Abdul Qadeer Khan - Knowledge (XXG)

2047:, while he co-authored articles on chemical reactions of the highly unstable isotope particles in the controlled physical system. He maintained his stance of the use of controversial technological solutions to both military and civilian problems, including the use of military technologies for civilian welfare. Khan also remained a vigorous advocate for a nuclear testing program and defence strength through nuclear weapons. He justified Pakistan's nuclear deterrence program as sparing his country the fate of Iraq or Libya. In an interview in 2011, Khan maintained his stance on 1349: 2032: 1027:, a Dutch engineer and businessman who had studied metallurgy with Khan at the Delft University of Technology, continued providing goods needed for enriching uranium to Khan in Pakistan through his company Slebos Research. Slebos was sentenced in 1985 to one year in prison but the sentence was reduced on appeal in 1986 to six months of probation and a fine of 20,000 guilders. Though Slebos continued to export goods to Pakistan and was again sentenced to one year in prison and a fine of around 1196:. Because of his interest in uranium metallurgy and his frustration at having been passed over for director of the uranium division (the job was instead given to Bashiruddin Mahmood), Khan refused to engage in further calculations and caused tensions with other researchers. Khan became highly unsatisfied and bored with the research led by Mahmood – finally, he submitted a critical report to Bhutto, in which he explained that the "enrichment program" was nowhere near success. 1166: 227: 217: 6447: 1290: 71: 1542:. Reacting to the suspicions of espionage, Khan stressed that: "I had requested for it as we had no library of our own at KRL, at that time. All the research work was the result of our innovation and struggle. We did not receive any technical 'know-how' from abroad, but we cannot reject the use of books, magazines, and research papers in this connection." 490: 2097:, although his actions were certainly ideological or political in nature, Khan's motives remain essentially financial. This is evidenced, according to him, by his commercial maneuvers, his presence in North Korean trade as well as his real estate ownerships. For instance, Khan owned the Hendrina Khan Hotel in 1820:(PTV) and confessed to running a proliferation ring, and transferring technology to Iran between 1989 and 1991, and to North Korea and Libya between 1991 and 1997. The Musharraf administration avoided arresting Khan but launched security hearings on Khan who confessed to the military investigators that former 1134:(HEU), against weapon-grade plutonium, and explained to Bhutto why he thought the idea of "plutonium" would not work. Later, Khan was advised by several officials in the Bhutto administration to remain in the Netherlands to learn more about centrifuge technology but continue to provide consultation on the 1138:

enrichment program led by Mahmood. By December 1975, Khan was given a transfer to a less sensitive section when URENCO became suspicious of his indiscreet open sessions with Mahmood to instruct him on centrifuge technology. Khan began to fear for his safety in the Netherlands, ultimately insisting on

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states: "Khan's motivations were complex and evolving (...) The primary motivation seems to have been to ensure the legitimacy of his role in building Pakistan's nuclear force (...) The second motivation, which has become more important over time, is personal enrichment. Finally, the third important

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by much of the scientific community, but Khan was still quite welcome in his country's political and military circles. After leaving the directorship of the Khan Research Laboratories in 2001, Khan briefly joined the Musharraf administration as a policy adviser on science and technology on a request

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In the 1970s, Khan had been very vocal about establishing a network to acquire imported electronic materials from the Dutch firms and had very little trust of PAEC's domestic manufacturing of materials, despite the government accepting PAEC's arguments for the long term sustainability of the nuclear

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to ~30,000 rpm and was immediately dispatched to ERL which was suffering from many setbacks in setting up its own program under Khan's direction based on centrifuge technology dependent on URENCO's methods. Khan eventually committed to work on problems involving the differential equations concerning

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The innovation and improved designs of centrifuges were marked as classified for export restriction by the Pakistan government, though Khan was still in possession of earlier designs of centrifuges from when he worked for URENCO in the 1970s. In 1990, the United States alleged that highly sensitive

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at Almelo where Khan had stolen designs of the centrifuges from URENCO for the nuclear weapons programme of Pakistan. Veerman became aware of the espionage when Khan had taken classified URENCO documents home to be copied and translated by his Dutch-speaking wife and had asked Veerman to photograph

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akistan's motivation for nuclear weapons arose from a need to prevent "nuclear blackmail" by India. Had Iraq and Libya been nuclear powers, they wouldn't have been destroyed in the way we have seen recently. ... If (Pakistan) had an capability before 1971, we would not have lost half of our

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military exercise in 1987, Khan gave another interview to local press and stated: "the Americans had been well aware of the success of the atomic quest of Pakistan", allegedly confirming the speculation of technology export. At both instances, the Zia administration sharply denied Khan's statement

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Though he had helped to come up with the centrifuge designs, and had been a long-time proponent of the concept, Khan was not chosen to head the development project to test his nation's first nuclear-weapons (his reputation of a thorny personality likely played a role in this) after India conducted

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The spread of Nuclear weapons among nations: Militarization or Development, pp. 417–430. (Ref. Nuclear War Nuclear Proliferation and their consequences "Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium organised by the Group De Bellerive Geneva 27–29 June 1985", Edited by: Sadruddin Aga Khan,

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Scientists have said that Khan would have never got any closer to success without the assistance of Alam and others. The issue is controversial; Khan maintained to his biographer that when it came to defending the "centrifuge approach" and really putting work into it, both Shah and Alam refused.

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lightweight" given to exaggerating his scientific achievements in centrifuges. At one point, Munir Khan said that, "most of the scientists who work on the development of atomic bomb projects were extremely 'serious'. They were sobered by the weight of what they don't know; Abdul Qadeer Khan is a

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He wrote in Jang that his ancestors came down from Tirah in Khyber Agency and settled in Bhopal in central India. His mother was from Tirah while his father was an Uzbek who came to India with Sultan Shahabuddin Ghauri and defeated the Hindu Rajput ruler, Prithvi Raj. Dr Khan cleverly named his

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to compete, but still failed to impress his fellow theorists at PAEC, generally in the physics community. In later years, Khan became a staunch critic of Munir Khan's research in physics, and on many occasions tried unsuccessfully to belittle Munir Khan's role in the atomic bomb projects. Their

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In spite of the proliferation controversy and his volatile personality, Khan remained a popular public figure and has been as a symbol of national pride with many in Pakistan who see him as a national hero. While Khan has been bestowed with many medals and honours by the federal government and

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issued a pardon to Khan as he feared that the issue would be politicised by his political rivals. Despite the pardon, Khan, who had strong conservative support, had badly damaged the political credibility of the Musharraf administration and the image of the United States who was attempting to

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In 1982, an unnamed Arab country reached out to Khan for the sale of centrifuge technology. Khan was very receptive to the financial offer, but one scientist alerted the Zia administration which investigated the matter, only for Khan to vehemently deny such an offer was made to him. The Zia

1368:' device that only had to work with high-enriched uranium – a design concept of gun-type device he eventually submitted to Ministry of Energy (MoE) and Ministry of Defense (MoD). Khan downplayed the importance of plutonium despite many of the theorists maintaining that "plutonium and the 1317:

Many of his theorists were unsure that military-grade uranium would be feasible on time without the centrifuges, since Alam had notified PAEC that the "blueprints were incomplete" and "lacked the scientific information needed even for the basic gas-centrifuges." Calculations by

1863:, stated that Khan could not have acted alone "without the awareness of the Pakistan Government". Blix's statement was also reciprocated by the United States government, with one anonymous American government intelligence official quoted by independent journalist and author 6938: 5005: 1010:. This was also highlighted when despite Archie Pervez (Khan's associate for nuclear procurement in the US) being convicted in 1988, no action was taken against Khan or his proliferation network by the US government which needed the support of Pakistan during the 1199:

Upon reviewing the report, Bhutto sensed a great danger as the scientists were split between military-grade uranium and plutonium and informed Khan to take over the enrichment division from Mahmood, who separated the program from PAEC by founding the

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the rotation around fixed axis to perfectly balance the machine under influence of gravity and the design of first generation of centrifuges became functional after Khan and Alam succeeded in separating the U and U isotopes from raw natural uranium.

1902:" for proliferation deals. In 2012, Khan also implicated Benazir Bhutto's administration in proliferation matters, pointing to the fact as she had issued "clear directions in thi regard." Khan also said that he was persecuted because he was a 1961:– he served as its president in 1996–97. Khan published two books on material science and started publishing his articles from KRL in the 1980s. Gopal S. Upadhyaya, an Indian metallurgist who attended Khan's conference and met him along with 1049:, a Hungarian-South African businessman was sentenced to three years in prison in the US for the sale of restricted nuclear equipment to Pakistan through Humayun Khan (an associate of A. Q. Khan) and his Pakland PME Corporation. 3329: 2360: 2112:

in Libya and the cargo was then taken to Timbuktu by road as it was unable to land in Mali. Khan himself accompanied the furniture from Islamabad. His wife, two daughters and brother Abdul Quyuim Khan were all named in the

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turned over the names of their suppliers, which identified Khan as one of them. Heinz Mebus, a German engineer and businessman and college friend of Khan, was named as one of the suppliers - acting as a middleman for Khan.

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in 1983. In spite of his role, Khan was never in charge of the actual designs of the nuclear devices, their calculations, and eventual weapons testing which remained under the directorship of Munir Ahmad Khan and the PAEC.

1538:, and successfully argued that the technical information requested by Khan was commonly found and taught in undergraduate and doctoral physics at the university – the court exonerated Khan by overturning his sentence on a 1322:, and confirmed by Alam, showed that Khan's earlier estimation of the quantity of uranium needing enrichment for the production of weapon-grade uranium was possible, even with the small number of centrifuges deployed. 1558:

and a furious President Zia met with Khan and used a "tough tone", promising Khan severe repercussions had he not retracted all of his statements, which Khan immediately did by contacting several news correspondents.

