205:
188:
1867:(Sub-Lieutenant) Goffredo Franchini, in command of the sortie, climbed onto one of the wings. Franchini realised that if he joined the others, the life raft would be swamped and ordered the crew to make for the island nearby without him. The men in the raft decided to make for Dahlak Island and collected birds' eggs before setting off. The three men arrived after two weeks, were rescued by local civilians and collected by a destroyer, reaching Massawa three weeks after being shot down.
321:
1658:, Italian submarines and ships had frequently failed to make contact with the convoys, only six air attacks was achieved in October and none after 4 November. During the attack on Convoy BN 7, the British found that they were at a disadvantage in night fighting as they were temporarily blinded by the flash of their guns, while the Italian ships used flashless cordite and had good tracer ammunition. The British convoy escorts were blamed for a lack of aggression, except for
5936:
1160:
673:
139:
156:
174:
1267:
1016:
1491:
958:
1566:
660:) to prevent the Italians from receiving supplies and reinforcements. Allied merchant ships in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea were to proceed in escorted convoys. Naval ships were to sweep mines, patrol the Gulf of Aden and the Bab-el-Mandeb to isolate the Italian Red Sea Flotilla and protect Aden from sorties by Italian ships; the Italian naval bases in
615:. From May to June 1939, French and British military officials met at Aden to devise a common strategy to retain control of the waters around Italian East Africa if Italy declared war. It was expected that Italy could close the Mediterranean to Allied traffic and that supplies to the Middle East would have to be transported via the Red Sea. Control of the
328:
41:
1662:, despite the danger of abandoning the convoy at night and in poor visibility. The Italians had managed to make two torpedo attacks as planned but the division of the destroyers into two sections, after previous sorties had failed to find any ships, meant that neither section had the firepower to face the British escorts.
1075:, inflicted serious damage on it and on the next day, five SM.79s attacked Convoy BS 3A. A Blenheim IVF fighter, on convoy patrol, attacked the bombers but was damaged. On 6 September the convoy was attacked again by a SM.79. Convoy BN 4 was spotted by air reconnaissance and on the night of 5/6 September,
1240:
opened fire on the aircraft as it flew off to the west; shortly before dark, an undercarriage wheel of an
Italian aircraft was picked up 15 nmi (17 mi; 28 km) south of the island. Next morning, Italian aircraft dropped four bombs, two of which fell ahead of the convoy and two bombs
943:
Once war was declared, the fuel stored for the
Italian ships based at Massawa could only diminish under the British blockade. The accumulation of mechanical faults, fuel depletion and the enervating effect of the climate exercised severe constraints on the operations of the Red Sea Flotilla.
1150:
fighters which tried to intercept them. On the next day, Italian bombers were driven off by
Blenheim fighters. On 15 October, three SM.79 bombers were prevented from attacking another convoy by two Gladiator fighters and a Blenheim. Five days later, individual SM.79s attacked Convoy BN 7.
581:
Manoeuvring in two groups to increase the chance of intercepting the convoy had succeeded for the
Italians but sacrificed the benefits of concentration against the escorts and a destroyer was lost for no result. The British command at Aden criticised the escorts (excepting
1012:. The SM.81 was damaged hit an island trying to force land, bounced into the air and flew on at wave top height, with the Wellesley flying above and to one side for its gunners to keep firing. After ten minutes the Italian aircraft hit the sea and shed its wings.
1482:, also in pursuit. After five minutes, the cruiser altered course east to rejoin the convoy, since the Italian ship was drawing away at the rate of 7 kn (8.1 mph; 13 km/h) and the convoy would still be vulnerable to attack during a pursuit.
1001:
amphibian to bomb an
Italian wireless station on Centre Peak Island between Massawa and the Arabian coast. On 2 July, Convoy BN 1, comprising six tankers and three freighters, assembled in the Gulf of Aden. On 8 July, an SM.81 of 10°
1651:
In August the
British had run four BN (southbound) convoys and four BS convoys, five in September and seven in October, the BN convoys comprising 86 ships and the BS convoys 72 ships. Despite agent reports and sightings by the
389:
586:) for a lack of aggression but leaving the convoy defenceless to chase ships at night and in misty weather was risky. The Italians made another fruitless sortie on 3 December, cancelled one in January 1941 after the destroyer
652:, Gate of Tears). The Italian port of Massawa in Eritrea was about 350 nmi (400 mi; 650 km) north and Aden about 100 nmi (120 mi; 190 km) east of the Bab-el-Mandeb. The ports along the coast of
2657:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945 (online ed.). Wellington, NZ: Historical Publications Branch, Department of Internal Affairs, Government of New Zealand. pp. 1–7.
544:
between a
British force defending convoyed merchant ships and a flotilla of Italian destroyers. The Italian attack failed, with only one merchant ship being slightly damaged. After a chase, the British destroyer
6007:
382:
611:
The Red Sea is an area of high temperatures and humidity, its coasts vary from desert to high mountain ranges and navigation is fraught with danger from offshore reefs and false horizons caused by
6017:
1794:
sighted the convoy and fired three torpedoes, then fired again at a ship seen in a cloud of smoke, before turning away at high speed. The two other ships did not receive the sighting report from
4507:
6012:
3860:
1542:
lost all power; Borsini gave the order to abandon ship and steered towards Harmil Island. The upper works were hit by shell splinters and the crew abandoned ship, while
Borsini tried to run
1678:, Borsini declined to abandon ship and when his assistant Seaman Vincenzo Ciaravolo realised, jumped from his lifeboat to accompany his captain and both were drowned. Of the ship's company
5858:
3876:
375:
1146:(5,280 GRT) was damaged in an Italian air attack, one man was killed; the ship was towed to Aden and beached for repairs. On 19 September five SM.79s attacked a convoy and outpaced two
3799:
3771:
2915:
4203:
6002:
5837:
4516:
3337:
4819:
4182:
3491:
3116:
518:
1355:
opened fire and the
Italian ships separated and turned away at full speed, west-south-west, towards Massawa, firing their aft guns. The destroyers were broad on the port bow of
3832:
3778:
2964:
4289:
3785:
3401:
2811:
4175:
3622:
3498:
1550:
was then hit by the second of two torpedoes at 06:35, which broke it in two. (Borsini and his assistant declined to leave the ship and were drowned.) At 06:15 the four
3475:
2855:
1842:
3912:
3224:
1818:
and called by wireless for air cover at dawn, reaching port unharmed. Local
Italian press reports claimed that two ships had been hit but this report was mistaken.
