Attack on the Gommecourt Salient

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and trapped the British on the far side all day, as German infantry gradually recaptured the lost trenches; attempts to send reinforcements from the British lines were costly failures. The 46th (North Midland) Division attack on the north side of the salient had even less success, a smoke screen led the attackers to lose direction as their advance was slowed by deep mud. Some parties of the 137th Brigade got into the German front line and parties of the 139th Brigade reached the second line but German small arms and barrage-fire on no man's land by artillery trapped the attackers and isolated them from their supports. The parties who got across no man's land were surrounded and destroyed, a few men being taken prisoner. The 46th (North Midland) Division had the fewest casualties of the 13 British divisions which attacked on 1 July, which got Montagu-Stuart-Wortley sacked (

1557:, intended to end the war in 1916, by splitting the Anglo-French Entente, before its material superiority became unbeatable. Falkenhayn planned to defeat the large amount of reserves which the Entente could move into the path of a breakthrough, by threatening a sensitive point close to the existing front line, to provoke the French into costly counter-attacks against fortified German positions. Falkenhayn chose to attack towards Verdun, to take the Meuse Heights and make the city untenable. The French would have to conduct a counter-offensive on ground dominated by the Germans and ringed with masses of heavy artillery, leading to huge losses, bringing the French army close to collapse. The British would mount a hasty and equally-costly relief offensive, which Falkenhayn expected to occur south of Arras and be destroyed by the 2804:, that RIR 55 gave the best exhibition of minor tactics that he had seen in two world wars, then let the 56th (1st London) Division recover wounded, helping some to get back to the British lines. In 2005, Prior and Wilson wrote that the diversion succeeded to the extent that an extra German division was moved into the front line but the defence of the salient was based on artillery rather than infantry. No guns were moved to counter the British threat and Prior and Wilson wrote that a feint would have been sufficient. In 2013, Ralph Whitehead wrote that the British attack diverted German units but two of the five regiments that defended Gommecourt had negligible losses and were available for re-deployment. For about 2736:

be holding out in the German front line. The Lincoln reached the German wire, found it uncut and the trenches full of alert German troops, who sent up flares and opened fire as soon as they detected the British movement. The British were ordered to lie down and wait, eventually being ordered back, the 1/5th Lincoln suffering many losses but managing to bring back their wounded. Collecting wounded was most difficult until after midnight, when as dawn appeared, the 2nd Guard Reserve Division again gave assistance, hoisting a Red Cross flag opposite the 46th (North Midland) Division. Both sides sent out parties to rescue the wounded and nearly all of the British survivors were taken in.

2292:

battalions were through quickly, only the two battalions following in support and reserve being delayed. The British got into the German front trench with seconds to spare and the remnants of the front position except for Nameless Farm captured. The Germans in the third trench had been able to emerge from shelter and were overrun by rifle fire and rushes by parties, troops moving up communication trenches eventually overcoming the defenders but Nameless Farm was never captured. The farm cellars had been fortified and with shell-hole positions and part of a trench behind, the garrison held out, tired the attackers and reduced their supply of grenades.

210: 2417:

slowed the advance. The Germans emerged from shelter when the British were only halfway across. The troops who managed to advance across no man's land found that the German wire was smashed about, uncut or had been repaired. The Germans were deployed nearly as soon as the British guns lifted and German barrage fire began on the British lines. The German shelling was so bad that the third wave was ordered up communication trenches instead of advancing in the open. Before the wave managed to leave the advanced trench, the German barrage began to fall on no man's land and increase in intensity. German machine-gun fire from The

2148:, trench mortars and machine-guns were to fire on either side of the Monchy Salient. The bombardments were gradually to increase and the divisional artillery was to bombard German positions, roads and the vicinity of Essarts. Smoke was to be released five minutes before zero hour and infantry were to be held ready to support the 46th (North Midland) Division. VII Corps made no attempt at concealment and in the middle of June the 2nd Guard Reserve Division and its six heavy artillery batteries moved up between the 52nd and 111th divisions. Four days before zero hour, Snow told Haig that "They know we are coming all right". 2099:-lbe communication trench) The 169th Brigade was to reach the third trench from Fame to Fellow and Feud, to Gommecourt cemetery on the left of the 168th Brigade and make three strong points on the left flank near the cemetery, the south-west corner of The Maze and the south of Gommecourt Park. The brigade was then to move forward on the left to the Quadrilateral, a strong point behind the 1st Switch Line east of The Maze. Later on it was to advance and rendezvous with the right of the 46th (North Midland) Division, where Indus Trench cut through the 1st Switch Line at Fillet and Fill. 1621: 1690:, Falkenhayn continued his policy of unyielding defence. On the Somme front Falkenhayn's construction plan of January 1915 had been completed. Barbed wire obstacles had been enlarged from one belt 5–10 yd (4.6–9.1 m) wide to two belts, 30 yd (27 m) wide and about 15 yd (14 m) apart. Double and triple thickness wire was used and laid 3–5 ft (0.91–1.52 m) high. The front line had been increased from one trench line to a position with three trenches, 150–200 yd (140–180 m) apart, the first trench occupied by sentry groups, the second ( 2783:

reinforcements got through and the survivors eventually surrendered. Observers watching the 56th (1st London) Division area to the south saw the infantry advance under a smoke screen and fight their way through the German first, second and third lines. The German artillery barrage on no man's land increased in intensity and German infantry were seen to rally and counter-attack. In desperate fighting, the British fliers watched Germans regain the third line after noon and gradually force back the British out of the German front line by late evening.

147: 41: 2745: 1784:(CCRA) until zero hour, when the divisional HQs took back command. The corps had the 19th, 35th, 39th and 48th Heavy Artillery Groups (HAGs), the 19th and 35th firing on trenches and villages, the rest being reserved for counter-battery fire. The British artillery was unable to suppress the German heavy artillery, which was beyond the range of 60-pounders and 6-inch howitzers, leaving only the small number of super-heavy guns capable of longer-range counter-battery fire. Both British divisions were vulnerable to 2234:(Core Work, the Maze to the British), was dug in the east end of Gommecourt and equipped for all-round defence. The infantry had dug deep dugouts, many with electric lighting and underground kitchens had been built, along with accommodation for the garrisons. Most of the dugouts were connected so that men and equipment could be moved around, safe from bombardment. RGR 77 held the ground to the north end of the village to the junction with the 111th Division. In the centre, RIR 91 occupied sectors 2421:, a spur beyond the left flank of the attack was most effective, few of the rear British waves got across and parts of the first three waves either stayed in the British front line or sought cover in no man's land. The leading troops of the 1/6th South and the 1/6th North Staffordshire were caught by flanking fire from the south but got to the German wire and were shot down or killed with hand grenades. A few men broke into the front trench but unsupported, were forced out or destroyed. 2256:

the village, the barbed wire in front of RIR 91 had been badly cut and the trenches flattened but most of the dugouts remained intact, including one penetrated by a heavy shell which failed to detonate. In the village, the British bombardment caused only fifty casualties (six killed) to RIR 55 and on 1 July, the bombardment rose to a new height of intensity, particularly on sectors G1 and G5, which were also hit by trench mortars, which was taken to mean that the attack was imminent.

3037: 1728: 132: 2553:

Wood. The 5th and 6th companies of II Battalion, RGR 91 counter-attacked over the open, knocked out the Lewis gun and pushed back the British to the front trench, then back through the wire, from where a few of the British managed to get away. On the right flank of RIR 55, the troops in G1 got out of their dug-outs quickly and opened rapid fire on the British, causing many casualties but not stopping some troops getting into

2140:

jumping-off position. Assembly trenches dug 150 yd (140 m) behind the British front line had also been ruined by the heavy rains and tapes were laid the night before the attack to help the second and later waves to align. Four minutes before zero the second wave was to advance from the front line and take post 80 yd (73 m) behind the first wave; the rest of the waves were to follow in the open.

1465: 2949: 2559:. Quickly a platoon of the 2nd Company RIR 55 counter-attacked in the open and overran the party, taking a few prisoners. As the smoke dispersed, the Germans regained the view over the British lines and small-arms fire combined with the German standing barrage in no man's land, prevented reinforcements crossing. By noon, reports began to arrive from the front line that the position had been restored. 1714:) about 1,000 yd (910 m) behind the front line was also built. Communication trenches ran back to the reserve line, renamed the second position, which was as well built and wired as the first position. The second position was beyond the range of Allied field artillery, to force an attacker to delay the infantry advance until sufficient guns and ammunition had been brought forward. 2318:

infantry but the 6th and 8th companies of RIR 55 saw then in time to deploy and begin rapid fire and send SOS signals to the artillery, which drove back the British. A platoon on the left of the 8th Company was trapped in their dugout and overrun before they could dig themselves out. Only a few men were able to prepare a trench block but they managed to repulse the British attacking from

2590:

the guns continued to barrage the communication and switch trenches, along which German reinforcements were seen moving all day. Reconnaissance reports from British aircrew were deemed too vague to attempt artillery support. The four 18-pounders and the howitzer battery which came under the command of the 169th Brigade after zero hour were also bombarding German reinforcements. At

2460:

50–70 yd (46–64 m) deep along the German front line; the 300–400 yd (270–370 m) of no man's land in between being bare. Brigadier-General Shipley decided to delay until enough smoke bombs had been obtained. Before long it was realised that brigade operations were impossible and Montagu-Stuart-Wortley decided to co-ordinate a divisional attack at

217: 2309:

reinforcements that got across to the German side were cut off by the German standing barrages on no man's land and the captured trenches. Carrying parties tried to cross with ammunition and bombs but were killed and from the front and flanks, German troops began to move towards the 168th and 169th brigade troops, who could not man a continuous line.

2144:

from right to left and an advanced trench was dug, similar to the one dug by the 56th (1st London) Division. Periodic smoke and gas discharges were to be made and wire-cutting bombardments fired. Moving the gas cylinders was so difficult that batmen, grooms and other non-combatant troops were pressed into service. For five days before

2391:(South Trench). In the smoke and dust, with the telephone lines cut the Germans used runners to report to battalion headquarters and the various commanders issued counter-attack orders in ignorance of each other's decisions. BIR 170 had similar trouble when the initial British rush led to N1 being rolled up from the left around 2839:(Schwaben Redoubt), Thiepval, Ovillers and Pozières from 8 to 22 July. RIR 91 was ordered to the Somme on 10 July and two companies took part in an abortive counter-attack from Bazentin Wood on 12 July, suffering many casualties. In August, I Battalion, RGR 15 fought at Martinpuich, the II Battalion at 3129:

Falkenhayn implied after the war, that the psychology of German soldiers, shortage of manpower and lack of reserves made the policy inescapable, since the troops necessary to seal off breakthroughs did not exist. High losses incurred in holding ground by a policy of no retreat were preferable to even

2696:

In N3 the British held all three trenches near Bock Farm (Nameless Farm to the British) and during the afternoon tried to reinforce the troops in the German lines but each attempt was a costly failure and a German medical officer appeared under a white flag and offered a truce to bring in the wounded

2572:

About thirteen German infantry companies began to counter-attack the 56th (1st London) Division lodgement with short bursts of intense artillery-fire followed by infantry bombing attacks. One or two guns about 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) south-east of the top of Puisieux valley firing in

2407:

but the defenders, who had been forced out of the first trench managed to hold on. The rest of the 5th Company, BIR 170 held the left side of N3 and those in N4 repulsed the British attack as the German artillery barraged no man's land and prevented reinforcements moving to the support of the British

2143:

The 37th Division on the northern (left) flank of VII Corps, held a front 4.5 mi (7.2 km) from north of Gommecourt to Ransart and was to induce the Germans to expect an attack by simulating preparations. No man's land was too wide for an attack, being 1,000–500 yd (910–460 m) deep

2126:

in support and the 1/8th Sherwood Foresters in reserve, with one battalion to hold the line between the attacking divisions; one battalion was to dig a communication trench parallel to the Foncquevillers–Gommecourt road, from the sugar mill after the attack (a start was made but German artillery fire

2042:

and nothing of the main attack depended on success at Gommecourt; success would only shorten the line by cutting off the salient. No force was provided to attack southwards to roll up the German lines to the south or capture the ridge running south-east behind the village. Snow and Allenby were ready

1814:

and then the bombardment was to move inwards to the second objective for eight minutes. The 46th (North Midland) Division field guns were to lift from the front to the support trench at zero and after three minutes to the reserve trench, five minutes after that to fall beyond the reserve trench until

