eyes, we who have attended their funerals and cannot look into the
1797:
Seth
Anziska argued Oslo provided the "vestiges of statehood without actual content", formalizing the "ceiling of Palestinian self-rule". Pointing to statements from Rabin that referred to a permanent solution of Israel existing alongside a Palestinian 'entity' that was (in Rabin's words) "less than
1631:
A permanent "general closure" on the occupied territories was enforced in 1993, regulating access to Jerusalem and Israel and making travel between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip "nearly impossible". The Gaza Strip was completely cut off from the West Bank and isolating the two economies from each
1409:
Some have interpreted this to mean that the Palestinian Authority was only meant to be temporary. Others have accused Israeli governments of not living up to their obligations under the Accord. The lack of a permanent agreement has lead both Israelis and Palestinians to regard the Oslo Accords as no
1255:
in the West Bank would be dissolved (Oslo II, Article I). Further redeployments of Israeli troops would follow upon the inauguration of the council, as detailed in the Protocol, Annex I of the Accord. Article I, 5. of Oslo II reads: "After the inauguration of the Council, the Civil Administration in
1610:
Despite the Oslo Accords stipulating that "neither side shall initiate or take any step that will change the status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip pending the outcome of the permanent status negotiations", Israeli settlement expansion continued during the Oslo period. The Jewish population in
1516:
on 26 January 2023 in which 10 Palestinians were killed, the Palestinian Authority suspended security coordination. According to U.S. and Israeli officials, U.S. security coordinator Lt. Gen. Michael Fenzel presented a security plan to the Israeli government and to the PA prior to the raid. After
1618:
Throughout the peace talks of the 1990s, Israelās settlements had expanded against a backdrop of growing Palestinian frustration, aggravated by Israeli closure and zoning policies that severely undermined the Palestinian economy, weakened its labor markets, and physically separated the Gaza Strip
1340:
After the Oslo Accords were signed in 1993, an international conference was held in Washington, D.C. to assure the economic solvency of the newly-established Palestinian National Authority. Key goals were economic development in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Middle East stability, introducing
975:
While the final goal in Camp David was a "peace treaty between Israel and Jordan, taking into account the agreement reached in the final status of the West Bank and Gaza", the Oslo negotiations were directly between Israel and the PLO and aimed at a peace treaty directly between these groups. The
971:
for the local, (Palestinian) inhabitants of West Bank and Gaza. At the time, there lived some 7,400 settlers in the West Bank (excluding East Jerusalem), and 500 in Gaza, with the number in the West Bank, however, rapidly growing. As Israel regarded the PLO a terrorist organisation, it refused to
2762:
1780:
Graham Usher argued the Accords provided "unconditional security for the Israelis and conditional security for the Palestinians." He noted how the security arrangements were "no more than the practical implementation of Israel's territorial and security ambitions in the occupied territories" and
1324:
1. Israel shall transfer powers and responsibilities as specified in this Agreement from the Israeli military government and its Civil Administration to the Council in accordance with this Agreement. Israel shall continue to exercise powers and responsibilities not so transferred. 2. Pending the
1184:
During the further redeployment phases to be completed within 18 months from the date of the inauguration of the Council, powers and responsibilities relating to territory will be transferred gradually to Palestinian jurisdiction that will cover West Bank and Gaza Strip territory, except for the
2926:
Less than 1 percent of Area C, which is already built up, is designated by the Israeli authorities for Palestinian use; the remainder is heavily restricted or off-limits to Palestinians, 13 with 68 percent reserved for Israeli settlements, 14 c. 21 percent for closed military zones, 15 and c. 9
1623:
Between 1993 and 2000, following the Oslo agreements, the Palestinian population experienced some increased autonomy within areas allocated by the accords such as Jericho, Areas A and B of the West Bank, Area H-1 of Hebron, and certain zones of the Gaza Strip. Despite this, the Israeli military
1806:
in an interview said, "Israel and the Western governments want Arafat to repress certain elements of his society. They want him to be a dictator. The mechanism of the peace accord makes this perfectly clear. I am for peace. And I am for a negotiated peace. But this accord is not a just peace."
1627:
The governance of the Palestinian areas, although partly facilitated by the PA, remained under the overarching control of the Israeli government, which retained significant authority, particularly through the imposition of severe restrictions on the movement of Palestinian goods and people. As
1643:
Given the focus on its economic effects, closure throughout the Oslo years was said to be lifted whenever Palestinian workers and businessmen were given permits to cross into Israel...The great majority of the population, who could not leave because they had no work in Israel or business with
1491:
coordination was intermittent, and it did not function effectively in 2000ā2006. The following years, the security coordination bore significant achievements, and has become a significant factor in maintaining security for both sides. A security analysis presented to the Israeli government by
1226:
By excluding Jerusalem and the settlements from the areas to be transferred to the Palestinians, Israeli presence, including the military to protect them, would not change without a negotiated agreement. The Accords also preserve Israel's exclusive control of the borders, the airspace and the
2152:
Egypt, Israel, and Jordan will agree on the modalities for establishing elected self-governing authority in the West Bank and Gaza. The delegations of Egypt and Jordan may include Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza or other Palestinians as mutually agreed. The parties will negotiate an
1336:
The Oslo Accords contained substantial provisions on economic matters and international aid: Annex IV of the Declaration of Principles (DoP) discusses regional cooperation and implicitly calls for major international aid efforts to help the Palestinians, Jordan, Israel and the entire region.
2329:
Oslo was opposed by the Islamic movements such as Hamas and Islamic Jihad, parties on the left such as the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), and also by intellectuals, mainstream politicians and former peace
1644:
Israelis, fell into the blind spot of the writers of realityās āofficial versionā ā most journalists and the officials and diplomats who talk to the press. Lost from sight was the fact that even when the closure was āliftedā, the vast majority of the population still couldnāt go anywhere.
1235:
as set out in Article XIV below. Israel shall continue to carry the responsibility for defense against external threats, including the responsibility for protecting the Egyptian and Jordanian borders, and for defense against external threats from the sea and from the air, as well as the
1175:
Further redeployments of Israeli military forces to specified military locations will commence after the inauguration of the Council and will be gradually implemented commensurate with the assumption of responsibility for public order and internal security by the Palestinian Police
1826:
One of the meanings of Oslo was that the PLO was Israelās collaborator in the task of cutting short an authentically democratic struggle for Palestinian independence... The Israelis conceived of Arafat as a collaborator of sorts, a sub-contractor in the task of enhancing Israelās
1365:, and the end of the permanent status negotiations, "leading to a permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338" (Oslo I, Article I). The permanent settlement was not defined. The interim period ended on 4 May 1999, five years after the signing of the
1606:
ahead of Peres for the first time since Rabin's murder. Shlaim describes the role played by the Israeli right during and after the Oslo years, highlighting prime minister Binyamin Netenyahu's "largely successful" attempts to undermine the accords after his election in 1996.
2962:
1405:āestablish a Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority...for the Palestinian people in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, for a transitional period not exceeding five years, leading to a permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338"
1628:
specified by Oslo II, Israel continued to control entry and exit points of Palestinian areas as well as the road network linking them. Furthermore, Israel maintained its presence in East Jerusalem, 60 percent of the West Bank, and parts of the Gaza Strip.
5773:
1201:"Area C" means areas of the West Bank outside Areas A and B, which, except for the issues that will be negotiated in the permanent status negotiations, will be gradually transferred to Palestinian jurisdiction in accordance with this Agreement.
1504:
in early 2016. Following the announcement that Israel will unilaterally annex territories in May 2020, the Palestinian Authority ceased security coordination with Israel. In August 2020, the annexation process was put on hold following the
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5529:
1388:
3. It is understood that these negotiations shall cover remaining issues, including: Jerusalem, refugees, settlements, security arrangements, borders, relations and cooperation with other neighbors, and other issues of common interest.
2959:
2447:
eyes of parents and orphans, we who have come from a land where parents bury their children, we who have fought against you, the Palestinians ā we say to you today in a loud and clear voice; Enough of blood and tears. Enough.
2023:, in effect fragmenting it into numerous enclaves and banning the Palestinians from some 60% of the West Bank. Redeployment of Israeli troops from Area A and from other areas through "Further Re-deployments." Election of the
1236:
responsibility for overall security of Israelis and Settlements, for the purpose of safeguarding their internal security and public order, and will have all the powers to take the steps necessary to meet this responsibility.
3413:
2836:
5319:
1384:
2. Permanent status negotiations will commence as soon as possible, but not later than the beginning of the third year of the interim period, between the Government of Israel and the Palestinian people's representatives.
976:
Oslo Accords, like the 1978 Camp David Accords, merely aimed at an interim agreement that allowed first steps. This was intended to be followed by negotiation of a complete settlement within five years. When, however, an
5602:
1836:
Shamir Hassan noted how the Accords contained no "palbable effort to resolve the core issues that collectively define the Israeli-Palestinian conflict" such as borders, Palestinian refugees, and the status of Jerusalem.
1788:
provided enormous scope for political patronage and criticized Palestinian security forces for operating without "even a semblance of due process," undertaking mass arrest sweeps without judicial warrant or sanction.
994:
2280:
1460:, Israel withdrew from 80% of Hebron in January 1997. With stalled negotiations, further redeployments did not take place. By March 1998, none of the withdrawals had occurred. In October 1998, the parties signed the
1138:, and explicitly aimed at a two-state solution and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. The Roadmap, however, soon entered a cycle similar to the Oslo process, but without producing any agreement.
