477:. Converting Sherman tanks was simpler than producing Challengers, so it was decided in November 1943 to terminate the A30 production run after the two hundred vehicles had been built, allowing BRC&W to concentrate on the Cromwell. At the same time the A 40 "Challenger Stage II" project was cancelled, which had envisaged a 36 tonne type with heavier armour. Future design priority was concentrated on the A34 Comet, which eventually replaced the Cromwell, Firefly and Challenger. Challenger production started in March 1944. That year 145 vehicles were delivered with another 52 in 1945. Production was in two batches. A first run of forty vehicles had a 40 mm gun mantlet; with the second batch this was replaced by a 102 mm mantlet. From the hundredth vehicle onwards appliqué 25 mm armour plates were fitted on the turret, that had already been applied to existing vehicles by field units.
585:
503:
121:
53:
529:
later added to turret and hull front. The turret did not use a conventional turret ring: to increase the aperture diameter by four inches, it rested on a ball mount on the hull floor. Therefore the base of the turret was unprotected, and it would cantilever if struck by enemy rounds. A jacking feature, with four internal semi-automatic jacks, was fitted to clear jams. The additional length allowed larger hatches to be fitted in the hull while still clearing the turret, providing easier access than
Cromwell.
2122:
628:. The tank was unpopular at first, with crews complaining about the lack of armour, the high silhouette and the tracks being thrown. The track problem was caused by the smaller idler wheels compared to the Cromwell; these were in August replaced by idlers with a standard diameter. Troops used to the low profile of the Crusader and Cromwell found the height a serious problem, although it was still shorter than the comparable Sherman Firefly.
704:
462:. So in February 1943 an order was made of two hundred vehicles; the Army General Staff took five months to approve the Challenger design for production (in February 1943, the only significant alteration was to the ammunition stowage), and Robotham was also critical of the decision to continue manufacturing the Cromwell with a 6-pounder gun (the 17-pounder gun was "infinitely better").
557:. The Challenger could only hold 48 rounds of the large 17-pounder ammunition because the General Staff required four men in the turret, though later tanks like the Centurion used a three-man turret. The armour of the Challenger offered very little protection against contemporary German anti-tank guns and was lower than that of the Cromwell, which often operated with Challengers.
576:
preferred within
Cromwell units as it shared similar mobility and manoeuvrability, whereas the Firefly was slower. Despite a lower design weight than the earlier A29 specification (32½ not 34 tons), the Challenger was heavy and required dockyard equipment to ship, making it impractical to use in amphibious assaults such as the D-day landings.
686:
The
Avenger suffered in trials as the engine had to remain running to use the turret traverse motor, because the noise and exhaust could give the vehicle away. Winter trials in a prolonged stationary position also failed in comparison with Archer, when the Avenger's steering failed. Both vehicles had
457:
had been developing a 75 mm (3.0 in) 50-calibre-long high-velocity tank gun. It was realised late in the design process that the
Cromwell's turret ring was too small for this gun. The Challenger would be the only British cruiser tank to mount a weapon that could tackle heavier German armour
560:
In combat, the
Challenger fulfilled much the same role as the Sherman Firefly, providing overwatch for the other tanks in the troop, as its 17-pounder could penetrate almost all German AFVs frontally, unlike the 75 mm. It was deployed in a similar manner at a troop level, this was typically one
528:
was reduced but this could only be achieved on the turret, 63 mm (2.5 in) on the front (the mantlet was 102 mm of IT 90) and 40 mm (1.6 in) on the sides compared to 75 mm (3.0 in) and 60 mm (2.4 in) on the
Cromwell. Applique armour, 25 mm thick, was
523:
To carry the weight of the 17-pounder and ammunition, an extra wheel station and suspension arm was needed, lengthening the hull. This change in length, without a corresponding change in width across the tracks, reduced mobility compared to the
Cromwell, although speed remained high at 25 mph.