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politicians as well as IAEA officials had made several strong calls to have Khan interrogated by IAEA investigators, given the lingering scepticism about the disclosures made by Pakistan, but Prime Minister

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Many of Khan's colleagues were irritated that he seemed to enjoy taking full credit for something he had only a small part in, and in response, he authored an article, "Torch-Bearers", which appeared in

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Bill Powell and Tim McGirk, "The Man Who Sold the Bomb; How Pakistan's A.Q. Khan outwitted Western intelligence to build a global nuclear-smuggling ring that made the world a more dangerous place",

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who contested his scientific understanding in quantum physics. In addition, Khan's false claims that he was the "father" of the atomic bomb project since its inception and his personal attacks on

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of the United States (U.S.), nearly lost its patience with Khan when he reportedly attempted to meet with a local journalist to announce the existence of the enrichment program. During the Indian

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Abdul Qadeer Khan (HI, NI & Bar) remains the only Pakistani who got the Nishan-i-Imtiaz, the highest civil award twice. He also got the Hilal-i-Imtiaz, along with Munir Ahmad Khan, in 1989. A

1329:. However, they were riddled with serious technical errors, and while he bought some components for analysis, they were broken pieces, making them useless for quick assembly of a centrifuge. Its 982:

some of them. In 1975, Khan was transferred to a less sensitive section when URENCO became suspicious and he subsequently returned to Pakistan with his wife and two daughters. Khan was sentenced

5532:"Bombs, Missiles and Pakistani Science: The Chaghi tests, and more recent Ghauri-II and Shaheen-I missile launches, have been deemed heroic symbols of high scientific achievement... Are they?" 1973:; where he remained on the board of directors of the university up until his death in 2021. Later, Khan helped established the A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering at 1632:

Between 1987 and 1989, Khan secretly leaked knowledge of centrifuges to Iran without notifying the Pakistan Government, although this issue is a subject of political controversy. In 2003, the

1965:, reportedly described him as being a proud Pakistani who wanted to show the world that scientists from Pakistan are inferior to no one in the world. Khan also served as project director of 5044: 3537: 1848:

had pointed out to the Bush administration that the successor to Musharraf could be less friendly towards the United States. This restrained the Bush administration from applying further

1504:, an engineering officer, to keep surveillance on Khan, which he did until 1983 when he retired from his military service, and Khan's activities went undetected for several years after. 6674: 4553: 7003: 6983: 6798: 5147: 3021: 6988: 6818: 551:

from India who migrated to Pakistan in 1952, Khan was educated in the metallurgical engineering departments of Western European technical universities where he pioneered studies in

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of the United States. Khan admitted his role in running a nuclear proliferation network – only to retract his statements in later years when he leveled accusations at the

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Ernst Piffl, was convicted and sentenced to three and a half years in prison by Germany in 1998 for supplying nuclear centrifuge parts through his company Team GmbH to Khan's

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and had spent her childhood in Africa before returning with her parents to the Netherlands where she lived as a registered foreigner. In 1963, he married Henny in a modest

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Khan was accused of selling nuclear secrets illegally and was put under house arrest in 2004. After years of house arrest, Khan successfully filed a lawsuit against the

6928: 4711: 3690: 2197: 708:, and his mother, Zulekha, was a housewife with a very religious mindset. His older siblings, along with other family members, had emigrated to Pakistan during the 5204: 4787: 6853: 6248: 3239: 1779: 1762:

was convicted and sentenced to five years and six months in prison for procuring centrifuges for Libya from Khan, Lerch also acted as Khan's middleman for Iran.

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research, but continue to push for his ideas for feasibility of weapon-grade uranium even though it had a low priority, with most efforts still aimed to produce

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from President Musharraf. In this capacity, Khan promoted increased defence spending on his nation's missile program to counter the perceived threats from the

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network that implicated Khan's role to the Musharraf administration. Khan was dismissed from his post on 31 January 2004. On 4 February 2004, Khan appeared on

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Kan, Shirley A. (2009). "§A.Q. Khan's nuclear network". China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy issues. Washington, DC:

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has its significance", and he insisted on the uranium route to the Bhutto administration when France's offer for an extraction plant was in the offing.

1112: 5925: 6893: 6863: 6843: 6838: 5125: 1844:. While the local television news media aired sympathetic documentaries on Khan, the opposition parties in the country protested so strongly that the 999: 6011: 5531: 617:

whose verdict declared his debriefing unconstitutional and freed him on 6 February 2009. The United States reacted negatively to the verdict and the

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in 18% of maraging steel, Seven National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics, written with Anwar-ul-Haq, Mohammad Farooq, S. Qaisar, published at the

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element of varying importance depending on the hypothesis: Khan's more or less diffuse desire to see other Muslim countries access nuclear power."

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while stating that it was KRL's highly enriched uranium (HEU) that was used in the detonation of Pakistan's first nuclear devices on 28 May 1998.

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it was the calculations and validation that came from his team of fellow theorists, including mathematician Tasneem Shah and Alam, who solved the

6413: 3265:(PhD). thesis prepared under the supervision of Professor Martin J. Brabers. Leuven, Belgium: Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Leuven. 1103:

had his military secretary run a security check on Khan, who was unknown at that time, for verification and asked PAEC to dispatch a team under

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on state television while commenting in the last part of his speech, Aziz stressed: "The services of scientist ... Dr. Qadeer Khan are "

1856: 1081: 152: 6036: 4354: 2523: 1751:, was one of the heads of Libya's nuclear programme and worked in nuclear enrichment for Libya and Pakistan. In 2008, German nuclear engineer 1698:

were supplying nuclear parts to Libya through Khan's Dubai-based Sri Lankan associate Buhary Syed Abu Tahir. This was further revealed in the

6968: 6943: 6888: 6823: 6808: 6428: 6167: 6100: 6081: 5806: 4628: 4587: 4390: 3531: 2344: 1728: 1648:, Iran, utilising gas centrifuges based on the designs and methods used by URENCO. The IAEA inspectors quickly identified the centrifuges as 5151: 5094:

The services of Nuclear Scientist Dr. Qadeer Khan are unforgettable for the country; we will not hand him over to any other country ...

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During his work on the nuclear weapons program and onwards, Khan faced heated and intense criticism from his fellow theorists, most notably

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On multiple occasions, Khan levelled accusations against Benazir Bhutto's administration of providing secret enrichment information, on a

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for special suspension bearings mounted at the top of rotating centrifuge cylinders. In 2005, it was revealed that President Zia-ul-Haq's

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concerning rotation around a fixed axis under the influence of gravity, which led Khan to come up with the innovative centrifuge designs.

4117: 1441:) when he attended a conference there – the Pakistani Government sent it back to the People's Republic of China, asking KRL to use the UF 6973: 5595: 4504: 2631: 1996:. Khan died on 10 October 2021, at the age of 85, after being transferred to a hospital in Islamabad with lung problems. He was given a 1653: 1127:

where he explained the significance of highly enriched uranium, with the meeting ending with Bhutto's remark: "He seems to make sense."

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Khan attending literary conference with members of a civic society in 2017. Despite controversy, Khan remained a popular public figure.

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had suddenly decided to spread nuclear technology around the world. Could he really do that without the American government knowing?".

6913: 6627: 5843: 4530: 3431: 3052: 1641: 1216: 940: 4960: 4750:"Prolifération nucléaire par et au profit des acteurs non étatiques - Chaire Raoul-Dandurand en études stratégiques et diplomatiques" 3098: 908:. Soon after, Khan left FDO when URENCO offered him a senior technical position, initially conducting studies on uranium metallurgy. 6803: 6258: 6006: 5894: 5787: 4937: 4198: 3803: 3288: 2995: 2779: 2728: 2125: 1205: 1201: 995: 496: 5719: 3881: 2080:

caused even greater animosity from his fellow theorists, and most particularly, within the general physics community, such as the

6878: 6495: 6421: 5434: 4762: 2101:, named after his wife. It was one of dozens of his commercial enterprises. To build his hotel in Timbuktu, he reportedly used a 2087:

Various motivations have been cited for Khan's role in the proliferation of nuclear weapons. According to the editor-in-chief of

1841: 905: 805:, he met Hendrina "Henny" Reternik – a British passport holder who had been born in South Africa to Dutch expatriates. She spoke 763: 5174: 5073: 4167: 1169:

Diagram of the principles of a Zippe-type gas centrifuge with U-238 represented in dark blue and U-235 represented in light blue

1076:', in May 1974, Khan wanted to contribute to efforts to build an atomic bomb and met with officials at the Pakistani Embassy in 6933: 6833: 5297: 5248: 1817: 1785: 1670:

officials. Iraqi officials said "the documents were authentic but that they had not agreed to work with A. Q. Khan, fearing an

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scientific rivalry became public and widely popular in the physics community and seminars held in the country over the years.

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at Pakistan's embassy in The Hague. Khan and Henny together had two daughters, Dina Khan - who is a doctor, and Ayesha Khan.

791: 610: 542: 148: 144: 5365: 1898:". In 2008, in an interview, Khan laid the whole blame on former President Pervez Musharraf, and labelled Musharraf as the " 1337:

at the cost of millions of taxpayers money, Alam maintained. Though Khan's knowledge of copper metallurgy greatly aided the

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but he was not prosecuted due to lack of evidence, though it did file a criminal complaint against him in a local court in

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for the hydrogen bomb, but the military strategists had objected to the idea as it went against the government's policy of

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Unbeknownst to Khan, his nation's scientists were already working towards feasibility of the atomic bomb under a secretive

6978: 6963: 6873: 6828: 6554: 6469: 6253: 6002: 5901: 4757: 2290:, Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics, written with A. Tauqeer, Fakhar Hashmi, publisher 2109: 1981: 1430: 705: 595: 381: 5962: 2871:"Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan faces discrimination because he is a Mohajir & not considered Son of Soil - video Dailymotion" 1766:, a German businessman, arranged the shipment of gas centrifuge parts from Khan in Pakistan to Libya and Iran via Dubai. 971:

of the uranium metal, eventually dedicated his investigations to improving the efficiency of the centrifuges by 1973–74.