1261:

on 1 July, the attack on Gommecourt began and the 56th (1st London) Division to the south, overran the first two German trenches. Troops also reached the third trench but a strongpoint at Nameless Farm held out despite several attacks. The German artillery fired a standing barrage along no man's land

2451:

up in the British front line and no man's land. Preparations began to bring back the creeping barrage but the men had to be rearranged in trenches which were crowded and full of mud, which took much time. Many of the units had suffered casualties and the 1/5th North Staffordshire had been reduced to

2450:

the 137th Brigade commander was sure that the attack was a failure and that this would add to the problems of the 139th Brigade and the 56th (1st London) Division. He decided on a new attack with the 1/5th South, 1/5th North Staffordshire and the rear waves of the 1/5th Leicester that was still held

2735:

After night fell, the 138th Brigade took over the 46th (North Midland) Division front with a battalion of the 139th Brigade attached and Brigadier-General G. C. Kemp sent the 1/5th Lincoln forward with the 1/5th Leicester as a right flank guard just after midnight, to reach the men thought still to

2723:

and re-captured. Isolated parties of British troops remained in pockets which were pushed back to the front line and some walking wounded tried to get back across no man's land, with left the last organised party of 75 men in Ferret Trench giving covering fire. The party was pushed into shell-holes

2581:

being destroyed by machine-gun fire from Gommecourt Park and the guns at Puisieux. Attempts by troops to bring in wounded to the British front line were tolerated by the Germans, a German medical officer under a white flag, saying that troops on the British side of the wire could be rescued as long

2503:

quickly enough to engage the British as they were crossing no man's land. Trench sentries had kept watch despite the artillery-fire and as soon as the bombardment lifted they gave the alarm and the men not slowed by damaged dugout entrances, took post within two minutes. The Germans sent up red SOS

2255:

On 24 June, the Germans captured a wounded soldier from a 1/5th North Staffordshire wiring party, who had been left behind and struggled towards the wrong front line. The private was interrogated, while semi-conscious through loss of blood, giving details of the British attack. On the north side of

2134:

The division was to form a pocket in the German defences north of Gommecourt from the front trench along the Fonquevillers–Gommecourt road to the north-east of Gommecourt and from there 500 yd (460 m) along Oxus Trench to angle back along Fortress, Foreign and Ouse trenches to the British

2058:

was in reserve, with two battalions detached to follow up the attacking brigades and occupy the German front line once the leading troops had moved on or provide working and carrying parties. The 168th Brigade was to capture the German third trench from Fame to Felon and set up strong points on the

2782:

German infantry were seen to emerge from dugouts and re-occupy the front line behind them and the following waves of British infantry being pinned down in no man's land, because of the barrage-fire of the German artillery, machine-gun and rifle fire. The Sherwood Foresters fought on all day but no

2589:

to the British front line. The Germans fired three barrages through the British positions followed by a counter-attack from the park, which prised the British out of the German third line. The infantry received little artillery support because VII Corps HQ had no knowledge of the German attack and

2544:

swept no man's land made it impossible for the British to cross and doomed those already in the German defences. The British mopping up parties who should have searched the dug-outs in the German front line never arrived and the parties underground who had to dig themselves out, now emerged behind

2490:

and the new smoke barrage had alerted the Germans who placed another standing barrage in no man's land. With smoke obscuration, a 150 yd (140 m) rush might have succeeded but the 350 yd (320 m) distance was impossible. None of the 1/5th and 1/7th Sherwood Foresters who got into

2303:

prisoners were escorted back but unfortunately about eighty were killed in no man's land by German artillery-fire and the rest were sent back to their dugouts. The German bombardment increased to the point that the party digging the trench to protect the right flank could not begin and many of the

1804:

Half of the guns of the HAGs firing on trenches were to lift two minutes before zero hour and the rest at zero hour to the east half of the inner flanks of the first objective at Ems Trench south of the village and Oxus Trench north of Gommecourt. The guns would then switch to the second objective

2605:

the Germans had recovered the second trench and established footings in the first trench. The 169th Brigade collected orderlies, clerks and servants to make a last attempt to get across to the British still holding out. VIII Corps had sent a message to Snow that another attack would be made after

2567:

The German success against the 46th (North Midland) Division attack left the 56th (1st London) Division dependent on the second attack being prepared by the 46th (North Midland) Division. On the 56th (1st London) Division front, German reinforcements of the 2nd Guard Reserve Division had begun to

2552:

got into the German line at X3, from where they tried to outflank X2 but the 12th Company of RGR 91 and part of the 9th Company saw the danger, outnumbered and overran the party. At X4, the British got as far as the second trench and set up a Lewis gun to fire on the north-west part of Gommecourt

2485:

shot down by machine-gun fire or shrapnel in 30 yd (27 m). On the right, the acting commander of the 1/5th South Staffordshire was wounded just before zero and giving no signal, no-one moved, all waiting for someone else to give the order. The commander of the 1/5th North Staffordshire,

2442:

by an observation crew. The Sherwood Foresters who were in the German front position were caught from behind by Germans coming up from their shelters, which should have been patrolled by the rear waves trapped in no man's land. The Germans prevented more troops from crossing into the German front

2437:

to suppress the German machine-guns. The following waves were also met by massed fire, the fourth wave never got forward as a formation and hardly any of the fifth and sixth waves got beyond the advanced trench. Contact with those who were forward was lost, despite the multiplicity of means used.

2416:

The 137th Brigade attack went wrong from the start; the smoke screen was so dense at first that men got lost and the advance was neither uniform nor simultaneous. After thirty minutes the smoke blew back and dispersed. The Germans were ready, mud around the British front line and in no man's land

2317:

Much of the wire in front of sector G5 had been cut, dug-out entrances demolished and the trenches flattened, particularly by British enfilade fire from Foncquevillers, nearly every shell hitting the trenches, making it impossible to keep sentries above ground. Smoke and dust shielded the British

2139:

when the bombardment ended, the attack on Gommecourt village was to begin. The first six waves of infantry were to start from the advanced trench dug in no man's land but it was in such poor condition that the 1/6th South Staffordshire decided to start from the front line and creep forward to the

1809:

and then move forward while the line was being consolidated. The artillery bombarding Gommecourt Park was to keep firing for three hours after zero. The 18-pounder field guns of both divisions were to fire in short lifts, those of the 56th (1st London) Division to lift at zero hour from the front

4562: 1769:. The 46th (North Midland) Division had to dig many long and deep communication trenches to counter the German observation over the area but in the 56th (1st London) Division area as far as Nameless Farm, the trenches of both sides were level, with a dip in between and a hedge along the bottom. 1517:

In January 1916, Joffre wanted the BEF to deplete German reserves by a large attack north of the Somme, on a 20,000 yd (11 mi; 18 km) front around 20 April and then attack elsewhere in May. Haig objected, since partial offensives would appear to be defeats, would not sufficiently

2958:

In January and February 1917, British attacks in the Ancre Valley had taken place against exhausted German troops holding the poor defensive positions left over from the fighting in 1916; many of the German troops in the valley were in waterlogged trenches suffering from exhaustion, intestinal

2774:

The aircraft had to fly through air disturbed by the barrage and were tossed around, then riddled with bullets when the infantry turned out to be German, three aircraft being hit by small-arms fire and made unserviceable but none shot down. An aircraft flying back from the front line to drop a

2308:

were also caught in no man's land, became casualties and could not participate in the next stage of the attack against the Quadrilateral. Some parties attacked from the third trench but only one party, moving via the cemetery, reached it where it was destroyed. The attacking battalions and the

1678:

with sixty divisions. The swift increase in the size of the British Army reduced the average level of experience within it and created an acute equipment shortage. Many officers resorted to directive command to avoid delegating to novices, yet divisional commanders were given great latitude in

2291:

having been used the night previous to cut the worst tangles. The German infantry had met the wire cutting vigorously, putting out concertina wire and fresh tangles in the gaps. Some troops had to bunch up to get through the gaps and some strayed in the smoke but the two leading 168th Brigade

2227:

The Guards had a good view of the British positions beyond no man's land, which was unusually wide; from the first line, 2nd Switch Line and the Intermediate Line, between which were many communication trenches, to allow the defenders to seal off a break in and surround the attackers. A field

1772:

Further on, both lines were on the west side of a wide valley between Rossignol Wood and Hébuterne, the British line on a forward and the German line on a reverse slope, with German artillery observation posts on the east side of the valley. The rear of the 56th (1st London) Division area was

2455:

Just after the orders were issued, the two Staffordshire battalion commanders were wounded, which caused another delay until Lieutenant-Colonel C. H. Jones (1/5th Leicester) could be found and two officers from the brigade HQ sent to assist form four waves. The man had trained for weeks for

1773:

invisible to ground observers up to Hébuterne but watched by German balloon observers. The main British posts were along the eastern fringe of Hébuterne and the ridge running south; the valley slope drained water from the area but the 46th (North Midland) Division front was flat and boggy.

2459:

The 139th Brigade had got into the German front line but sending over supplies and reinforcements could not be done without another smoke screen, since there were not even shell-holes for cover except for a 100 yd (91 m) patch in front of the British front line and a similar one

2770:

contact patrol aircraft over each division was maintained, then reduced to one aircraft only. The British infantry carried red flares to indicate their positions to the contact aeroplanes but none was ignited; the crews had to descend low enough to see the colour of troops' uniforms.

1583:

Despite the certainty by mid-June of an Anglo-French attack on the Somme against the 2nd Army, Falkenhayn sent only four divisions as reinforcements, keeping eight in the western strategic reserve. No divisions were moved from the 6th Army, despite it holding a shorter line with

2644:

the commanders of BIR 170, RIR 55, GIR 15 and GIR 77 began to plan a co-ordinated attack on the British lodgement. Major Tauscher, the commander of III Battalion RIR 55 was ordered forward from Bucquoy to expel the British from G5. Reinforcements from RGR 15 were sent along

2486:

seeing no movement, stopped the advance and waited on events. Snow, the corps commander, had heard that the 56th (1st London) Division had been repulsed, ordered the 137th Brigade attack to be cancelled, which arrived just in time, since the British re-bombardment from

2043:

to attack Gommecourt but suggested to GHQ that an operation closer to Arras would work better and be less costly. Haig rejected the alternative because it would have no influence on the German artillery close to Gommecourt, which was in range of the VIII Corps attack.

1381:, the west side of Hébuterne and the eastern fringe of Foncquevillers. On the north-west side of the salient, the German front line was below the crest of the west side of Essarts Ridge facing a shallow valley, with the British front line on the other side, which was 3183:

Later, when the German front line was seen to be full of Germans, firing at the 56th (1st London) Division troops trying to retreat over no man's land, the guns were so short of ammunition that no covering fire was provided, in case the Germans followed up with an

2477:

began the smoke bombardment and a thin continuous screen was achieved on the front of the 137th Brigade but only twenty bombs had been found for the 139th Brigade mortars and the smoke was wholly insufficient and Shipley ordered the advance to be stopped.

2870:

71 fewer than that given in the official history which is unusual, since some of the men reported missing turned up later and were removed from the list. Macdonald suggested that from his scrutiny of war diaries, regimental histories, the records of the

2401:. Attempts to get into N2 failed against accurate small-arms fire but the 5th Company, BIR 170 on the right of sector N3 were blinded by the British smoke and forced back to the third trench. Parties of British troops then swung north and attacked N2 at 3021:

day being set for five days later. The retirement was conducted in a slow and deliberate manner, through a series of defensive lines over 25 mi (40 km) at the deepest point, behind rear-guards, local counter-attacks and the demolitions of the

1447:

on 19 November but failed to capture the village after being held up by uncut wire. A diversion, the Battle of Hébuterne, was conducted by XI Corps from 7 to 13 June 1915 at Ferme Toutvent (Windy Farm), 2 mi (3.2 km) to the south, during the

2697:

which succeeded for a time and then a British gun opened fire and the rest of the wounded had to wait for dark. The headquarters of BIR 170 was eventually informed of the loss of N3 and sent forward the II Battalion and then a company from GIR 15 at

2685:, with reserves to be moved forward as they were needed. The attacks made slow progress and were costly for both sides as the British were forced back in hand-to-hand fighting. BIR 170 attacked at the same time as RIR 55, recaptured part of N2 by 2779:, spun down it and crashed but the crew escaped injury. Over the 46th (North Midland) Division, the observers watched the first waves of the Sherwood Foresters overrun the German front line and slowly reach the north end of Gommecourt Wood. 2135:

front line, with ten strong points built into the new line. The second objective was to meet the 56th (1st London) Division in the 1st Switch Line by advancing southwards from Oxus Trench along Fill Trench. At zero plus three hours

1788:

beyond the flanks of the corps, the 56th (1st London) Division from guns near Puisieux 3 mi (4.8 km) south-east of Gommecourt and the 46th (North Midland) Division from German batteries opposite the 37th Division around

1518:

reduce German reserves and give the Germans too much time to recover. On 14 February, Joffre dropped the preparatory offensives idea in favour of a combined offensive, where the French and British Armies met, astride the Somme in

1801:. The commander of the 46th (North Midland) Division directed that the German front trench was not to be bombarded so it could be used by the division and the bombardment was concentrated on the German reserve and support lines. 3130:

higher losses, voluntary withdrawals and the effect of a belief that soldiers had discretion to avoid battle. When a more flexible policy was substituted, decisions about withdrawal were still reserved for army commanders.