440:
The first prototype was ready in August 1942, only seven months after development had commenced, but proved to be very flawed. An improved second prototype was presented in
January 1943 but was still considered unacceptable. A committee met to determine whether a requirement for a 17-pounder tank
428:
brought forward specification A29 for a 45 ton, 17 pounder-armed cruiser tank based on needs identified in the
African desert campaign. British tanks were generally underarmed compared to German vehicles. The design weight of this vehicle was subsequently seen as excessive and the specification was
694:
While the
Avenger was only used for trials and was ultimately unsuccessful in comparison with the purpose built vehicles, it provides an example of what could have been possible for the Challenger had it not been forced to accommodate a second loader in a larger (four-man) turret in its design. It
514:
gun required in the Tank Board specification and the hull machine gun was removed to provide stowage space for the long 17-pounder cartridges. The War Office expected that this larger ammunition, together with its stowage forward, would require two loaders alongside the commander and gunner in the
532:
Upon Robotham's appointment as Chief Engineer to the Department of Tank Design, the lack of progress on an (A29) 17-pounder armed tank could not adequately be explained. Robotham's memoirs indicate a lack of awareness that any such requirement existed within the department and military users were
575:
In comparison with the Firefly, the tank lacked the sloping forward armour but presented a lower profile and avoided the Firefly's constraint on gun depression. The Challenger provided 10° of gun depression while Firefly was limited to 5°, which was a significant disadvantage in combat. It was
644:
After the war, the Czechoslovak government purchased 22 Challengers from the brigade inventory, which served in the Czechoslovak army (first with the 11th, later 23rd, Tank Brigade and then with the 13th Independent Tank Battalion) until they were put in reserve in 1951 and scrapped in 1959.
572:. Its reliability was slightly below that of the Cromwell, as a problem was experienced with track throwing, caused by mud building up in the wheels but this was resolved in the field. Supply and maintenance were vastly simplified through the use of common parts with the Cromwell.
533:
still unsure whether the tank was required at the point when the rushed A30 design had been completed and prototype vehicles run. The Challenger was then rushed into production alongside existing production runs of Cromwell, limiting the number of tanks that could be produced.
453:"Special" with the long 75 mm (3.0 in) gun), at shorter ranges it would be at a disadvantage due to its slow firing rate and thin armour. The design received additional emphasis when, in May 1943, it was found that the Cromwell could not carry its intended armament.
674:
As many as 500 vehicles appear to have been planned and 230 vehicles were ordered from BRC&W, but this dropped to 80 with the end of the war. It is not known how many were actually built; the SP2 nomenclature indicates its place in production with the
665:. It removed the second loader's position and featured a much lower profile turret and lower superstructure on the hull. An additional stowage bin was provided on the glacis plate for a large camo net and return rollers were added to the tracks.
624:, with about sixteen vehicles in each unit: one Challenger and three Cromwells in each troop. The latter division phased the type out from February 1945 onwards, while it was being introduced to the Cromwell units of the
615:
The Challenger and Firefly, equipped with 17-pounder, were added to tank squadrons to deal with opposing heavy tanks and many Challengers were issued to reconnaissance units using Cromwells. It was initially used by the
519:
additional crewman in the turret, a much larger turret than that of the Cromwell was specified, developed separately, which had a significant effect on the design and was not resolved until later development of Avenger.
631:
Confidence in the vehicle grew and it became preferred over the Firefly, being lower, faster and more manoeuvrable but the early bad reputation persisted with others. Allied forces were issued with the Challenger, the
392:
conversion of the US-supplied Sherman proved easier to produce and, with delays in production, only 200 Challengers were built. The Challenger was able to keep up with the fast Cromwell tank and was used with them.
2096:
561:
17-pounder armed tank (such as Challenger or Firefly) to three 75 mm armed tanks (Cromwells or Shermans); at times, the deployment of 17-pounder armed tanks was increased to two per troop.
668:
The Avenger featured a permanent opening in the turret roof covered with an armoured cover supported a few inches above. This provided the commander and loader with full 360 degree visibility.