1253:
took station on the port beam of the convoy between it and the Italian base at Massawa, which flanked the line of advance; the convoy zig-zagged through the night.
3731:
3033:
5730:
1893:
Borsini and his attendant Vincenzo Ciaravolo were awarded the Gold Medal by the Italian Navy, which then ordered that thenceforth, captains were to abandon ship.
5992:
4523:
4486:
4463:
3984:
2906:
2876:
1702:
opened fire on three aircraft at 13,000 ft (4,000 m), which bombed about 200 yd (180 m) ahead of the ship, two more bombs turning out to be
1504:
continued to sail at maximum speed and at 03:50 sighted smoke ahead, apparently from two ships retiring at high speed. At 05:40, off Harmil Island, lookouts on
1244:
4616:
3676:
1734:
was met by the convoy escorts in the afternoon of 23 October and after an uneventful passage, dispersed east of Aden on 28 October. Later on 21 October, three
4472:
4456:
4428:
4196:
2883:
866:, from December 1940 to April 1941. Massawa had been fortified and lay behind numerous islands and reefs with mined approaches; there was a smaller base at
5373:
4440:
4352:
4296:
4259:
4252:
3541:
805:. Aden was the base for two minesweepers, two small Armed Merchant Cruisers and two armed trawlers. Ships attached temporarily included the light cruisers
4345:
3077:
2569:. Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45 (online scan ed.). Wellington, NZ: War History Branch, Dept. of Internal Affairs.
1630:
sent a boat with three shipwrights and an engine-room artificer; a wounded rating was transferred to the cruiser for medical attention. At about 10:00,
1558:
and hit the engine-room, wounding three men and holing the steam pipes. While adrift 10,000 yd (4.9 nmi; 9.1 km) from the shore battery,
4392:
5851:
4479:
2869:
2827:
5700:
3519:
3293:
3056:
2922:
2733:
1433:
HE and star shells on a ship that was firing red and green tracer. The range was increasing and the ship was lost to sight after the first salvoes.
1040:
553:
223:
2629:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series: The War at Sea 1939–1945. Vol. I (4th impr. online ed.). London: HMSO.
4595:
3429:
2929:
2841:
2777:
4798:
4310:
3160:
2698:
708:
418:
2398:
5394:
4826:
4572:
4447:
3533:
3364:
3070:
2987:
2606:
2553:
2534:
2511:
2455:
2376:
1690:
was out of action until 31 October, then returned to service capable of a reduced maximum speed, until fully repaired in the spring of 1941.
1071:(28–29 August) failing to find ships, despite agent reports and sightings by air reconnaissance. On 4 September, Italian bombers attacked SS
5627:
5034:
1429:
altered course to north-west to intercept the ships at the South Massawa Channel (the Harmil Island Passage) and at 02:45, opened fire with
4920:
4085:
3552:
3548:
3526:
3130:
399:
5542:
5006:
1335:
altered course to intercept, the captain assuming that they would run for home through the South Massawa Channel. After a challenge from
4338:
4324:
3537:
1614:
was 16 nmi (18 mi; 30 km) east by north of the Harmil South beacon and slowed to 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h).
5620:
5076:
3307:
5751:
5498:
4791:
4742:
4500:
4055:
3146:
2994:
2848:
3806:
5867:
4749:
4721:
4538:
4120:
3839:
1034:
980:
475:
430:
413:
341:
5062:
1232:
in the Bab-el-Mandeb, on the afternoon of 19 October, when an aircraft dropped four bombs close astern of one of the merchantmen.
6027:
5977:
5904:
5299:
4999:
4238:
4134:
3970:
3647:
3093:
1774:
sailed from Massawa, to intercept a convoy known to be in the area. BN 14 consisted of 39 merchant ships escorted by the cruiser
5258:
4030:
320:
5982:
5428:
5269:
5094:
4853:
4812:
4705:
4643:
3300:
3169:
3137:
1280:
587:
508:
5664:
5457:
4694:
3817:
1301:
were to divert the convoy escort and then attack the convoy with torpedoes. At 21:15 the two sections separated and at 23:21,
84:
5814:
5786:
4145:
3867:
3507:
3238:
2957:
2862:
2747:
1582:
managed to get under way, its speed reduced to 15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h) and the shore battery ceased fire when
5758:
5689:
5514:
4728:
5874:
5807:
5020:
4971:
4735:
4331:
4092:
3883:
2936:
1814:
but had run out of torpedoes. Fearful that the British were trying to spring ambush, the other Italian ships converged on
1209:
1317:
following 875 yd (800 m) behind. The convoy was about 35 nmi (40 mi; 65 km) north-north-west of
6022:
5948:
5844:
5219:
5180:
4099:
3934:
3919:
3846:
3825:
3643:
3321:
3107:
3100:
3084:
2795:
2754:
2726:
5911:
5235:
5187:
4805:
4777:
4630:
4245:
4224:
3745:
3408:
2804:
2620:
2469:
460:
5709:
4913:
3314:
1413:
was not able to attack after its rudder jammed for several minutes and it went round in circles, losing contact with
1439:
altered course westwards to bring all guns to bear if the ships were making for the South Massawa Channel. At 02:20
5987:
5205:
5124:
5069:
4957:
4563:
4189:
4113:
4015:
3892:
3764:
3757:
3717:
3690:
3422:
3355:
3022:
2950:
2761:
2691:
1536:
rounded Harmil Island at about 06:25, it was hit once in the forward engine room and once in the aft engine room.
5611:
5528:
5313:
5173:
5145:
4978:
4883:
4673:
4106:
3180:
2834:
885:
5350:
5327:
4579:
4380:
4373:
4037:
3697:
3669:
3662:
3385:
3049:
2465:
1551:
924:
897:
440:
1279:
The Italian flotilla sailed on 20 October, the destroyers operating in pairs, Section I, comprised the faster
845:
The Italian naval and air bases in East Africa were convenient for attacks on shipping in the Red Sea and the
5772:
5716:
5586:
5446:
5131:
4784:
4680:
4586:
4154:
4022:
3992:
3956:
3941:
3813:
3705:
3683:
3629:
3615:
3597:
3261:
3042:
2770:
2719:
2402:
1447:
by searchlight and exchanged fire for about ten minutes at about 4,600 yd (2.3 nmi; 4.2 km),
1066:
891:
179:
2650:
5464:
5357:
5159:
5110:
5013:
4906:
4876:
4659:
4547:
4273:
4064:
3655:
3636:
3606:
3153:
3123:
1837:
990:
976:
612:
4127:
5997:
5955:
5678:
5521:
5417:
5387:
5343:
5083:
5048:
5041:
4964:
4862:
4303:
4280:
3738:
3275:
3015:
3001:
2684:
920:
881:
799:
3330:
2523:
Dust Clouds in the Middle East: The Air War for East Africa, Iran, Syria, Iran and Madagascar, 1940–42
1610:
reported that it was steaming east at 15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h) on one engine. At 08:25,
5779:
5634:
5285:
5242:
5212:
5138:
4948:
4927:
3853:
3008:
2478:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I (4th impr. ed.).