2059:

flanks and in the centre near Nameless Farm and dig a trench across no man's land to provide flank protection in the right. (VII Corps named German trenches systematically, on the right names were given with the spelling

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with divisional and corps artillery in support but with no fresh troops. The 137th Brigade was to attack under cover of smoke and the 139th Brigade was to send troops for carrying parties. The attack was postponed until

2456:

particular tasks and took time to realise that all that had been overtaken by events. The rear lines and the carrying parties were blocking the trenches and with the mud and German shelling could only be cleared slowly.

4075:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 1602:, indicated that Falkenhayn intended the counter-offensive against the British to be made north of the Somme once the British offensive had been shattered. If such Franco-British defeats were not enough, the 2424:

The first three waves of the 139th Brigade got into the German front line, despite many casualties and parties moved forward to the second trench, some troops straying to the left and being reported in The

684: 6137: 3008:

at Fonquevillers, received the news and B Company began to dig a communication trench across no man's land; A Company formed carrying parties to bring up supplies. Rupprecht advocated a withdrawal to the

2282:

the leading troops went over the top, through a German barrage which had begun to fall on the front, second and communication trenches. The troops moved forward to tapes in no man's land and lay down. At

2156: 6152: 4097:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: 2845:

and the rest of the 2nd Guard Reserve Division spent periods on the Somme until the end of the battle. RGR 15 returned to Gommecourt and occupied the defences from 1 September 1916 to 23 February 1917.

6336: 2032:... assist in the operations of the Fourth Army by diverting against itself the fire of artillery and infantry which might otherwise be directed against the left flank of the main attack near Serre. 281: 6789: 3105:, were to capture the German-occupied trenches south-east of Gommecourt during the night. The Australians bombed down 500 yd (460 m) of the trenches but the 2/8th West Yorks took until 2628:(a bank behind the trench protecting the occupants from fire from the rear) of the trench. German counter-attacks drove them into shell-holes near the German wire, where they held on until about 2624:

troops in the German trenches had been compressed into part of Ferret Trench 200 yd (180 m) from the park. The wounded were evacuated and the last Lewis guns set up on the parapet and

2990:

The Leicester occupied about 350 yd (320 m) of the German front line at Gommecourt and then advanced another 200 yd (180 m) with no casualties. As the Germans retreated to

1271:

The Germans retreated from the Bapaume Salient, created by the Battle of the Somme, in February 1917 and abandoned Gommecourt, which was occupied unopposed on 27 February. In 1918, during the

2585:

The British parties in the German trenches held off the German counter-attacks while their bomb supply and German grenades found in dug outs remained but by noon, the British began to signal

230: 6234: 5871: 2594:

the 168th and 169th brigade troops still held the second and first trenches and the south end of Gommecourt Park. Groups of wounded men had been filtering back across no man's land since

2356:

in the first rush but the Germans in the third trench were ready for them and were only dislodged by flanking attacks along communication trenches. The RIR 55 pioneer company with about

5035: 6313: 1650:

and the Cavalry Division, had lost most of the army's pre-war regular soldiers in the battles of 1914 and 1915. The bulk of the British casualties were replaced by volunteers of the

6341: 4848: 4564:

The Evolution of the British Army's Logistical and Administrative Infrastructure and its Influence on GHQ's Operational and Strategic Decision-Making on the Western Front, 1914–1918

6256: 1658:

of wartime volunteers, which had begun forming in August 1914. Rapid expansion created many vacancies for senior commands and specialist posts, which led to many retired officers (

2762:(RFC) and when the weather improved on 30 June, the squadron obtained a good set of photographs of the German defences and sent prints to VII Corps headquarters before dawn. From 1443:

and held against French counter-attacks, which were stopped 50 yd (46 m) short of the village, where the front settled until March 1917. The French XI Corps attacked at

6529: 5948: 4906: 3206:

during its relief of the 46th (North Midland) Division. The 46th divisional HQ was brought back into line, because the 58th Division was the least experienced division in France.

677: 6636: 1452:. On a 2,000 yd (1,800 m) stretch of the German front line, an area 1,000 yd (910 m) deep was captured and held against German counter-attacks, at a cost of 6774: 6544: 6299: 2373:

but the local commander of the 7th Company concentrated on containing the British advance and managed to force the British under cover, 330 ft (100 m) short of the

6539: 6229: 6180: 6095: 1608:

would attack the remnants of both armies and end the Entente for good. The unexpected duration of the Verdun offensive and the need to replace many exhausted units in the

1373:

and the bend in the line became known as the Gommecourt Salient. The village is atop four low, flat-topped ridges in the shape of a flattened X, the ends pointing towards

6784: 6383: 2538:

to the British) and were swiftly counter-attacked and driven back into shell-holes near the wire, where they were killed or captured. Enfilade fire from machine-guns in

2491:

the German defences came back but a few trickled back from shell-holes after dark, the battalions losing about 80 per cent casualties, including both commanders killed.

274: 2573:

enfilade were particularly deadly. A standing barrage along no man's land made the passage of supplies and reinforcements extremely difficult from the start but around

914: 6779: 670: 373: 4058:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan. 3082:. The battalion mistakenly attacked eastwards instead of skirting the wood and attacking from the north and was bogged down among German outposts near Nameless Farm. 2935: 976: 651: 1612:, depleted the German strategic reserve stationed behind the 6th Army and reduced the German counter-offensive strategy north of the Somme to one of static defence. 6224: 5582: 2438:

Telephones, flags, lamps, discs, shutters, pigeons, flares and rockets all failed due to casualties and no runner got through. All that was seen were two flares at

209: 1385:

for about 2,000 yd (1,800 m) over the level ground to the rear of the British line, except where the ruins and trees of Fonquevillers blocked the view.

5853: 5075: 6284: 6214: 5065: 4976: 2016:

The VII Corps of the Third Army was to carry out the diversion, north of a 2 mi (3.2 km) gap, held by two battalions, to the northern flank of the

1740: 1427: 267: 79: 6308: 5199: 4653: 2167: 609: 2212:) and the centre and north by Reserve Infantry Regiment 55 (RIR 55) and Reserve Infantry Regiment 91 (RIR 91) of the 2nd Guard Reserve Division, with the 4876: 3109:

to get ready and only managed to reach the north end of Rossignol Wood. Despite the failure to re-capture the wood a gap between the Australians and the

5206: 4439: 2959:

complaints, hunger and thirst, leading to low morale and an unusual willingness to surrender. On 27 February, a two-man patrol of the 18th Battalion,

2797: 1643: 897: 4858: 5883: 5592: 5494: 1704:. Dugouts had been deepened from 6–9 ft (1.8–2.7 m) to 20–30 ft (6.1–9.1 m), 50 yd (46 m) apart and large enough for 6466: 6304: 6291: 6248: 6157: 5685: 5252: 4899: 2213: 6648: 1598:

divisions and having three divisions of the OHL reserve in its rear area. The maintenance of the strength of the 6th Army at the expense of the

6658: 6516: 2193: 6430: 6364: 6201: 6080: 5753: 4772: 4628: 4510: 4468: 4328: 4303: 4284: 4265: 4246: 4227: 4204: 4185: 4163: 4144: 4125: 4106: 4080: 4041: 4022: 4000: 2598:

but nothing could be seen of the 46th (North Midland) Division and news arrived that the VIII Corps attack at Serre to the south had failed.

2111: 2620:

46th (North Midland) Division battalions remaining. Snow ordered both divisions to be ready to support the VIII Corps attack. The remaining

2499:

Against the 46th (North Midland) Division, the right flank units of RIR 55 and RGR 91 were able to get out of their deep dugouts in sectors

2127:

made it impossible to continue). The 138th Brigade was in reserve less two battalions and each brigade had a Field Company RE and the 1/1st

6605: 6025: 4810: 2469:

but then the 139th Brigade reported that there were still no smoke bombs, neither brigade attacked and after more delays, zero was set for

1810:

trench to the reserve trench for four minutes and then for six minutes just beyond. The German communication trenches were to be swept for

1281:

1 March – 18 July), the British dug an improvised defensive position, the Purple Line, to the south, east and north of the village but the

1192: 366: 6376: 2481:

One battalion commander unilaterally cancelled the attack before the order arrived and of twenty men who crossed the parapet on the left,

1530:

and the costly French defence of the Meuse Heights eventually reduced the French contribution to the Somme offensive from three armies to

1502:

as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig favoured a British offensive in Flanders close to BEF supply routes, to drive the Germans from the

6590: 5328: 4833: 2504:

flares to the German artillery, which had already commenced harassing fire and the gunners responded with fire at maximum rate from the

2224:

with four regiments. Reserve Guard Regiment 77 (RGR 77) was north of the salient and Reserve Guard Regiment 15 (RGR 15) was in reserve.

1758: 1750: 1663: 1243: 1235: 1189: 619: 555: 6575: 5865: 1268:) on 5 July. After several local truces, the British wounded were got in during 1 and 2 July, after which the area became a backwater. 5267: 2872: 2115: 1569: 1220: 762: 5960: 5013: 2673:

was not feasible and Tauscher found that the British were in N1 and N3 but this clarified the situation and he ordered attacks along

6450: 6144: 5232: 4703: 3110: 3102: 3098: 1419: 1330: 1326: 715: 2724:

and ran the gauntlet across no man's land, losing many casualties to small-arms fire, the survivors reaching the British lines at

5630: 4668: 1410: 1402: 1131: 5366: 3050:(1 March – 18 July), the purple line, an improvised defensive position, was dug to the south, east and north of Gommecourt. The 833: 501: 6701: 6506: 6486: 6273: 6209: 6032: 5901: 4805: 4725: 4663: 3051: 2918:

no more than could be expected from normal wastage. The 2nd Guard Reserve Division lost three light field howitzers damaged; a

1746: 1282: 1228: 545: 359: 6175: 5542: 3995:. The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. IV (11th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 6501: 6496: 6491: 6481: 4820: 4795: 4693: 3075: 3071: 2968: 1766: 1634: 1499: 1302: 1294: 1247: 1232: 2181:), made up of pre-war conscripts from Guards regiments, was posted to the Gommecourt Salient to join the XIV Reserve Corps ( 2176: 6534: 6476: 6471: 6435: 6369: 6261: 6107: 5690: 5080: 5008: 4939: 4708: 4678: 4673: 2976: 2964: 2189: 1754: 1679:

training and planning for the attack of 1 July, since the heterogeneous nature of the army of 1916 made it impossible for

1630: 1620: 1239: 855: 779: 5700: 6769: 6425: 6052: 5992: 5889: 5794: 5557: 5343: 5047: 4886: 4785: 3203: 2767: 2028:. Snow was not informed of the attack until 28 April, although the attack was postponed to 1 July. The objective was to 1298: 1196: 954: 784: 614: 5660: 4056:

Military Operations, France and Belgium: Mons, the Retreat to the Seine, the Marne and the Aisne, August – October 1914

3171: 3159: 1737:

A subsidiary attack was planned at Gommecourt, forgoing a counter-attack at Vimy Ridge to recapture the ground lost in

1106: 6663: 6100: 6085: 5943: 5895: 5211: 5085: 4998: 4762: 4750: 4745: 3005: 2834: 2017: 1671: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1185: 1177: 1154: 1126: 939: 694: 567: 562: 166: 5877: 5272: 796: 1246:) moved into the area for the attack. By 10 May, both divisions had taken over the front on the right flank of the 6759: 6643: 6600: 5635: 5620: 5522: 5391: 4959: 4871: 4828: 3163: 2776: 2299:

boards were hoisted in the three front trenches to show that they had been captured and consolidation began. About

2295:

The attackers put out signals to the RFC crews observing the attack, sent runners to battalion headquarters and at

2055: 2051: 2047: 1781: 1762: 1216: 1101: 1091: 1069: 1003: 919: 909: 882: 710: 6585: 5925: 5532: 5386: 4258:

The Other Side of the Wire: The Battle of the Somme. With the German XIV Reserve Corps: September 1914 – June 1916

2171: 1522:, to begin around 1 July. A smaller attack from La Bassée to Ypres would take place a week or two earlier and the 6794: 6353: 5937: 5680: 5665: 5277: 4971: 4949: 4698: 4688: 4621: 3155: 1697: 1526:

would be relieved in early June as more British divisions arrived in France. A week later, the Germans began the

1346: 1224: 1149: 1121: 1076: 1059: 1015: 929: 850: 806: 801: 589: 452: 340: 69: 5966: 5907: 5847: 2220:

with three regiments, two occupying the front line with one in reserve and the 2nd Guard Reserve Division was a

1510:

and destroyer threat to cross-Channel traffic from Belgian waters. Haig was not formally subordinate to General

6560: 6047: 6037: 5919: 5655: 5650: 5572: 4981: 4954: 4658: 4095:

Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battles of Arras

3193:

Several days later, a German aircraft dropped a list of prisoners taken at Gommecourt and the RFC did the same.

