475:, as Orosius reported it in a rhetorical history that was explicitly written "against pagans" (it was completed in 417/18) has been doubted. Antonio Marchetta concludes that the words are indeed Athaulf's and distinguishes them from their interpretation by Orosius, who was preparing his readers for a conclusion that Christian times were felicitous and who attributed Athaulf's apparent change of heart to the power of his love for Galla Placidia, the instrument of divine intervention in God's plan for an eternal Roman Empire. Marchetta finds the marriage instead an act of hard-headed politics.
386:"At first I wanted to erase the Roman name and convert all Roman territory into a Gothic empire: I longed for Romania to become Gothia, and Athaulf to be what Caesar Augustus had been. But long experience has taught me that the ungoverned wildness of the Goths will never submit to laws, and that without law a state is not a state. Therefore I have more prudently chosen the different glory of reviving the Roman name with Gothic vigour, and I hope to be acknowledged by posterity as the initiator of a Roman restoration, since it is impossible for me to alter the character of this Empire"
929:
281:, and who had remained with the Visigoths after he'd been deposed—Athaulf led his followers out of Italy. Moving north into a momentarily pacified Gaul, the Visigoths lived off the countryside in the usual way. Athaulf may have received some additional encouragement in the form of payments in gold from the Emperor Honorius—since Athaulf carried with him as a respected hostage the emperor's half-sister
47:
163:
335:
in Africa. Heraclianus stopped the grain shipments from Africa, which prevented the emperor from delivering on his promise to provide the
Visigoths in Gaul. Athaulf, in turn, refused to release Galla Placidia and his army resumed their hostilities against the Romans, taking the cities of Narbonne,
425:
In
Hispania, Athaulf imprudently accepted into his service one of the late Sarus' followers, unaware that the man harbored a secret desire to avenge the death of his beloved patron. And so, in the palace at
440:. Under the latter's reign, Galla Placidia was returned to Ravenna where, in 417, at the urging of Honorius, she remarried, her new husband being the implacable enemy of the Goths, Constantius.
417:
Galla
Placidia traveled with Athaulf. Their son, Theodosius, died in infancy and was buried in Hispania in a silver-plated coffin, thus eliminating an opportunity for a Romano-Visigothic line.
296:
and some of his men. Athaulf attacked, captured, and later executed Sarus, continuing the feud between their families that had begun with Sarus and Alaric. Jovinus then named his brother
359:(Forum Livii). The nuptials were celebrated with high Roman festivities and magnificent gifts from the Gothic booty. Priscus Attalus gave the wedding speech, a classical
601:(Rome: Istituto Isorico per il Medio Evo) 1987. The first chapter deals with the doubts raised by previous historians as to the authenticity of the discourse.
308:
was captured, and
Jovinus fled for his life. Athaulf then turned Sebastianus over for execution to Honorius' Gallic praetorian prefect (provincial governor),
720:
266:. There Constantine and his son were offered an honorable capitulation— but were beheaded in September on their way to pay homage to Honorius at
988:
241:
968:
378:, his relationship with Roman culture was summed up, from a Catholic Roman perspective, by the words that the contemporary Christian apologist
983:
336:
Tolosa and BurdĂgala (present-day
Bordeaux). In an attempt to conquer the city of Marseille, Ataulf was injured in a Roman attack led by
973:
632:
581:"Review of: Silver and Society in Late Antiquity. Functions and Meanings of Silver Plate in the Fourth to the Seventh Centuries"
55:
366:
Under
Athaulf's rule, the Visigoths couldn't be said to be masters of a settled kingdom until Athaulf took possession of
436:, the brother of Sarus, immediately became king—for a mere seven days, when he was also murdered and succeeded by
300:(Sebastian) as Augustus (co-emperor). This offended Athaulf, who hadn't been consulted. So he allied his Visigoths with
958:
953:
343:
Nevertheless the relations between
Athaulf and Honorius improved sufficiently for Athaulf to cement them by marrying
713:
406:
in 414. But
Constantius' naval blockade was successful and, in 415, Athaulf withdrew with his people into northern
309:
331:. Despite coming to terms with Honorius, their relationship soon deteriorated due to a new conflict caused by the
706:
255:
963:
259:
948:
615:
De
Imperatoribus Romanis: Hugh Elton, "Western Roman Emperors of the First Quarter of the Fifth Century"
202:
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460:
237:
978:
732:
456:
332:
301:
206:
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250:
229:. King Athaulf's first act was to halt Alaric's southward expansion of the Goths in Italy.
636:
619:
391:
274:
245:
59:
928:
518:
444:
379:
344:
327:
in late August, to be sent forward for displaying among other usurpers on the walls of
293:
282:
210:
122:
580:
410:. Attalus fled, fell into the hands of Constantius, and was banished to the island of
942:
650:
395:
134:
888:
878:
773:
517:"within that period he developed from a tribal chief to a late antique statesman."
360:
430:, the man brought Athaulf's reign to a sudden end by killing him while he bathed.
394:), poisoned official relations with Athaulf and gained permission to blockade the
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853:
803:
763:
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277:—the former emperor whom Alaric had set up at Rome in opposition to Honorius at
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The Goths: from the
Earliest Times to the End of the Gothic Dominion in Spain
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Once in Gaul, Athaulf opened negotiations with a new usurper, the Gallic
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In the spring of 412 Constantius pressed Athaulf. Taking the advice of
267:
221:
He was unanimously elected to the throne to succeed his brother-in-law
162:
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93:
758:
437:
411:
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The heads of Sebastianus and Jovinus arrived at Honorius' court in
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893:
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508:(New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, Second edition, 1883), chapter 11.