671:
By the time the pilot was complete, the British had lend-lease M10s for anti-tank work coming into service and the production of Avenger was de-prioritised in favour of Comet production
2157:
1080:
429:
passed over in favour of the alternate specification, A30, which was 10 long tons (10 t) lighter. In 1942, an order for the development of an A30 based tank was placed with
441:
existed. The Challenger had been developed in anticipation of more heavily armoured Axis tanks, following the trend in Nazi German tank design. At roughly the same time the
2147:
722:
in 1976; the other was awaiting restoration at the Isle of Wight Military Museum in the United Kingdom until its closure. Once restored, it will be displayed at the
465:
British tank production was constrained by limited resources and insufficient numbers could be made. This was compensated by American production. In the lead up to
430:
182:
637:
490:
used the same projectiles as the 17 pounder with a reduced propellant charge. The 17 pounder gun was used on the earliest marks of the Comet's successor, the
2142:
433:(BRC&W) expecting it to be based on the Cromwell components also being manufactured by BRC&W. The turret and gun mounting were in the hands of
1300:
405:. "Roy" Robotham had been a Rolls-Royce executive in the car division who, with no work to do, had led a team to develop a tank powerplant from the
1803:
621:
445:
entered service with the German army, placing an immediate need for a 17-pounder armed tank in response. When the second prototype was tested at
625:
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74:
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1986:
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engine, which was far more reliable and powerful than the ageing Liberty engine used in earlier British Cruiser designs like the
159:
1870:
1865:
584:
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The 17-pounder gun mounted on the Challenger offered sufficient performance against the majority of German AFVs, including the
163:
938:
The Rolls-Royce Meteor - Cromwell and other applications; Historical Series No. 35 published by the Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust
641:
1875:
1814:
1182:
449:, it was found that although it would be effective at long range against the current best-gunned tank in German service (the
1809:
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502:
120:
1929:
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1997:
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67:
61:
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301:
2100:
78:
1835:
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1824:
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604:, before the design went into production; as a result, the A30 could not be landed in the initial phase of the
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resulted in a tank with a powerful weapon and reduced armour. However, the extemporised 17-pounder
332:
1940:
1613:
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problems with camouflage. The vehicle was dropped from trials in 1950, along with removal of the
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The tank was rendered obsolete when the Vickers HV 75 mm gun was developed to become the
1975:
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1728:
1475:
1343:
1313:
609:
2012:
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used it (Unit Entitlements at the end of 1944 for CIABG was four Challengers) during the
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389:
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gave the British a powerful, reliable engine, which was used in the A27M Cruiser Mk VIII
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2018:
1964:
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589:
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17:
2083:
2049:
2023:
1981:
1945:
1785:
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1400:
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703:
680:
546:
470:
381:
369:
134:
39:
35:
31:
2087:
1924:
1500:
1379:
601:
482:
437:. Birmingham Carriage had to modify the Cromwell hull to take a bigger turret.
2067:
1903:
1819:
1522:
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1445:
1371:
1330:
459:
384:
units. The design compromises made in fitting the large gun onto the Cromwell
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1573:
1363:
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450:
564:
The Challenger was based on the reliable Cromwell tank, which used the new
1969:
1450:
554:
446:
217:
549:
and the tank had a higher top speed and cross country mobility than the
542:
454:
442:
385:
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and on the Tank Board, despite his lack of experience in tank design.
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1508:
486:(actually 3 inch = 76.2 mm calibre) to arm the Comet tank. The
2079:
830:
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_cruiser_tank_A29.html
702:
583:
501:
466:
221:
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were fitted with the 17 pounder, creating the interim 17 pounder
2097:
British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II
2039:
2034:
1321:
1151:
695:
may have been corrected had effort not been moved to the Comet.
1282:
46:
1128:. AFV/Weapons series. Windsor: Profile Publications Limited.