888:, from Brabers's recommendation. The FDO was a subcontractor for Ultra-Centrifuge Nederland of the, British-German-Dutch 7008: 6903: 6757: 5997: 5208: 3854:

Edward Nasim (23 July 2009). "Interview with Sultan Bashir Mahmood". Scientists of Pakistan. Season 1. 0:30 minutes in.

2799: 2323: 2040: 1958: 1883:, who remained supportive of Khan and spoke highly of him, strongly dismissed the calls by terming it as "case closed". 1855:

on Musharraf due to a strategic calculation that it might cause the loss of Musharraf as an ally. In December 2006, the

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and directed Bhutto's letter to meet him in Islamabad. Upon arriving in December 1974, Khan took a taxi straight to the

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The next day, Khan met with Munir Ahmad and other senior scientists where he focused the discussion on production of

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launched its investigation of Khan, focusing on his personal role, when Libya handed over a list of its suppliers.

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to four years in prison in 1983 by the Netherlands for espionage but the conviction was later overturned due to a

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Burr, William. "The 'Labors of Atlas, Sisyphus, or Hercules'? US Gas-Centrifuge Policy and Diplomacy, 1954–60."

5497: 6908: 6678: 6024: 5335: 4812: 4707:"Documents Indicate A.Q. Khan Offered Nuclear Weapon Designs to Iraq in 1990: Did He Approach Other Countries?" 2375: 2291: 2269: 2182: 2081: 2044: 1940: 1837: 1809: 1361: 1063: 829: 362: 6731: 6385: 4862: 2133:

universities in Pakistan, Khan also remains the only citizen of Pakistan to have been honoured twice with the

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The centrifuges removed from Libya by the United States as seen in the image were developed by Khan, known as

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In the military circles, Khan's scientific ability was well recognised and was often known with his moniker "

1208:, with Khan being its chief scientist, and the army engineers located the national site at isolated lands in 6813: 6721: 6380: 5933: 1637: 1365: 1310: 1131: 31: 5642: 5113: 4470: 3661:"Project Butter Factory: Henk Slebos and the A.Q. Khan nuclear network – september 2007 – Stop Wapenhandel" 1530:

in 1985 to four years in prison. Upon learning of the sentence, Khan filed an appeal through his attorney,

1407: 6648: 5535: 4807: 2048: 1930: 1570: 1402: 1393: 1342: 1334: 1306: 1284: 964: 5986: 5418: 5416: 3927: 1707: 1011: 404: 6716: 6668: 6355: 6335: 4726: 4444:, 1 (in English and Urdu), vol. 1, Islamabad, Pakistan: Ali Masud books publication, pp. 34–39 4089: 3647: 3588: 2398: 2283: 2227: 2177: 2031: 1813: 1789: 1718: 1550: 1423: 1414:. Khan often got engrossed in projects which were theoretically interesting but practically unfeasible. 936: 849: 790:, where he academically excelled in courses in metallurgy, but left West Berlin when he switched to the 744: 740: 591: 140: 4000:

Nuclear Weapon Archives, Reuters and Los Angeles Times news reports were used in preparing this article

1002:(BVD) was aware of Khan's espionage activities but he was allowed to continue due to pressure from the 4214: 3832:. Islamabad, Pakistan: Usman Shabbir, special report on Pakistan's atomic bomb program. Archived from 3819: 3817: 3815: 1629:(CD), to North Korea; these accusations were denied by Benazir Bhutto's staff and military personnel. 6793: 6788: 6390: 6289: 6153: 6030: 5865: 4147: 2114: 1554: 1434: 1330: 1257: 1220: 1160: 956: 821: 817: 728: 618: 614: 6042: 3747: 1992:

In August 2021, Khan was admitted to Khan Research Laboratories Hospital after testing positive for

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British Reporter Adrian Levy: The United States Secretly Helped Pakistan Build Its Nuclear Arsenal

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Organizational Cultures and the Management of Nuclear Technology: Political and Military Sociology

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Khan, Feroz Hassan (7 November 2012). "The clash of the Khans:Centrifuge Khan vs. Reactor Khan".

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Rahman, Shahid (1998). "Dr. A. Q. Khan: Nothing Succeed like Success". In Rahman, Shahid (ed.).

4300:(CRS): Congressional Research Service (CRS). pp. 5–6. ISBN Congressional Research Service (CRS). 3833: 3351: 2395:, 2007 documentary series about the nuclear race and proliferation including Khan's role therein 2108:

transport aircraft in the early 2000s to transport carved wooden furniture. The plane landed at

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At the height of the proliferation controversy in 2007, Khan was paid tribute by Prime Minister

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in 1947, who would often write to Khan's parents about the new life they had found in Pakistan.

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David Rohde; David Sanger (2 February 2004). "Key Pakistani is Said to Admit Atom Transfers".

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reported that Khan had sent Iraq centrifuge designs, which were apparently confiscated by the

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issued an official statement warning that Khan still remained a "serious proliferation risk".

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and advised the Musharraf administration on space policy. He presented the idea of using the

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in 1990, and also directed allegations at President Musharraf over the controversy in 2008.

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Fitzpatrick, Mark (2007). "Dr. A. Q. Khan and the rise and fall of proliferation network".

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Khan was also very critical of PAEC's concentrated efforts towards developing a plutonium '

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Cooney, Thomas E.; Denny, David Anthony, eds. (2005). "A.Q. Khan and the nuclear market".

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Khan, Abdul Qadeer (2010). "Sehar Honay Tak: Dr. A.Q. Khan gave us the sense of security,

5039: 4983: 4887: 4731: 4496: 3743: 3716: 3472: 3094: 2391: 2250: 2146: 2134: 2073: 1921: 1825: 1703: 1682: 1319: 1227:, even though Alam had not seen a centrifuge, and only had a rudimentary knowledge of the 1124: 912: 845: 767: 680: 568: 526: 418: 220: 46: 4929: 1598:

information was being exported to North Korea in exchange for rocket engines. Pakistan's

2825: 1563:

at no stage was the program of producing 90% weapons-grade enriched uranium ever stopped

6664: 5877: 5704: 5600: 5391:"Nuclear scientist Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan given state funeral, laid to rest in Islamabad" 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 3995: 2332: 2310: 2275: 2254: 2155: 2089: 2023:

also expressed sadness adding that "a grateful nation will never forget his services".

2019:

adding that "for the people of Pakistan he was a national icon". President of Pakistan

2005: 1671: 1633: 1611: 1599: 1566: 1501: 1462: 1186: 1178: 1073: 901: 873: 806: 661: 633: 603: 599: 576: 572: 422: 230: 226: 216: 49: 5883: 5423: 3711: 2051:

and vigorously defended the nuclear weapons program as part of the deterrence policy:

735:

during his youth had left an indelible impression on his world view. Upon settling in

6782: 6210: 6190: 6070: 4834: 4458: 4159: 3182: 2544: 2001: 1997: 1868: 1864: 1808:

and had become a public figure who enjoyed much support from his country's political

1763: 1757: 1498: 1388:, allowed Khan to be a participant and eye-witness his nation's first nuclear test, ' 1298: 1190: 974: 932: 716: 669: 629: 625: 512: 6939:

Academic staff of Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

5993: 5256: 1984:('Movement for the Protection of Pakistan'). It was subsequently dissolved in 2013. 6736: 6370: 6340: 6205: 6120: 5757: 5689: 4034: 4029: 3877: 3583: 3493: 3156: 3121:"Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, Founder and Ex-Chairman Dr. A Q Khan Research Laboratories" 2956: 2795: 2478: 1962: 1947: 1880: 1626: 1590: 1411: 1333:(SWU) rate was extremely low, so that it would have to be rotated for thousands of 1326: 1251:

The PAEC's senior scientists who worked with him and under him remember him as "an

991: 893: 775: 657: 530: 350: 270: 98: 5818:

China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy issues

4244: 3497: 3283:, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory: Printwise Publications, pp. 47–60, 2595: 1980:

In 2012, Khan announced the formation of a conservative political advocacy group,

5357: 4490: 4488: 4323: 3612:"The Pervez Case and Reagan Administration Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy, 1987" 1561:

In 1996, Khan again appeared on his country's news channels and maintained that "

283: 6711: 6544: 6365: 6330: 6176: 4623:. London, United Kingdom: International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). 4122:

Special editorial work prepared and published by Rai Muhammad Saleh Azam in 1998

3463: 2855: 2404: 1891: 1691: 1603: 1531: 1289: 1243:" and the national laboratory was renamed after him upon the visit of President 1135: 1067: 1046: 928: 924: 916: 795: 787: 771: 575:" nuclear test in 1974, Khan joined his nation's clandestine efforts to develop 102: 70: 6072:

Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the secret trade in nuclear weapons

5905: 5328:"Dr Abdul Qadeer disappointed with PM Imran for not inquiring after his health" 4425:. Copyright 2006–2012 The International Institute For Strategic Studies (IISS). 3611: 1022: 6600: 4839: 3560:"Atoomspionage voor Pakistan. Parlementaire enquête lijkt echt op zijn plaats" 3502: 3279:

Rehman, Shahidur (May 1999), "§Dr. A. Q. Khan: Nothing Succeed like Success",

2265: 2167: 2012: 1969:

and briefly tenured as professor of physics before joining the faculty of the

1773:

set-up by Khan in Dubai to obtain equipment necessary for nuclear enrichment.

1652:

types, which had been obtained "from a foreign intermediary in 1989", and the

1490: 1466: 1377: 1232: 1120: 881: 857: 170: 4189:

Armstrong, David; Joseph John Trento; National Security News Service (2007).