1989:(1993). The "Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements" (DOPOISGA or DOP), which declared the aim of the negotiations and set forth the framework for the interim period. Dissolution of the
4322:
3751:
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1978:
5793:
1772:." Karsh notes: "All in all, more than 1,600 Israelis have been murdered and another 9,000 wounded since the signing of the DOP ānearly four times the average death toll of the preceding twenty-six years."
3942:
792:
1001:, each party agreed to accept the other as a negotiation partner. The PLO recognized the State of Israel. Israel recognized the PLO as "the representative of the Palestinian people"; no more, no less.
1733:. However, he fell far short of the Shamir government's 1991ā92 level and refrained from building new settlements, although the Oslo agreements stipulated no such ban. Construction of Housing Units:
972:
talk with the sole representative of the Palestinian people. Instead, Israel preferred to negotiate with Egypt and Jordan, and "elected representatives of the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza".
1167:
A core issue of the Oslo Accords was the withdrawal of the Israeli military from Palestinian territories. The plan was a withdrawal in phases and a simultaneous transfer of responsibilities to the
4746:
4055:
2289:
Quote of Yitzhak Rabin: "We do not accept the Palestinian goal of an independent Palestinian state between Israel and Jordan. We believe there is a separate Palestinian entity short of a state."
1901:
struggle would by no means cease. It would make it much easier for Jews to buy Arab land on the West Bank, control immigration, and take other measures to safeguard their national superiority."
4161:
3387:
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1464:, promising resumption of the redeployments, but only the first stage was implemented. While Netanyahu faced opposition within his cabinet, additional withdrawals were delayed. During the
1208:"Jerusalem, settlements, specified military locations, Palestinian refugees, borders, foreign relations and Israelis; and ... powers and responsibilities not transferred to the Council."
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3417:
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and transfer of some powers and responsibilities on civil matters to the interim Palestinian Authority. All to agree upon within two months from October 1993 (Oslo I, Annex II).
482:
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Nevertheless, elements of the Oslo Accords remained. The interim Palestinian Authority became permanent, and a dominant factor of the PLO. The West Bank remained divided into
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2532:, p. 29. Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Winter, 1982), pp. 16ā54. Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Institute for Palestine Studies
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or Cairo Agreement (1994). Partial Israeli withdrawal within three weeks from Gaza Strip and Jericho area, being the start of the five-year transitional period (Article V of
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a week later. Hamas claimed responsibility for both attacks. The attacks may have been timed to disrupt negotiations between Israel and PLO on the implementation of the
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pp. 1629ā1630: ", and 18 months after the election of the Palestinian Council, which was designated to succeed the PNA as the primary Palestinian governmental body."
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Kimmerling, Baruch, and Migdal, Joel S. The Palestinian people : a history. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2003.
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4. The two parties agree that the outcome of the permanent status negotiations should not be prejudiced or preempted by agreements reached for the interim period.
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842:
274:
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Le More, Anne. International Assistance to the Palestinians After Oslo: Political Guilt, Wasted Money. N.p., Taylor & Francis, 2008.
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and show therefore considerable similarity with those Accords. The Camp David's "Framework for Peace in the Middle East" envisioned autonomy for the local, and
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for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) were on 20 January 1996. The governments elected by the PLC retained the name "Palestinian National Authority."
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Baconi, Tareq. Hamas Contained: The Rise and Pacification of Palestinian Resistance. United States, Stanford University Press, 2018.
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and the term "Interim Self-Government Authority" (Oslo I, Article I). The interim period was designed to bridge the period between the establishment of the
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6362:
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39:
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The Oslo Accords brought on the security coordination between Israel and the PA.. Military intelligence coordination officially began in 1996. After the
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876:; and the international acknowledgement of the PLO as Israel's partner in permanent-status negotiations about any remaining issues revolving around the
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Norman G. Finkelstein, Beyond Chutzpah: On the misuse of anti-Semitism and the abuse of history, expanded paperback edition (Berkeley: 2008), pp 194
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2511:
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The Transitional Period is commonly known as the interim period (Oslo I, Article V) or interim phase. Hence the name "Interim Agreement" for the
1312:, in accordance with Article V of this Agreement, except for the authority that Israel shall continue to exercise as specified in this Agreement.
1231:
In order to guarantee public order and internal security for the Palestinians of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the Council shall establish a
861:
by the PLO and the recognition by Israel of the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people and as a partner in bilateral negotiations.
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suggests the success of a one-state solution might lie in its drawing on existing identities and institutions rather than imagining them gone.
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217:
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as soon as a self-governing authority has been freely elected by the inhabitants of these areas to replace the existing military government.
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During the years of the Oslo peace process, the population of settlers in the West Bank nearly doubled, and no settlements were evacuated.
5178:
3912:
3466:
1785:
5900:
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1725:, Netanyahu continued construction within existing Israeli settlements, and put forward plans for the construction of a new neighborhood,
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945:āWe who have fought against you, the Palestinians, we say to you today, in a loud and a clear voice; Enough of blood and tears. Enough!ā
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5314:
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maintained its presence in the occupied Palestinian territories while Israeli land confiscation and settlement expansion continued.
1453:
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Israel shall transfer authority as specified in this Agreement from the Israeli military government and its Civil Administration to
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814:
170:
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argues the embrace of a two-state solution at the height of the Oslo process has since dissipated and an alternative proposal is a
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UN Report of the Secretary-General submitted in accordance to GA resolution ES- 10/2, 26 June 1997. SC, item Agenda 5, para. 22.
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1483:, the Palestinian leadership effectively ceased security coordination with Israel, but it was renewed after the signing of the
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In May 1999, the five years interim period ended without reaching a comprehensive peace agreement. Both parties had agreed to:
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Permanent status negotiations about remaining issues would start not later than May 1996 (two years after the signing of the
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Weiner, Justus R. "An Analysis of the Oslo II Agreement in Light of the Expectations of Shimon Peres and Mahmoud Abbas."
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negotiators such as Haydar Abd al-Shafi, Karma Nabulsi and Edward Said. The latter famously described the agreement as...
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Mideast accord: the overview; Rabin and Arafat sign accord ending Israel's 27-year hold on Jericho and the Gaza Strip
1997:
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1422:
1274:; Oslo I, Article V) and be concluded before May 1999 (end of 5 year interim period). A peace treaty would end the
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737:
507:
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294:
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failed to redress "the imbalanced distribution of military and territorial resources held by Israel over the PA."
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5240:
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1614:
This expansion of settlements is widely seen to be a key obstacle to peace. Avi Shlaim describes this situation:
1595:, which Avi Shlaim describes as "the greatest mistake of Peres's political career" due to the subsequent rise of
1561:
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467:
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3100:"Despite the pressure, the President and leadership insist on decisions made regarding relationship with Israel"
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1211:
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1068:
868:, which was tasked with the responsibility of conducting limited Palestinian self-governance over parts of the
647:
6013:
5892:
1611:
the West Bank and Gaza Strip (excluding East Jerusalem) grew from 115,700 to 203,000 between 1993 and 2000.
1468:, in 2002, the Israeli military re-occupied many of the areas previously turned over to Palestinian control.
892:, Israel's maintenance of control over security following the establishment of Palestinian autonomy, and the
6441:
6431:
6401:
6238:
5075:
4226:
3774:
2939:
1957:
1293:
993:
Only after Israel's acceptance of the PLO as negotiation partner could serious negotiations start. In their
3656:
1091:ā Norwegian Deputy Foreign Minister, provided political cover, facilities and finances for the negotiations
6446:
6421:
6220:
6216:
5641:
5637:
5246:
5232:
4978:
1815:
1433:
1381:
1. The five-year transitional period will begin upon the withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and Jericho area.
1120:
880:. Bilateral dialogue stems from questions related to the international border between Israel and a future
761:
314:
304:
2892:
1372:
Article V of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (DOP or Oslo I) reads:
6316:
5989:
5256:
5000:
4686:
4261:
4201:
3967:
3457:
2541:
2005:
1850:
1756:
described the Accords as "the starkest strategic blunder in history," creating the conditions for "the
1497:
1297:
1157:
904:
635:
5473:
2163:
1094:
2506:
1887:, which would combine Israel and the Palestinian territories into a single state with one government.
1552:
Less than six months after the signing of the DOP, an Israeli extremist killed 29 Palestinians in the
1436:, the US tried to save the Accords by reviving the negotiations. After the failure of the Summit, the
6298:
6204:
5786:
5683:
5614:
5431:
5397:
5337:
5308:
5088:
5082:
4865:
4804:
4799:
4780:
4676:
3709:. Hilde Henriksen Waage, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. XXXVIII, No. 1 (Autumn 2008), pp. 54ā65;
2093:
1500:, Palestinian security forces were responsible for about 40% of arrests of terrorism suspects in the
1484:
1461:
912:
665:
410:
354:
284:
3805:
3748:"The Last Chance for a Two-State Solution for Israelis and Palestinians May be to Think Much Bigger"
3489:
2794:
2062:
2039:
1564:
killing eight Israelis and injuring 34. An additional five Israelis were killed and 30 injured as a
6076:
6001:
5983:
5961:
5845:
5827:
4982:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4877:
4513:
1584:
1100:
931:
Israelis also opposed the Oslo Accords, and Rabin was assassinated in 1995 by a right-wing Israeli
889:
438:
1292:
When the Oslo I Accord was signed in 1993, neither a government, nor a parliament existed for the
6286:
6242:
6110:
5840:
5659:
5543:
5409:
4988:
4971:
4691:
4488:
3864:
3825:
3625:
3509:
3360:
3215:. The cultures and practice of violence series. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. p. 68.