3090: 2328:

an artillery observer reported that about two British companies had captured N1 and N2 and got forward between

1667: 1609: 1599: 1558: 1329:, attacked the German positions to the south-east. The attack failed but a gap between the Australians and the 1314: 1173: 1116: 1054: 1030: 934: 860: 577: 572: 535: 442: 5376: 2582:

as there was a cease-fire but the truce was broken by a British field gun bombarding the German front trench.

4073:

Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: Sir Douglas Haig's Command to the 1st July: Battle of the Somme

1572:), which held the Western Front from Hannescamps, 11 mi (18 km) south-west of Arras, northwards to 6764: 6631: 6623: 6565: 6325: 6020: 5783: 5695: 5610: 5605: 5577: 5537: 5396: 5381: 5356: 5237: 5114: 3094: 3086: 3079: 3047: 1626: 1449: 1358: 1322: 1310: 1306: 1278: 1081: 1042: 1020: 870: 811: 737: 474: 430: 425: 400: 335: 330: 291: 2443:

position and were seen bombing the British troops who had taken cover in shell-holes near the German wire.

6398: 6122: 6057: 5913: 5640: 5567: 5517: 5502: 5484: 5457: 5371: 5338: 5003: 4964: 4944: 4755: 4648: 2128: 1777: 1394: 1200: 1096: 1064: 1025: 993: 924: 892: 875: 865: 838: 747: 634: 604: 528: 523: 506: 484: 447: 405: 305: 40: 5931: 2577:

two platoons and a machine-gun crew managed to cross and were the last parties to succeed, an attempt at

6388: 6042: 5707: 5670: 5600: 5547: 5469: 5437: 5411: 5361: 5292: 5194: 5147: 4993: 4931: 4800: 4683: 4118:

German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870–1916

2972: 2960: 2702: 2107: 2103: 1785: 1544: 1475: 1415: 1111: 1086: 944: 826: 730: 540: 247: 243: 73: 5333: 4314: 2744: 2021: 1204: 479: 2667:(Birch Wood), to co-ordinate the operation. As the British were well dug in, an attack south from the 2202: 1514:

but the British played a lesser role on the Western Front and perforce complied with French strategy.

6738: 6653: 5307: 5282: 5257: 4614: 4051: 3151: 2855: 2278:

a smoke screen was begun from the left flank and after five minutes had covered the attack front. At

2119: 1554: 1550: 1422:

drove the group of divisions comprising the 81st, 82nd, 84th and 88th Territorial divisions (General

1251: 998: 491: 467: 410: 310: 171: 6720: 6673: 5859: 5723: 5675: 5552: 5512: 5507: 5452: 5135: 5129: 5030: 4277:

The Other Side of the Wire: The Battle of the Somme. With the German XIV Reserve Corps, 1 July 1916

3147: 3143: 3036: 2217: 1727: 1696:) for the bulk of the front-trench garrison and the third trench for local reserves. Trenches were 1655: 1647: 1523: 1208: 1008: 964: 959: 774: 752: 584: 462: 457: 420: 383: 325: 45: 32: 2363:

Attempts by the 56th (1st London) Division troops to broaden the penetration were thwarted and at

2054:

on a 900 yd (820 m) front from the south edge of Gommecourt Park to the south-east. The

1426:) back from Hébuterne, Gommecourt and Monchy au Bois to the north. Gommecourt was captured by the 6680: 6595: 5954: 5818: 5800: 5765: 5729: 5562: 5527: 5479: 5464: 5351: 5302: 5141: 5100: 4780: 4498: 3055: 2939: 2759: 2755: 1286: 981: 821: 742: 550: 518: 236: 2545:

the foremost British troops and joined in the return fire against the British in no man's land.

720: 4601: 2632:

and then retreated after using the last of their ammunition, losing many men in no man's land.

2161:

Official Photographs taken on the Front in France, a German front line trench before Gommecourt

6713: 6707: 6668: 6570: 6403: 5986: 5841: 5824: 5625: 5447: 5427: 5262: 5247: 5177: 5165: 5025: 4866: 4843: 4790: 4568: 4534: 4506: 4486: 4464: 4447: 4399: 4361: 4324: 4299: 4280: 4261: 4242: 4223: 4200: 4181: 4159: 4156:

The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

4140: 4137:

When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916

4121: 4102: 4076: 4059: 4037: 4018: 4010: 3996: 3167: 2288: 1651: 1423: 1047: 988: 791: 646: 415: 315: 1374: 259: 5771: 5741: 5735: 5645: 5474: 5442: 5432: 5171: 5095: 5090: 5018: 4838: 4738: 4580: 4546: 4528: 4411: 4373: 4355: 2123: 1687: 1527: 1436: 1212: 949: 725: 513: 496: 6580: 6420: 5759: 5312: 5287: 4986: 4894: 4733: 4320: 4173: 3063: 2987:

C and D companies advanced towards Gommecourt by platoons, without artillery preparation.

2943: 2221: 2192:). The south side of the salient was held by Baden Infantry Regiment 170 (BIR 170) of the 2184: 1181: 1144: 816: 641: 2207: 2866:

In 2006, Alan Macdonald used the figures of the 56th divisional adjutant who calculated

2640:

The communication difficulties of the German commanders began to be resolved and around

6413: 6393: 6064: 5777: 5615: 5406: 5297: 5153: 5057: 5040: 2110:

and 1/5th North Staffordshire in support. The 1/5th Lincolnshire was attached from the

2025: 1491: 1444: 1378: 1350: 1254:) and begun training for the operation, making no attempt to conceal the preparations. 887: 757: 624: 137: 1464: 6753: 6524: 5812: 5806: 5242: 5159: 5070: 2709:

On the north side of the British lodgement the counter-attack on G5 had succeeded by

2474: 1564: 1511: 1362: 1227:

Salient, the most westerly point of the Western Front. In the first week of May, the

769: 240: 152: 5974: 5401: 4478: 3986: 2919: 1794: 1318: 1264: 4197:

Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the making of the Twentieth Century

3990: 2948: 2433:

by RFC observation crews, which stopped the British artillery from firing on 'The

1370: 1354: 2827:

and the III Battalion held ground around Pozières, Martinpuich and Bazentin from

2131:(Monmouth), the divisional pioneer battalion, was to dig communication trenches. 6185: 6090: 5788: 5216: 4637: 4090: 3202:

The 138th Brigade of the 46th (North Midland) Division had been attached to the

2816: 2287:

the troops rose and began the attack, finding most of the German wire well cut,

1195:) as a diversion, to protect the northern flank of the main attack. The British 4158:. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 2749:

Replica B.E.2c similar to those flown by 8 Squadron RFC (Shoreham Airshow, 2013

2106:

with the 1/6th South Staffordshire and the 1/6th North Staffordshire, with the

1854: 1675: 1573: 629: 4538: 4451: 4403: 4365: 4063: 2606:

dark and with two fresh battalions of the 56th (1st London) Division and the

94: 81: 5980: 5747: 4572: 4490: 4178:

Pro Patria Mori: The 56th (1st London) Division at Gommecourt, 1st July 1916

1798: 1503: 1365:. From late 1914 to early 1917, the Western Front turned north-east towards 3015:

on 28 January, which was authorised by Ludendorff on 4 February, the first

2360:

and a company of Pioneer Battalion 10 managed to stop the British advance.

4391:

The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front 1914–18

4216: 6240: 3139: 2661:

Taucher reached the reserve battle headquarters at Hill 147, west of the

2395:

and forced back the garrisons of the first and second trenches back into

1674:

in early 1915, then the BEF in December, which eventually comprised five

1382: 2367:

the commander of II Battalion, RIR 55 ordered a counter-attack from the

1780:

used for wire cutting, the corps artillery was under the command of the

1662:) and inexperienced newcomers being appointed. In 1914, Haig had been a 4357:

The 46th (North Midland) Division T. F. on the Western Front, 1915–1918

3059: 2971:

went through Gommecourt Park and found the village deserted. The 1/4th

2625: 1858: 1790: 1701: 1519: 1456:

The area around Gommecourt was taken over by the British in July 1915.

1290: 4389: 4360:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). Birmingham: University of Birmingham. 1507: 4461:

The Fifty Sixth Division 1914–1918 (1st London Territorial Division)

2823:

II Battalion, RGR 77 was stationed at Bazentin and Martinpuich from

2102:

The 46th (North Midland) Division attack was to be conducted by the

6408: 4576: 4542: 4407: 4369: 3035: 2947: 2743: 2155: 1726: 1680: 1619: 1577: 1463: 1366: 351: 4485:(repr. Cedric Chivers ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton. 3960: 3958: 1172:

was a British operation against the northern flank of the German

4098: 4015:

Pyrrhic victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War

3819: 3817: 2075:. Communication trenches were named after rivers beginning with 662: 4610: 2548:

The British smoke screen and dust limited visibility and about

666: 355: 263: 4606: 4567:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). London: University of London. 4533:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). London: University of London. 4398:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). London: University of London. 3622: 3620: 3410: 3408: 2886:

were killed or died of wounds. RIR 55 and 91 and BIR 170 had

2568:

move from the north, east and south, soon after zero hour at

1494:

to move troops between fronts. In December 1915, General Sir

2046:

The 56th (1st London) Division attack was to be made by the

4298:(Greenwood Press, NY ed.). London: Faber & Faber. 3768: 3766: 2858:, recorded that the 46th (North Midland) Division suffered 1683:

and army commanders to know the capacity of each division.

3074:

was ordered to man the purple line and a battalion of its

1823:

guns were to lift to the second objective until zero plus

1478:

from 6 to 8 December 1915. Simultaneous offensives on the

4241:(Pen & Sword Military ed.). London: Leo Cooper. 3738: 3736: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3378: 3376: 3351: 3349: 2713:

leaving the last British troops in the second trench and

2216:

on the northern flank. The 52nd and 111th divisions were

1700:

and had sentry-posts in concrete recesses built into the

1293:

to the east stopped the German advance. On 28 March, the

1333:

was closed and the German threat to Gommecourt removed.

4463:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Murray. 4316:

The Story of the 62nd (West Riding) Division, 1914–1919

4036:(Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3909: 3907: 3753: 3751: 2979:

of the 138th Brigade, 46th (North Midland) Division at

2601:

The parties in the German trenches were trapped and by

2528:

troops got through the wire into the front trench near

4260:. Vol. I (pbk. rpr. ed.). Solihull: Helion. 3312: 3310: 2248:

with BIR 170 of the 52nd Division, which held sectors

1490:

by the Franco-British armies, would deny time for the

3882: 3880: 2890:

In 2013, Ralph Whitehead wrote that the Germans took

1215:. To extend the attack front of the Fourth Army, the 3113:

had been closed and the threat to Gommecourt ended.