1591:
1348:
1318:
819:
657:
465:
445:
2387:
1512:
spotted each other at 7 nmi (8.1 mi; 13 km) range. Borsini assumed that the ship was
5897:
5671:
5549:
5505:
5027:
4161:
3927:
3454:
3284:
3268:
3217:
1739:
1195:
736:
687:
546:
513:
423:
78:
1602:
left the convoy and at 06:54 increased speed to 26 kn (30 mph; 48 km/h). By 07:34,
1008:
flew a long range reconnaissance sortie over southern Sudan and the Red Sea and was attacked by a
5890:
5723:
5648:
5602:
5572:
5480:
5320:
4985:
4869:
4763:
4714:
4652:
4408:
4359:
4168:
4071:
3792:
3447:
3378:
3245:
2426:
1832:
1802:
saw the ships and fired torpedoes, hearing explosions and claiming probables on two merchantmen;
1466:
lost contact in the haze and ceased fire (having fired a hundred and twenty-nine 6-inch rounds).
1290:
1219:
998:
768:
762:
755:
743:
730:
653:
632:
355:
272:
232:
5935:
1746:. The Italians made another fruitless sortie on 3 December, cancelled one in January 1941 after
900:, in four turrets on the centre line. Only two turrets could aim fore and aft but the eight-gun
1176:
Norwegian, French, Greek and Turkish merchant ships. The escort consisted of the light cruiser
993:), sailing independently about 12 nmi (14 mi; 22 km) south of Aden. On 19 June,
5881:
5765:
5655:
5595:
5556:
5489:
5471:
5437:
5380:
5334:
5278:
5103:
4841:
4833:
4770:
4623:
4217:
3749:
3394:
3371:
3210:
3189:
2899:
2658:
2630:
2602:
2570:
2549:
2530:
2507:
2483:
2451:
2406:
2372:
2355:
2347:
1188:
1147:
1009:
970:
901:
813:
774:
724:
694:
628:
5800:
5793:
5737:
5401:
5166:
5152:
5055:
4992:
4943:
4756:
4609:
4556:
4366:
4317:
4231:
3461:
3438:
2971:
2564:
2473:
2448:
Struggle for the Middle Sea: The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater, 1940–1945
1827:
1735:
1381:
had been manoeuvring to a more favourable position after receiving the sighting report from
1198:
840:
787:
672:
541:
503:
498:
470:
455:
236:
32:
2624:
5823:
5535:
5450:
5408:
5306:
5249:
5117:
4899:
4890:
4419:
4001:
3977:
3573:
3231:
2616:
1225:
1212:
1115:
806:
568:
450:
2597:
O'Hara, Vincent P. (2012). "Red Sea, Naval Operations in". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.).
1159:
367:
5830:
5366:
5292:
3344:
3203:
1595:
1562:
silenced two of the guns and wounding four gunners with 45 HE shells from No. 3 mount.
826:
793:
144:
5971:
5641:
3566:
3415:
3254:
1367:
avoided two torpedoes by turning towards them and combing their tracks. Observers in
871:
863:
701:
683:
643:
210:
5940:
5744:
4044:
3949:
3580:
2943:
2707:
936:
860:
846:
749:
620:
616:
488:
267:
2475:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)
975:(Italian Royal Air Force) commenced operations over the Red Sea and on 11 June a
5579:
5565:
5227:
3903:
3724:
3709:
3063:
2526:
1459:
1266:
1177:
1015:
572:
161:
1490:
957:
4934:
4687:
4666:
3559:
2892:
2820:
1371:
thought that the leading enemy vessel was hit by their fourth or fifth salvo.
780:
639:
2634:
2487:
2359:
967:
In June four of the eight Italian submarines based at Massawa were lost. The
99:
86:
5197:
4602:
4399:
4210:
4008:
3963:
2980:
2574:
1528:
closed the range to 5,000 yd (2.5 nmi; 4.6 km) and at 06:20,
642:, lay on the west coast of the Red Sea, about halfway between Suez and the
493:
262:
193:
3484:
2662:
2504:
Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two
1565:
2427:"HMS Kimberley (F 50) K-class Destroyer including Convoy Escort Movements"
2410:
1718:
they were cheered by hundreds of New Zealand soldiers.) In the afternoon,
3468:
3196:
2223:
2221:
1606:
was making 28.7 kn (33.0 mph; 53.2 km/h) and soon after,
2346:. Translated by Hoffman, G. Annapolis Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1750:
was damaged by a bomb and on 24 January, sortied again with no result.
1409:
made another torpedo attack at 02:07 and turned away towards Massawa. (
1033:
failed to find two Greek merchantmen and a sortie by the torpedo boats
850:
661:
606:
537:
351:
347:
257:
74:
70:
40:
1806:
failed to find the convoy. Close to the Massawa in the South Channel,
1331:
reported two destroyers 4 nmi (4.6 mi; 7.4 km) off and
592:
was damaged by a bomb and conducted an abortive sortie on 24 January.
4078:
2078:
2076:
1880:
had escorted convoys in the Red Sea and intercepted blockade-running
1422:
896:(Commander Paolo Aloisi) had an unusually powerful armament of eight
560:
286:
46:
4266:
1564:
1489:
1265:
1229:
1158:
1014:
956:
867:
671:
631:(Djibouti) was equally important but a withdrawal from French and
2546:
Air War East Africa 1940–41: The RAF Versus the Italian Air Force
2479:
1881:
1622:
to keep freedom of manoeuvre, in case Italian bombers appeared.