2963:. Islamabad: Story of Pakistan Press Foundation. 17 October 2013. p. 1. 2322:(in English, German, and Dutch). Islamabad, Pakistan: The Proceedings of the 1804:

Starting in 2001, Khan served as an adviser on science and technology in the

6539: 6523: 5647: 4792: 3855: 3468:"Nuclear secrets: the Dutch whistleblower who tried to stop Pakistan's bomb" 3201: 2870: 2020: 1860: 1748: 1686: 1521: 1256:

showman." During the timeline of the bomb program, Khan published papers on

1193: 1077: 885: 837: 802: 724: 637: 583:(KRL) in 1976 and was both its chief scientist and director for many years. 120: 3068: 2039:

During his time in the atomic bomb project, Khan pioneered research in the

1545:

In 1979, the Zia administration, which was making an effort to keep their

1364:' nuclear devices and provided strong advocacy for the relatively simple ' 17: 6595: 6446: 5620: 5433:. Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiners in Physics. 2518: 2287: 2098: 1993: 1662: 1607: 1474: 1389: 1294: 1278: 1252: 1177:

and became part of the enrichment division, initially collaborating with

1007: 5474: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3682: 3559: 2361:

Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology

1812:. In 2003, the Bush administration reportedly turned over evidence of a 1796:

in Pakistan were also imported by Khan from several Japanese companies.

6605: 6562: 6463: 5949: 5285:. Bloomington, Indiana, United States: iUniverse.com. pp. 138–140. 4683: 2514:"Overview of Dr.Abdul Qadeer Khan's Life on his 83rd Birth Anniversary" 2016: 1735:, and shipped centrifuges to the United States that were identified as 752: 736: 704:

His father, Abdul Ghafoor, was a schoolteacher who once worked for the

672: 3880:(1991). "Reprocessing Plant–The Inside Story". In Panwar, Sani (ed.). 6588: 6583: 6518: 6215: 5462: 4469:. London, Eng. UK.: Indian Express, Pakistan Bureau. Indian Express. 2951: 2949: 2947: 2240:

Proceedings of the International Conf. on Martensitic Transformations

2235: 1645: 1454: 1209: 1108: 1042: 897: 872:

In 1972, Khan joined the Physics Dynamics Research Laboratory (or in

688: 649: 277: 94: 5327: 5068: 5066: 3263:

The effect of morphology on the strength of copper-based martensites

1690:

was caught carrying nuclear centrifuges to Libya from Malaysia, the

284:

The effect of morphology on the strength of copper-based martensites

5615: 4160:"Interview of Dr. Samar Mubarak – Head of Pakistan Missile program" 3889:(1st ed.). Karachi, Sind, Pak.: Jang Publishers. p. 191. 3314: 3312: 2990:(1st ed.). New Delhi, India: Manak Publications. p. 418. 2748: 1614:

who consulted for the project with North Korea and facilitated the

1569:'s administration reaching an understanding with the United States 1473:. Khan said that "KRL has built a centrifuge facility for China in 1392:' in 1998. At a news conference, Khan confirmed the testing of the 1212:

for the enrichment program as ideal site for preventing accidents.

840:

in Belgium. He worked under Belgian professor Martin J. Brabers at

5829:. Washington, DC: United States: Judith S. Seagal. pp. 30–33. 4453: 4451: 2105: 2030: 1967:

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

1580: 1478: 1347: 1164: 720: 676: 556: 5836:

Physicists on Wall Street and other essays on science and society

5013:

Work by Seymour Hersh, with the assistance from the US government

5006:"is Washington going easy on Pakistan's nuclear black marketers?" 4440:

Khan, Abdul Qadeer (June 2010) , "How we developed the program",

5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5056: 3594: 3426:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 552. 2826:"Dr Abdul Qadeer khan Share his Experience Must Watch - YouTube" 1747:, a nuclear engineer and friend of Khan since their days at the 1029: 6417: 6149: 6091:

Upadhyaya, Gopal S. (1 May 2011). "Dr. A.Q. Khan of Pakistan".

5820:. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. pp. 5–6. 5561:. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from 5104: 5102: 4462: 2569:. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from 2407:, German physicist in the nuclear weapons programme of Pakistan 6145: 5782:. Islamabad, Pakistan: Printwise publication. pp. 49–60. 5557:(IISS), International Institute for Strategic Studies (2006). 5175:"Pakistan risks losing orbital slot if satellite not launched" 4435: 4433: 3721: 2432:

have also been accorded that title. Khan has also been titled

687:, Pakistan) while from his paternal side he descended from an 465: 448: 6481:

National Centre for Remote Sensing and Geo-informatics (NCRG)

5902:"Unraveling the A. Q. Khan and Future Proliferation Networks" 5801:. London, UK: International Institute for Strategic Studies. 5358:"Abdul Qadeer Khan: 'Father of Pakistan's nuclear bomb' dies" 4617:

Dr. A. Q. Khan and the rise and fall of proliferation network

4292: 4290: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 1886:

In 2008, the security hearings were officially terminated by

1610:

as reflected in its technology. The project was supported by

1352:

Diagram of the gun-type device developed by the United States

911:

Uranium enrichment is an extremely difficult process because

770:) as an Inspector of weights and measures, and applied for a 476: 459: 439: 5859: 5253:

Press Directorate Office of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences

3794:

Shahid-ur-Rehman (1999). "The Gas centrifuge controversy"".

3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 2140: 5074:"Dr. Qadeer's services unforgettable, says PM Shaukat Aziz" 3515: 3513: 3047:. United States: Harvard University Press. pp. 66–67. 935:

which is also a non-fissile. The URENCO Group utilised the

719:

from a local school in Bhopal, in 1952 Khan emigrated from

586:

In January 2004, Khan was subjected to a debriefing by the

5281:

Upadhyaya, Gopal S. (2011). "§Dr. A.Q. Khan of Pakistan".

3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3789: 3523:

Nuclear Ambitions: The Spread Of Nuclear Weapons 1989–1990

1445:

supplied by PAEC. In an investigative report published by

5769:

Upadhyaya, Gopal S. (2011). "Dr. A.Q. Khan of Pakistan".

4124:. Islamabad: The Nation, 1999. The Nation. Archived from 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3274: 3272: 2309:(in English, German, and Dutch). Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1828:

had given authorisation for technology transfer to Iran.

1792:

for Iran and North Korea through China. Parts needed for

1095:, a reactor physicist, which calls into question of his " 860:

and its extended industrial applications in the field of

2800:"Nuclear Scientist A.Q. Khan Is Freed From House Arrest" 2401:, Pakistani physicist charged with nuclear proliferation 2242:(1986), The Japan Institute of Metals, pp. 560–565. 5904:. The Washington Quarterly. Spring 2005. Archived from 5816:

Kan, Shirley A. (2009). "A.Q. Khan's nuclear network".

5764:. Islamabad, Pakistan: Ali Masud books. pp. 1–158. 5643:"Le "père" de la bombe atomique pakistanaise est libre" 4649:"General Mirza Aslam Beg: Former Army Foe of Musharraf" 2988:

Political representation of Muslims in India, 1952-2004

1429:

weapons program. At one point, Khan reached out to the

1115:. He met with Prime Minister Bhutto in the presence of 848:

which Khan successfully defended, and graduated with a

3225: 3223: 3043:

Bernstein, Jeremy (2014). "§Unintended Consequences".

1644:(IAEA) revealed an enrichment facility in the city of 6954:

Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission people

4788:"Suisses, trafiquants nucléaires et agents de la CIA" 4385:(1st ed.). Washington DC, Islamabad: Routledge. 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 2909:

missile Ghauri after India named its missile Prithvi!

2688:"Mush helped proliferate N-technology : AQ Khan" 2567:"Bhutto was father of Pakistan's Atom Bomb Programme" 2563:(IISS), International Institute for Strategic Studies 497: 479: 473: 456: 6859:

Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology

6234:

Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology

5457: 5455: 4554:"Pakistan Test-Fires Medium-Range Ballistic Missile" 4054: 4052: 1204:(ERL). The ERL functioned directly under the Army's 462: 445: 442: 6750: 6704: 6688: 6657: 6641: 6618: 6571: 6553: 6532: 6511: 6504: 6488: 6456: 6313: 6272: 6224: 6183: 5773:. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.com. pp. 138–140. 5703:Murtaza, Ghulam; Zhahour Ahmad (21 November 1998). 5559:"Bhutto was father of Pakistan's Atom Bomb Program" 4311:

Hatf 6 (Shaheen 2), Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems

4191:

America and the Islamic Bomb: The Deadly Compromise

4111: 4109: 4107: 3012:"The mysterious world of Pakistan's Dr Strangelove" 1739:models by the American inspectors. Ultimately, the 1731:to have economic sanctions lifted, effected by the 1727:negotiated with the United States to roll back its 778:. In 1961, Khan departed for West Germany to study 624:After his death on 10 October 2021, he was given a 470: 453: 436: 399: 377: 372: 356: 344: 334: 316: 294: 276: 254: 244: 211: 203: 180: 158: 136: 128: 109: 80: 41: 6069: 4503:. John Pike of Federation of American Scientists. 4019: 4017: 3477: 2371:Pakistani missile research and development program 1916:Pakistani missile research and development program 1325:Khan produced the designs of the centrifuges from 1223:at the Air Research Laboratories (ARL) located at 1143:Khan Research Laboratories and atomic bomb program 1099:" claim. After reading his letter, Prime Minister 896:which was operating a uranium enrichment plant in 6068:Scott-Clark, Adrian Levy & Catherine (2007). 5276: 5274: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4501:The Federation of American Scientists (John Pike) 3424:Eating grass : the making of the atomic bomb 2339:. Islamabad, Pakistan: Sang-e-Meel Publications. 2162:Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology 1957:In the 1990s, Khan secured a fellowship with the 1910:Government work, academia, and political advocacy 1091:since 20 January 1972 that was being directed by 1072:Upon learning of India's surprise nuclear test, ' 856:in 1972. His thesis included fundamental work on 6464:Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission 5712:Seven National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics 5686:"Islamic Academy of Sciences Fellowship members" 4712:Institute for Science and International Security 4642: 4640: 4423:A.Q. Khan and onward proliferation from Pakistan 3691:Institute for Science and International Security 3328:. Islamabad: ABC Publishing House. p. 180. 3319:Khan, Abdul Qadeer (1987). Sreedhar, VVS (ed.). 2198:University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 1636:pressured Iran to accept tougher inspections of 1449:, Chinese scientists were reportedly present at 6128:Science Advisor to the Presidential Secretariat 5963:"Are-Pakistani-Ahmadis-Loyal-to-their-Homeland" 4959:John Lancaster; Kamran Khan (3 February 2004). 3994:Sublette, Carey; et al. (2 January 2002). 2053: 675:origin. His maternal ancestors hailed from the 648:Abdul Qadeer Khan was born on 1 April 1936, in 318:Science Advisor to the Presidential Secretariat 30:For the cricketer named Abdul Qadeer Khan, see 7004:Presidents of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences 6984:Members of the Pakistan Philosophical Congress 6799:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Islamabad 6249:Department of Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University 5255:. Pakistan Academy of Sciences. Archived from 4582:. Icons Series. New York: Amazon/New Harvest. 4347:"Pakistan Tests Short-Range Ballistic Missile" 4275:"Kahuta - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities" 3069:"Karachi University Physics Department alumni" 2682: 2680: 1840:of local populations during the height of the 904:method to assure a supply of nuclear fuel for 6989:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan 6819:D. J. Sindh Government Science College alumni 6476:Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics 6429: 6161: 5688:. Islamic Academy of Sciences. Archived from 5616:"A.Q. Khan's family figures in Panama Papers" 5525: 5523: 2590: 2588: 1573:to cap the program to 3% enrichment in 1990. 8: 6959:Recipients of Pakistani presidential pardons 5173:staff reporter, agencies (20 October 2008). 4556:. Defence News. Defence News. Archived from 1293:Visible effect of the nuclear weapons test, 762:From 1956 to 1959, Khan was employed by the 533:who is colloquially known as the "father of 521:; 1 April 1936 – 10 October 2021), known as 6244:Defence Science and Technology Organization 6095:. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse. p. 138. 6076:(1st ed.). New York: Walker & Co. 5878:The Physics war of Munir Khan and A.Q. Khan 5672:Remembering Unsung Heroes: Munir Ahmed Khan 5498:"I saved my country from nuclear blackmail" 5298:"AQ Khan set to launch own political party" 5035:"AQ Khan did not act alone: Swedish report" 4118:"Where Mountains Move: The Story of Chagai" 2437: 2331:Khan, Abdul Qadeer; Hussain, Syed Shabbir; 2261:, 23(9) (September 1986), pp. 819–827. 2124:Bruno Tertrais, a senior researcher at the 1769:The "A. Q. Khan network" involved numerous 1700:Scomi Precision Engineering nuclear scandal 1534:, who teamed up with the administration of 1219:program, and a parallel program was led by 739:with his family, Khan briefly attended the 6919:Founders of Pakistani schools and colleges 6508: 6436: 6422: 6414: 6168: 6154: 6146: 6109: 2246:Published by Clarendon Press-Oxford 1986). 1894:who marked the details of debriefings as " 1305:, May 1998. All five nuclear devices were 1006:, with the US backing Pakistan during the 927:(U), which is non-fissile, and 0.0055% of 517: 69: 61: 38: 4497:"Engineering Research Laboratories (ERL)" 4116:Azam, Rai Muhammad Saleh (20 June 1998). 3584:De zaak van atoomspion Kan (aflevering 4) 3352:"The technology of mining and metallurgy" 3303: 2851:"Overview of Dr.Abdul Qadeer Khan's Life" 2747:. GEO.tv. 6 February 2009. Archived from 2745:"IHC declares Dr A Q Khan a free citizen" 2508: 2506: 2504: 2320:Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics 2259:Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 1717:, son of former Malaysian Prime Minister 1485:technology to Pakistan, where Pakistan's 1000:General Intelligence and Security Service 330:1 January 2001 – 31 January 2004 6999:Nuclear weapons scientists and engineers 6849:Pakistani expatriates in the Netherlands 5771:Men of Metals and Materials: My Memoires 5385: 5383: 5283:Men of Metals and Materials: My Memoires 5205:"The past and the present (12 Nov 2008)" 5181:. Dawn Newspaper, 2008. Dawn Newspaper. 4245:"On the trail of the black market bombs" 1800:Security hearings, pardon, and aftermath 1288: 1149:Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction 6929:Fellows of Pakistan Academy of Sciences 6093:Men of metals and materials: my memoirs 6014:by Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins 5950:"Pakistan's Nuclear Father, Master Spy" 4899:『戦後７０年に向けて・核回廊を歩く:パキスタン編／１６　イスラエルの脅威』. 4679:"Pakistan, Nuclear Black Market Linked" 3498:"Ex-colleague spills beans on A Q Khan" 3150:Langewiesche, William (November 2005). 2470: 2417: 2063:statement on 16 May 2011, published in 1516:eventually probed Khan on suspicion of 906:nuclear power plants in the Netherlands 832:such as Pakistan – and joined the 27:Pakistani nuclear physicist (1936–2021) 6132:1 January 2001 – 31 January 2004 5886:. The Atlantic Monthly. November 2005. 5508:from the original on 18 September 2011 5128:from the original on 15 September 2015 5047:from the original on 27 September 2021 4072: 4059: 3164:from the original on 12 September 2011 2337:Dr. A.Q. Khan on science and education 2015:, expressed grief over his death in a 1857:Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission 153:D. J. Sindh Government Science College 6854:Delft University of Technology alumni 5725:from the original on 31 December 2015 5185:from the original on 24 November 2020 4940:from the original on 15 December 2017 4744: 4742: 4659:from the original on 10 November 2012 4225:from the original on 10 November 2010 3798:. Islamabad: Shahid-ur-Rehman, 1999. 2117:in 2016 as owners of Wahdat Ltd., an 1508:Court controversy and U.S. objections 977:, Khan's colleague at FDO, uncovered 967:(rpm). Khan, whose work was based on 880:), an engineering firm subsidiary of 7: 6924:Academic staff of Hamdard University 6869:Catholic University of Leuven alumni 5866:Annotated bibliography for A.Q. Khan 5584:Le Livre noir de l'économie mondiale 5401:from the original on 11 October 2021 5368:from the original on 10 October 2021 5308:from the original on 1 November 2012 4507:from the original on 21 October 2012 4255:from the original on 9 November 2011 4088:. Historycommons.org. Archived from 4002:. Nuclear weapon archives. p. 1 3595:Vrijzinnig Protestantse Radio Omroep 3452:(Television documentary) (in Dutch). 3075:from the original on 22 January 2015 2967:from the original on 22 January 2015 2634:from the original on 24 October 2014 2608:from the original on 10 October 2021 2526:from the original on 10 October 2021 2366:Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Laboratories 2217:Selected research papers and patents 1924:of technology eventually led to his 1549:discreet to avoid pressure from the 1107:that met Khan at his family home in 836:in metallurgical engineering at the 747:, where he graduated in 1956 with a 5467:"Nuclear capability saved Pakistan" 5338:from the original on 8 October 2021 3754:from the original on 13 August 2011 2056:country after a disgraceful defeat. 1477:city". China also exported some of 1469:had KRL run a HEU programme in the 516: 6899:Materials scientists and engineers 5496:Khan, Abdul Qadeer (17 May 2011). 5473:. GEO News (GNews). Archived from 3956:from the original on 22 April 2009 2932:from the original on 27 March 2015 2896:Ahmed, Khaled (27 November 2010). 2665:from the original on 27 March 2015 1642:International Atomic Energy Agency 1217:electromagnetic isotope separation 163:Pakistan's nuclear weapons program 25: 6259:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission 5930:Nuclear Engineering International 5895:Federation of American Scientists 5760:.". In Khan, Abdul Qadeer (ed.). 5296:Gishkor, Zahid (27 August 2012). 4808:"Germany Convicts Khan Associate" 4533:from the original on 24 July 2009 4473:from the original on 11 July 2011 4193:. Steerforth Press. p. 165. 4170:from the original on 19 July 2011 4033:. 4 February 2004. Archived from 3358:. UNU publication on metallurgy. 3261:Khan, Abdul Qadeer (March 1972). 3242:from the original on 12 June 2018 3230:Bowcott, Owen (6 February 2009). 3101:from the original on 27 June 2006 3024:from the original on 6 April 2018 2170:from universities in the country. 2126:Foundation for Strategic Research 1943:to launch satellites into space. 1457:in the early 1980s. In 1996, the 1202:Engineering Research Laboratories 998:at the time, later said that the 996:Prime Minister of the Netherlands 535:Pakistan's atomic weapons program 6894:Weapons scientists and engineers 6864:Pakistani expatriates in Belgium 6844:Pakistani expatriates in Germany 6839:20th-century Pakistani engineers 6445: 5750:The International History Review 5440:from the original on 23 May 2013 5084:from the original on 17 May 2013 4580:Benazir Bhutto: Favored Daughter 4399:from the original on 28 May 2021 3896:from the original on 3 July 2020 3540:from the original on 28 May 2021 3362:from the original on 2 July 2020 3332:from the original on 28 May 2021 2489:from the original on 14 May 2008 2011:The Prime Minister of Pakistan, 1842:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1493:borrowed from DF-11 technology. 