2705:

the Germans attacked N2 and N3, recapturing them by

6790:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

6693: 6614: 6553: 6515: 6459: 6448: 6352: 6324: 6272: 6194: 6168: 6120: 6073: 6013: 6006: 5834: 5716: 5591: 5493: 5420: 5321: 5225: 5187: 5122: 5113: 5056: 4930: 4919: 4885: 4857: 4819: 4771: 4724: 4717: 4296:

If Germany Attacks: The Battle in Depth in the West

4180:. Liskeard: Exposure Publishing for Diggory Press. 4034:

Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916

2775:message flew into the 5 Section balloon cable near 4530:British Intelligence and the German Army 1914–1918 4215: 3847: 2657:and more troops were moved forward to Bucquoy. At 2524:covering the 1.2 mi (2 km) front. About 1301:) occupied the purple line and a battalion of the 3093:to the south of Bucquoy and the 2/8th Battalion, 2875:and other records, the casualties on 1 July were 2854:Writing in 1932, the British official historian, 2815:I Battalion, RGR 77 took part in the defence of 2379:, where they established two Lewis guns between 1353:(Funky Villas to the British) and north-east of 5583:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 2030: 1361:. The village is 9.3 mi (15 km) from 1176:. The attack took place on 1 July 1916, on the 25: 3101:, ordered up from reserve and attached to the 2754:The operations at Gommecourt were observed by 4622: 3992:The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1917 2898:missing and taken prisoner. BIR 170 reported 678: 367: 275: 8: 3023: 3016: 3010: 2991: 2840: 2832: 2714: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2652: 2646: 2554: 2539: 2529: 2519: 2513: 2402: 2396: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2319: 2243: 2229: 2197: 2182: 1738: 1709: 1708:. An intermediate line of strongpoints (the 1691: 1603: 1562: 1542: 1474:Allied strategy for 1916 was decided at the 1431: 1408: 1400: 1272: 4017:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press. 3796: 2936:Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917 1207:southwards to the boundary with the French 6775:Battles of the Western Front (World War I) 6456: 6165: 6070: 6010: 5119: 4927: 4721: 4629: 4615: 4607: 3871: 3823: 3808: 3253: 3058:) was dug in around the eastern fringe of 1833: 1765:area and took over the right flank of the 1184:. The attack was conducted by the British 685: 671: 663: 374: 360: 352: 293:Battle of Albert (1916) tactical incidents 282: 268: 260: 22: 3727: 3715: 3674: 3662: 3599: 3587: 3551: 3527: 2953:Bassin de la Somme; shows the Ancre River 1686:Despite considerable debate among German 1637:marching to the front line, 28 June 1916. 1399:On 4 October 1914, German attacks by the 6785:Battles of World War I involving Germany 5872:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 3949: 2114:in reserve for carrying parties. In the 6780:Battles of World War I involving France 6249:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 4199:(1st ed.). London: Little, Brown. 3859: 3835: 3742: 3703: 3686: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3611: 3575: 3563: 3539: 3515: 3503: 3491: 3479: 3467: 3455: 3443: 3431: 3414: 3399: 3382: 3355: 3340: 3301: 3289: 3277: 3265: 3249: 3237: 3225: 3218: 3122: 2242:on the left. The regiment connected at 1223:) of the Third Army was to capture the 4239:The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916 3964: 3925: 2636:2nd Guard Reserve Division (afternoon) 2563:56th (1st London) Division (afternoon) 6202:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 5538:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 3937: 3913: 3898: 3784: 3772: 3757: 3367: 3328: 3316: 3041:Modern map of Gommecourt and vicinity 2112:138th (Lincoln and Leicester) Brigade 1732:Modern map of Gommecourt and vicinity 1625:Men of the 10th (Service) Battalion, 7: 6606:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 3886: 2926:gun were knocked out by shell hits. 6535:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 5329:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 2862:and the 56th (1st London) Division 2808:the German defenders had inflicted 1759:Edward James Montagu-Stuart-Wortley 5268:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4279:. Vol. II. Solihull: Helion. 2873:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2495:2nd Guard Reserve Division (north) 2313:2nd Guard Reserve Division (south) 2116:139th (Sherwood Foresters) Brigade 1570:Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria 1349:is a village to the south-east of 216: 14: 4120:(pbk. ed.). Cambridge: CUP. 2252:and RGR 15 was in close reserve. 16:Battle during the First World War 5631:Second Battle of the Piave River 5253:Russian invasion of East Prussia 1670:and was promoted to command the 1317:to the south of Bucquoy and the 1170:Attack on the Gommecourt Salient 215: 208: 145: 130: 39: 26:Attack on the Gommecourt Salient 6702:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 5902:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 4444:Soldier from the Wars Returning 4232:– via Archive Foundation. 3052:62nd (2nd West Riding) Division 3004:A and B companies of the 1/4th 2802:Soldier from the Wars Returning 1782:Corps Commander Royal Artillery 1486:by the Italian army and on the 1283:62nd (2nd West Riding) Division 6525:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 6384:Deportations from East Prussia 6181:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 4214:Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005). 1741:Unternehmen Schleswig-Holstein 1: 6436:Ukrainian Canadian internment 2876: 2412:46th (North Midland) Division 1755:46th (North Midland) Division 1244:Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley 1240:46th (North Midland) Division 6591:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 5890:Estonian War of Independence 5558:Southern Palestine offensive 4602:WWI Battlefields: Gommecourt 4459:Dudley Ward, C. H. (2001) . 3331:, pp. 248–249, 206–207. 3204:58th (2/1st London) Division 2408:inside the German defences. 2340:through the cemetery to the 2304:bombers ready to advance at 2172:Richard von Süßkind-Schwendi 2095:-lon Trench was in front of 1482:by the Russian army, on the 1403:Höhere Kavallerie-Kommando 2 1229:56th (1/1st London) Division 6545:USA against Austria-Hungary 5944:Turkish War of Independence 5896:Latvian War of Independence 5621:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 5212:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 1644:British Expeditionary Force 1469:The Western Front 1915–1916 1155:Western Front tactics, 1917 6811: 6628:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 6176:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 5636:Second Battle of the Marne 5523:Second battle of the Aisne 5392:Second Battle of Champagne 5233:German invasion of Belgium 4503:The First Day on the Somme 4275:Whitehead, R. J. (2013a). 4256:Whitehead, R. J. (2013) . 4139:. Norwich: Gliddon Books. 2933: 2270:56th (1st London) Division 2168:2nd Guard Reserve Division 2056:167th (1st London) Brigade 2052:169th (3rd London) Brigade 2048:168th (2nd London) Brigade 1747:56th (1st London) Division 1392: 396:Battles of the Somme, 1916 48:1 July – 18 November 1916. 6734: 6409:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 5938:Irish War of Independence 5681:Armistice of Villa Giusti 5666:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 5278:First Battle of the Marne 4644: 4505:. London: Penguin Books. 4222:. Yale University Press. 3078:was ordered to recapture 3000:occupied the village. At 2766:a standing patrol of one 2473:Ten minutes before zero, 2108:1/5th South Staffordshire 1793:Wood, some of the German 1534:on the southern flank of 1369:and thence northwards to 702: 393: 301: 203: 190: 177: 159: 122: 52: 38: 30: 6561:Constantinople Agreement 5854:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 5717:Co-belligerent conflicts 5686:Second Romanian campaign 5656:Third Transjordan attack 5367:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 5273:Battle of Grand Couronné 4174:MacDonald (pseud.), Alan 4071:Edmonds, J. E. (1993) . 3967:, pp. 144, 159–160. 3062:, having retreated from 2930:Occupation of Gommecourt 2238:and RIR 55 held sectors 2124:1/6th Sherwood Foresters 2122:were to attack with the 2120:1/7th Sherwood Foresters 6624:Modus vivendi of Acroma 6576:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 5884:Greater Poland Uprising 5784:National Protection War 5661:Meuse–Argonne offensive 5611:German spring offensive 5606:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5382:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 5357:Second Battle of Artois 5238:Battle of the Frontiers 4319:. Vol. I. London: 3848:MacDonald (pseud.) 2006 3797:Prior & Wilson 2005 3095:West Yorkshire Regiment 3091:4th Australian Division 3048:German spring offensive 2719:which were attacked at 1840:(23 June – 1 July 1916) 1627:East Yorkshire Regiment 1450:Second Battle of Artois 1323:West Yorkshire Regiment 1315:4th Australian Division 1043:German spring offensive 6649:Paris Peace Conference 6637:Ukraine–Central Powers 6431:Massacres of Albanians 6399:Late Ottoman genocides 6206:Bulgarian occupations 5914:Third Anglo-Afghan War 5878:Hungarian–Romanian War 5696:Naval Victory Bulletin 5691:Armistice with Germany 5641:Hundred Days Offensive 5568:Battle of La Malmaison 5518:Second battle of Arras 5485:Battle of Transylvania 5339:Second Battle of Ypres 5207:Sarajevo assassination 5096:South African Republic 4446:. London: Hutchinson. 4354:Peaple, S. P. (2003). 4294:Wynne, G. C. (1976) . 4154:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 4116:Foley, R. T. (2007) . 3087:4th Australian Brigade 3043: 3024: 3017: 3011: 2992: 2955: 2914:RGR 15 and RGR 77 had 2841: 2833: 2751: 2715: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2653: 2647: 2555: 2540: 2534:((Swallow's Nest, the 2530: 2520: 2514: 2403: 2397: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2320: 2244: 2230: 2198: 2183: 2163: 2129:Monmouthshire Regiment 2040: 2020:, which was to attack 1797:protected by concrete 1739: 1734: 1710: 1692: 1639: 1604: 1563: 1543: 1471: 1460:Strategic developments 1432: 1411:General der Kavallerie 1409: 1401: 1311:4th Australian Brigade 1273: 1201:First day on the Somme 1180:in France, during the 306:First Day on the Somme 160:Commanders and leaders 6659:Treaty of St. Germain 6632:Russia–Central Powers 6586:Sykes–Picot Agreement 6414:Pontic Greek genocide 6389:Destruction of Kalisz 6365:Eastern Mediterranean 5926:Polish–Lithuanian War 5708:Armistice of Belgrade 5671:Armistice of Salonica 5601:Operation Faustschlag 5548:Third Battle of Oituz 5470:Baranovichi offensive 5438:Lake Naroch offensive 5412:Battle of Robat Karim 5387:Vistula–Bug offensive 5362:Battles of the Isonzo 5293:First Battle of Ypres 4561:Brown, I. M. (1996). 4237:Sheldon, J. (2006) . 4195:Philpott, W. (2009). 3039: 2961:Durham Light Infantry 2951: 2906:and RIR 91 had about 2747: 2703:hurricane bombardment 2159: 1778:18-pounder field guns 1730: 1623: 1616:Tactical developments 1545:Oberste Heeresleitung 1498:replaced General Sir 1467: 1416:Georg von der Marwitz 1309:. As night fell, the 191:Casualties and losses 6654:Treaty of Versailles 6370:Mount Lebanon famine 6285:in the United States 6253:Russian occupations 5967:Turkish–Armenian War 5908:Polish–Ukrainian War 5848:Ukrainian–Soviet War 5795:Central Asian Revolt 5578:Armistice of Focșani 5308:Battle of Sarikamish 5258:Battle of Tannenberg 4654:Military engagements 4388:Simpson, A. (2001). 4313:Wyrall, E. (2003) . 4135:Gliddon, G. (1987). 3874:, pp. 177, 179. 3542:, pp. 131, 139. 