1532:
scraped a reef, which damaged a propeller and sprung a leak. As
1172:
Convoy BN 7 was northbound through the Red Sea and consisted of
979:
flew a reconnaissance sortie. On 16 June, the Italian submarine
915:
machine-guns, four 21.0 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes and
624:
2680:
2676:
2401:, Series 2. Vol. I (online scan ed.). Canberra, ACT:
2351:
371:
2446:
O'Hara, Vincent P. (2009). "Chapter 6: The Red Sea, 1940–41".
1730:
next morning, for Port Sudan. The southbound convoy BS 7 with
1703:
1106:
patrolling further to the north, also failed to find BN 4 but
1955:
1953:
623:
at the northern terminus and the maintenance of the bases at
2468:; Stitt, G. M. S.; Molony, C. J. C.; Toomer, S. E. (1959) .
2269:
2267:
2208:
2206:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
1524:
was taken by surprise, not returning fire for four minutes.
1118:. Air reconnaissance also found Convoy BN 5 of 23 ships but
1095:
followed on 6/7 September but the destroyers found nothing.
2506:(2nd rev. ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
2012:
2010:
1985:
1983:
6008:
Naval battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
2254:
2252:
2153:
2151:
1940:
1938:
1936:
715:
on 26 May. By September the Force comprised the cruisers
1970:
1968:
1363:
fired two torpedoes at 23:31 and another pair at 23:34.
2388:"Chapter 5, R. A. N. Ships Overseas June–December 1940"
2117:
2115:
2039:
2037:
1714:
re-joined Convoy BN 7 just after noon. (As they passed
3338:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1861:
Three survivors got into a life raft and the observer
1114:(4,008 GRT) straggling behind the convoy south of the
656:
and the entrance to the Red Sea were to be blockaded (
1923:
1921:
700:(Senior Naval Officer Red Sea, Rear-Admiral Murray);
1586:
was 19,000 yd (9.4 nmi; 17 km) away.
1347:
at the convoy, inflicting some splinter damage to a
6018:
Naval battles of World War II involving New Zealand
5699:
5427:
5268:
5093:
4852:
4704:
4642:
4546:
4537:
4418:
4144:
4054:
3902:
3605:
3596:
3354:
3179:
3032:
2794:
2787:
1495:
Harmil Island in the Dahlak Archipelago off Massawa
536:(20–21 October 1940) was a naval engagement in the
6013:Naval battles of World War II involving Australia
2094:
1686:rescued by sailors of the Harmil Island battery.
1313:and moved ahead of the convoy to intercept, with
571:on the island and towed to safety by the cruiser
2082:
2055:
1843:List of classes of British ships of World War II
346:Massawa (Mitsiwa), former Italian naval base in
2672:– via New Zealand Electronic Text Centre.
2584:– via New Zealand Electronic Text Centre.
2425:Mason, G. B. (3 August 2011). Smith, G. (ed.).
1249:, carrying New Zealand troops to Suez. At dusk
1183:(Commander James Rivett-Carnac), the destroyer
25:
2371:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1478:challenged a destroyer which turned out to be
1293:). Section II, the slower, more heavily armed
935:machine-guns, six 53.3 cm (21.0 in)
6003:Naval battles of World War II involving Italy
2692:
2502:Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992) .
1862:
1653:
1003:
968:
875:
854:
682:In April 1940 the Royal Navy established the
383:
8:
1325:sighted two patches of smoke bearing north.
1242:
647:
853:was the home port of the Red Sea Flotilla (
16:Naval engagement in the Red Sea during WWII
4543:
3602:
2791:
2699:
2685:
2677:
2325:
2289:
2273:
2231:
2212:
2197:
2142:
2016:
1989:
390:
376:
368:
22:
45:Eritrea, showing Massawa (Mitsiwa'e) and
2285:
2258:
1974:
1959:
1385:, turned towards the convoy and spotted
1061:from 24 to 25 August and the destroyers
1905:
1854:
4524:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2548:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation.
2313:
2243:
2227:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2121:
2067:
2043:
2001:
1425:off Massawa. When the gunfire ceased,
1285:(Commander Moretti degli Adimari) and
1241:harmlessly astern of the French liner
5395:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4827:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
4473:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4429:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3534:Rape during the occupation of Germany
2301:
1187:(Commander J. S. M. Richardson), the
401:East African campaign of World War II
7:
5993:East African campaign (World War II)
4517:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3549:Rape during the liberation of France
2599:World War II at Sea: An Encyclopedia
2544:Sutherland, J.; Canwell, D. (2009).
2157:
2106:
2028:
1944:
1927:
1912:
2450:. London: Conway. pp. 99–107.
1451:scoring several hits which damaged
1224:. Convoy BN 7 was nearing Perim, a
648:
4743:German invasion of the Netherlands
3023:Weather events during World War II
1626:had lost water in its boilers and
1500:In the early hours of 21 October,
14:
5374:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
2399:Australia in the War of 1939–1945
1876:After joining the Red Sea Force,
1470:headed toward Harmil Island with
1421:towards the Italian batteries on
911:pom-pom anti-aircraft guns, four
5934:
2395:Royal Australian Navy, 1939–1942
2344:The Italian Navy in World War II
2342:Bragadin, Marc' Antonio (1957).
1462:and gunnery director. At 02:51,
1351:on the convoy commodore's ship.
326:
319:
203:
186:
172:
154:
137:
39:
2651:"Protection of Red Sea Convoys"
2601:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
1305:sighted smoke from the convoy.
327:
5621:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
3331:Territorial changes of Germany
3239:Indonesian National Revolution
2369:Naval Weapons of World War Two
1742:found and bombed the wreck of
1401:opened fire but lost sight of
1142:failed to find the convoy. MV
1049:sortied from 21 to 25 August,
925:4.7 in (120 mm) guns
898:4.7 in (120 mm) guns
729:and the anti-aircraft cruiser
677:Topographic map of the Red Sea
1:
5021:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4972:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4736:German invasion of Luxembourg
3117:Mediterranean and Middle East
2095:Sutherland & Canwell 2009
1762:1941, the Italian destroyers
1321:at 02:19 on 21 October, when
567:was hit, disabled by Italian
4928:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4617:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3935:Independent State of Croatia
2521:Shores, Christopher (1996).
2083:Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992
2056:Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992
1228:off the south-west coast of
5912:End of World War II in Asia
5752:Western invasion of Germany
5259:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
5236:Second Battle of El Alamein
4806:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4778:Battle of the Mediterranean
4631:Italian invasion of Albania
2805:Air warfare of World War II
1726:which left the convoy with
1110:torpedoed the Greek tanker
907:The class also carried two
904:was unique for destroyers.