868:
866:
864:
862:
401:
The driving force in the development of the Challenger was
353:
1126:
British and Commonwealth Armoured Formations (1919–46)
929:
Note from Service Engineer, 15.11.44; AA.2/JB.11.11.44
2110:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
608:. Challenger crews had to wait until July 1944, when
417:. Robotham's contributions gained him a place in the
661:
was a development of the Challenger to be used as a
2090:, field conversions of vehicles of various origins
1957:
1912:
1889:
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1710:
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1629:
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111:
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256:5 (Commander, gunner, loader, co-loader, driver)
1096:(2nd US ed.), Arco Publishing, p. 204
431:Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Company
183:Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Company
2158:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944
1339:Light tank Mk I, Mk II, Mk III, Mk IV and Mk V
612:were operational and ports had been captured.
1294:
908:Track Throwing, 15.11.44; Rm/GB.5/SW.15.11.44
691:(re-gunned US M10 GMC- equipped with 17pdr).
638:1st Czechoslovak Independent Armoured Brigade
8:
1101:Evans; McWilliams; Whitworth; Birch (2004).
376:anti-tank gun on a chassis derived from the
744:The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II
1707:
1556:
1326:
1301:
1287:
1279:
1094:British and American Tanks of World War II
1092:Chamberlain, Peter; Ellis, Chris (1981) ,
108:
97:Learn how and when to remove this message
2148:World War II tanks of the United Kingdom
1028:
960:
951:quoting Six Monthly RAC Progress Reports
896:
872:
853:
841:
817:
805:
770:
60:This article includes a list of general
2117:
1998:Bedford Cockatrice and Heavy Cockatrice
1048:. Surviving Panzers website. p. 39
1041:Pierre-Olivier Buan (25 October 2011).
734:
30:Not to be confused with the much later
1004:
718:in the Netherlands, acquired from the
636:receiving several in mid-1945 and the
1072:AFV Profile No. 25 Cromwell and Comet
975:Československé tankové síly 1945-1992
793:
7:
917:
884:
594:Sint-Michielsgestel, the Netherlands
248:9 ft 1.25 in (2.77 m)
2143:Cruiser tanks of the United Kingdom
524:To limit the weight, the amount of
240:9 ft 6.5 in (2.91 m)
1987:Australian experimental light tank
1354:Light tank Mk VIII 'Harry Hopkins'
1312:armoured fighting vehicles of the
380:to add anti-tank firepower to the
271:20–102 mm (0.79–4.02 in)
232:26 ft 4 in (8.03 m)
66:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
714:Two vehicles survive, one at the
515:turret. To fit the larger weapon
2120:
1238:. No. 70. After the Battle.
1079:Boyd, David (31 December 2008).
160:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
119:
113:Tank, Cruiser, Challenger (A30)
51:
1871:Morris Light Reconnaissance Car
1866:Humber Light Reconnaissance Car
1815:Marmon-Herrington Armoured Cars
1171:Cromwell Cruiser Tank 1942–1950
366:Tank, Cruiser, Challenger (A30)
164:Polish Armed Forces in the West
1876:Otter Light Reconnaissance Car
977:. Prague: Grada. p. 186.
832: ; retrieved 18 June 2016
642:siege of Dunkirk in late 1944.
197:
1:
2002:
1245:Silver Ghosts and Silver Dawn
506:Cruiser tank Challenger (A30)
125:Cruiser tank Challenger (A30)
2153:World War II tank destroyers
1899:AEC Armoured Command Vehicle
1081:"The Challenger Tank (A.30)"
1017:Chamberlain & Ellis 1981
634:1st Polish Armoured Division
588:A Challenger tank crosses a
1810:Lanchester 6×4 armoured car
606:Allied invasion of Normandy
2174:
1349:Light tank Mk VII Tetrarch
1107:Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust
973:Francev, Vladimír (2012).
600:No provision was made for
358:32 mph (51 km/h)
29:
2101:Tanks in the British Army
2058:
1043:"Surviving Cruiser Tanks"
1031:, pp. 162, 191, 275.
592:over the Dommel river in
458:until the arrival of the
348:105 mi (169 km)
260:
141:Place of origin
118:
27:British WWII cruiser tank
1836:Rover Light Armoured Car
1831:Rolls-Royce armoured car
1825:Rhino Heavy Armoured Car
1243:Robotham, W. A. (1970).