3252:, pp. 402–405; 3097:(West Yorks) of the 2352:. RIR 55 lost about 2321:Patroullien Wäldchen 2218:triangular divisions 1745:. In early May, the 1723:British preparations 1555:Erich von Falkenhayn 1551:German General Staff 1476:Chantilly Conference 1407:(II Cavalry Corps), 1219:(Lieutenant-General 1150:French Army mutinies 1145:1914 Christmas truce 915:Hohenzollern Redoubt 556:Butte de Warlencourt 231:class=notpageimage| 172:Erich von Falkenhayn 95:50.14083°N 2.64611°E 6770:Battle of the Somme 6721:They shall not pass 6644:Treaty of Bucharest 6601:Treaty of Bucharest 6540:USA against Germany 6517:Declarations of war 6221:German occupations 6134:British casualties 5993:Soviet–Georgian War 5920:Egyptian Revolution 5860:Armeno-Georgian War 5724:Somaliland campaign 5676:Armistice of Mudros 5553:Battle of Caporetto 5543:Battle of Mărășești 5513:Zimmermann telegram 5508:February Revolution 5453:Battle of the Somme 5377:Bug-Narew Offensive 5352:Battle of Gallipoli 5344:Sinking of the RMS 5136:Scramble for Africa 5130:Franco-Prussian War 4786:Sinai and Palestine 4396:discovery.ucl.ac.uk 4032:Duffy, C. (2007) . 3901:, pp. 101–102. 3862:, pp. 474–475. 3850:, pp. 434–435. 3826:, pp. 177–178. 3775:, pp. 210–211. 3730:, pp. 160–165. 3718:, pp. 154–159. 3689:, pp. 471–472. 3677:, pp. 145–147. 3665:, pp. 141–145. 3653:, pp. 469–471. 3629:, pp. 467–468. 3614:, pp. 466–467. 3602:, pp. 150–152. 3590:, pp. 148–150. 3566:, pp. 463–464. 3554:, pp. 140–141. 3530:, pp. 136–138. 3506:, pp. 459–460. 3494:, pp. 465–466. 3470:, pp. 462–463. 3417:, pp. 455–456. 3370:, pp. 100–101. 3268:, pp. 475–476. 3085:As night fell, the 2975:relieved the 1/5th 2385:(House Trench) and 2289:Bangalore torpedoes 2228:fortification, the 2152:German preparations 1842: 1395:Battle of Hébuterne 1357:on the D 6 road to 1139:Associated articles 856:Hartmannswillerkopf 716:Invasion of Belgium 599:Associated articles 91: / 46:Battle of the Somme 33:Battle of the Somme 6681:Treaty of Lausanne 6596:Paris Economy Pact 6530:UK against Germany 6460:Entry into the war 6426:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 6145:Ottoman casualties 5955:Franco-Turkish War 5835:Post-War conflicts 5819:Russian Revolution 5801:Invasion of Darfur 5766:Kelantan rebellion 5754:Kurdish rebellions 5730:Mexican Revolution 5563:October Revolution 5528:Kerensky offensive 5503:Capture of Baghdad 5480:Monastir offensive 5465:Brusilov offensive 5303:Battle of Kolubara 5142:Russo-Japanese War 4581:uk.bl.ethos.321769 4547:uk.bl.ethos.416459 4527:Beach, J. (2004). 4479:Gough, H. de la P. 4412:uk.bl.ethos.367588 4374:uk.bl.ethos.435414 3940:, pp. 94–110. 3056:Walter Braithwaite 3044: 2956: 2940:Operation Alberich 2798:Charles Carrington 2760:Royal Flying Corps 2752: 2324:(Patrol Wood). At 2164: 1834: 1795:5.9-inch howitzers 1735: 1664:lieutenant-general 1640: 1472: 1454:10,351 casualties. 1439:) on the night of 1428:1st Guard Division 1287:Walter Braithwaite 1190:Lieutenant-General 6760:Conflicts in 1916 6747: 6746: 6730: 6729: 6714:The Golden Virgin 6708:Mutilated victory 6689: 6688: 6669:Treaty of Trianon 6664:Treaty of Neuilly 6571:Damascus Protocol 6444: 6443: 6404:Armenian genocide 6361:Allied blockades 6333:Belgian refugees 6116: 6115: 6026:Strategic bombing 6002: 6001: 5987:Franco-Syrian War 5961:Greco-Turkish War 5949:Anglo-Turkish War 5932:Polish–Soviet War 5866:German Revolution 5842:Russian Civil War 5825:Finnish Civil War 5651:Battle of Megiddo 5626:Battle of Goychay 5573:Battle of Cambrai 5533:Battle of Mărăști 5448:Battle of Jutland 5428:Erzurum offensive 5283:Siege of Przemyśl 5263:Siege of Tsingtao 5248:Battle of Galicia 5178:Second Balkan War 5166:Italo-Turkish War 5123:Pre-War conflicts 5109: 5108: 4999:Portuguese Empire 4915: 4914: 4877:German New Guinea 4859:Asian and Pacific 4512:978-0-14-139071-0 4470:978-1-84342-111-5 4330:978-1-84342-467-3 4305:978-0-8371-5029-1 4286:978-1-907677-12-0 4267:978-1-908916-89-1 4248:978-1-84415-269-8 4229:978-0-300-10694-7 4206:978-1-4087-0108-9 4187:978-1-84685-182-7 4165:978-1-84342-413-0 4146:978-0-947893-02-6 4127:978-0-521-04436-3 4108:978-0-89839-180-0 4082:978-0-89839-185-5 4043:978-0-7538-2202-9 4024:978-0-674-01880-8 4002:978-0-7022-1710-4 3280:, pp. 29–37. 3070:on 28 March, the 3012:Siegfriedstellung 2888:1,241 casualties. 2868:4,243 casualties, 2864:4,314 casualties. 2831:RGR 15 fought at 2806:1,257 casualties, 2190:Hermann von Stein 2063:, then groups of 2014: 2013: 1841: 1761:) moved into the 1652:Territorial Force 1541:The chief of the 1420:XIV Reserve Corps 1163: 1162: 989:Nivelle offensive 763:Trouée de Charmes 660: 659: 647:Thiepval Memorial 502:Flers–Courcelette 349: 348: 258: 257: 118: 117: 100:50.14083; 2.64611 6802: 6795:July 1916 events 6674:Treaty of Sèvres 6566:Treaty of London 6457: 6235:Northeast France 6166: 6138:Parliamentarians 6071: 6033:Chemical weapons 6011: 5772:Senussi campaign 5742:Muscat rebellion 5736:Maritz rebellion 5704: 5646:Vardar offensive 5475:Battle of Romani 5443:Battle of Asiago 5433:Battle of Verdun 5397:Kosovo offensive 5172:First Balkan War 5120: 5019:Russian Republic 4928: 4722: 4664:Economic history 4631: 4624: 4617: 4608: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4516: 4494: 4474: 4455: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4309: 4290: 4271: 4252: 4233: 4221: 4210: 4191: 4169: 4150: 4131: 4112: 4086: 4067: 4047: 4028: 4006: 3968: 3962: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3761: 3755: 3746: 3740: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3615: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3418: 3412: 3403: 3397: 3386: 3380: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3207: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3137: 3131: 3127: 3108: 3069: 3066:on 26 March. At 3027: 3020: 3014: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2986: 2982: 2925: 2922:field gun and a 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2878: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2860:2,445 casualties 2844: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2812:on the British. 2811: 2810:6,769 casualties 2807: 2765: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2656: 2654:Ihlenfeld Graben 2650: 2643: 2631: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2604: 2597: 2593: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2558: 2556:Einbecker Graben 2551: 2543: 2533: 2527: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2489: 2484: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2454: 2449: 2441: 2406: 2404:Albrechts Graben 2400: 2394: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2345: 2343:I Garde Stellung 2339: 2333: 2327: 2323: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2211: 2203:Karl von Borries 2201: 2188: 2180: 2138: 2118:, the 1/5th and 2038: 1843: 1839: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1776:Apart from some 1744: 1713: 1707: 1695: 1656:Kitchener's Army 1607: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1568: 1548: 1537: 1533: 1528:Battle of Verdun 1455: 1442: 1437:Oskar von Hutier 1435: 1414: 1406: 1279:Spring Offensive 1276: 1260: 1203:, attacked from 1102:St Quentin Canal 697: 687: 680: 673: 664: 605:Hébuterne (1915) 568:Schwaben Redoubt 388: 386: 376: 369: 362: 353: 296: 294: 284: 277: 270: 261: 219: 218: 212: 155: 151: 149: 148: 140: 136: 134: 133: 106: 105: 103: 102: 101: 96: 92: 89: 88: 87: 84: 54: 53: 43: 23: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6726: 6685: 6617: 6610: 6581:Treaty of Darin 6549: 6511: 6467:Austria-Hungary 6453: 6440: 6421:Rape of Belgium 6348: 6320: 6268: 6262:Western Armenia 6257:Eastern Galicia 6190: 6164: 6128: 6127:Civilian impact 6126: 6112: 6069: 5998: 5830: 5760:Ovambo Uprising 5712: 5698: 5587: 5489: 5416: 5334:Battle of Łomża 5317: 5313:Christmas truce 5288:Race to the Sea 5221: 5183: 5105: 5076:Austria-Hungary 5052: 4987:Empire of Japan 4924: 4922: 4911: 4895:U-boat campaign 4881: 4853: 4815: 4767: 4713: 4694:Popular culture 4640: 4635: 4598: 4585: 4583: 4560: 4551: 4549: 4526: 4523: 4513: 4499:Middlebrook, M. 4497: 4477: 4471: 4458: 4438: 4435: 4430: 4428:Further reading 4425: 4416: 4414: 4387: 4378: 4376: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4321:The Bodley Head 4312: 4306: 4293: 4287: 4274: 4268: 4255: 4249: 4236: 4230: 4213: 4207: 4194: 4188: 4172: 4166: 4153: 4147: 4134: 4128: 4115: 4109: 4089: 4083: 4070: 4050: 4044: 4031: 4025: 4009: 4003: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3963: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3912: 3905: 3897: 3893: 3885: 3878: 3872:Whitehead 2013a 3870: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3824:Whitehead 2013a 3822: 3815: 3809:Whitehead 2013a 3807: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3764: 3756: 3749: 3741: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3661: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3625: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3598: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3421: 3413: 3406: 3398: 3389: 3381: 3374: 3366: 3362: 3354: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3254:Whitehead 2013a 3248: 3244: 3236: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3210: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3182: 3178: 3154:, twenty-eight 3138: 3134: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3106: 3067: 3064:Achiet-le-Petit 3054:(Major-General 3042: 3034: 3001: 2997: 2984: 2980: 2954: 2946: 2944:Hindenburg Line 2932: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2908:150 casualties, 2907: 2903: 2900:650 casualties, 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2809: 2805: 2794: 2789: 2764:6:45–3:25 p.m., 2763: 2750: 2742: 2733: 2725: 2720: 2710: 2706: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2658: 2641: 2638: 2629: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2602: 2595: 2591: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2549: 2525: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2497: 2487: 2482: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2452: 2447: 2439: 2414: 2392: 2364: 2357: 2353: 2325: 2315: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2249: 2239: 2235: 2222:square division 2205: 2199:Generalleutnant 2185:Generalleutnant 2174: 2162: 2154: 2136: 2039: 2036: 2006: 1993: 1988: 1975: 1970: 1954: 1938: 1922: 1906: 1890: 1874: 1857: 1850: 1838: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1757:(Major-General 1749:(Major-General 1733: 1725: 1720: 1711:Stützpunktlinie 1705: 1638: 1618: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1535: 1531: 1470: 1462: 1453: 1440: 1433:Generalleutnant 1397: 1391: 1344: 1339: 1319:2/8th Battalion 1297:(Major-General 1285:(Major-General 1258: 1250:(Major-General 1242:(Major-General 1182:First World War 1166: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1136: 940:Vimy Ridge 1916 817:Race to the Sea 785:1st St. Quentin 707: 698: 693: 691: 661: 656: 642:Leipzig Salient 610:Order of Battle 596: 389: 385:Somme Offensive 384: 382: 380: 350: 345: 297: 292: 290: 288: 254: 253: 252: 251: 250: 233: 227: 226: 225: 224: 220: 146: 144: 143: 131: 129: 128: 99: 97: 93: 90: 85: 82: 80: 78: 77: 76: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6808: 6806: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6765:1916 in France 6762: 6752: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6705: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6646: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6634: 6626: 6620: 6618: 6616:Peace treaties 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6521: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6502:United Kingdom 6499: 6494: 6492:Ottoman Empire 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6463: 6461: 6454: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6396: 6394:Sack of Dinant 6391: 6386: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6358: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6342:United Kingdom 6339: 6330: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6302: 6296:POW locations 6294: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6278: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6264: 6259: 6251: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6204: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6172: 6170: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6147: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6131: 6129: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6096:United Kingdom 6093: 6091:Ottoman Empire 6088: 6083: 6077: 6075: 6068: 6067: 6065:Trench warfare 6062: 