6044:
5838:Naval bombardment of Japan
5206:First Battle of El Alamein
5125:Battle of Christmas Island
5070:Japanese invasion of Burma
4834:Italian invasion of Greece
4750:German invasion of Belgium
4722:German invasion of Denmark
4695:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
4564:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2828:Comparative military ranks
2566:The Royal New Zealand Navy
985:sank the Norwegian tanker
838:
635:had also be contemplated.
604:
5927:
5759:Bratislava–Brno offensive
5690:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
5314:Allied invasion of Sicily
5174:Aleutian Islands campaign
5146:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
5084:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4979:Second Battle of Changsha
4884:German invasion of Greece
4729:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
3071:North and Central Pacific
2714:
1706:. No damage was done and
1554:on Harmil Island engaged
1474:in pursuit and at 03:00,
1024:bomber-transport aircraft
446:British Somaliland (1941)
419:British Somaliland (1940)
409:
314:
295:
250:
217:
127:
53:
38:
30:
5351:Allied invasion of Italy
5328:Solomon Islands campaign
5077:Third Battle of Changsha
4674:First Battle of Changsha
4580:Second Sino-Japanese War
3520:German military brothels
3386:United States war crimes
2386:Gill, G. Hermon (1957).
1698:At 10:00 on 21 October,
1590:had fired 596 rounds of
1486:Action off Harmil Island
923:had an armament of four
856:Flottiglia del mar rosso
686:with the light cruisers
6028:Eritrea in World War II
5978:Convoys of World War II
5773:Second Guangxi campaign
5628:Philippines (1944–1945)
5132:Battle of the Coral Sea
5035:Fall of the Philippines
4681:Battle of South Guangxi
4587:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3993:Italian Social Republic
2403:Australian War Memorial
2367:Campbell, John (1985).
1722:transferred the tow to
1546:aground on the island.
1389:at 01:48 (21 October).
1210:Hunt-class minesweepers
1087:sailed. The destroyers
638:The British-controlled
554:Italian destroyer
305:1 merchant ship damaged
5983:History of the Red Sea
5358:Armistice of Cassibile
5160:Battle of Dutch Harbor
5111:Battle of the Java Sea
5014:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4914:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4907:Battle of South Shanxi
4877:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4660:Battle of the Atlantic
4274:Korean Liberation Army
3987:(until September 1943)
3944:(until September 1944)
3922:(until September 1944)
2649:Waters, S. D. (1950).
2563:Waters, S. D. (1956).
1863:
1838:Attack on Convoy AN 14
1798:but ten minutes later
1754:Attack on Convoy BN 14
1654:
1576:
1574:(photographed in 1942)
1520:opened fire at 05:53,
1497:
1289:(Lieutenant Commander
1276:
1243:
1169:
1164:Australian sloop HMAS
1134:, with the submarines
1026:
1004:
991:Gross register tonnage
977:Savoia-Marchetti SM.81
969:
964:
921:Sauro-class destroyers
882:Leone-class destroyers
876:
855:
818:, the 8-inch cruisers
679:
619:, the Red Sea and the
613:atmospheric refraction
276:Convoy BN 7 (32 ships)
218:Commanders and leaders
5522:Second Battle of Guam
5418:Bengal famine of 1943
5388:Second Battle of Kiev
5344:Battle of the Dnieper
5049:Battle of Wake Island
4921:East African campaign
4863:Battle of South Henan
4508:atrocities by Germans
4281:Korean Volunteer Army
3262:Occupation of Germany
3016:Music in World War II
2644:– via Hyperwar.
2431:World War 2 1939–1945
1694:Subsequent operations
1568:
1493:
1269:
1162:
1018:
960:
675:
664:were to be attacked.
559:which was beached on
534:Attack on Convoy BN 7
296:Casualties and losses
244:Adriano M. D. Adimari
100:15.60972°N 39.45000°E
26:Attack on Convoy BN 7
5808:Surrender of Germany
5286:Battle of West Hubei
5243:Guadalcanal campaign
5213:Battle of Stalingrad
5139:Battle of Madagascar
3913:Albania protectorate
3700:(formerly Swaziland)
3409:Wehrmacht war crimes
3225:Expulsion of Germans
3009:Art and World War II
2907:British contribution
2856:Governments in exile
2405:. pp. 140–246.
1947:, pp. 134, 201.
1915:, pp. 133, 199.
1592:Semi-Armour Piercing
1319:Jabal al-Tair Island
1196:Grimsby-class sloops
1029:From 26 to 31 July,
1020:Photograph of SM.81
709:New Zealand Division
342:class=notpageimage|
6023:October 1940 events
5898:Potsdam Declaration
5787:Italy (Spring 1945)
5550:Liberation of Paris
5007:Siege of Sevastopol
4025:(until August 1944)
3928:Wang Jingwei regime
3750:from September 1943
3710:from September 1944
3648:from September 1944
3508:Romanian war crimes
3499:Persecution of Jews
3485:Croatian war crimes
3455:Japanese war crimes
3269:Occupation of Japan
3218:First Indochina War
2930:Military production
2842:Declarations of war
2433:. Naval-History.Net
2328:, pp. 106–107.
2160:, pp. 227–228.
1962:, pp. 335–338.
1417:.) Borsini ordered
1405:after two minutes.
1393:fired a torpedo at
509:East Indies Station
483:Associated articles
303:1 destroyer damaged
227:J. S. M. Richardson
224:James Rivett-Carnac
96: /
79:Italian East Africa
5891:Surrender of Japan
5724:Battle of Iwo Jima
5573:Belgrade offensive
4986:Siege of Leningrad
4870:Battle of Shanggao
4799:British Somaliland
4764:Dunkirk evacuation
4715:Norwegian campaign
4653:Invasion of Poland
4480:Japanese prisoners
3448:Italian war crimes
3379:British war crimes
3294:Soviet occupations
3078:South-West Pacific
2965:Allied cooperation
2923:Military equipment
2466:Playfair, I. S. O.
2085:, pp. 33, 35.
2070:, pp. 58, 73.
2058:, pp. 29, 32.