764:Karachi Metropolitan Corporation 432: 225: 215: 5827:E=mc²: Today's Nuclear Equation 5674:, Defence Journal, 27 June 2004 5614:Husain, Khurram (14 May 2016). 5530:Hoodbhoy, Pervez (4 May 1999). 5004:Hersh, Seymour (1 March 2004). 4861:Milholin, Gary (4 March 2014). 4442:Sehar Honay Tak (Until Sunrise) 3920:"Bhutto, Zia-ul-Haq And Kahuta" 3826:"The Uranium Route to the Bomb" 3712:"Nuclear Underground: The Guru" 2824:TV, Riphah (25 November 2019). 2307:Advances in Physical Metallurgy 1786:Defense Industries Organization 1775:Shahid Bagheri Industrial Group 1471:Chinese nuclear weapons program 1461:maintained that China provided 1380:' in 1998. Intervention by the 1173:In April 1976, Khan joined the 691:soldier who came to India with 652:, a city then in the erstwhile 193: 5891:"Kahuta Research Laboratories" 4345:Usman Ansari (22 April 2014). 4298:Congressional Research Service 3926:. draqkhan.com. Archived from 3824:Shabbir, Usman (5 June 2003). 3322:Dr. A.Q. Khan on Pakistan Bomb 2774:. Allen Lane. pp. 63–64. 2723:. Allen Lane. pp. 60–61. 1831:On 5 February 2004, President 1376:its series of nuclear tests, ' 838:Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 801:In 1962, while on vacation in 792:Delft University of Technology 660:, and now the capital city of 611:Federal Government of Pakistan 149:Catholic University of Louvain 145:Delft University of Technology 1: 6949:Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz 6470:Institute of Space Technology 6254:Pakistan Institute of Physics 6025:Heart disease Random thoughts 4758:University of Quebec Montreal 4552:Ansari, Usman (28 May 2012). 4215:"Eye To Eye: An Islamic Bomb" 2232:metallic phase transformation 1982:Tehreek-e-Tahaffuz-e-Pakistan 1215:The PAEC did not forgo their 1058:Smiling Buddha and initiation 1053:Scientific career in Pakistan 915:is composed of just 0.71% of 774:that allowed him to study in 602:of Pakistan's Prime Minister 571:. After learning of India's " 382:Tehreek-e-Tahaffuz-e-Pakistan 6969:Pakistani technology writers 6944:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz 6889:Pakistani nuclear physicists 6824:University of Karachi alumni 6809:Indian emigrants to Pakistan 6019:Written by Abdul Qadeer Khan 5998:Pakistan Academy of Sciences 5596:Khan built hotel in Timbuktu 5471:Geo Television Network (GTN) 5207:. A. Q. Khan. Archived from 5118:The New York Review of Books 4615:Fitzpatrick, Mark (2007). "§ 3748:"Profile: Abdul Qadeer Khan" 3683:"Team GmbH and Ernest Piffl" 3520:Spector, Leonard S. (2019). 3232:"Profile: Abdul Qadeer Khan" 3206:Press Information Department 3095:"Profile: Abdul Qadeer Khan" 2986:Ansari, Iqbal Ahmad (2006). 2424:Though other people such as 2324:Pakistan Academy of Sciences 2222:Nuclear and material physics 2041:thermal quantum field theory 1959:Pakistan Academy of Sciences 1733:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act 1577:North Korea, Iran, and Libya 1262:balancing of rotating masses 1153:Rotation around a fixed axis 1113:Prime Minister's Secretariat 1082:Prime Minister's Secretariat 1034:was imposed on his company. 941:electromagnetically separate 913:uranium in its natural state 6346:Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui 6264:National Centre for Physics 6007:Islamic Academy of Sciences 5684:Khan, Abdul Qadeer (1998). 5651:(in French). February 2009. 5534:. Chowk.com. Archived from 4928:AQ Khan (5 February 2004). 4761:(in French). Archived from 4527:"American Spaces Dashboard" 3883:Last Days of Premier Bhutto 3663:(in Dutch). 18 January 2011 2318:Khan, Abdul Qadeer (1983). 2305:Khan, Abdul Qadeer (1972). 2249:Flow-induced vibrations in 2121:registered in the Bahamas. 2004:before being buried at the 1920:Khan's strong advocacy for 1459:U.S. intelligence community 1412:minimum credible deterrence 824: – an equivalent to a 743:before transferring to the 733:religious violence in India 632:before being buried at the 263:GIK Institute of Technology 7025: 6974:Pakistani textbook writers 6239:Khan Research Laboratories 5834:Bernstein, Jeremy (2008). 4987:, 14 February 2005, p. 22. 4796:(in French). 11 June 2008. 4495:Pike, John (16 May 2000). 3830:PakDef Military Consortium 1913: 1696:Khan Research Laboratories 1620:Khan Research Laboratories 1451:Khan Research Laboratories 1431:People's Republic of China 1421: 1339:innovation of centrifuges, 1282: 1276: 1146: 1061: 1039:Khan Research Laboratories 882:Verenigde Machinefabrieken 816:In 1967, Khan obtained an 581:Khan Research Laboratories 259:Khan Research Laboratories 29: 6914:Scientists from Islamabad 6696:Sonmiani Flight Test Rage 6405:Nuclear power in Pakistan 6399: 6134: 6125: 6117: 6112: 5926:"Tracking the technology" 5705:"Condense Matter Physics" 4467:archive.indianexpress.com 4353:. Gannett. Archived from 3617:National Security Archive 1846:U.S. Embassy in Islamabad 1447:Nuclear Threat Initiative 1418:Proliferation controversy 939:of centrifugal method to 854:metallurgical engineering 727:train, partly due to the 395: 391: 368: 323: 312: 308: 304: 249:Metallurgical engineering 237: 68: 59: 6804:People from Bhopal State 6679:University of the Punjab 6675:Astronomical Observatory 6628:Lunar prediction program 6496:Satellite Ground Station 4863:"Nukes 'R' Us (Opinion)" 4813:Arms Control Association 2596:"Tribute to Dr A Q Khan" 2376:Conservatism in Pakistan 2292:Pakistan Physics Society 2270:Pakistan Physics Society 2183:Baqai Medical University 2082:Pakistan Physics Society 2045:condensed matter physics 1941:expendable launch system 1806:Musharraf administration 1674:sting operation, due to 1264:and thermodynamics with 1064:Operation Smiling Buddha 963:) gas at up to ~100,000 830:English-speaking nations 755:with a concentration on 644:Early life and education 588:Musharraf administration 60: 6879:Pakistani metallurgists 6451:Pakistani Space Program 6381:Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi 6003:Prof. Abdul Qadeer Khan 4727:"Buhary Syed Abu Tahir" 4463:"A day with A. Q. Khan" 4427:Viewed 24 October 2012. 3996:"Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan" 3638:De Nederlandse atoombom 3188:Encyclopædia Britannica 2957:"Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan" 2922:"Chronology: A.Q. Khan" 2655:"Chronology: A.Q. Khan" 2653:Staff (16 April 2006). 2550:Encyclopædia Britannica 1678:between two countries. 1394:boosted fission devices 1311:highly enriched uranium 1273:Nuclear tests: Chagai-I 1225:Chaklala Air Force Base 1132:highly enriched uranium 32:Abdul Qadir (cricketer) 6934:Theoretical physicists 6834:Engineers from Karachi 6665:University Observatory 5838:. New York: Springer. 5424:"Frontiers in Physics" 4578:Allen, Brooke (2016). 4376:Kirk, Russell (2017). 3952:. Globalsecurity.org. 3448:Bromet, Frans (2021). 3438:Viewed 7 January 2013. 3071:. Karachi University. 2898:"Scientists, our kind" 2770:Rashid, Ahmed (2012). 2719:Rashid, Ahmed (2012). 2628:"A.Q. Khan & Iran" 2280:Non-equilibrium phases 2228:Dilation investigation 2152:Nishan-e-Imtiaz (1996) 2070: 2049:peace through strength 2036: 1931:Indian missile program 1874:In 2007, the U.S. and 1702:surrounding Scomi CEO 1602:was based entirely on 1594: 1571:Clinton administration 1524:, which sentenced him 1497:administration tasked 1403:The News International 1353: 1343:differential equations 1314: 1285:Boosted fission weapon 1170: 965:revolutions per minute 594:handed to them by the 531:metallurgical engineer 6994:Nuclear proliferation 6768:Spin-off technologies 6717:Ishrat Hussain Usmani 6669:University of Karachi 6356:Iqbal Hussain Qureshi 5799:Nuclear black markets 5752:37.3 (2015): 431–457. 5334:. 13 September 2021. 4886:중국 비밀무기상 리팡웨이를 잡아라 . 4621:Nuclear black markets 4326:. CSIS Missile Threat 4086:"Zulfikar Ali Bhutto" 3648:Omroepvereniging VARA 3109:– via BBC News. 2796:Warrick, Joby Warrick 2772:Pakistan in the Brink 2721:Pakistan in the Brink 2452:) by the local media. 2447:Protector of Pakistan 2399:Anwar Ali (physicist) 2178:University of Karachi 2034: 1939:missile system as an 1888:Chairman joint chiefs 1814:nuclear proliferation 1790:nuclear proliferation 1719:Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 1589:, when he worked for 1584: 1551:Reagan administration 1424:Nuclear proliferation 1422:Further information: 1382:Chairman Joint Chiefs 1351: 1292: 1283:Further information: 1168: 1089:crash weapons program 844:, who supervised his 745:University of Karachi 741:D. J. Science College 706:Ministry of Education 600:former administration 592:nuclear proliferation 141:University of Karachi 6979:Pakistani columnists 6964:Pakistani memoirists 6874:Theoretical chemists 6829:Pakistani physicists 6633:SUPARCO rocket tests 6391:Ghulam Dastagir Alam 6290:Zahid Ali Akbar Khan 5965:. Pakistani Tribune. 5936:on 27 December 2004. 5871:14 July 2007 at the 5114:"He Changed History" 4930:"I seek your pardon" 4461:(16 February 2004). 4324:"Haft 6 "Shaheen 2"" 4251:. 12 February 2004. 3482:on 10 December 2022. 3450:In de ban van de bom 3131:on 29 September 2010 3097:. 20 February 2004. 1954:" for the country". 1838:win hearts and minds 1555:Operation Brasstacks 1435:uranium hexafluoride 1331:separative work unit 1258:analytical mechanics 1161:Analytical mechanics 957:uranium hexafluoride 822:materials technology 784:Technical University 729:reservation politics 619:Obama administration 615:Islamabad High Court 579:when he founded the 7009:People from Karachi 6904:Pakistani inventors 6658:Space observatories 6361:Muneer Ahmad Rashid 6285:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 6280:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 6113:Government offices 6031:More on thalassemia 6012:Why He Went Nuclear 5884:"The Wrath of Khan" 5780:Long Road to Chagai 5692:on 28 January 2002. 5397:. 10 October 2021. 5364:. 10 October 2021. 5302:The Tribune Express 5249:"Abdul Qadeer Khan" 5211:on 14 February 2010 5154:on 26 February 2021 5080:. 26 October 2007. 5043:. 7 December 2006. 4971:on 11 October 2008. 4965:The Washington Post 4025:"The Wrath of Khan" 3796:Long road to Chagai 3750:. History Commons. 3687:exportcontrols.info 3496:(29 January 2004). 3281:Long Road to Chagai 3152:"The Wrath of Khan" 3020:. 7 February 2004. 2961:storyofpakistan.com 2903:The Express Tribune 2804:The Washington Post 2798:(7 February 2009). 2630:. Global Security. 2485:. 4 February 2004. 2479:"The Wrath of Khan" 2430:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 2061:Abdul Qadeer Khan, 1876:European Commission 1822:Chief of Army Staff 1818:Pakistan Television 1810:conservative sphere 1741:Bush administration 1708:Kamaluddin Abdullah 1654:Iranian negotiators 1638:its nuclear program 1616:technology transfer 1467:military government 1297:, conducted in the 1266:mathematical rigour 1245:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 1175:atomic bomb program 1105:Bashiruddin Mahmood 1101:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 1084:in September 1974. 969:physical metallurgy 862:graphene morphology 757:solid-state physics 749:Bachelor of Science 723:to Pakistan on the 596:Bush administration 175:graphene morphology 62:ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان 6884:Project-706 people 6751:History and policy 6732:Wladyslaw Turowicz 6386:Władysław Turowicz 6376:Noor Muhammad Butt 6055:I saved my country 6043:Great expectations 5994:Abdul Quadeer Khan 5259:on 4 February 2014 4915:The New York Times 4867:The New York Times 4687:. 