27:
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Aside from the environmental concerns posed by
Ossabaw Island hogs, they are also recognized as a unique genetic resource by scientists and breed conservationists. They are thought to be the only U.S. breed which is descended from the Iberian-type pigs brought to North America by the Spanish. A very
162:
As the
Spanish explored the coast of the Americas in the 16th century, livestock such as pigs were often left on islands as a future food source. This was the origin of the pigs that would become the Ossabaw breed. Over the following hundreds of years, the population of these feral pigs remained
230:
in
Washington, Texas. Captive breeding populations were also previously kept by a few American universities for scientific study and conservation, but these herds were dissolved and have not contributed to the current bloodlines of Ossabaw hogs on the mainland today.
178:
The human population of the island was never high, and the pigs generally ranged freely over its entire acreage. Like feral pigs elsewhere in the world, those on
Ossabaw have had an adverse effect on native habitat and species. The pigs are highly
293:
have been shaped by the pressures of feral life in an island habitat. They are small swine, less than 20 inches (510 mm) tall and weighing less than 200 pounds (90 kg) at maturity. This size is partly due to the phenomenon of
198:, disturbing nests and eating eggs. This, plus the varied other impacts they have on the ecosystem, have convinced the Georgia DNR to recommend the eradication of feral swine via trapping, shooting and hunting by the public.
796:
considered to originate wholly or partly in Canada and the United States. Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from those
774:
324:". In conditions with constant supplies of food (such as on farms and in the laboratory) they accrue more fat than other pigs and may develop a "prediabetes" condition. Because this trait makes them useful as a
912:
625:
Sturek, Michael; Mouhamad
Alloosh; James Wenzel; James P. Byrd; Jason M. Edwards; Pamela G. Lloyd; Johnathan D. Tune; Keith L. March; Michael A. Miller; Eric A. Mokelke; I. Lehr Brisbin Jr (2007).
257:
The population on the island is currently controlled by the methods advised by the DNR, and it is unclear how much longer the population will avoid eradication entirely. Due to the presence of
317:
may be. They additionally have long snouts, upright ears, and a heavy coat of bristles compared to other pig breeds. Ossabaws are noted to be intelligent and to have a friendly temperament.
320:
As a result of life on an island where the abundance and scarcity of food is seasonally variable, Ossabaw hogs store fat in a different manner than most domestic pigs and have a "
917:
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small breeding population of
Ossabaw hogs are kept off the island by farmers who market them as a form of heritage pork, and there are also herds at several zoos and farms, at
760:
927:
298:, and individuals kept in off-island farms may grow slightly larger in successive generations. They are also hardy and very good foragers, making them useful in
171:
off the
Georgia coast, and there was very little introduction of other domestic breeds. Since 1978 the island has been owned by the State and managed by the
265:
on the island, no more live pigs may be removed from the island. The mainland U.S. population kept by farmers is preserved because of interest from the
336:
have been conducted on the
Ossabaw hog. Ossabaw hogs also have adapted to the high salt diets and minimal availability of fresh water on the island.
309:
Ossabaw hogs appear in a wide range of colors, with the most common being black and a spotted variety. Ossabaw piglets do not show the striping that
32:
172:
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151:
154:. A breeding population has been established on American farms off the island, but they remain a critically endangered variety of pig.
783:
183:, and will consume everything from roots and tubers to small reptiles and mammals. Ossabaw hogs have even been observed feeding on
665:
Zervanos, Stan M.; William D. McCort; H. B. Graves (Jan 1983). "Salt and Water
Balance of Feral versus Domestic Hampshire Hogs".
626:
601:
370:
250:, and others. The breed is listed as "critical" on the priority list of the ALBC, and is also included in Slow Food's
227:
937:
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150:, United States. The original Ossabaw hogs are descended from swine released on the island in the 16th century by
333:
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Ossabaw Island hogs have been documented as having a negative impact on endangered species such as the
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26:
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346:
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184:
752:
503:
Renewing
America's Food Traditions: Saving and Savoring the Continent's Most Endangered Foods
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401:
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223:
841:
211:
168:
554:
Wild Pigs in the United States: Their History, Comparative Morphology, and Current Status
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325:
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61:
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The meat of Ossabaws is dark, with a unique texture, and is prized for resembling the
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Both the island and mainland populations continue to be considered vulnerable by the
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135:
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Swine in the Laboratory: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and Experimental Techniques
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Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Division (September 29, 2000).
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627:"Chapter 18: Ossabaw Island Miniature Swine: Cardiometabolic Syndrome Assessment"
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do, and because of their isolation on the island they are not hybridized, as the
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The encyclopedia of historic and endangered livestock and poultry breeds
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Storey's Illustrated Breed Guide to Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Pigs
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756:
527:"National Colonial Farm: Heritage Breed Livestock Conservation"
103:
913:
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
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The breed characteristics of Ossabaw Island hogs in both
254:, a catalog of heritage foods in danger of extinction.