1833:Costantino Borsini
1577:
1498:
1291:Costantino Borsini
1277:
1271:Italian destroyer
1170:
1027:
999:Supermarine Walrus
965:
680:
654:Italian Somaliland
633:British Somaliland
356:Dahlak Archipelago
233:Costantino Borsini
105:15.60972; 39.45000
61:20–21 October 1940
5988:Conflicts in 1940
5965:
5964:
5923:
5922:
5766:Battle of Okinawa
5665:Burma (1944–1945)
5499:Mariana and Palau
5279:Tunisian campaign
5104:Fall of Singapore
5028:Fall of Hong Kong
4771:Battle of Britain
4624:Operation Himmler
4533:
4532:
4197:Dutch East Indies
3840:Southern Rhodesia
3592:
3591:
3492:Genocide of Serbs
3395:German war crimes
3372:Soviet war crimes
3365:Allied war crimes
3211:Division of Korea
3190:Chinese Civil War
2988:Strategic bombing
2900:Manhattan Project
2608:978-1-59884-458-0
2555:978-1-84415-816-4
2536:978-1-898697-37-4
2513:978-1-55750-105-9
2457:978-1-84486-102-6
2378:978-0-87021-459-2
2246:, pp. 90–91.
2184:, pp. 89–90.
2097:, pp. 55–56.
1655:Regia Aeronautica
1397:which missed and
1189:Egret-class sloop
1148:Gloster Gladiator
1045:came to nothing.
1010:Vickers Wellesley
971:Regia Aeronautica
735:; the destroyers
629:French Somaliland
527:
526:
514:East Africa Force
431:French Somaliland
366:
365:
285:Shore battery on
123:
122:
49:to the north-east
6035:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5941:World portal
5939:
5938:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5817:
5810:
5803:
5801:Prague offensive
5796:
5794:Battle of Berlin
5789:
5782:
5775:
5768:
5761:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5738:Vienna offensive
5733:
5726:
5719:
5717:Battle of Manila
5712:
5692:
5683:
5674:
5667:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5607:
5598:
5591:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5510:
5501:
5494:
5485:
5476:
5467:
5460:
5458:Korsun–Cherkassy
5453:
5442:
5420:
5411:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5300:Bombing of Gorky
5295:
5288:
5281:
5261:
5254:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5167:Battle of Midway
5162:
5155:
5153:Battle of Gazala
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5063:Battle of Borneo
5058:
5056:Malayan campaign
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
5000:Bombing of Gorky
4995:
4993:Battle of Moscow
4988:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4845:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4757:Battle of France
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4610:Munich Agreement
4605:
4598:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4566:
4559:
4544:
4526:
4519:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4495:Soviet prisoners
4489:
4482:
4475:
4466:
4459:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4435:German prisoners
4431:
4411:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3995:
3988:
3980:
3973:
3971:French Indochina
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3895:
3886:
3879:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3818:from August 1944
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3701:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3603:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3544:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3462:Nanjing Massacre
3457:
3450:
3441:
3439:Nuremberg trials
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3172:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3043:Asia and Pacific
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2974:
2972:Mulberry harbour
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2807:
2792:
2780:
2773:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2621:Butler, J. R. M.
2612:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2559:
2540:
2517:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2470:Butler, J. R. M.
2461:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2392:
2382:
2363:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2225:
2216:
2210:
2201:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2146:
2140:
2125:
2119:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1931:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1859:
1828:Red Sea Flotilla
1778:, the destroyer
1761:
1758:On the night of
1733:
1685:
1682:were killed and
1681:
1673:
1657:
1457:
1432:
1248:
1175:
1100:Galileo Ferraris
1053:(25–31 August),
1051:Galileo Ferraris
1007:
974:
942:
934:
930:
918:
914:
910:
879:
858:
841:Red Sea Flotilla
835:Red Sea Flotilla
651:
650:
542:Second World War
504:Desert Air Force
499:Red Sea Flotilla
404:
402:
392:
385:
378:
369:
330:
329:
323:
310:1 destroyer sunk
241:
213:
209:
207:
206:
192:
190:
189:
182:
178:
176:
175:
160:
158:
157:
143:
141:
140:
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
55:
54:
43:
33:Second World War
23:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6032:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5954:
5947:
5933:
5931:
5919:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5857:
5852:Atomic bombings
5850:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5695:
5688:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5626:
5619:
5610:
5601:
5594:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5555:
5548:
5543:Eastern Romania
5541:
5536:Warsaw Uprising
5534:
5529:Tannenberg Line
5527:
5520:
5515:Western Ukraine
5513:
5504:
5497:
5488:
5479:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5445:
5436:
5423:
5416:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5307:Battle of Kursk
5305:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5264:
5257:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5195:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5118:St Nazaire Raid
5116:
5109:
5102:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4942:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4900:Anglo-Iraqi War
4898:
4891:Battle of Crete
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4848:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4820:Eastern Romania
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4638:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4562:
4555:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4506:
4499:
4494:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4462:
4455:
4446:
4439:
4434:
4427:
4414:
4407:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4381:Western Ukraine
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4325:Northeast China
4323:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4031:Slovak Republic
4029:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4002:Empire of Japan
4000:
3991:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3918:
3911:
3898:
3891:
3882:
3875:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3704:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3588:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3547:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3514:Sexual violence
3513:
3506:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3283:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3237:
3232:Greek Civil War
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3175:
3168:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3057:South-East Asia
3055:
3048:
3041:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2916:Military awards
2914:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2810:
2803:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2741:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2667:
2665:
2648:
2639:
2637:
2615:
2609:
2596:
2593:
2591:Further reading
2588:
2579:
2577:
2562:
2556:
2543:
2537:
2520:
2514:
2501:
2492:
2490:
2464:
2458:
2445:
2436:
2434:
2424:
2415:
2413:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2366:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2226:
2219:
2211:
2204:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2128:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1875:
1871:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1824:
1782:and the sloops
1759:
1756:
1744:Francesco Nullo
1731:
1696:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1668:
1649:
1644:
1575:
1496:
1488:
1455:
1430:
1287:Francesco Nullo
1275:
1264:
1259:
1226:volcanic island
1173:
1168:
1157:
1128:Cesare Battisti
1116:Farasan Islands
1098:The submarines
1077:Cesare Battisti
1055:Francesco Nullo
1042:Francesco Nullo
1036:Cesare Battisti
1025:
982:Galileo Galilei
963:
955:
953:Red Sea convoys
950:
940:
932:
928:
916:
912:
908:
859:) commanded by
843:
837:
678:
670:
658:Operation Begum
609:
603:
598:
569:shore batteries
556:Francesco Nullo
530:
529:
528:
523:
519:Order of battle
480:
405:
400:
398:
396:
362:
361:
360:
359:
358:
344:
338:
337:
336:
335:
331:
309:
304:
302:
291:
275:
270:
265:
260:
245:
243:
237:
228:
226:
204:
202:
201:
198:
187:
185:
173:
171:
170:
155:
153:
138:
136:
119:British victory
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
81:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6041:
6039:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5970:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5952:
5945:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5871:
5868:South Sakhalin
5864:
5863:
5862:
5848:
5841:
5834:
5827:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5705:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5668:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5608:
5599:
5592:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5502:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5443:
5433:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5347:
5340:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5293:Battle of Attu
5289:
5282:
5274:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5255:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5099:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5042:Battle of Guam
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4965:Battle of Kiev
4961:
4954:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4858:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4710:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4648:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4583:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4552:
4550:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4504:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4476:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:United Kingdom
4460:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4432:
4424:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4150:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3868:British Empire
3861:United Kingdom
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3702:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3677:Czechoslovakia
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3609:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3574:Rape of Manila
3570:
3563:
3556:
3545:
3530:
3523:
3511:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3412:
3405:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3345:United Nations
3341:
3334:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3204:Decolonization
3200:
3193:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3150:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2896:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2877:United Kingdom
2873:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2800:
2798:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2723:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2646:
2617:Roskill, S. W.