1169:Fletcher, David (2006).
618:Guards Armoured Division
1219:British Tanks 1915–1945
1070:Bingham, James (1971).
659:SP 17pdr, A30 (Avenger)
510:The turret mounted the
403:William Arthur Robotham
324:18.8 hp (14 kW) / tonne
81:more precise citations.
1842:Staghound Armoured Car
1804:Indian Pattern Carrier
1786:Greyhound Armoured Car
1762:Boarhound Armoured Car
1536:Vickers Medium Mark II
1194:"The Other Challenger"
1103:The Rolls-Royce Meteor
742:Bishop, Chris (1998).
720:Muzeeaquarium Delfzijl
711:
622:11th Armoured Division
597:
512:Ordnance QF 17-pounder
507:
368:was a British tank of
284:Ordnance QF 17 pounder
1993:Basilisk Armoured Car
1958:Experimental vehicles
1770:Coventry Armoured Car
1230:Royall, Tim (2000). "
1217:White, B. T. (1963).
1124:Crow, Duncan (1972).
1074:. Profile Publishing.
724:Bovington Tank Museum
706:
626:7th Armoured Division
587:
505:
409:aircraft engine. The
1935:C15TA Armoured Truck
1775:Daimler Armoured Car
1436:Centaur and Cromwell
1310:British Commonwealth
949:The Other Challenger
302:Browning machine gun
18:A30 Avenger SP 17pdr
1859:Reconnaissance cars
1850:Standard Beaverette
1799:Humber Armoured Car
1274:whatifmodellers.com
1236:Wheels & Tracks
1204:on 11 November 2001
875:, pp. 162–167.
716:Overloon War Museum
709:Overloon War Museum
435:Stothert & Pitt
333:Christie suspension
1941:Leyland Beaver-Eel
1631:Armoured personnel
1614:M10 tank destroyer
1148:The Universal Tank
748:Barnes & Noble
712:
663:self-propelled gun
598:
596:. 27 October 1944.
566:Rolls-Royce Meteor
508:
419:Ministry of Supply
411:Rolls-Royce Meteor
407:Rolls-Royce Merlin
314:V-12 petrol engine
312:Rolls-Royce Meteor
174:Production history
42:main battle tanks.
2108:
2107:
1976:AC3 'Thunderbolt'
1885:
1884:
1688:Universal Carrier
1625:
1624:
1604:17pdr SP Achilles
1544:
1543:
1198:Shermanic Firefly
1175:Osprey Publishing
1135:978-0-853-83081-8
1085:wwiiequipment.com
757:978-0-7607-1022-7
689:17pdr SP Achilles
610:Mulberry harbours
372:. It mounted the
362:
361:
107:
106:
99:
16:(Redirected from
2165:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2116:
1890:Armoured command
1794:Guy Armoured Car
1780:Fox Armoured Car
1757:AEC Armoured Car
1729:Humber scout car
1708:
1557:
1344:Light tank Mk VI
1327:
1314:Second World War
1303:
1296:
1289:
1280:
1258:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1200:. Archived from
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1088:
1075:
1058:
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739:
707:A30 Challenger,
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88:
82:
77:this article by
68:inline citations
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2013:Bob Semple tank
1953:
1946:White Scout Car
1913:Armoured trucks
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1891:
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1854:
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1723:Dingo scout car
1701:
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1531:Sherman Firefly
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897:Robotham (1970)
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854:Fletcher (2006)
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818:Fletcher (1993)
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771:Fletcher (2006)
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655:A30 Avenger SP2
651:
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475:Sherman Firefly
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390:Sherman Firefly
345:
343:
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316:600 hp (450 kW)
315:
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157:United Kingdom
149:Service history
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73:Please help to
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1990:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1734:Lynx Scout Car
1731:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1705:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1550:Self-propelled
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1468:Infantry tanks
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1411:Cruiser Mk III
1408:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1263:External links
1261:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1240:
1227:
1214:
1189:
1183:
1166:
1160:
1140:
1134:
1121:
1115:
1098:
1089:
1076:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1033:
1021:
1009:
990:
983:
965:
953:
940:
931:
922:
910:
901:
899:, p. 165.