2139:
1884:
1862:
1722:
1603:
1215:
1194:
1074:
964:
928:
885:
881:
618:
595:
405:
334:
244:
3714:
3452:
3126:"Leadership decisions regarding relationship with Israel have entered into force, says official"
1890:
3907:
2613:
1456:, Israel withdrew in 1994 from Jericho and from most of the Gaza Strip. In accordance with the
6248:
6153:
5943:
4959:
4917:
4785:
4483:
4332:
4109:
4088:
4082:
3710:
3592:
3544:
3250:
3216:
2435:
2306:
2253:
2217:
1768:
with "vile anti-Jewish (and anti-Israel) incitement unparalleled in scope and intensity since
1696:
1653:
1545:
1131:
639:
400:
4103:
2300:
1256:
the West Bank will be dissolved, and the Israeli military government shall be withdrawn...."
6336:
6159:
5862:
5715:
5236:
5214:
5050:
4911:
4621:
4586:
4533:
4418:
3893:
3856:
3817:
3668:
3501:
1918:
1316:
The PA temporarily executed some powers and responsibilities until the establishment of the
1055:ā formed first Israeli negotiating team with Hirschfeld, before official Israeli involvement
822:
689:
655:
183:
102:
2431:
The Rabin Memoirs, Expanded Edition with Recent Speeches, New Photographs, and an Afterword
2040:
Agreement on Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities Between Israel and the PLO
1684:
6342:
5995:
5222:
5163:
5118:
5055:
4963:
4666:
4636:
4626:
4591:
4561:
4423:
4001:
3916:
3706:
3351:
3303:
Haas, āIsraelās Closure Policy: An Ineffective Strategy of Containment and Repressionā, 8.
3181:
3025:
3006:
2966:
2946:
2803:
2713:
2693:
2654:
2622:
2597:
2572:
2550:
2515:
2284:
2172:
1757:
1599:. Shortly after this increase in violence and Israeli security concerns, polls would show
1488:
1465:
1457:
1437:
1259:
Twenty years later, however, the withdrawal of Israeli troops did not take place, and the
1124:
1040:
608:
188:
2990:×Ø×ש ×ש×"×: ×ש×× ×× ×× × ××××××× ×פ××”××× ××× ×ק×××× ××××¢ ×× ××”×××× ×¤××××¢××", ×××Øׄ, 4 ×××× 2016
1758:
bloodiest and most destructive confrontation between Israelis and Palestinians since 1948
1721:
While Peres had limited settlement construction at the request of US Secretary of State,
3018:
5102:
5069:
5038:
4885:
4701:
4616:
4611:
4528:
4518:
4428:
4337:
4292:
2016:
1962:
1819:
1799:
1730:
1518:
1354:
826:
643:
567:
526:
515:
122:
3697:
2359:
2302:
International Assistance to the Palestinians After Oslo: Political Guilt, Wasted Money
1247:
Then, Israeli troops to withdraw from populated Palestinian areas to pave the way for
6385:
5425:
4706:
4696:
4681:
4661:
4656:
4601:
4596:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4508:
4458:
4206:
3829:
2049:
1986:
1932:
1573:
1541:
1533:
1058:
1015:
998:
955:
951:
818:
520:
106:
53:
45:
3657:"Secrecy and "Two-Level Games" in the Oslo Accord: What the Primary Sources Tell Us"
2999:
2873:
2806:. Azmi Bishara, Journal of Palestine Studies Vol. 28, No. 2 (Winter, 1999), pp. 5ā16
2706:
4994:
4716:
4711:
4646:
4641:
4631:
4606:
4581:
4553:
4523:
4498:
4448:
3448:
1769:
1760:" and radicalizing "a new generation of Palestinians" living under the rule of the
1753:
1657:
1592:
1588:
1537:
1046:
1034:
49:
3895:
The Discourse of Palestinian-Israeli Relations: Persistent Analytics and Practices
3821:
3591:. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town: Oxford University Press. pp. 191, 211.
2563:
2031:
All later agreements had the purpose to implement the former four key agreements.
17:
2008:(PA), which was established in the same agreement. Part of the Agreement was the
1784:
Writing in the immediate aftermath of the Accords, Usher argued the multitude of
6232:
5647:
4905:
4793:
4538:
4503:
4493:
4478:
4468:
4453:
4443:
4438:
4403:
4357:
3992:
2675:. Annex I to the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (Oslo II)
2543:
Israel-PLO Recognition: Exchange of Letters between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat
1946:
1941:
1880:
1803:
1088:
1021:
908:
830:
543:
324:
118:
57:
4139:
3414:"Housing Starts in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip Settlements, 1990ā2003"
3125:
3099:
2733:"International Aid to the Palestinians: Between Politicization and Development"
2684:
1849:
Norwegian academics, including Norway's leading authority on the negotiations,
6019:
4473:
4463:
4433:
4413:
4408:
3243:"It's now clear: the Oslo peace accords were wrecked by Netanyahu's bad faith"
2856:"It's now clear: the Oslo peace accords were wrecked by Netanyahu's bad faith"
1908:
1897:
1874:
1636:
1342:
1077:- Israeli lawyer and legal adviser for the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1052:
873:
631:
4016:
The Palestinian economy: between imposed integration and voluntary separation
3672:
3254:
6147:
5572:
4671:
4543:
4362:
1870:
1501:
1106:
1064:
932:
869:
627:
4084:
Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine
3729:
2238:"Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
2034:
Additional Israeli-Palestinian agreements related to the Oslo Accords are:
1993:
upon the inauguration of the Palestinian Legislative Council (Article VII).
2142:, part of the 1978 Camp David Accords and blueprint for the Oslo Accords:
4395:
4216:
4193:
3326:
3040:"Blinken pressed Abbas to accept U.S. security plan for Jenin and Nablus"
2360:"U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE 1995 APRIL: PATTERNS OF GLOBAL TERRORISM, 1994"
1726:
1632:
other. In 1994, an electric fence was constructed around the Gaza Strip.
1493:
1263:
still has permanent military presence in more than 80% of the West Bank (
954:
said on behalf of the Israeli people after the historical handshake with
3629:
3613:
3388:"Extraordinary Increase in Settlement Construction as Diplomacy Falters"
1877:, and as such have been interpreted as anticipating a two-state future.
6226:
3868:
3844:
3513:
3490:"The Politics of Internal Security: The PA's New Intelligence Services"
3398:(2). Foundation for Middle East Peace. MarchāApril 1998. Archived from
2907:"West Bank and Gaza ā Area C and the future of the Palestinian economy"
864:
Among the notable outcomes of the Oslo Accords was the creation of the
681:
604:
2673:
Redeployment of Israeli Military Forces and Transfer of Responsibility
1205:
The issues that will be negotiated, according to Article XVII.1, are:
1152:
Stated goals of the Oslo Accords were among other things, Palestinian
4211:
4105:
Erased in a Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians
2483:"20 years on, Rabin's right-hand man regrets arguments won, and lost"
1569:
810:
572:
555:
531:
193:
159:
141:
3860:
3505:
3213:
The making of a human bomb: an ethnography of Palestinian resistance
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2056:(the term is used on the Israel MFA website). Superseded by Oslo II.
1251:
to establish the council. The council would replace the PA, and the
1185:
issues that will be negotiated in the permanent status negotiations.
3566:"Twenty years on: Edward Said's life and writings, in seven quotes"
2837:"Israel Never Honored The Oslo Peace Accords Signed at White House"
2796:
4 May 1999 and Palestinian Statehood: To Declare or Not to Declare?
2668:
Annex I: Protocol Concerning Redeployment and Security Arrangements
2202:"Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements"
980:
was concluded on 26 October 1994, it was without the Palestinians.
4256:
4251:
3968:"Agreement On Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities"
2240:. 15 November 2002. Archived from the original on 15 November 2002
2204:. 15 November 2002. Archived from the original on 15 November 2002
2072:
1765:
1600:
1557:
1528:
920:
550:
3541:
Preventing Palestine: A Political History from Camp David to Oslo
2707:
Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements
2508:
By Hook and by Crook ā Israeli Settlement Policy in the West Bank
2374:"What were the Oslo Accords between Israel and the Palestinians?"
899:
A large portion of the Palestinian population, including various
3070:"US presses PA to accept plan to quash Palestinian armed groups"
896:. The Oslo Accords did not create a definite Palestinian state.
854:
5896:
5816:
5498:
4737:
4383:
4181:
4143:
2763:"QWIDS ā Query Wizard for International Development Statistics"
1024:(a.k.a. Abu Ala) ā PLO negotiator during the Oslo peace process
2529:
Israeli Settlements in Occupied Arab Lands: Conquest to Colony
1667:
3994:
Palestinians in the West Bank chafe under `early empowermentā²
3356:"In West Bank, 'Time' for Settlements Is Clearly Not 'Out'"
2404:"Israel-Palestine peace accord signed | September 13, 1993"
2063:
Protocol on Further Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities
1496:
in 2016 praised the security cooperation. According to the
3614:"Oslo Accords: The Genesis and Consequences for Palestine"
3149:
3147:
3699:
Postscript to Oslo: The Mystery of Norway's Missing Files
3806:"Mirage or Vision: Binationalism in Theory and Practice"
3182:"Chronological Review of Events/April 1994 ā DPR review"
1049:ā Israeli Foreign Minister during the Oslo peace process
4031:
Dishonest broker: the U.S. role in Israel and Palestine
3730:"How Israeli Settlements Impede the Two-State Solution"
3589:
Scars of war, wounds of peace: the Israeli-Arab tragedy
2461:"1993 Year in Review: Israeli-Palestinian Peace Treaty"
1861:
Although the Oslo Accords did not explicitly endorse a
1692:
1419:
Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories
1197:
would follow in subsequent phases. Article XI.3 states:
2940:××”×. ××. ×××. ×××Ŗ××× ××Ŗ××××× ×©××× ××××Ø× ××Ŗ×××× ā ××ק ×
1814:, former Israeli foreign minister (at the time of the
1798:
a state", Anziska argued the Accords were a legacy of
1061:ā Israeli Prime Minister during the Oslo peace process
853:. The Oslo process began after secret negotiations in
1509:, and in November security cooperation was restored.