11 February 2004 4647:PBS (March 2004). 4280:GlobalSecurity.org 4128:on 20 January 2015 3930:on 7 October 2011. 3858:. Capital Studios. 3836:on 20 January 2015 2926:The New York Times 2708:. Global Security. 2692:The Times of India 2659:The New York Times 2188:Hamdard University 2103:Pakistan Air Force 2037: 1975:Karachi University 1971:Hamdard University 1859:(WMDC), headed by 1794:nuclear enrichment 1676:strained relations 1595: 1547:nuclear capability 1540:legal technicality 1433:for acquiring the 1408:Teller–Ulam design 1354: 1315: 1309:devices that used 1303:Sulaiman Mountains 1206:Corps of Engineers 1171: 988:legal technicality 902:gaseous centrifuge 890:uranium enrichment 731:at that time, and 710:partition of India 685:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 656:princely state of 565:isotope separation 561:uranium metallurgy 525:, was a Pakistani 267:Hamdard University 6776: 6775: 6758:Space Vision 2040 6727:Abdul Qadeer Khan 6614: 6613: 6512:Earth observation 6411: 6410: 6351:Samar Mubarakmand 6326:Abdul Qadeer Khan 6300:Ghulam Ishaq Khan 6201:Kala Chitta Range 6144: 6143: 6135:Succeeded by 6102:978-1-4620-1840-6 6083:978-0-8027-1554-8 6037:Memorable Karachi 5975: 5974: 5808:978-0-86079-201-7 5538:on 3 January 2011 5110:Bernstein, Jeremy 4903:. 26 August 2014. 4630:978-0-86079-201-7 4588:978-0-544-64893-7 4392:978-1-351-50115-6 4357:on 1 October 2014 4062:, pp. 59–60) 3533:978-0-429-71464-1 3306:, pp. 51–52) 3208:. 4 November 2021 3183:Abdul Qadeer Khan 3017:Independent.co.uk 2928:. 16 April 2006. 2601:Pakistan Observer 2545:Abdul Qadeer Khan 2434:Mohsin-e-Pakistan 2386:Nuclear arms race 2381:Nuclear espionage 2346:978-969-35-0821-5 2251:Gas-tube assembly 2238:maraging steels, 2208: 2207: 2067: 1988:Illness and death 1749:Leuven University 1536:Leuven University 1518:nuclear espionage 1483:ballistic missile 1229:Manhattan Project 1157:Gaseous diffusion 1117:Ghulam Ishaq Khan 1012:Soviet–Afghan War 979:nuclear espionage 947:U, U, and U from 842:Leuven University 826:Master of Science 818:engineer's degree 590:over evidence of 553:phase transitions 527:nuclear physicist 414:Abdul Qadeer Khan 411: 410: 300:Martin J. Brabers 239:Scientific career 186:Hendrina Reternik 167:gaseous diffusion 43:Abdul Qadeer Khan 16:(Redirected from 7016: 6509: 6450: 6449: 6438: 6431: 6424: 6415: 6321:Munir Ahmad Khan 6170: 6163: 6156: 6147: 6118:Preceded by 6110: 6106: 6087: 6075: 5990: 5989: 5987:Official website 5966: 5953: 5945: 5937: 5932:. Archived from 5917: 5915: 5913: 5887: 5860: 5849: 5830: 5821: 5812: 5793: 5774: 5765: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5724: 5709: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5681: 5675: 5670:Shabbir, Usman, 5668: 5662: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5611: 5605: 5593: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5565:on 14 March 2012 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5527: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5459: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5439: 5431:13 December 1988 5428: 5420: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5387: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5278: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5244: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5150:. Archived from 5144: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5106: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5089: 5078:Pakistan Tribune 5070: 5061: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5015:. The New Yorker 5010: 5001: 4988: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4967:. Archived from 4956: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4910: 4904: 4901:Mainichi Shimbun 4897: 4891: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4835:"Gotthard Lerch" 4831: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4767: 4754: 4746: 4737: 4736: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4644: 4635: 4634: 4612: 4591: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4492: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4455: 4446: 4445: 4437: 4428: 4426: 4418: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4384: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4320: 4314: 4313:; June 15, 2004. 4307: 4301: 4294: 4285: 4284: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4156: 4150: 4148:Project Hydrogen 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4113: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4082: 4076: 4069: 4063: 4056: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4021: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3991: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3945: 3932: 3931: 3918:(29 July 2009). 3912: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3895: 3888: 3874: 3859: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3821: 3810: 3809: 3791: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3657: 3651: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3608: 3602: 3601:on 25 June 2016. 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3517: 3508: 3507: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3476:. 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Archived from 3125:Pakistanileaders 3117: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2953: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2751:on 15 April 2012 2741: 2735: 2734: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2684: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2604:. 2 April 2021. 2592: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2573:on 14 March 2012 2559: 2553: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2522:. 1 April 2019. 2510: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2475: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2426:Munir Ahmad Khan 2422: 2350: 2327: 2314: 2193:Gomal University 2141: 2119:offshore company 2078:Munir Ahmad Khan 2068: 2062: 1833:Pervez Musharraf 1788:was involved in 1783: 1761: 1745:Friedrich Tinner 1716: 1514:Dutch government 1386:Jehangir Karamat 1340: 1183:physical chemist 1139:returning home. 1093:Munir Ahmad Khan 1033: 1026: 933:daughter product 921:fissile material 919:(U), which is a 868:Career in Europe 834:doctoral program 828:(MS) offered in 780:material science 693:Muhammad of Ghor 520: 519: 508: 504: 500: 495: 494: 493: 492: 485: 482: 481: 478: 475: 472: 468: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 451: 450: 447: 444: 441: 438: 429: 407: 387: 373:Personal details 359: 347: 339:Pervez Musharraf 328: 296:Doctoral advisor 290: 229: 219: 197: 195: 116: 90: 88: 73: 63: 39: 21: 7024: 7023: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7013: 6909:Pakistani spies 6779: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6746: 6700: 6684: 6653: 6642:Launch vehicles 6637: 6610: 6567: 6549: 6528: 6500: 6484: 6452: 6444: 6442: 6412: 6407: 6395: 6309: 6305:Mubashir Hassan 6295:Rahimuddin Khan 6268: 6226: 6220: 6196:Chagai District 6179: 6174: 6140: 6131: 6123: 6103: 6090: 6084: 6067: 6057:1 November 2012 5985: 5984: 5981: 5976: 5961: 5948: 5940: 5924: 5911: 5909: 5908:on 7 April 2005 5900: 5882: 5873:Wayback Machine 5852: 5846: 5833: 5824: 5815: 5809: 5796: 5790: 5777: 5768: 5762:Sehar Honay Tak 5755: 5744: 5739: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5722: 5707: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5669: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5626: 5624: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5594: 5590: 5582: 5578: 5568: 5566: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5529: 5528: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5465:(17 May 2011). 5461: 5460: 5453: 5443: 5441: 5437: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5414: 5404: 5402: 5389: 5388: 5381: 5371: 5369: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5341: 5339: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5280: 5279: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5246: 5245: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5186: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5112:(28 May 2009). 5108: 5107: 5100: 5087: 5085: 5072: 5071: 5064: 5050: 5048: 5040:Hindustan Times 5033: 5032: 5028: 5018: 5016: 5008: 5003: 5002: 4991: 4980: 4976: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4898: 4894: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4869: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4818: 4816: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4768:on 1 March 2014 4765: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4740: 4732:History Commons 4725: 4724: 4720: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4662: 4660: 4646: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4614: 4613: 4594: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4560:on 19 July 2013 4551: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4494: 4493: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4457: 4456: 4449: 4439: 4438: 4431: 4420: 4419: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4393: 4382: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4309:Duncan Lennox; 4308: 4304: 4295: 4288: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4201: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4115: 4114: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4092:on 15 June 2011 4084: 4083: 4079: 4070: 4066: 4057: 4050: 4040: 4038: 4023: 4022: 4015: 4005: 4003: 3993: 3992: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3947: 3946: 3935: 3916:Khan, A. Qadeer 3914: 3913: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3876: 3875: 3862: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3823: 3822: 3813: 3806: 3793: 3792: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3744:History Commons 3742: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3717:Frontline World 3710: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3659: 3658: 3654: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3593:9 August 2005. 