6061: 6060: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6017: 6015: 6008: 6004: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5971: 5970: 5964: 5958: 5952: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5838: 5836: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5822: 5816: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5781: 5778:Volta-Bani War 5775: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5616:Zeebrugge Raid 5613: 5608: 5603: 5597: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5499: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5461: 5460: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5407:Battle of Loos 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5298:Black Sea raid 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5200:Historiography 5191: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5154:Bosnian Crisis 5151: 5148:Tangier Crisis 5145: 5139: 5133: 5126: 5124: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5081:Ottoman Empire 5078: 5073: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5058:Central Powers 5054: 5053: 5051: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5041:British Empire 5036:United Kingdom 5033: 5028: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5014:Russian Empire 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4936: 4934: 4932:Entente Powers 4925: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4900:North Atlantic 4891: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4825: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4813: 4811:Central Arabia 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4777: 4775: 4773:Middle Eastern 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4759: 4758: 4748: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4730: 4728: 4719: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4674:Historiography 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4626: 4619: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4597: 4596:External links 4594: 4593: 4592: 4558: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4517: 4511: 4495: 4483:The Fifth Army 4475: 4469: 4456: 4440:Carrington, C. 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4385: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4342: 4329: 4310: 4304: 4291: 4285: 4272: 4266: 4253: 4247: 4234: 4228: 4211: 4205: 4192: 4186: 4170: 4164: 4151: 4145: 4132: 4126: 4113: 4107: 4087: 4081: 4068: 4052:Edmonds, J. E. 4048: 4042: 4029: 4023: 4011:Doughty, R. A. 4007: 4001: 3987:Bean, C. E. W. 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3954: 3952:, p. 460. 3942: 3930: 3928:, p. 154. 3918: 3916:, p. 102. 3903: 3891: 3876: 3864: 3852: 3840: 3838:, p. 192. 3828: 3813: 3811:, p. 177. 3801: 3789: 3787:, p. 137. 3777: 3762: 3760:, p. 210. 3747: 3745:, p. 474. 3732: 3728:Whitehead 2013 3720: 3716:Whitehead 2013 3708: 3706:, p. 472. 3691: 3679: 3675:Whitehead 2013 3667: 3663:Whitehead 2013 3655: 3643: 3641:, p. 469. 3631: 3616: 3604: 3600:Whitehead 2013 3592: 3588:Whitehead 2013 3580: 3578:, p. 464. 3568: 3556: 3552:Whitehead 2013 3544: 3532: 3528:Whitehead 2013 3520: 3518:, p. 456. 3508: 3496: 3484: 3482:, p. 465. 3472: 3460: 3458:, p. 415. 3448: 3446:, p. 461. 3436: 3434:, p. 460. 3419: 3404: 3402:, p. 454. 3387: 3385:, p. 453. 3372: 3360: 3358:, p. 223. 3345: 3333: 3321: 3319:, p. 104. 3306: 3304:, p. 291. 3294: 3282: 3270: 3258: 3256:, p. 136. 3242: 3240:, p. 455. 3230: 3228:, p. 182. 3217: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3195: 3186: 3176: 3150:, twenty-four 3132: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3080:Rossignol Wood 3040: 3033: 3030: 2952: 2931: 2928: 2916:22 casualties, 2851: 2848: 2835:Feste Schwaben 2829:14 to 23 July. 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2748: 2741: 2740:Air operations 2738: 2732: 2729: 2701:After a brief 2648:Blücher Graben 2637: 2634: 2564: 2561: 2541:Schwalben Nest 2531:Schwalben Nest 2496: 2493: 2488:3:00–3:00 p.m. 2475:Stokes mortars 2413: 2410: 2314: 2311: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2214:111th Division 2160: 2153: 2150: 2034: 2026:Beaumont-Hamel 2012: 2011: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1852: 1847: 1831: 1828: 1731: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1688:staff officers 1666:in command of 1629:, part of the 1624: 1617: 1614: 1492:Central Powers 1468: 1461: 1458: 1445:Beaumont Hamel 1424:Joseph Brugère 1393:Main article: 1390: 1387: 1379:Rossignol Wood 1351:Foncquevillers 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1307:Rossignol Wood 1299:Sydney Lawford 1274:Kaiserschlacht 1265:Stellenbosched 1252:Count Gleichen 1193:Edmund Allenby 1161: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1135: 1134: 1132:Lys and Escaut 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 986: 979: 968: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 901: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 879: 878: 868: 863: 861:Neuve Chapelle 858: 853: 842: 841: 836: 834:Winter actions 831: 830: 829: 824: 814: 809: 804: 799: 797:Grand Couronné 794: 789: 788: 787: 782: 777: 767: 766: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 735: 734: 733: 728: 723: 713: 703: 700: 699: 692: 690: 689: 682: 675: 667: 658: 657: 655: 654: 649: 644: 639: 638: 637: 635:Hawthorn Ridge 632: 627: 617: 612: 607: 595: 594: 593: 592: 590:Beaumont-Hamel 582: 581: 580: 575: 570: 560: 559: 558: 553: 548: 538: 536:Thiepval Ridge 533: 532: 531: 526: 521: 511: 510: 509: 499: 494: 489: 488: 487: 477: 472: 471: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 443:Bazentin Ridge 440: 439: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 394: 391: 390: 381: 379: 378: 371: 364: 356: 347: 346: 344: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 302: 299: 298: 289: 287: 286: 279: 272: 264: 256: 255: 235:Gommecourt, a 234: 229: 228: 222: 221: 214: 213: 207: 206: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 175: 174: 169: 162: 161: 157: 156: 141: 125: 124: 120: 119: 116: 115: 114:German victory 112: 108: 107: 68: 66: 62: 61: 58: 50: 49: 36: 35: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6807: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6733: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6679: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6508: 6507:United States 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6458: 6455: 6452: 6447: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6193: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6124: 6119: 6109: 6108:United States 6106: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6063: 6059: 6058:Convoy system 6056: 6055: 6054: 6053:Naval warfare 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6009: 6005: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5833: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5813:Kaocen revolt 5811: 5808: 5807:Easter Rising 5805: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5372:Great Retreat 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5243:Battle of Cer 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5224: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5160:Agadir Crisis 5158: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5048:United States 5046: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4966: 4965:French Empire 4963: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4918: 4908: 4907:Mediterranean 4905: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4887:Naval warfare 4884: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4763:Italian Front 4761: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4751:Eastern Front 4749: 4747: 4746:Western Front 4744: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4704:Puppet states 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4627: 4625: 4620: 4618: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4565: 4559: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4386: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4332: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4220: 4219: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4138: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3966: 3961: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3950:Philpott 2009 3946: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3892: 3889:, p. 60. 3888: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3868: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3802: 3799:, p. 71. 3798: 3793: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3778: 3774: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3343:, p. 34. 3342: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3292:, p. 29. 3291: 3286: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3219: 3213: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3133: 3126: 3123: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3111:186th Brigade 3104: 3103:187th Brigade 3100: 3099:185th Brigade 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3076:124th Brigade 3073: 3072:41st Division 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3038: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3019: 3013: 3007: 2994: 2988: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969:31st Division 2966: 2962: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2927: 2921: 2892:267 prisoners 2882:of whom over 2874: 2857: 2856:James Edmonds 2849: 2847: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2821:7 to 21 July, 2818: 2813: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2778: 2772: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2746: 2739: 2737: 2730: 2728: 2717: 2704: 2694: 2683: 2682:Lehman Graben 2677: 2671: 2665: 2655: 2649: 2635: 2633: 2627: 2599: 2588: 2583: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2522: 2516: 2494: 2492: 2479: 2476: 2457: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2399: 2398:Helmut Graben 2389: 2383: 2382:Hauser Graben 2377: 2371: 2361: 2354:300 prisoners 2350: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2301:300 unwounded 2293: 2290: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2246: 2232: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2194:52nd Division 2191: 2187: 2186: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2158: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2141: 2132: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2104:137th Brigade 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2033: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2009: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1973: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1837: 1829: 1827: 1819:At zero plus 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1786:enfilade fire 1783: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1768: 1767:37th Division 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1729: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1646:(BEF) of six 1645: 1642:The original 1636: 1635:31st Division 1632: 1628: 1622: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1565:Generaloberst 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1546: 1539: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1513: 1512:Joseph Joffre 1509: 1505: 1504:Belgian coast 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1488:Western Front 1485: 1484:Italian Front 1481: 1480:Eastern Front 1477: 1466: 1459: 1457: 1451: 1446: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1405: 1404: 1396: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1331:186th Brigade 1328: 1327:185th Brigade 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303:124th Brigade 1300: 1296: 1295:41st Division 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1248:37th Division 1245: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1233:Major-General 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178:Western Front 1175: 1171: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1140: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1107:Meuse-Argonne 