1377:
Transitional Period and Permanent Status Negotiations
2893:"30 Years Later, It's Time to Bury the Oslo Accords"
2271:
2269:
1740:
After Oslo: 3,840 (1994ā95) and 3,570 (1996ā97).
1591:
would give the green light for the assassination of
1440:
broke out and the "peace process" reached deadlock.
997:
of 9 September 1993, days before the signing of the
884:: negotiations for this subject are centered around
6325:
6168:
6046:
5935:
5734:
5701:
5629:
5564:
5516:
5509:
5363:
5350:
5284:
5273:
5171:
5162:
5110:
5101:
5030:
5023:
4945:
4932:
4844:
4837:
4770:
4761:
4552:
4394:
4350:
4270:
4234:
4225:
4192:
2048:This agreement was signed on 29 August 1994 at the
2004:). Simultaneously transfer of limited power to the
1507:
IsraelāUnited Arab Emirates normalization agreement
373:
363:
353:
343:
333:
323:
313:
303:
293:
283:
273:
263:
253:
243:
176:
147:
129:
91:
83:
73:
65:
4050:Text on Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs website
3962:
3960:
3937:Text on Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs website
3416:. Foundation for Middle East Peace. Archived from
1043:ā Israeli negotiator during the Oslo peace process
1037:ā Israeli negotiator during the Oslo peace process
2608:
2606:
1982:(1993). Mutual recognition of Israel and the PLO.
1793:Undermining Palestinian aspirations for statehood
1189:The first phase included the withdrawal from the
2258:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2222:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1242:partial Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and Jericho
1169:Palestinian authorities for maintaining security
3000:××Øש××Ŗ ×פ××”××× ××Ŗ ×××××¢× ×¢× ××××ש ××Ŗ×××× ×¢× ×ש×Ø××
2434:. University of California Press. p. 401.
2071:This agreement was signed on 27 August 1995 at
1109:ā Norwegian facilitator during the negotiations
1103:ā Norwegian facilitator during the negotiations
943:
3236:
3234:
3232:
2731:DC, Arab Center Washington (16 October 2023).
2086:Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron
1227:territorial Gaza waters. Oslo II, Article XII:
27:1993ā1995 IsraeliāPalestinian peace agreements
6437:1993 in the Israeli Civil Administration area
5908:
4155:
4042:
4040:
3843:Avnery, Uri; Bishara, Azmi (8 October 1999).
3323:"1994: Israelis and Arafat share peace prize"
2583:
2581:
1359:Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority
1310:the Palestinian Authority, hereby established
1282:Palestinian Authority and Legislative Council
786:
87:13 September 1993 (Declaration of Principles)
8:
3346:
3344:
2625:, pp. 1627, 1630ā1631. CQ Press, March 2014.
2134:
2132:
2130:
1548:following the Oslo Accords, 10 December 1994
32:
5833:Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany
2287:. Chris Hedges, New York Times, 5 May 1994.
1652:In 1994, Arafat and Rabin were awarded the
1320:. Article I.1ā2 of the Oslo II Accord read:
841:aimed at achieving a peace treaty based on
52:(middle), and Palestinian political leader
6427:State of PalestineāUnited States relations
6371:IsraeliāLebanese maritime border agreement
5915:
5901:
5893:
5813:
5513:
5506:
5495:
5360:
5281:
5168:
5107:
5027:
4942:
4841:
4767:
4758:
4734:
4391:
4380:
4231:
4189:
4178:
4162:
4148:
4140:
3734:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
2790:
2788:
2165:The Framework for Peace in the Middle East
1639:described this general closure mechanism:
1018:ā PLO leader during the Oslo peace process
793:
779:
730:IsraeliāPalestinian economic peace efforts
226:
203:
38:
31:
6081:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
6055:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
3543:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
3153:
2909:. World Bank. 2 October 2013. p. 4.
1973:Key agreements in the Oslo process were:
1949:, premiere production July 2016 in London
1427:IsraeliāPalestinian Joint Water Committee
1345:(3.2%), Japan (2.9%), and France (2.7%).
915:". The peace process was strained by the
809:are a pair of interim agreements between
3898:, p. 5. Sean F. McMahon, Routledge, 2009
2841:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
1802:'s opposition to Palestinian statehood.
1210:
833:, in 1995. They marked the start of the
5878:There was no such thing as Palestinians
3165:
2657:, 28 September 1995. On ProCon website.
2190:
2126:
2019:(1995). Division of the West Bank into
1097:ā Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs
963:The Oslo Accords are based on the 1978
216:
6363:IsraelāMorocco normalization agreement
6353:BahraināIsrael normalization agreement
4058:from the original on 13 September 2018
3945:from the original on 13 September 2018
3929:
3927:
3925:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
2251:
2215:
2140:Framework for Peace in the Middle East
1071:, head of the Israeli negotiating team
903:, staunchly opposed the Oslo Accords;
240:
4131:Michigan Journal of International Law
3974:from the original on 22 November 2018
3773:Lustick, Ian S. (14 September 2013).
3754:from the original on 15 November 2023
3679:from the original on 12 November 2023
3469:from the original on 20 December 2016
3176:
3174:
2818:"Toward Palestine's 'Mubarak moment'"
2726:
2724:
2722:
2196:
2194:
1454:first Palestinian Authority elections
1148:West Bank areas in the Oslo II Accord
7:
6358:IsraelāSudan normalization agreement
6097:IsraelāSyria disengagement agreement
5780:South African allegation of genocide
4108:. Human Rights Watch. pp. 66ā.
3875:from the original on 22 October 2023
3785:from the original on 22 October 2023
3520:from the original on 12 October 2023
3192:from the original on 5 November 2023
3132:from the original on 5 February 2023
3106:from the original on 5 February 2023
3080:from the original on 5 February 2023
3050:from the original on 5 February 2023
2743:from the original on 18 October 2023
2615:Political Handbook of the World 2014
2384:from the original on 19 October 2023
2354:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2319:from the original on 21 January 2023
1425:, is still functioning in full. The
1300:(PA or PNA) was created by the 1994
6417:1995 in the Palestinian territories
5851:Israeli criticism of the occupation
3775:"Opinion | Two-State Illusion"
3636:from the original on 26 August 2023
3564:Uddin, Rayhan (25 September 2023).
3453:"Why the Oslo Process Doomed Peace"
2773:from the original on 21 August 2023
2428:Rabin, Yitzhak (17 November 1996).
1832:Deferring final status negotiations
1222:, in blue and red, in December 2011
6412:Treaties of the State of Palestine
6348:IsraelāUAE normalization agreement
6239:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
4102:Stork, Joe; Kane, Kristen (2002).
3970:. United Nations. 29 August 1994.
3368:from the original on 26 March 2022
2916:from the original on 1 August 2014
25:
6392:IsraeliāPalestinian peace process
4872:Attacks against Israeli civilians
4247:Palestine Liberation Organization
3919:. Gaza Gateway, 13 September 2012
3845:"A Binational State? God Forbid!"
3241:Shlaim, Avi (12 September 2013).
2854:Shlaim, Avi (12 September 2013).
1979:IsraelāPLO letters of recognition
1587:recently selected prime minister
1517:the raid, U.S Secretary of State
1514:an Israeli military raid on Jenin
1288:International aid to Palestinians
1067:ā former Director General of the
1010:Palestine Liberation Organization
911:described them as a "Palestinian
815:Palestine Liberation Organization
78:IsraeliāPalestinian peace process
6277:Agreement on Movement and Access
5672:Agreement on Movement and Access
5603:US security assistance to the PA
5525:Palestinian expulsion and flight
5064:1983 West Bank fainting epidemic
3038:Ravid, Barak (1 February 2023).
2979:×××××Ŗ ×Ŗ×××× ×¤×¢××××Ŗ ×××ש×× ×ש××××
2891:Ibsais, Ahmad (4 October 2023).
2110:Agreement on Movement and Access
1925:
1911:
1857:Alternatives to the Oslo Accords
1776:Undermining Palestinian security
1672:
1421:(COGAT), which is a unit in the
1130:During the Second Intifada, the
1123:in 2000 and the outbreak of the
746:Middle East economic integration
345:Agreement on Movement and Access
164:
152:
134:
112:
96:
6311:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
6305:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
6273:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
5722:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
5710:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
5666:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
5150:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
2175:(1978). Accessed December 2013)
2025:Palestinian Legislative Council
1737:Before Oslo: 13,960 (1991ā1992)
1554:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
1363:Palestinian Legislative Council
1162:Palestinian Legislative Council
917:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
851:United Nations Security Council
652:Palestinian Prisoners' Document
6397:IsraelāUnited States relations
5950:McMahonāHussein Correspondence
5530:depopulated towns and villages
5315:Palestinian militancy campaign
2878:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
2705:Annex IV (paragraph 1) of the
2299:Anne Le More (31 March 2008).
2010:Protocol on Economic Relations
1762:Palestinian National Authority
1717:Continued settlement expansion
1581:assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
927:suicide bombings and attacks.