889:
877:
858:
846:
844:, p. 159.
834:
822:
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798:
775:
763:
756:
750:. p. 27.
733:
731:
728:
700:
697:
650:
647:
581:
578:
538:
535:
499:
496:
492:Centurion tank
398:
395:
360:
359:
356:
354:Maximum speed
350:
349:
346:
341:
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337:
330:
326:
325:
322:
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208:Specifications
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176:
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171:
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168:Czechoslovakia
155:
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144:United Kingdom
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59:
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50:
26:
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14:
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3:
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2103:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2085:
2084:South African
2081:
2077:
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2060:
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2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
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1971:
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1947:
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1918:
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1911:
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1752:
1750:Armoured cars
1748:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:Daimler Dingo
1716:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:armoured cars
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:M9 half-track
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:M5 half-track
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:M3 half-track
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:M2 half-track
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
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1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Cruiser Mk IV
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Cruiser Mk II
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1393:Cruiser tanks
1390:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:Vickers 6-ton
1357:
1355:
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1281:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1254:0-09-456690-9
1250:
1247:. Constable.
1246:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1161:0-11-290534-X
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1116:1-872922-24-4
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:Robotham 1970
1025:
1022:
1019:, p. 48.
1018:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:Royall (2000)
1001:
999:
997:
995:
991:
986:
984:9788024740294
980:
976:
969:
966:
963:, p. 47.
962:
957:
954:
950:
944:
941:
935:
932:
926:
923:
920:, p. 34.
919:
914:
911:
905:
902:
898:
893:
890:
886:
881:
878:
874:
873:Robotham 1970
869:
867:
865:
863:
859:
855:
850:
847:
843:
842:Robotham 1970
838:
835:
831:
826:
823:
819:
814:
811:
808:, p. 38.
807:
802:
799:
796:, p. 54.
795:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
776:
773:, p. 42.
772:
767:
764:
759:
753:
749:
745:
738:
735:
729:
727:
725:
721:
717:
710:
705:
698:
696:
692:
690:
684:
682:
678:
672:
669:
666:
664:
660:
656:
648:
646:
643:
639:
635:
629:
627:
623:
619:
613:
611:
607:
603:
595:
591:
590:Bailey bridge
586:
579:
577:
573:
571:
570:Crusader tank
567:
562:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
536:
534:
530:
527:
521:
518:
513:
504:
497:
495:
493:
484:
478:
476:
472:
471:Sherman tanks
468:
463:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
438:
436:
432:
427:
426:General Staff
422:
420:
416:
415:Cromwell tank
412:
408:
404:
396:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Cromwell tank
375:
374:QF 17-pounder
371:
367:
357:
351:
347:
339:
336:6 road wheels
334:
331:
327:
323:
319:
313:
310:
306:
303:
299:
291:
285:
282:
274:
270:
268:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
202:
195:
191:
187:
184:
181:
177:
172:
169:
165:
161:
156:
152:
147:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
122:
117:
110:
101:
98:
90:
80:
76:
70:
69:
63:
58:
49:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2095:Background:
2094:
2063:
2024:Hillman Gnat
2008:Black Prince
1948:
1844:
1788:
1764:
1740:S1 Scout Car
1677:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1646:Loyd Carrier
1616:
1576:
1525:
1511:
1501:Medium tanks
1440:
1401:Cruiser Mk I
1382:
1374:
1366:
1364:M3/M5 Stuart
1244:
1235:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:the original
1197:
1192:Hayward, M.