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1021:Passchendaele 1019: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 991: 990: 987: 985: 984: 980: 978: 975: 974: 973: 972: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 907: 906: 905: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 883:2nd Champagne 881: 877: 874: 873: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 851:1st Champagne 849: 848: 847: 846: 840: 837: 835: 832: 828: 825: 823: 820: 819: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 772: 771: 770:Great Retreat 768: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 740: 739: 736: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 706: 701: 696: 695:Western Front 688: 683: 681: 676: 674: 669: 668: 665: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 622: 621: 620:Mines, 1 July 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 602: 601: 600: 591: 588: 587: 586: 583: 579: 578:Regina Trench 576: 574: 573:Stuff Redoubt 571: 569: 566: 565: 564: 563:Ancre Heights 561: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 542: 539: 537: 534: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 515: 512: 508: 505: 504: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 486: 483: 482: 481: 478: 476: 475:Delville Wood 473: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 444: 441: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 403: 402: 399: 398: 397: 392: 387: 377: 372: 370: 365: 363: 358: 357: 354: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 303: 300: 295: 285: 280: 278: 273: 271: 266: 265: 262: 249: 245: 242: 241:Pas-de-Calais 238: 232: 211: 202: 198: 195: 194: 189: 185: 182: 181: 176: 173: 170: 168: 164: 163: 158: 154: 142: 139: 127: 126: 121: 113: 110: 109: 104: 75: 71: 67: 64: 63: 59: 56: 55: 51: 47: 42: 37: 34: 29: 24: 19: 6719: 6712: 6700: 6307: / 6239: 6074:Conscription 6038:Cryptography 5975:Iraqi Revolt 5402:Siege of Kut 5345: 4923:participants 4872:German Samoa 4806:South Arabia 4584:. Retrieved 4563: 4550:. Retrieved 4529: 4502: 4482: 4460: 4443: 4417:24 September 4415:. Retrieved 4395: 4390: 4377:. Retrieved 4356: 4334:. Retrieved 4315: 4295: 4276: 4257: 4238: 4217: 4196: 4177: 4155: 4136: 4117: 4094: 4072: 4055: 4033: 4014: 3991: 3945: 3933: 3921: 3894: 3867: 3860:Edmonds 1993 3855: 3843: 3836:Sheldon 2006 3831: 3804: 3792: 3780: 3743:Edmonds 1993 3723: 3711: 3704:Edmonds 1993 3687:Edmonds 1993 3682: 3670: 3658: 3651:Edmonds 1993 3646: 3639:Edmonds 1993 3634: 3627:Edmonds 1993 3612:Edmonds 1993 3607: 3595: 3583: 3576:Edmonds 1993 3571: 3564:Edmonds 1993 3559: 3547: 3540:Sheldon 2006 3535: 3523: 3516:Edmonds 1993 3511: 3504:Edmonds 1993 3499: 3492:Edmonds 1993 3487: 3480:Edmonds 1993 3475: 3468:Edmonds 1993 3463: 3456:Gliddon 1987 3451: 3444:Edmonds 1993 3439: 3432:Edmonds 1993 3415:Edmonds 1993 3400:Edmonds 1993 3383:Edmonds 1993 3363: 3356:Sheldon 2006 3341:Simpson 2001 3336: 3324: 3302:Doughty 2005 3297: 3290:Edmonds 1993 3285: 3278:Edmonds 1993 3273: 3266:Edmonds 1993 3261: 3250:Edmonds 1925 3245: 3238:Edmonds 1993 3233: 3226:Gliddon 1987 3221: 3198: 3189: 3179: 3158:. Guns: two 3135: 3125: 3084: 3045: 2993:R I Stellung 2989: 2965:93rd Brigade 2957: 2902:RIR 55 lost 2880: 4,300 2853: 2842:Thiepval-Süd 2825:8 to 23 July 2814: 2801: 2795: 2781: 2773: 2753: 2734: 2695: 2639: 2600: 2586: 2584: 2566: 2547: 2535: 2498: 2480: 2458: 2445: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2423: 2418: 2415: 2362: 2316: 2294: 2273: 2254: 2226: 2166:In May, the 2165: 2145: 2142: 2137:(10:30 a.m.) 2133: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2045: 2041: 2031: 2015: 1835: 1830:British plan 1803: 1775: 1771: 1751:Charles Hull 1736: 1685: 1676:field armies 1659: 1641: 1631:91st Brigade 1582: 1540: 1532:13 divisions 1516: 1506:and end the 1496:Douglas Haig 1473: 1398: 1345: 1270: 1263: 1256: 1236:Charles Hull 1169: 1167: 1138: 1137: 1097:Saint-Mihiel 1065:Belleau Wood 1048: 1036: 1035: 1026:La Malmaison 982: 970: 969: 935:Kink Salient 903: 902: 898:Gas: Wieltje 844: 843: 704: 598: 597: 485:Mouquet Farm 435: 431:La Boisselle 426:Contalmaison 395: 336:Contalmaison 331:La Boisselle 320: 167:Douglas Haig 123:Belligerents 31:Part of the 18: 6337:Netherlands 6314:Switzerland 6195:Occupations 6186:Spanish flu 5963:(1919–1922) 5957:(1918–1921) 5951:(1918–1923) 5940:(1919–1921) 5934:(1919–1921) 5928:(1919–1920) 5904:(1918–1920) 5898:(1918–1920) 5892:(1918–1920) 5874:(1918–1920) 5856:(1918–1920) 5850:(1917–1921) 5844:(1917–1921) 5791:(1916-1918) 5789:Arab Revolt 5780:(1915–1917) 5774:(1915–1917) 5762:(1914-1917) 5756:(1914–1917) 5750:(1914–1921) 5744:(1913–1920) 5732:(1910–1920) 5726:(1900–1920) 5699: [ 5217:July Crisis 5138:(1880–1914) 4801:Mesopotamia 4679:Home fronts 4638:World War I 3965:Wyrall 2003 3926:Peaple 2003 3168:60-pounders 3046:During the 2910:a total of 2676:Roth Graben 2642:10:00 a.m., 2521:Gruppe Nord 2462:12:15 p.m., 2337:Roth Graben 2245:Roth Graben 2206: [ 2175: [ 1825:30 minutes. 1817:20 minutes. 1576:, south of 1538:divisions. 1500:John French 1441:5/6 October 1221:Thomas Snow 1197:Fourth Army 1117:2nd Cambrai 955:Boar's Head 945:Mont Sorrel 652:Ancre, 1917 615:Boar's Head 541:Le Transloy 529:Gueudecourt 507:Martinpuich 453:Trônes Wood 341:Trônes Wood 186:5 regiments 183:2 divisions 98: / 60:1 July 1916 6754:Categories 6554:Agreements 6354:War crimes 6230:Luxembourg 6123:Casualties 4994:Montenegro 4829:South West 4709:Technology 4699:Propaganda 4689:Opposition 3974:References 3938:Falls 1992 3914:Falls 1992 3899:Falls 1992 3785:Duffy 2007 3773:Jones 2002 3758:Jones 2002 3368:Wynne 1976 3329:Foley 2007 3317:Wynne 1976 3068:11:00 a.m. 2985:9:55 p.m., 2981:12:15 p.m. 2934:See also: 2912:1,255 men. 2850:Casualties 2756:8 Squadron 2716:Süd Graben 2689:and N1 by 2664:Birkenwald 2659:11:00 a.m. 2622:75 British 2526:35 British 2515:Gruppe Süd 2440:11:00 a.m. 2388:Süd Graben 2331:Süd Graben 2018:VIII Corps 1815:zero plus 1812:12 minutes 1807:15 minutes 1753:) and the 1693:Wohngraben 1672:First Army 1549:(OHL, the 1536:20 British 1524:Tenth Army 1418:) and the 1383:overlooked 1347:Gommecourt 1342:Gommecourt 1337:Background 1238:) and the 1225:Gommecourt 1209:Sixth Army 1186:Third Army 930:Wulverghem 893:3rd Artois 871:2nd Artois 839:1st Artois 492:Guillemont 436:Gommecourt 321:Gommecourt 244:department 223:Gommecourt 86:02°38′46″E 83:50°08′27″N 70:Gommecourt 6451:Diplomacy 6158:Olympians 6081:Australia 6048:Logistics 5981:Vlora War 5910:(1918–19) 5886:(1918–19) 5880:(1918–19) 5868:(1918–19) 5815:(1916–17) 5797:(1916–17) 5748:Zaian War 5738:(1914–15) 5458:first day 5346:Lusitania 5174:(1912–13) 5168:(1911–12) 5156:(1908–09) 5150:(1905–06) 5132:(1870–71) 4921:Principal 4781:Gallipoli 4684:Memorials 4669:Geography 4659:Aftermath 4539:500051492 4481:(1968) . 4452:753114598 4404:557496951 4366:500351989 4218:The Somme 4093:(1992) . 4091:Falls, C. 4064:604621263 3989:(1982) . 3887:Bean 1982 3214:Footnotes 3170:, twelve 3166:, twelve 3140:Howitzers 3107:2:30 a.m. 3002:1:30 a.m. 2977:Leicester 2973:Leicester 2894:and lost 2884:1,300 men 2800:wrote in 2796:In 1965, 2787:Aftermath 2726:9:30 p.m. 2721:7:00 p.m. 2711:4:00 p.m. 2707:6:00 p.m. 2699:3:00 p.m. 2691:6:00 p.m. 2687:4:30 p.m. 2630:9:30 p.m. 2603:4:00 p.m. 2596:1:00 p.m. 2592:2:00 p.m. 2587:SOS bombs 2579:2:00 p.m. 2575:9:00 a.m. 2570:7:30 a.m. 2471:3:30 p.m. 2467:1:15 p.m. 2448:9:00 a.m. 2393:8:00 a.m. 2365:7:40 a.m. 2326:7:30 a.m. 2306:9:30 a.m. 2297:9:30 a.m. 2285:7:30 a.m. 2280:7:25 a.m. 2276:7:20 a.m. 2170:(General 1799:casemates 1763:VII Corps 1698:traversed 1648:divisions 1389:1914–1915 1371:La Bassée 1355:Hébuterne 1305:attacked 1259:7:30 a.m. 1217:VII Corps 1213:Maricourt 1112:5th Ypres 1092:2nd Somme 1070:2nd Marne 1060:3rd Aisne 1009:The Hills 1004:2nd Aisne 965:Fromelles 960:1st Somme 910:The Bluff 876:Hébuterne 866:2nd Ypres 827:1st Ypres 807:1st Aisne 802:1st Marne 775:Le Cateau 753:Charleroi 738:Frontiers 625:Lochnagar 468:High Wood 463:Fromelles 448:Longueval 411:Montauban 406:First day 311:Montauban 6739:Category 6326:Refugees 6292:Italians 6281:Germans 6241:Ober Ost 6021:Aviation 5115:Timeline 5086:Bulgaria 4867:Tsingtao 4844:Togoland 4791:Caucasus 4726:European 4718:Theatres 4573:53609664 4501:(1971). 4491:59766599 4442:(1965). 4176:(2006). 4054:(1925). 4013:(2005). 3172:4.7-inch 3160:9.2-inch 3152:9.2-inch 3025:Alberich 3018:Alberich 2996:, about 2817:Pozières 2792:Analysis 2777:St Amand 2731:1/2 July 2670:Kernwerk 2512:guns of 2510:22 heavy 2506:28 field 2501:X1 to G1 2453:200 men. 2431:Little Z 2376:Kernwerk 2370:Kernwerk 2349:Kernwerk 2346:and the 2231:Kernwerk 2050:and the 2035:— 1660:dug-outs 1610:5th Army 1605:Westheer 1600:2nd Army 1559:6th Army 1359:Puisieux 1174:2nd Army 1122:Courtrai 1077:Soissons 1016:Messines 983:Alberich 792:Maubeuge 748:Ardennes 743:Lorraine 711:Moresnet 546:Eaucourt 524:Lesbœufs 480:Pozières 458:Ovillers 421:Fricourt 326:Fricourt 178:Strength 65:Location 6477:Germany 6377:Germany 6305:Germany 6225:Belgium 6210:Albania 6169:Disease 6149:Sports 6101:Ireland 6014:Warfare 6007:Aspects 5195:Origins 5188:Prelude 5091:Senussi 5071:Germany 5066:Leaders 5004:Romania 4945:Belgium 4940:Leaders 4839:Kamerun 4821:African 4756:Romania 4734:Balkans 4649:Outline 3184:attack. 3148:12-inch 3144:15-inch 3089:of the 3060:Bucquoy 3006:Lincoln 2998:400 men 2983:and at 2904:455 men 2896:199 men 2626:parados 2615:⁄ 2483:18 were 2358:150 men 2250:N1 – N4 2240:G1 – G5 2236:X1 – X6 1867:23 June 1836:Weather 1821:25, the 1791:Adinfer 1718:Prelude 1702:parapet 1668:I Corps 1593:⁄ 1574:St Eloi 1520:Picardy 1375:Essarts 1313:of the 1291:Bucquoy 1199:on the 1087:Ailette 1055:The Lys 1049:Michael 1031:Cambrai 925:Hulluch 920:St Eloi 812:Antwerp 551:Le Sars 519:Combles 239:of the 237:commune 153:Germany 138:Britain 6497:Russia 6472:France 6300:Canada 6215:Serbia 6086:Canada 6043:Horses 5995:(1921) 5989:(1920) 5983:(1920) 5977:(1920) 5969:(1920) 5922:(1919) 5916:(1919) 5862:(1918) 5827:(1918) 5821:(1917) 5809:(1916) 5803:(1916) 5768:(1915) 5180:(1913) 5162:(1911) 5144:(1905) 5101:Darfur 5026:Serbia 5009:Russia 4972:Greece 4960:France 4950:Brazil 4796:Persia 4739:Serbia 4586:29 May 4579: 4571: 4552:29 May 4545: 4537: 4521:Theses 4509: 4489: 4467: 4450: 4410: 4402: 4379:18 May 4372: 4364: 4347:Theses 4336:28 May 4327: 4302: 4283: 4264: 4245: 4226: 4203: 4184: 4162: 4143: 4124: 4105: 4079: 4062: 4040: 4021: 3999: 3164:6-inch 3162:, two 3156:6-inch 3146:, two 3142:: two 3028:plan. 2942:; and 2768:B.E.2c 2550:25 men 2265:1 July 2260:Battle 1999:1 July 1706:25 men 1508:U-boat 1363:Albert 1127:Sambre 1082:Amiens 950:Verdun 780:Étreux 726:Dinant 514:Morval 497:Ginchy 416:Mametz 401:Albert 316:Mametz 248:France 150: 135: 111:Result 74:France 6694:Other 6487:Japan 6482:Italy 6309:camps 6153:Rugby 5703:] 4982:Japan 4977:Italy 4955:China 4849:North 4577:EThOS 4543:EThOS 4433:Books 4408:EThOS 4370:EThOS 3979:Books 3117:Notes 2924:90 mm 2920:77 mm 2819:from 2210:] 2179:] 2146:Z Day 2079:then 2022:Serre 2010:fine 2007:26–11 2005:79–52 1994:wind 1987:72–48 1976:wind 1971:19–11 1969:66–52 1958:dull 1955:20–10 1953:68–50 1942:dull 1939:20–12 1937:68–54 1926:dull 1923:22–11 1921:72–52 1910:wind 1907:22–12 1905:71–54 1894:dull 1891:22–11 1889:72–52 1878:wind 1875:26–13 1873:79–55 1851:(mm) 1846:Date 1681:corps 1578:Ypres 1367:Arras 1289:) at 1205:Serre 994:Arras 977:Ancre 731:Namur 721:Liège 630:Y Sap 585:Ancre 199:1,241 196:6,769 6274:POWs 5593:1918 5495:1917 5421:1916 5322:1915 5226:1914 5031:Siam 4834:East 4588:2015 4569:OCLC 4554:2015 4535:OCLC 4507:ISBN 4487:OCLC 4465:ISBN 4448:OCLC 4419:2017 4400:OCLC 4381:2016 4362:OCLC 4338:2016 4325:ISBN 4300:ISBN 4281:ISBN 4262:ISBN 4243:ISBN 4224:ISBN 4201:ISBN 4182:ISBN 4160:ISBN 4141:ISBN 4122:ISBN 4103:ISBN 4099:HMSO 4077:ISBN 4060:OCLC 4038:ISBN 4019:ISBN 3997:ISBN 3032:1918 2679:and 2651:and 2518:and 2508:and 2429:and 2334:and 2087:and 2071:and 2024:and 1992:dull 1989:22–9 1974:dull 1849:Rain 1805:for 1654:and 1168:The 1037:1918 999:Vimy 971:1917 904:1916 888:Loos 845:1915 822:Yser 758:Mons 705:1914 165:Sir 57:Date 2446:By 2274:At 2037:GHQ 2002:0.0 1984:0.0 1966:0.1 1950:2.0 1934:8.0 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Knowledge (XXG)

Attack on the Gommecourt Salient

Index