866:Palestinian National Authority
754:Alliance for Middle East Peace
708: / groups /
424:Palestinian political violence
1:
6038:American trusteeship proposal
3822:10.1080/17449057.2016.1210346
1953:Arafat's Johannesburg Address
1841:final-status talks possible.
1812:Scars of War, Wounds of Peace
1566:Palestinian detonated himself
1171:. Oslo II, Article X.2 reads:
995:Letters of Mutual Recognition
4171:IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
3849:Journal of Palestine Studies
3728:Owda, Reham (7 March 2023).
3494:Journal of Palestine Studies
2518:, p. 90. BāTselem, July 2010
2463:. United Press International
1991:Israeli Civil Administration
1748:Undermining Israeli security
1695:or discuss the issue on the
1562:first lethal suicide bombing
1276:IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
1253:Israeli Civil Administration
878:IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
211:IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
5191:Palestinian suicide attacks
5137:Palestinian suicide attacks
3655:Lieberfeld, Daniel (2008).
2647:1995 Oslo Interim Agreement
2054:Early Empowerment Agreement
1867:self-governing institutions
1822:describes the Oslo process:
989:Mutual recognition of sides
901:Palestinian militant groups
894:Palestinian right of return
48:(left), American president
6463:
6211:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
6199:BeilināAbu Mazen agreement
6193:IsraelāJordan peace treaty
6125:Palestinian autonomy talks
5678:Valley of Peace initiative
5621:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
5303:Jerusalem bulldozer attack
5179:Palestinian rocket attacks
4242:All-Palestine Protectorate
3909:Will we always have Paris?
2969:, ××¢×Ø×××Ŗ 445, ××ק××××Ø 2012
2696:. B'Tselem, 9 October 2013
2102:Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum
1687:towards certain viewpoints
1649:March 1993 and June 1997.
1423:Defense Ministry of Israel
1285:
1145:
1136:Quartet on the Middle East
978:IsraelāJordan peace treaty
447:Zionist political violence
295:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
6121:EgyptāIsrael peace treaty
5978:FaisalāWeizmann agreement
5823:
5812:
5505:
5494:
5293:"Bringing Home the Goods"
4954:Avivim school bus bombing
4757:
4733:
4390:
4379:
4188:
4177:
4081:Dunning, Tristan (2016).
3705:24 September 2015 at the
3661:International Negotiation
3211:Abufarha, Nasser (2009).
2949:, ××× ××"× 35, ×× ×××Ø 2004
2737:Arab Center Washington DC
2712:October 14, 2007, at the
2600:. Retrieved December 2013
2575:. Retrieved December 2013
2305:. Routledge. p. 65.
2162:(See JimmyCarterLibrary,
2077:Further Transfer Protocol
1481:Western Wall Tunnel riots
1397:End of the interim period
1156:Self-Government (not the
1142:Outline of the peace plan
925:Palestinian Islamic Jihad
719:Peace-orientated projects
675:Israeli unilateral plans:
468:Israeli West Bank barrier
37:
6160:IsraelāLebanon agreement
5972:Anglo-French Declaration
5968:Declaration to the Seven
5873:Timeline of anti-Zionism
5394:EgyptāGaza border breach
5299:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
5011:Misgav Am hostage crisis
3915:25 December 2013 at the
3673:10.1163/138234008X298002
3587:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2007).
3028:, ××¢×Ø××, 17 ×× ×××××Ø 2020
2596:15 February 2021 at the
2571:24 December 2013 at the
2171:16 December 2013 at the
2079:. Superseded by Oslo II.
1069:Israeli Foreign Ministry
857:, resulting in both the
648:Israeli Peace Initiative
5458:"Guardian of the Walls"
5332:IsraelāPalestine crisis
4000:12 October 2017 at the
3612:Hassan, Shamir (2011).
3009:, ×××Øׄ, 17 ×× ×××××Ø 2020
2981:, ××Ŗ×Ø ××ש××Ŗ ×ש×Ø××, 2021
2965:24 January 2022 at the
2945:21 January 2022 at the
2802:6 November 2016 at the
2283:9 December 2020 at the
1958:Islamic Salvation Party
1786:various security forces
1294:Palestinian territories
1218:, controlled by Israel
44:Israeli prime minister
6269:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
6189:GazaāJericho Agreement
6071:Tripartite Declaration
5597:GazaāJericho Agreement
5376:Gaza cross-border raid
5247:Ain es Saheb airstrike
5203:Israeli assassinations
5005:South Lebanon conflict
4979:Kiryat Shmona massacre
4133:17.3 (1996): 667ā704.
3804:Abulof, Uriel (2016).
3539:Anziska, Seth (2018).
3488:Usher, Graham (1996).
2692:6 January 2016 at the
2653:1 October 2015 at the
2459:Dicus, Howard (1993).
2075:. It is also known as
2052:. It is also known as
1998:GazaāJericho Agreement
1829:
1816:2000 Camp David summit
1646:
1621:
1549:
1512:Immediately following
1450:GazaāJericho Agreement
1434:2000 Camp David Summit
1407:
1394:
1367:GazaāJericho Agreement
1327:
1314:
1304:. Article III.1 reads:
1302:GazaāJericho Agreement
1272:GazaāJericho Agreement
1238:
1223:
1203:
1187:
1178:
1005:Principal participants
947:
762:Peres Center for Peace
315:The Clinton Parameters
69:Bilateral negotiations
6317:John Kerry Parameters
5990:Churchill White Paper
5956:SykesāPicot Agreement
5929:ArabāIsraeli conflict
5275:Palestinian dissident
5131:Temple Mount killings
5001:Coastal Road massacre
4687:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi
4262:Palestinian Authority
4202:Israel Defense Forces
4029:Aruri, Naseer Hasan,
3458:Middle East Quarterly
3186:Question of Palestine
3154:Stork & Kane 2002
2514:17 April 2014 at the
2006:Palestinian Authority
1851:Hilde Henriksen Waage
1824:
1641:
1616:
1532:
1475:Security coordination
1403:
1374:
1322:
1306:
1298:Palestinian Authority
1249:Palestinian elections
1240:The first step was a
1229:
1214:
1199:
1193:. Redeployments from
1182:
1173:
1158:Palestinian Authority
1146:Further information:
859:recognition of Israel
636:Arab Peace Initiative
500:International brokers
6299:Annapolis Conference
6293:UNSC Resolution 1701
6283:UNSC Resolution 1850
6265:UNSC Resolution 1583
6259:UNSC Resolution 1566
6255:UNSC Resolution 1559
6205:Wye River Memorandum
6061:Armistice agreements
5787:Nicaragua v. Germany
5747:Palestine and the UN
5684:Annapolis Conference
5615:Wye River Memorandum
5438:Gaza border protests
5432:Freedom Flotilla III
5388:Beit Hanoun shelling
5372:Gaza beach explosion
5089:Night of the Gliders
4677:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
3024:7 April 2022 at the
3005:7 April 2022 at the
2621:20 June 2023 at the
2094:Wye River Memorandum
1844:
1485:Wye River Memorandum
1462:Wye River Memorandum
1261:Civil Administration
1134:was proposed by the
984:Negotiation partners
905:Palestinian-American
666:Three-state solution
478:FatahāHamas conflict
429:Palestinian refugees
411:Palestinian enclaves
355:Annapolis Conference
285:Wye River Memorandum
6142:UNSC Resolution 497
6136:UNSC Resolution 478
6130:UNSC Resolution 452
6117:UNSC Resolution 446
6107:UNSC Resolution 425
6101:UNSC Resolution 350
6091:UNSC Resolution 339
6087:UNSC Resolution 338
6077:Khartoum Resolution
6065:Lausanne Conference
6014:MorrisonāGrady Plan
5984:San Remo conference
5962:Balfour Declaration
5868:Racism in Palestine
5846:Criticism of Israel
5828:Anti-Palestinianism
5654:Quartet established
5538:Lausanne Conference
5420:"Pillar of Defense"
5326:Temple Mount crisis
5261:"Days of Penitence"
5045:Zion Square bombing
4878:Reprisal operations
4866:Fedayeen insurgency
4747:military operations
4514:Amnon Lipkin-Shahak
3576:on 23 October 2023.
3420:on 18 November 2008
3354:(5 December 1997).
2487:The Times of Israel
1693:improve the article
1635:Israeli journalist
1619:from the West Bank.
1429:also still exists.
1349:Transitional period
1233:strong police force
1180:And Article XI.2.e:
890:status of Jerusalem
886:Israeli settlements
825:, in 1993; and the
439:Status of Jerusalem
406:Israeli settlements
218:IsraeliāPalestinian
207:Part of a series on
34:
6407:Treaties of Israel
6287:Quartet Principles
6221:Clinton Parameters
6111:Camp David Accords
5841:Criticism of Hamas
5794:Israeli occupation
5693:Israel controversy
5642:Clinton Parameters
5601:1994āpresent
5544:Israeli settlement
5542:1967āpresent
5470:"Shield and Arrow"
5410:Gaza flotilla raid
5320:2015ā2016 violence
5229:"Defensive Shield"
4989:Savoy Hotel attack
4972:Lillehammer affair
4864:1948āpresent
4692:Ali Hassan Salameh
4489:Benjamin Netanyahu
4351:Third-party groups
3779:The New York Times
3361:The New York Times
3329:. 3 September 1993
2590:Oslo peace process
2553:, 9 September 1993
2549:4 May 2015 at the
1969:List of agreements
1885:one-state solution
1865:, they did create
1863:two-state solution
1723:Madeleine Albright
1604:Binyamin Netenyahu
1550:
1224:
1220:under Oslo Accords
1095:Johan JĆørgen Holst
965:Camp David Accords
935:for signing them.