3582: 3578: 3568: 3566: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3543: 3541: 3534: 3519: 3518: 3511: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3473:Financial Times 3462: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3434: 3421: 3420: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3356:archive.unu.edu 3350: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3325: 3318: 3317: 3310: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3278: 3277: 3270: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3229: 3228: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3119: 3118: 3114: 3104: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3010: 3009: 3005: 2998: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2955: 2954: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2920: 2919: 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1125:Mubashir Hassan 1070: 1062:Main articles: 1060: 1055: 1028: 1020: 962: 951:raw uranium by 884:(VMF) based in 870: 846:doctoral thesis 811:Muslim ceremony 768:city government 681:Khyber District 646: 569:gas centrifuges 557:metallic alloys 506: 502: 498: 489: 488: 487: 469: 452: 435: 431: 417: 405:draqkhan.com.pk 403: 385: 384: 378:Political party 357: 345: 329: 324: 288: 269: 265: 261: 224: 221:Nishan-i-Imtiaz 199: 196: 1963) 191: 187: 151: 147: 143: 137:Alma mater 124: 118: 114: 113:10 October 2021 105: 92: 86: 84: 76: 64: 55: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7022: 7020: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6814:Muhajir people 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6781: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6754: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6742:Ghulam Murtaza 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6698: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6672: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6649:Rehbar program 6645: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6624: 6622: 6620:Space missions 6616: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6575: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6559: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6547: 6542: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6492: 6490: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6433: 6426: 6418: 6409: 6408: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6276: 6274: 6273:Administrators 6270: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6230: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6187: 6185: 6181: 6180: 6175: 6173: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6150: 6142: 6141: 6138:Atta ur Rahman 6136: 6133: 6124: 6119: 6115: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6101: 6088: 6082: 6059: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6016: 6015: 6009: 6000: 5991: 5980: 5979:External links 5977: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5967: 5959: 5954: 5946: 5938: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5898: 5888: 5880: 5875: 5858: 5851: 5850: 5845:978-0387765068 5844: 5831: 5822: 5813: 5807: 5794: 5788: 5775: 5766: 5753: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5695: 5676: 5663: 5654: 5634: 5606: 5601:Times of India 5588: 5576: 5549: 5519: 5488: 5477:on 20 May 2011 5451: 5412: 5379: 5349: 5319: 5288: 5270: 5222: 5196: 5165: 5139: 5098: 5062: 5026: 4989: 4974: 4951: 4920: 4905: 4892: 4879: 4853: 4826: 4799: 4779: 4738: 4718: 4698: 4670: 4636: 4629: 4592: 4571: 4544: 4529:. usinfo.org. 4518: 4484: 4459:Nayyar, Kuldip 4447: 4429: 4421:IISS reports. 4410: 4391: 4368: 4337: 4315: 4302: 4286: 4266: 4236: 4206: 4199: 4181: 4151: 4139: 4103: 4077: 4075:, pp. 60) 4064: 4048: 4037:on 12 May 2008 4013: 3967: 3933: 3907: 3860: 3847: 3811: 3804: 3765: 3735: 3703: 3674: 3652: 3646:. 07-11-2005. 3630: 3603: 3576: 3551: 3532: 3509: 3485: 3455: 3440: 3433:978-0804776011 3432: 3373: 3343: 3326:(google books) 3308: 3304:Bernstein 2008 3295: 3289: 3268: 3253: 3219: 3193: 3175: 3142: 3112: 3086: 3060: 3054:978-0674744561 3053: 3035: 3003: 2996: 2978: 2943: 2913: 2888: 2862: 2842: 2816: 2787: 2780: 2762: 2736: 2729: 2711: 2697: 2694:. 6 July 2008. 2676: 2645: 2619: 2584: 2565:(1 May 2007). 2554: 2537: 2500: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2351: 2345: 2328: 2315: 2311:Elsevier Press 2300: 2297: 2296: 2295: 2288:solidification 2276:Thermodynamics 2273: 2262: 2247: 2243: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2164: 2159: 2156:Hilal-e-Imtiaz 2153: 2150: 2139: 2090:Foreign Policy 2058: 2028: 2025: 2008:in Islamabad. 1989: 1986: 1911: 1908: 1867:: "Suppose if 1801: 1798: 1753:Gotthard Lerch 1634:European Union 1612:Benazir Bhutto 1600:Ghauri missile 1578: 1575: 1567:Benazir Bhutto 1509: 1506: 1463:magnetic rings 1442: 1438: 1419: 1416: 1362:implosion-type 1277:Main article: 1274: 1271: 1191:military-grade 1187:nuclear weapon 1179:Khalil Qureshi 1144: 1141: 1074:Smiling Buddha 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 960: 869: 866: 662:Madhya Pradesh 654:British Indian 645: 642: 604:Benazir Bhutto 577:atomic weapons 573:Smiling Buddha 518:عبد القدیر خان 409: 408: 401: 397: 396: 393: 392: 389: 388: 379: 375: 374: 370: 369: 366: 365: 363:Atta-ur-Rahman 360: 354: 353: 348: 342: 341: 336: 332: 331: 321: 320: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 302: 301: 298: 292: 291: 280: 274: 273: 256: 252: 251: 246: 242: 241: 235: 234: 231:Hilal-i-Imtiaz 213: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 189: 185: 184: 182: 178: 177: 160: 159:Known for 156: 155: 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 119: 117:(aged 85) 111: 107: 106: 93: 82: 78: 77: 74: 66: 65: 57: 56: 45: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7021: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6680: 6676: 6673: 6670: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6533:Communication 6531: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489:Space centres 6487: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6457:Organizations 6455: 6448: 6439: 6434: 6432: 6427: 6425: 6420: 6419: 6416: 6406: 6403: 6398: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6211:Kharan Desert 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6191:Ras Koh Hills 6189: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6171: 6166: 6164: 6159: 6157: 6152: 6151: 6148: 6139: 6130: 6129: 6122: 6116: 6111: 6104: 6098: 6094: 6089: 6085: 6079: 6074: 6073: 6066: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6056: 6053: 6051:30 April 2012 6050: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6021: 6020: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5988: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5971: 5964: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5942:"BBC profile" 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5847: 5841: 5837: 5832: 5828: 5823: 5819: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5800: 5795: 5791: 5789:969-8500-00-6 5785: 5781: 5776: 5772: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5754: 5751: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5706: 5699: 5696: 5691: 5687: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5664: 5658: 5655: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5589: 5586:- p. 61. 5585: 5580: 5577: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5550: 5537: 5533: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5489: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5350: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5323: 5320: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5289: 5284: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5210: 5206: 5200: 5197: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5169: 5166: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5140: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5046: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5030: 5027: 5014: 5009:(google docs) 5007: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4985: 4978: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4955: 4952: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4921: 4917:. p. A1. 4916: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4890:. 2016-02-24. 4889: 4883: 4880: 4868: 4864: 4857: 4854: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4803: 4800: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4764: 4760: 4759: 4751: 4745: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4722: 4719: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4658: 4654: 4653:PBS Frontline 4650: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4545: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4436: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4383:(googlebooks) 4381: 4380: 4372: 4369: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4338: 4325: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4207: 4202: 4200:9781586421373 4196: 4192: 4185: 4182: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4020: 4018: 4014: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3911: 3908: 3892: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3878:Niazi, Kausar 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3805:969-8500-00-6 3801: 3797: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3662: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3631: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3565: 3561: 3555: 3552: 3539: 3535: 3529: 3526:. Routledge. 3525: 3524: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3494:Bhatia, Shyam 3489: 3486: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3456: 3451: 3444: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3331: 3324: 3323: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3290:969-8500-00-6 3286: 3282: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3257: 3254: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3207: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3176: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3153: 3146: 3143: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3056: 3050: 3046: 3039: 3036: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3007: 3004: 2999: 2997:9788178271309 2993: 2989: 2982: 2979: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2892: 2889: 2877:. 28 May 2013 2876: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2817: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2783: 2781:9781846145858 2777: 2773: 2766: 2763: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2732: 2730:9781846145858 2726: 2722: 2715: 2712: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2649: 2646: 2633: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2464: 2459: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2411: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2284:Electron-beam 2281: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2204: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2115:Panama Papers 2111: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2066: 2057: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2033: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2006:H-8 graveyard 2003: 2002:Faisal Mosque 1999: 1998:state funeral 1995: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1952:unforgettable 1949: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1926:ostracisation 1923: 1917: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1870: 1869:Edward Teller 1866: 1865:Seymour Hersh 1862: 1858: 1854: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1764:Alfred Hempel 1759: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1720: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1660:In May 1998, 1658: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1593:in the 1970s. 1592: 1588: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1512:In 1979, the 1507: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1499:Major-General 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1436: 1432: 1425: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:Ras Koh Hills 1296: 1291: 1286: 1280: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1069: 1065: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 980: 976: 975:Frits Veerman 972: 970: 966: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 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