1170:
1147:
1125:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1071:
1050:. Retrieved
1036:
1024:
1012:
974:
968:
956:
948:
943:
934:
925:
913:
904:
892:
880:
849:
837:
825:
813:
801:
794:White (1963)
766:
746:. New York:
743:
737:
713:
693:
685:
673:
670:
667:
658:
654:
652:
630:
614:
599:
574:
563:
559:
547:Panther tank
540:
531:
522:
516:
509:
479:
464:
439:
423:
400:
382:cruiser tank
370:World War II
365:
363:
321:Power/weight
154:Used by
135:Cruiser tank
93:
84:
65:
44:
40:Challenger 3
36:Challenger 2
32:Challenger 1
2088:New Zealand
1925:Bedford OXA
1380:M24 Chaffee
1331:Light tanks
602:deep wading
537:Performance
342:Operational
220:(32.0
200: built
79:introducing
2137:Categories
2072:Australian
2068:lend-lease
1904:Guy Lizard
1820:Morris CS9
1711:Scout cars
1698:Scout cars
1481:Matilda II
1441:Challenger
1421:Covenanter
1372:M22 Locust
1184:1841768146
1064:References
1052:5 November
679:(SP1) and
329:Suspension
62:references
2066:American
2029:Schofield
2019:Excelsior
1920:Armadillo
1592:anti-tank
1552:artillery
1517:Grizzly I
1509:Grant/Lee
1491:Churchill
1486:Valentine
1476:Matilda I
1223:Ian Allan
918:Crow 1972
885:Boyd 2008
699:Survivors
551:Panzer IV
460:A34 Comet
451:Panzer IV
294:Secondary
288:42 rounds
286:(76.2 mm)
218:long tons
192:1944–1945
87:July 2016
2076:Canadian
2045:Tortoise
1892:vehicles
1683:Terrapin
1641:Kangaroo
1633:carriers
1457:Sentinel
1431:Cavalier
1426:Crusader
1146:(1993).
947:Hayward
649:Variants
620:and the
555:StuG III
488:77 mm HV
483:77 mm HV
447:Lulworth
296:armament
279:armament
189:Produced
179:Designer
2050:Valiant
2003:Avenger
1523:Sherman
683:(SP3).
580:Service
543:Tiger I
455:Vickers
443:Tiger I
397:History
386:chassis
75:improve
2113:Portal
2080:Indian
1982:Alecto
1609:Archer
1599:Deacon
1582:Sexton
1574:Priest
1569:Bishop
1251:
1232:
1208:24 May
1181:
1158:
1132:
1113:
981:
754:
681:Alecto
677:Archer
526:armour
498:Design
308:Engine
267:Armour
245:Height
229:Length
64:, but
38:, and
2082:, SA
2062:Key:
2040:TOG 2
2035:TOG 1
1930:Bison
1561:field
1446:Comet
1322:Tanks
1269:OnWar
1046:(PDF)
730:Notes
467:D-Day
344:range
300:0.30
237:Width
216:31.5
2086:, ¶
2078:, §
2074:, ‡
2070:, †
1249:ISBN
1210:2004
1179:ISBN
1156:ISBN
1152:HMSO
1130:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1054:2011
979:ISBN
752:ISBN
653:The
545:and
424:The
364:The
277:Main
253:Crew
213:Mass
131:Type
1970:AC4
1965:A20
1700:and
1451:Ram
1234:".
657:or
553:or
517:and
203:200
198:No.
2139::
2099:,
1221:.
1196:.
1177:.
1173:.
1154:.
1150:.
1109:.
1105:.
1083:.
993:^
861:^
778:^
726:.
494:.
469:,
34:,
2115::
2064:*
2031:¶
2015:¶
1989:†
1978:†
1972:†
1949:*
1937:‡
1878:‡
1845:*
1838:†
1827:†
1806:§
1789:*
1782:‡
1765:*
1742:†
1736:‡
1725:†
1678:*
1670:*
1662:*
1654:*
1617:*
1584:‡
1577:*
1526:*
1519:‡
1512:*
1459:†
1453:‡
1383:*
1375:*
1367:*
1302:e
1295:t
1288:v
1257:.
1225:.
1212:.
1187:.
1164:.
1138:.
1119:.
1087:.
1056:.
1007:.
987:.
887:.
856:.
820:.
760:.
224:)
222:t
100:)
94:(
89:)
85:(
71:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