619:Two-state solution
596:One-state solution
462:Secondary concerns
365:Mitchell-led talks
269:1993 / 95
245:Camp David Accords
18:Oslo peace process
6379:
6378:
6249:Geneva Initiative
6217:Camp David Summit
6177:Madrid Conference
6154:Reagan peace plan
6127:
6032:UN Partition Plan
6026:London Conference
6008:London Conference
5944:Damascus Protocol
5890:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5774:Wall construction
5765:UN Resolution 242
5759:UN Resolution 194
5753:UN Resolution 181
5742:Israel and the UN
5730:
5729:
5638:Camp David Summit
5579:Madrid Conference
5554:international law
5490:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5426:"Protective Edge"
5346:
5345:
5269:
5268:
5241:"Determined Path"
5158:
5157:
5097:
5096:
5019:
5018:
4960:Sabena Flight 571
4928:
4927:
4918:Battle of Karameh
4876:1950sā1960s
4833:
4832:
4819:Jewish insurgency
4786:Battle of Tel Hai
4729:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4484:Yitzhak Mordechai
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4346:
4345:
4333:Sabireen Movement
4217:Shabak (Shin Bet)
3750:. 7 August 2023.
3598:978-0-19-532542-3
3402:on 14 April 2013.
3392:Settlement Report
3222:978-0-8223-4439-1
3074:www.aljazeera.com
2441:978-0-520-20766-0
2378:www.aljazeera.com
2312:978-1-134-05233-2
1752:Israeli academic
1714:
1713:
1654:Nobel Peace Prize
1546:Nobel Peace Prize
1452:and prior to the
1410:longer relevant.
1132:Roadmap for Peace
1121:Camp David Summit
882:Palestinian state
803:
802:
640:Geneva Initiative
473:Places of worship
434:Security concerns
383:
382:
305:Camp David Summit
255:Madrid Conference
202:
201:
16:(Redirected from
6454:
6337:Trump peace plan
6329:
6123:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5894:
5863:Racism in Israel
5814:
5716:Palestine Papers
5609:Hebron Agreement
5549:settler violence
5514:
5507:
5496:
5474:IsraelāHamas war
5442:November clashes
5416:"Returning Echo"
5361:
5282:
5257:Beit Hanoun raid
5237:Battle of Nablus
5169:
5108:
5028:
4983:Ma'alot massacre
4943:
4912:War of Attrition
4853:ArabāIsraeli War
4842:
4768:
4759:
4735:
4587:Marwan Barghouti
4419:David Ben-Gurion
4392:
4381:
4278:al-Aqsa Brigades
4232:
4190:
4179:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4141:
4119:
4098:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4044:
4035:
4034:
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4020:
4019:
4011:
4005:
3990:
3984:
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3795:
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3763:
3761:
3759:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3725:
3719:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3618:Social Scientist
3609:
3603:
3602:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3572:. Archived from
3561:
3555:
3554:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
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3404:
3403:
3384:
3378:
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3375:
3373:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3238:
3227:
3226:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3178:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3122:
3116:
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3111:
3096:
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3059:
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3055:
3035:
3029:
3016:
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2997:
2991:
2988:
2982:
2976:
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2956:
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2936:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2880:. 1 August 2019.
2870:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2845:
2844:
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2826:
2825:
2813:
2807:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
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2752:
2750:
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2728:
2717:
2703:
2697:
2682:
2676:
2664:
2658:
2643:
2628:
2610:
2601:
2585:
2576:
2560:
2554:
2539:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2479:
2473:
2472:
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2468:
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2450:
2449:
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2416:
2414:
2400:
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2393:
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2389:
2370:
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2347:
2344:
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2326:
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2273:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2198:
2178:
2136:
2105:(September 1999)
1945:, 2016 drama by
1935:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1919:Palestine portal
1916:
1915:
1914:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1444:Security control
1415:Areas A, B and C
1114:The Oslo process
1101:Terje RĆød-Larsen
959:
823:Washington, D.C.
795:
788:
781:
760:
752:
744:
736:
728:
722:
677:
669:
656:Trump Peace Plan
623:
600:
546:
510:
392:Primary concerns
241:
230:
204:
169:
168:
167:
158:
156:
155:
140:
138:
137:
117:
116:
115:
103:Washington, D.C.
101:
100:
99:
42:
35:
21:
6462:
6461:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6382:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6343:Abraham Accords
6327:
6321:
6164:
6146:1981ā1982
6042:
5996:Peel Commission
5931:
5925:peace proposals
5921:
5891:
5882:
5819:
5800:
5726:
5720:2013ā2014
5697:
5625:
5583:1993ā1995
5571:1981ā1982
5560:
5501:
5478:
5464:"Breaking Dawn"
5402:2008ā2009
5384:"Autumn Clouds"
5357:
5354:
5342:
5338:Al-Aqsa clashes
5309:Al-Aqsa clashes
5278:
5276:
5265:
5233:Battle of Jenin
5164:Second Intifada
5154:
5093:
5056:Siege of Beirut
5015:
4964:Munich massacre
4939:
4936:
4924:
4910:1967ā1970
4900:Rafah massacres
4870:1951ā1967
4829:
4823:1947ā1948
4817:1944ā1947
4811:1936ā1939
4805:Hebron massacre
4800:Palestine riots
4781:Nebi Musa riots
4753:
4721:
4667:Abu Ali Mustafa
4622:Amin al-Husayni
4592:Mohammed Dahlan
4548:
4424:Naftali Bennett
4386:
4367:
4342:
4266:
4221:
4184:
4173:
4168:
4126:
4124:Further reading
4116:
4101:
4095:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4028:
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4008:
4002:Wayback Machine
3991:
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3917:Wayback Machine
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3861:10.2307/2538392
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3707:Wayback Machine
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3570:Middle East Eye
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3506:10.2307/2538181
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3352:Serge Schmemann
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2816:Abunimah, Ali.
2815:
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2804:Wayback Machine
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2714:Wayback Machine
2704:
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2694:Wayback Machine
2686:What is Area C?
2683:
2679:
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2655:Wayback Machine
2644:
2631:
2626:
2623:Wayback Machine
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2113:(November 2005)
1971:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1896:Alternatively,
1891:Brendan O'Leary
1859:
1847:
1834:
1795:
1778:
1750:
1719:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1690:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1597:suicide attacks
1527:
1489:second Intifada
1477:
1471:
1466:Second Intifada
1458:Hebron Protocol
1446:
1438:Second Intifada
1399:
1351:
1331:first elections
1290:
1284:
1150:
1144:
1125:Second Intifada
1116:
1084:(facilitating)
1041:Yair Hirschfeld
1007:
991:
986:
961:
949:
941:
799:
770:
769:
766:
758:
750:
742:
738:Valley of Peace
734:
726:
716:
712:
698:
697:
694:
688:
684:
673:
670:
663:
660:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
616:
613:
609:Elon Peace Plan
607:
593:
589:
581:
580:
577:
561:
560:
542:
538:
537:
525:
506:
501:
493:
492:
463:
455:
454:
451:
420:
393:
385:
384:
375:Kerry-led talks
275:Hebron Protocol
238:
219:
208:
198:
165:
163:
162:
153:
151:
135:
133:
113:
111:
110:
97:
95:
61:
56:(right) at the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6460:
6458:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6442:1993 in Norway
6439:
6434:
6432:1993 in Israel
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6402:1995 in Israel
6399:
6394:
6384:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6339:
6332:
6330:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6313:
6307:
6301:
6295:
6289:
6279:
6261:
6251:
6245:
6235:
6229:
6223:
6213:
6207:
6201:
6195:
6185:
6179:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6156:
6150:
6144:
6138:
6132:
6113:
6103:
6093:
6083:
6073:
6067:
6057:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5964:
5958:
5952:
5946:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5923:Diplomacy and
5922:
5920:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5897:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5858:Media coverage
5855:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5835:
5830:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5790:
5782:
5776:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5735:United Nations
5732:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5718:
5712:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5605:
5599:
5593:
5591:Paris Protocol
5587:
5581:
5575:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5520:
5518:
5511:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5466:
5460:
5454:
5444:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5390:
5380:"Summer Rains"
5367:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5334:
5328:
5322:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5295:
5288:
5286:
5279:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5249:
5243:
5219:
5211:
5209:October events
5205:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5175:
5173:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5133:
5127:
5125:Bus 405 attack
5121:
5114:
5112:
5105:
5103:First Intifada
5099:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5085:
5072:
5070:Bus 300 affair
5066:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5047:
5041:
5039:Yom Kippur War
5034:
5032:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5007:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4975:
4956:
4949:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4908:
4902:
4888:
4886:Qibya massacre
4882:
4881:
4880:
4874:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4848:
4846:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4774:
4772:
4765:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4738:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4702:Ramadan Shalah
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4617:Nayef Hawatmeh
4614:
4612:Ismail Haniyeh
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4529:Shabtai Shavit
4526:
4521:
4519:Yitzhak Shamir
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4429:Menachem Begin
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4338:Sons of Zouari
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4293:Jenin Brigades
4290:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:978-1564322807
4114:
4099:
4094:978-1317384946
4093:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4036:
4021:
4006:
3985:
3956:
3921:
3900:
3886:
3835:
3816:(4): 422ā437.
3796:
3765:
3739:
3720:
3690:
3647:
3624:(7/8): 65ā72.