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A young Ossabaw Island Hog at the Accokeek Foundation
353:, heritage product especially well-suited to use in
73:
68:
57:
47:
39:
710:"On the Trail of Fine Ham: First, Plant an Acorn"
556:. University of Georgia Press. pp. 212–213.
505:. Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 172–173.
768:
8:
552:Mayer, John J.; Jr. I. Lehr Brisbin (2008).
479:Ossabaw Island Comprehensive Management Plan
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918:Pig breeds originating in the United States
784:Pig breeds of Canada and the United States
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761:
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596:
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18:
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393:
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281:An Ossabaw Island hog with a spotted coat
212:National Colonial Farm at Piscataway Park
163:isolated on Ossabaw, which is one of the
587:. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy.
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435:
433:
431:
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928:Natural history of Georgia (U.S. state)
731:"Heritage pork: A swanky swine to dine"
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173:Georgia Department of Natural Resources
729:Moskowitz, Dara (25–26 January 2007).
575:
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531:Accokeek Foundation at Piscataway Park
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494:
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633:(2nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida:
244:American Livestock Breeds Conservancy
7:
708:Kaminsky, Peter (October 6, 2004).
408:. Yale University Press. pp.
14:
629:. In Swindle, M. Michael (ed.).
33:National Zoo in Washington D.C.
679:10.1086/physzool.56.1.30159967
400:Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2002).
378:- an extinct pig from Shetland
228:Barrington Living History Farm
1:
138:derived from a population of
89:Under 200 pounds (90 kg)
82:Under 200 pounds (90 kg)
349:. It is considered to be an
222:Interactive History Park in
371:List of domestic pig breeds
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501:Nabhan, Gary Paul (2008).
802:
790:
357:, cured meats, and whole
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24:
328:, scientific studies on
442:Ekarius, Carol (2008).
267:sustainable agriculture
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31:An Ossabaw hog at the
667:Physiological Zoology
304:intensive pig farming
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237:
208:Colonial Williamsburg
192:loggerhead sea turtle
175:(DNR) as a preserve.
882:Spotted Poland China
637:. pp. 397–403.
602:"Ossabaw Island Hog"
581:"Ossabaw Island Hog"
450:. pp. 199–200.
259:vesicular stomatitis
40:Conservation status
21:
862:Ossabaw Island Hog
817:American Yorkshire
807:American Berkshire
715:The New York Times
330:metabolic syndrome
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240:
216:Accokeek, Maryland
124:Ossabaw Island Hog
20:Ossabaw Island Hog
938:Diabetes research
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894:
887:Yucatan Miniature
812:American Landrace
644:978-0-8493-9278-8
563:978-0-8203-3137-9
512:978-1-933392-89-9
457:978-1-60342-036-5
448:Storey Publishing
419:978-0-300-08880-9
347:black Iberian pig
300:extensive farming
185:white-tailed deer
152:Spanish explorers
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58:Country of origin
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224:Fishers, Indiana
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302:(as opposed to
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273:Characteristics
169:barrier islands
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792:These are the
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326:model organism
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144:Ossabaw Island
128:Ossabaw Island
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111:Sus domesticus
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52:Ossabaw Island
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16:Breed of swine
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933:Animal models
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872:Poland China
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847:Hereford Hog
740:. Retrieved
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724:
713:
703:
673:(1): 67–77.
670:
666:
660:
648:. Retrieved
630:
620:
607:Ark of Taste
605:
585:albc-usa.org
584:
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535:. Retrieved
530:
521:
502:
478:
443:
403:
340:
338:
322:thrifty gene
319:
308:
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263:pseudorabies
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252:Ark of Taste
241:
204:Mount Vernon
200:
196:snowy plover
189:
177:
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127:
123:
121:
109:
51:
827:Choctaw Hog
165:Sea Islands
48:Other names
923:Feral pigs
908:Pig breeds
902:Categories
867:Pineywoods
837:Guinea Hog
797:countries.
794:pig breeds
742:5 December
650:5 December
383:References
359:pig roasts
311:wild boars
269:movement.
187:entrails.
181:omnivorous
140:feral pigs
842:Hampshire
736:USA Today
635:CRC Press
351:artisanal
315:razorback
287:phenotype
857:Mulefoot
695:82094042
687:30159967
365:See also
291:genotype
246:(ALBC),
87:Female:
43:Critical
852:Lacombe
537:9 April
345:of the
158:History
148:Georgia
693:
685:
641:
560:
533:. 2016
509:
454:
416:
412:–192.
226:, and
80:Male:
74:Weight
69:Traits
832:Duroc
691:S2CID
683:JSTOR
483:(PDF)
376:Grice
132:breed
130:is a
744:2009
652:2009
639:ISBN
558:ISBN
539:2020
507:ISBN
452:ISBN
414:ISBN
355:pork
332:and
289:and
261:and
194:and
122:The
675:doi
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214:in
142:on
136:pig
134:of
126:or
104:Pig
64:USA
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