312:. After this, Athaulf besieged and captured Jovinus at Valentia (
918:
399:
233:
702:
390:
Honorius's general Constantius (who would later become Emperor
599:
Orosio e Athaulfo nell'ideologia dei rapporti romano-barbarici
402:. In reply, Athaulf acclaimed Priscus Attalus as Augustus in
292:. But while on his way to meet Jovinus, Athaulf came across
620:
Septimane Wisigothique: "D'oĂą venaient les Wisigoths?"
205:
from 411 to 415. During his reign, he transformed the
628:
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,
209:
from a tribal kingdom to a major political power of
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140:
128:
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107:
99:
89:
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71:
32:
225:, who had been struck down by a fever suddenly in
443:The main sources for the career of Athaulf are
262:, crushed the Gallic rebellion with a siege of
566:(vii.43.4-6), translated in Stephen Williams,
714:
471:The authenticity of Athaulf's declaration at
254:(master of military) of the western emperor,
8:
382:put into his mouth, Athaulf's Declaration:
304:. Jovinus' troops were defeated in battle,
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707:
699:
641:
495:(Ontario: Broadview Press Ltd., 2003), 97.
45:
29:
201:370 – 15 August 415) was
539:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 198.
484:
320:), where he was executed by Dardanus.
374:in 413. Although Athaulf remained an
7:
25:
568:Diocletian and the Roman Recovery
355:says he married her in Italy, at
285:, who had long been his captive.
927:
570:, Routledge, 1985, 2000, p. 218)
316:) in 413, sending him to Narbo (
258:, with Gothic auxiliaries under
989:5th-century Visigothic monarchs
52:Athaulf, king of the Visigoths
1:
969:5th-century murdered monarchs
198:
984:5th-century Arian Christians
493:Readings in Medieval History
236:had been separated from the
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974:Assassinated Gothic people
585:Bryn Mawr Classical Review
564:Historiae adversum paganos
310:Claudius Postumus Dardanus
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687:
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537:Goths and Romans: 332-489
256:Flavius Augustus Honorius
44:
37:
525:(1979, tr. 1988) p. 164.
447:, the chronicles of the
535:Heather, Peter (1991).
491:Patrick J. Geary, ed.,
167:
681:King of the Visigoths
203:king of the Visigoths
165:
39:King of the Visigoths
27:King of the Visigoths
523:History of the Goths
461:Prosper of Aquitaine
351:in January 414, but
238:Western Roman Empire
597:Antonio Marchetta,
421:Death and aftermath
56:Raimundo de Madrazo
959:Christian monarchs
954:Theodosian dynasty
635:2004-09-14 at the
333:War of Heraclianus
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688:Succeeded by
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244:. So in 411
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884:Recceswinth
854:Reccared II
804:Theudigisel
764:Theodoric I
622:(in French)
467:Declaration
457:Augustine's
306:Sebastianus
298:Sebastianus
246:Constantius
232:Meanwhile,
80:Predecessor
979:415 deaths
943:Categories
829:Reccared I
814:Athanagild
769:Thorismund
730:Visigothic
630:chapter 31
549:Jordanes,
479:References
459:disciple,
449:Gallaecian
338:Bonifatius
119:1) Unknown
824:Liuvigild
784:Alaric II
562:Orosius,
428:Barcelona
398:ports of
195:Ataulphus
191:Latinized
145:Athanaric
90:Successor
58:, 1858. (
18:Ataulphus
914:Agila II
869:Chintila
864:Sisenand
859:Suintila
844:Gundemar
839:Witteric
834:Liuva II
794:Amalaric
744:Alaric I
685:410–415
674:Alaric I
633:Archived
473:Narbonne
453:Hydatius
408:Hispania
404:Bordeaux
372:Toulouse
368:Narbonne
353:Jordanes
329:Carthage
318:Narbonne
302:Honorius
227:Calabria
175:Athavulf
155:Arianism
151:Religion
84:Alaric I
909:Roderic
904:Wittiza
849:Sisebut
819:Liuva I
809:Agila I
799:Theudis
789:Gesalec
754:Sigeric
749:Athaulf
691:Sigeric
646:Athaulf
553:, XXXI.
451:bishop
434:Sigeric
380:Orosius
325:Ravenna
314:Valence
290:Jovinus
279:Ravenna
268:Ravenna
260:Ulfilas
179:Atawulf
171:Athaulf
166:Athaulf
130:Dynasty
94:Sigeric
75:411–415
33:Athaulf
759:Wallia
656:
438:Wallia
412:Lipari
248:, the
223:Alaric
183:Ataulf
173:(also
141:Father
116:Spouse
103:c. 370
64:Madrid
899:Egica
894:Erwig
889:Wamba
874:Tulga
779:Euric
733:kings
658:Died:
357:Forlì
349:Narbo
294:Sarus
264:Arles
187:Adolf
181:, or
72:Reign
54:, by
919:Ardo
400:Gaul
370:and
234:Gaul
217:Life
185:and
108:Died
100:Born
660:415
347:at
340:.
197:) (
193:as
121:2)
111:415
945::
583:.
521:,
463:.
414:.
363:.
270:.
213:.
199:c.
189:,
177:,
66:).
62:,
722:e
715:t
708:v
587:.
20:)
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