3604:
3597:
3579:
3556:
3549:
3531:
3480:
3440:
3431:
3405:
3379:
3340:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3287:
3267:
3228:
3221:
3203:
3170:
3158:
3143:
3117:
3091:
3061:
3030:
3011:
2992:
2983:
2971:
2960:פהק ××× ××××"ש
2958:××× ×§×Ø×××××Ø×,
2951:
2931:
2898:
2883:
2874:"No more Oslo"
2865:
2846:
2835:Neff, Donald.
2827:
2808:
2784:
2767:stats.oecd.org
2754:
2718:
2698:
2677:
2659:
2629:
2612:Tom Lansford,
2602:
2577:
2555:
2534:
2520:
2499:
2474:
2451:
2440:
2420:
2395:
2365:
2348:
2334:
2311:
2291:
2265:
2229:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2155:
2149:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2097:(October 1998)
2090:
2089:(January 1997)
2081:
2080:
2068:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2029:
2028:
2017:Oslo II Accord
2013:
1994:
1983:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1963:Seeds of Peace
1960:
1955:
1950:
1937:
1936:
1922:
1906:
1903:
1858:
1855:
1846:
1843:
1833:
1830:
1820:Shlomo Ben-Ami
1800:Menachem Begin
1794:
1791:
1777:
1774:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1731:East Jerusalem
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1680:
1678:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1579:Following the
1560:conducted its
1556:. In response
1544:receiving the
1526:
1523:
1519:Antony Blinken
1476:
1473:
1448:Following the
1445:
1442:
1398:
1395:
1355:Oslo II Accord
1350:
1347:
1283:
1280:
1160:(PA), but the
1143:
1140:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1006:
1003:
990:
987:
985:
982:
942:
940:
937:
919:as well as by
847:Resolution 338
843:Resolution 242
827:Oslo II Accord
801:
800:
798:
797:
790:
783:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
765:
764:
756:
748:
740:
732:
723:
713:
704:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
693:
692:
678:
671:
661:
659:
658:
644:Lieberman Plan
624:
614:
612:
611:
601:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
576:
575:
570:
568:United Kingdom
564:
562:
559:
558:
553:
547:
541:
539:
536:
535:
529:
527:European Union
523:
518:
516:United Nations
511:
505:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
450:
449:
443:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
419:
418:
413:
408:
403:
397:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
381:
380:
377:
371:
370:
367:
361:
360:
357:
351:
350:
347:
341:
340:
337:
331:
330:
327:
321:
320:
317:
311:
310:
307:
301:
300:
297:
291:
290:
287:
281:
280:
277:
271:
270:
267:
261:
260:
257:
251:
250:
247:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
223:
222:
214:
213:
200:
199:
197:
196:
191:
186:
180:
178:
174:
173:
149:
145:
144:
131:
127:
126:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6459:
6448:
6447:1990s in Oslo
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6422:1995 in Egypt
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6324:
6318:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6234:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6206:
6202:
6200:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6161:
6157:
6155:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6131:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6027:
6024:1946ā47
6023:
6021:
6017:
6015:
6011:
6009:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5906:
5904:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5815:
5811:
5795:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5781:
5778:2023āpresent
5777:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5723:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5711:
5708:2010ā11
5707:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:Diplomacy/law
5497:
5493:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5349:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5272:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5078:
5077:Achille Lauro
5073:
5071:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4931:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4836:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:Fathi Shaqaqi
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4697:Salah Shehade
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4682:Jibril Rajoub
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4662:Zuheir Mohsen
4660:
4658:
4657:Khaled Mashal
4655:
4653:
4652:Sheikh Khalil
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:George Habash
4600:
4598:
4597:Mohammed Deif
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4577:Yasser Arafat
4575:
4573:
4572:Moussa Arafat
4570:
4568:
4567:Mahmoud Abbas
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:Moshe Ya'alon
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4509:Yitzhak Rabin
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Efraim Halevy
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4382:
4378:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:Israel Police
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4165:
4160:
4158:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4087:. Routledge.
4086:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4025:
4022:
4018:, p. 216
4017:
4014:Arnon, Arie,
4010:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3810:Ethnopolitics
3807:
3800:
3797:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3766:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3648:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3550:9780691177397
3546:
3542:
3535:
3532:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3481:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3451:(Fall 2016).
3450:
3449:Karsh, Efraim
3444:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3204:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3168:, p. 34.
3167:
3162:
3159:
3156:, p. 66.
3155:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:Just Vision,
2559:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2421:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:(August 1995)
2064:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2050:Erez Crossing
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:(August 1994)
2041:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1987:Oslo I Accord
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1933:Israel portal
1923:
1920:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1845:Norway's role
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1681:This section
1679:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1656:, along with
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:Shimon Peres'
1586:
1585:labor party's
1582:
1577:
1575:
1574:Oslo I Accord
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1542:Yitzhak Rabin
1539:
1535:
1534:Yasser Arafat
1531:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1487:. During the
1486:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:Areas A and B
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:Yitzhak Rabin
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:Yasser Arafat
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1002:
1000:
999:Oslo I Accord
996:
988:
983:
981:
979:
973:
970:
966:
960:
957:
956:Yasser Arafat
953:
946:
938:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:peace process
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:Oslo I Accord
816:
812:
808:
796:
791:
789:
784:
782:
777:
776:
774:
773:
763:
757:
755:
749:
747:
741:
739:
733:
731:
725:
724:
721:
720:
715:
714:
711:
707:
702:
701:
691:
687:
686:Disengagement
683:
680:
679:
676:
672:
668:
667:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
626:
625:
622:
620:
615:
610:
606:
603:
602:
599:
597:
592:
591:
585:
584:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
563:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
545:
540:
533:
530:
528:
524:
522:
521:United States
519:
517:
513:
512:
509:
508:The "Quartet"
504:
503:
497:
496:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
459:
458:
448:
445:
444:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
401:Final borders
399:
398:
396:
395:
389:
388:
378:
376:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
346:
342:
338:
336:
332:
328:
326:
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
276:
272:
268:
266:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
246:
242:
234:
233:
229:
225:
224:
221:
220:peace process
215:
212:
206:
205:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
179:
175:
172:
161:
150:
146:
143:
132:
128:
124:
120:
108:
104:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
55:
54:Yasser Arafat
51:
47:
46:Yitzhak Rabin
41:
36:
30:
19:
6285: /
6275: /
6271: /
6267: /
6257: /
6241: /
6219: /
6191: /
6183:Oslo Accords
6182:
6128: /
6119: /
6109: /
6099: /
6089: /
6079: /
6063: /
5970: /
5785:
5690:
5585:Oslo Accords
5584:
5472: /
5452:"Black Belt"
5450: /
5440: /
5418: /
5398:"Hot Winter"
5396: /
5386: /
5382: /
5378: /
5374: /
5364:2006āpresent
5301: /
5285:2006āpresent
5259: /
5255: /
5239: /
5235: /
5231: /
5227: /
5223:
5215:
5083:"Wooden Leg"
5081: /
5076:
5003: /
4995:Entebbe raid
4981: /
4966: /
4962: /
4898: /
4894: /
4717:Ahmed Yassin
4712:Ahlam Tamimi
4647:Leila Khaled
4642:Salah Khalaf
4632:Ahmed Jibril
4627:Ghazi Jabali
4607:Wadie Haddad
4582:Yahya Ayyash
4554:Palestinians
4524:Ariel Sharon
4499:Shimon Peres
4449:Yuval Diskin
4271:Other groups
4227:Palestinians
4183:Participants
4130:
4104:
4083:
4060:. Retrieved
4049:
4033:, p. 98
4030:
4024:
4015:
4009:
3993:
3988:
3976:. Retrieved
3947:. Retrieved
3936:
3908:
3903:
3894:
3889:
3877:. Retrieved
3855:(4): 55ā60.
3852:
3848:
3838:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
3778:
3768:
3756:. Retrieved
3742:
3733:
3723:
3698:
3693:
3681:. Retrieved
3664:
3660:
3650:
3638:. Retrieved
3621:
3617:
3607:
3588:
3582:
3574:the original
3569:
3559:
3540:
3534:
3522:. Retrieved
3500:(2): 21ā34.