2613:
2607:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2560:
2554:
2541:
2535:
2518:
2512:
2499:
2462:
2456:
2443:
2422:
2383:
2377:
2364:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2292:, p. 103.
2288:, p. 41;
2278:
2276:, p. 105.
2263:
2261:, p. 248.
2248:
2236:
2234:, p. 105.
2230:, p. 90;
2217:
2215:, p. 104.
2202:
2200:, p. 103.
2196:, p. 90;
2186:
2174:
2162:
2147:
2145:, p. 103.
2126:
2111:
2109:, p. 227.
2099:
2087:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2033:
2031:, p. 201.
2021:
2019:, p. 101.
2006:
1994:
1992:, p. 102.
1979:
1964:
1949:
1932:
1930:, p. 133.
1917:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1886:
1869:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1755:
1752:
1695:
1692:
1667:
1664:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1596:High Explosive
1569:
1494:
1487:
1484:
1270:
1263:
1262:Italian sortie
1260:
1258:
1255:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1019:
961:
954:
951:
949:
946:
931:pom-poms, two
872:scout cruisers
839:Main article:
836:
833:
676:
669:
666:
602:
599:
597:
594:
552:torpedoed the
525:
524:
522:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
427:
426:
416:
410:
407:
406:
397:
395:
394:
387:
380:
372:
364:
363:
354:, west of the
345:
340:
339:
333:
332:
325:
324:
318:
317:
316:
315:
312:
311:
306:
298:
297:
293:
292:
290:
289:
283:
279:
277:
253:
252:
248:
247:
230:
220:
219:
215:
214:
199:
197:
196:
183:
167:
166:
165:
164:
148:
147:
145:United Kingdom
133:
130:
129:
125:
124:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6040:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5913:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5875:Kuril Islands
5872:
5869:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5821:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5774:
5770:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5728:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5687:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5657:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5642:Syrmian Front
5639:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5588:Market Garden
5584:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5448:
5447:Monte Cassino
5444:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5419:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5359:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4941:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4813:Baltic states
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:United States
4454:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4393:Quốc dân Đảng
4390:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4093:Liechtenstein
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:United States
3874:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:Comfort women
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3551: /
3550:
3546:
3543:
3540: /
3539:
3536: /
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:Camp brothels
3524:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:The Holocaust
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:forced labour
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:Marshall Plan
3252:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3108:Eastern Front
3105:
3102:
3101:Western Front
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2995:Puppet states
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2937:Naval history
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2884:United States
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2626:The Defensive
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2319:
2316:, p. 91.
2315:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2286:Bragadin 1957
2282:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:Playfair 1959
2255:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2172:, p. 90.
2171:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2124:, p. 89.
2123:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2046:, p. 33.
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2004:, p. 17.
2003:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1977:, p. 41.
1976:
1975:Bragadin 1957
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:Campbell 1985
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1748:Daniele Manin
1745:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:Felix Roussel
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:circled near
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1423:Harmil Island
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1245:Felix Roussel
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:Daniele Manin
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:Daniele Manin
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:
978:
973:
972:
959:
952:
947:
945:
938:
937:torpedo tubes
926:
922:
905:
903:
899:
895:
894:
889:
888:
883:
878:
873:
869:
865:
864:Mario Bonetti
862:
857:
852:
848:
842:
834:
832:
830:
829:
824:
823:
817:
816:
811:
810:
804:
803:
797:
796:
791:
790:
785:
784:
778:
777:
772:
771:
766:
765:
760:
759:
754:; the sloops
753:
752:
747:
746:
741:
740:
734:
733:
728:
727:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:
699:
698:
692:
691:
685:
684:Red Sea Force
674:
668:Red Sea Force
667:
665:
663:
659:
655:
645:
644:Bab-el-Mandeb
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
608:
600:
595:
593:
591:
590:
589:Daniele Manin
585:
579:
577:
576:
570:
566:
562:
561:Harmil Island
558:
557:
551:
550:
543:
539:
535:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
477:
476:Guerrilla war
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
425:
422:
421:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
408:
403:
393:
388:
386:
381:
379:
374:
373:
370:
357:
353:
349:
343:
322:
313:
307:
300:
299:
294:
288:
287:Harmil Island
284:
281:
280:
278:
274:
269:
264:
259:
255:
254:
249:
242:
240:
234:
231:
225:
222:
221:
216:
212:
200:
195:
184:
181:
169:
168:
163:
162:British India
152:
151:
150:
149:
146:
135:
134:
132:
131:
126:
118:
115:
114:
109:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:Harmil Island
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
5998:Regia Marina
5949:Bibliography
5932:
5745:Project Hula
5710:Vistula–Oder
5679:
5612:
5603:
5587:
5557:
5506:
5490:
5481:
5472:
5438:
5335:
5250:
5226:
5196:
4947:
4840:
4785:North Africa
4487:Soviet Union
4441:Soviet Union
4367:Soviet Union
4135:Vatican City
4045:Vichy France
3950:German Reich
3847:Soviet Union
3833:South Africa
3826:Sierra Leone
3779:Newfoundland
3598:Participants
3581:Marocchinate
3285:
3276:
3246:
3124:North Africa
3085:Indian Ocean
2944:Nazi plunder
2835:Cryptography
2708:World War II
2666:. Retrieved
2654:
2638:. Retrieved
2625:
2598:
2578:. Retrieved
2565:
2545:
2522:
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2474:
2447:
2435:. Retrieved
2430:
2414:. Retrieved
2394:
2368:
2343:
2321:
2309:
2297:
2281:
2239:
2189:
2177:
2165:
2102:
2090:
2063:
2051:
2024:
1997:
1908:
1889:
1877:
1872:
1864:Sottotenente
1857:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1760:2/3 February
1757:
1747:
1743:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1697:
1687:
1675:
1669:
1659:
1650:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1250:
1237:
1233:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1165:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1108:Guglielmotti
1107:
1104:Guglielmotti
1103:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1047:Guglielmotti
1046:
1041:
1035:
1031:Guglielmotti
1030:
1028:
1021:
994:
986:
981:
966:
962:Gulf of Aden
906:
892:
886:
861:Rear-Admiral
847:Indian Ocean
844:
827:
821:
814:
808:
801:
794:
788:
782:
775:
769:
763:
757:
750:
744:
738:
731:
725:
720:
716:
712:
703:
696:
689:
681:
637:
621:Gulf of Suez
617:Gulf of Aden
610:
588:
583:
580:
574:
564:
555:
548:
533:
531:
489:Gideon Force
482:
481:
435:
282:4 destroyers
273:minesweepers
246:Paolo Aloisi
238:
128:Belligerents
31:Part of The
18:
5680:Bodenplatte
5566:Gothic Line
4792:West Africa
4339:Philippines
4318:Netherlands
4183:Czech lands
4121:Switzerland
4065:Afghanistan
4016:Philippines
3884:Puerto Rico
3800:Philippines
3786:New Zealand
3772:Netherlands
3725:Free France
3476:Prosecution
3277:Osoaviakhim
3147:West Africa
3131:East Africa
2778:Conferences
2668:28 February
2640:28 February
2580:27 February
2527:Grub Street
2493:3 September
2416:28 February
2326:O'Hara 2009
2314:Waters 1956
2290:O'Hara 2009
2274:O'Hara 2009
2244:Waters 1956
2232:O'Hara 2009
2228:Waters 1956
2213:O'Hara 2009
2198:O'Hara 2009
2194:Waters 1956
2182:Waters 1956
2170:Waters 1956
2143:O'Hara 2009
2122:Waters 1956
2068:Shores 1996
2044:Shores 1996
2017:O'Hara 2009
2002:Shores 1996
1990:O'Hara 2009
1740:45 Squadron
1738:bombers of
1552:120 mm guns
1460:gyrocompass
1343:fired over
1174:32 British,
1155:Convoy BN 7
1140:Gugliemotti
1022:Pipistrello
1005:Squadriglia
987:James Stove
877:esploratori
822:Dorsetshire
711:) replaced
540:during the
436:Convoy BN 7
229:H. E. Horan
180:New Zealand
103: /
5972:Categories
5780:West Hunan
5613:Pointblank
4949:Silver Fox
4935:Summer War
4688:Winter War
4667:Phoney War
4448:Azerbaijan
4409:Yugoslavia
4304:Luxembourg
4146:Resistance
3893:Yugoslavia
3758:Luxembourg
3560:Sook Ching
3356:War crimes
2958:Technology
2951:Opposition
2893:Lend-Lease
2870:Australian
2863:Home front
2821:Blitzkrieg
2771:Casualties
2762:Commanders
2734:Operations
2525:. London:
2335:References
2302:Mason 2011
1666:Casualties
1309:signalled
1199:HMAS
828:Shropshire
802:Parramatta
800:HMAS
781:HMIS
695:HMAS
649:باب المندب
640:Port Sudan
605:See also:
596:Background
466:Culqualber
461:Amba Alagi
91:39°27′00″E
88:15°36′35″N
5845:Manchuria
5731:Indochina
5507:Bagration
4958:Lithuania
4603:Anschluss
4400:Viet Minh
4297:Lithuania
4239:Hong Kong
4009:Manchukuo
3964:Azad Hind
3623:Australia
3423:Aftermath
3286:Paperclip
3181:Aftermath
2981:Total war
2849:Diplomacy
2812:In Europe
2635:881709135
2619:(1957) .
2488:494123451
2360:924029600
2158:Gill 1957
2107:Gill 1957
2029:Gill 1957
1945:Gill 1957
1928:Gill 1957
1913:Gill 1957
1901:Footnotes
1810:ran into
1732:20 ships,
1728:Kimberley
1712:Kimberley
1688:Kimberley
1660:Kimberley
1642:Aftermath
1636:Kimberley
1624:Kimberley
1620:Kimberley
1608:Kimberley
1588:Kimberley
1584:Kimberley
1580:Kimberley
1572:Kimberley
1560:Kimberley
1556:Kimberley
1526:Kimberley
1518:Kimberley
1516:and when
1506:Kimberley
1502:Kimberley
1480:Kimberley
1213:HMS
1185:Kimberley
1178:HMS
1136:Archimede
997:sent its
941:52 mines.
917:60 mines.
902:broadside
820:HMS
807:HMS
795:Hindustan
756:HMS
739:Kimberley
737:HMS
713:Liverpool
702:HMS
690:Liverpool
688:HMS
584:Kimberley
573:HMS
565:Kimberley
549:Kimberley
547:HMS
494:Arbegnoch
424:Tug Argan
308:14 killed
301:3 wounded
263:destroyer
194:Australia
5956:Category
5905:document
5815:document
5672:Ardennes
5656:Budapest
5604:Crossbow
5482:Overlord
5321:Smolensk
4539:Timeline
4374:Slovakia
4360:Thailand
4211:Ethiopia
4176:Bulgaria
4100:Portugal
4038:Thailand
3920:Bulgaria
3698:Eswatini
3691:Ethiopia
3644:Bulgaria
3469:Unit 731
3430:Response
3247:Keelhaul
3197:Cold War
3170:Americas
3161:timeline
3154:Atlantic
3034:Theaters
2575:11085179
2437:28 April
1822:See also
1812:