3497:
3493:
3483:
3471:. Retrieved
3462:
3456:
3443:
3434:
3422:. Retrieved
3418:the original
3408:
3400:the original
3395:
3391:
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3359:
3331:. Retrieved
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3258:. Retrieved
3247:The Guardian
3246:
3212:
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3185:
3166:Dunning 2016
3161:
3134:. Retrieved
3120:
3108:. Retrieved
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3073:
3064:
3052:. Retrieved
3043:
3033:
3014:
2995:
2986:
2974:
2954:
2938:ש××× ×©×¤××Ø×,
2934:
2925:
2918:. Retrieved
2901:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2860:The Guardian
2859:
2849:
2830:
2821:
2811:
2795:
2775:. Retrieved
2766:
2757:
2745:. Retrieved
2736:
2701:
2685:
2680:
2672:
2671:, Article I
2667:
2662:
2646:
2614:
2589:
2565:Oslo Process
2564:
2558:
2542:
2537:
2528:
2523:
2507:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2486:
2477:
2467:16 September
2465:. Retrieved
2454:
2445:
2430:
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2407:
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2377:
2368:
2328:
2321:. Retrieved
2301:
2294:
2276:
2242:. Retrieved
2232:
2206:. Retrieved
2164:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2061:
2053:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2001:
1977:
1972:
1940:
1895:
1889:
1879:
1860:
1848:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1810:In his book
1809:
1796:
1783:
1779:
1770:Nazi Germany
1754:Efraim Karsh
1751:
1743:
1720:
1702:
1682:
1658:Shimon Peres
1651:
1647:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1593:Yahya Ayyash
1578:
1568:on a bus in
1551:
1538:Shimon Peres
1511:
1478:
1470:
1447:
1431:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1352:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1291:
1269:
1265:Area B and C
1258:
1246:
1239:
1230:
1225:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1153:
1151:
1129:
1117:
1081:
1080:
1047:Shimon Peres
1035:Yossi Beilin
1028:
1027:
1009:
1008:
992:
974:
968:
962:
948:
944:
907:philosopher
898:
863:
855:Oslo, Norway
835:Oslo process
834:
829:, signed in
821:, signed in
807:Oslo Accords
806:
804:
717:
674:
664:
617:
594:
416:Jewish state
265:Oslo Accords
264:
50:Bill Clinton
33:Oslo Accords
29:
6233:Taba Summit
6002:White Paper
5691:Aftonbladet
5648:Taba Summit
5448:May clashes
5353:GazaāIsrael
5135:1990s
5051:Lebanon War
4970:(1973
4935:Palestinian
4906:Six-Day War
4813:Arab revolt
4794:Jaffa riots
4539:Danny Yatom
4504:Yaakov Peri
4494:Ehud Olmert
4479:Shaul Mofaz
4469:Tzipi Livni
4454:Benny Gantz
4444:Avi Dichter
4439:Moshe Dayan
4404:Moshe Arens
4385:Individuals
4358:Arab League
3949:14 February
3667:: 133ā146.
3473:11 December
3465:(4): 1ā17.
3424:13 November
3372:18 December
2492:28 November
2323:19 November
2244:11 December
2208:11 December
1947:J.T. Rogers
1881:Ian Lustick
1804:Edward Said
1089:Jan Egeland
1075:Joel Singer
1022:Ahmed Qurei
909:Edward Said
831:Taba, Egypt
817:(PLO): the
690:Realignment
544:Arab League
488:Electricity
325:Taba Summit
58:White House
6386:Categories
6369:2022
6341:2020
6335:2019
6315:2016
6309:2013
6303:2010
6297:2007
6291:2006
6281:2006
6263:2005
6253:2004
6247:2003
6237:2002
6231:2001
6225:2000
6215:2000
6209:1999
6203:1998
6197:1995
6187:1994
6181:1993
6175:1991
6158:1983
6152:1982
6140:1981
6134:1980
6115:1979
6105:1978
6095:1974
6085:1973
6075:1967
6069:1950
6059:1949
6053:1948
6036:1948
6030:1947
6020:Bevin Plan
6018:1947
6012:1946
6006:1939
6000:1939
5994:1937
5988:1922
5982:1920
5976:1919
5966:1918
5960:1917
5954:1916
5948:1915
5942:1914
5936:Background
5837:Criticism
5792:2023ā2024
5769:ICJ cases
5763:1967
5757:1948
5751:1947
5714:2011
5688:2009
5682:2007
5676:2006
5670:2005
5664:2005
5658:2003
5652:2002
5646:2001
5636:2000
5619:1999
5613:1998
5607:1997
5595:1994
5589:1994
5577:1991
5536:1949
5523:1948
5468:2023
5462:2022
5456:2021
5446:2019
5436:2018
5430:2015
5424:2014
5414:2012
5408:2010
5392:2008
5370:2006
5336:2022
5330:2021
5324:2017
5313:2010
5307:2009
5297:2008
5291:2006
5251:2004
5245:2003
5221:2002
5213:2001
5207:2000
5148:1994
5129:1990
5123:1989
5119:Tunis raid
5117:1988
5087:1987
5074:1985
5068:1984
5062:1983
5049:1982
5043:1975
5037:1973
5009:1980
4999:1978
4993:1976
4987:1975
4977:1974
4958:1972
4952:1970
4937:insurgency
4916:1968
4904:1967
4896:Khan Yunis
4892:Kafr Qasim
4890:1956
4884:1953
4851:1948
4798:1929
4792:1921
4763:Background
4474:Golda Meir
4464:Dan Halutz
4434:Meir Dagan
4414:Ehud Barak
4409:Ami Ayalon
4298:Lions' Den
4235:Principals
4062:7 February
3260:6 February
3196:27 October
3136:5 February
3110:5 February
3084:5 February
3054:5 February
2822:Al Jazeera
2777:19 October
2747:19 October
2413:18 October
2388:18 October
2185:References
1898:Uri Avnery
1705:April 2024
1685:unbalanced
1637:Amira Hass
1343:World Bank
1286:See also:
1053:Ron Pundak
939:Background
913:Versailles
874:Gaza Strip
632:Allon Plan
6169:1991ā2016
6148:Fahd Plan
6047:1948ā1983
5573:Fahd Plan
5517:1948ā1991
5277:campaigns
5253:"Rainbow"
5216:Santorini
5172:2000ā2005
5111:1987ā1991
5079:hijacking
5031:1973ā1987
4968:"Bayonet"
4946:1968ā1982
4858:massacres
4845:1948ā1970
4825:Civil War
4771:1920ā1948
4672:Abu Nidal
4637:Abu Jihad
4562:Abu Abbas
4544:Zvi Zamir
4363:Hezbollah
3879:8 October
3830:151865476
3789:8 October
3758:8 October
3715:1533-8614
3683:26 August
3640:26 August
3524:26 August
3333:24 August
3255:0261-3077
2138:From the
1871:West Bank
1827:security.
1697:talk page
1664:Reception
1525:Aftermath
1502:West Bank
1107:Mona Juul
1065:Uri Savir
933:extremist
929:Far-right
870:West Bank
628:Fahd Plan
588:Proposals
130:Mediators
6243:Road map
5818:Analysis
5660:Road Map
5510:Timeline
5404:Gaza War
5355:conflict
5224:Karine A
4742:Timeline
4396:Israelis
4283:Children
4194:Israelis
4056:Archived
3998:Archived
3972:Archived
3943:Archived
3913:Archived
3873:Archived
3783:Archived
3752:Archived
3703:Archived
3677:Archived
3634:Archived
3630:41289422
3518:Archived
3467:Archived
3366:Archived
3327:BBC News
3190:Archived
3130:Archived
3128:. WAFA.
3104:Archived
3102:. WAFA.
3078:Archived
3048:Archived
3022:Archived
3003:Archived
2963:Archived
2943:Archived
2911:Archived
2800:Archived
2771:Archived
2741:Archived
2710:Archived
2690:Archived
2651:Archived
2619:Archived
2594:Archived
2569:Archived
2547:Archived
2512:Archived
2382:Archived
2317:Archived
2281:Archived
2254:cite web
2218:cite web
2169:Archived
1905:See also
1727:Har Homa
1494:Shin Bet
1361:and the
872:and the
813:and the
706:Projects
335:Road Map
177:Language
92:Location
6328:present
6227:Isratin
5927:in the
4323:PFLP-GC
4075:Sources
3978:29 June
3869:2538392
3514:2538181
2920:27 July
2587:MEDEA,
2408:HISTORY
1869:in the
1691:Please
1683:may be
1601:Likud's
1432:At the
1318:Council
1154:interim
849:of the
682:Hafrada
605:Isratin
379:2013ā14
369:2010ā11
237:History
184:English
148:Parties
123:Oslo II
74:Context
60:in 1993
5024:
4838:
4212:Mossad
4135:online
4112:
4091:
3867:
3828:
3713:
3628:
3595:
3547:
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2438:
2309:
2002:Oslo I
1583:, the
1570:Hadera
1296:. The
1216:Area C
1195:Area C
1082:Norway
1029:Israel
888:, the
811:Israel
759:
751:
743:
735:
727:
573:France
556:Jordan
532:Russia
194:Arabic
189:Hebrew
160:Israel
157:
142:Norway
139:
107:Oslo I
84:Signed
6326:2019ā
5784:2024
5772:2004
5702:2010s
5630:2000s
5565:1990s
5184:lists
4777:1920
4257:Hamas
4252:Fatah
3865:JSTOR
3826:S2CID
3626:JSTOR
3510:JSTOR
3044:Axios
2914:(PDF)
2121:Notes
2073:Cairo
2021:Areas
1766:Hamas
1729:, in
1558:Hamas
952:Rabin
921:Hamas
551:Egypt
483:Water
5196:list
5142:list
4318:PFLP
4313:PPSF
4288:DFLP
4110:ISBN
4089:ISBN
4064:2014
3980:2017
3951:2014
3881:2023
3791:2023
3760:2023
3711:ISSN
3685:2023
3642:2023
3593:ISBN
3545:ISBN
3526:2023
3475:2016
3426:2011
3374:2007
3335:2007
3262:2024
3251:ISSN
3217:ISBN
3198:2023
3138:2023
3112:2023
3086:2023
3056:2023
2922:2014
2779:2023
2749:2023
2494:2016
2469:2012
2436:ISBN
2415:2023
2390:2023
2325:2020
2307:ISBN
2260:link
2246:2023
2224:link
2210:2023
2015:The
1996:The
1985:The
1942:Oslo
1875:Gaza
1873:and
1764:and
1540:and
1329:The
969:only
923:and
845:and
837:, a
805:The
710:NGOs
359:2007
349:2005
339:2003
329:2001
319:2000
309:2000
299:1999
289:1998
279:1997
259:1991
249:1978
209:the
119:Taba
66:Type
4328:PRC
4308:PLF
4303:PIJ
3857:doi
3818:doi
3669:doi
3502:doi
1498:IDF
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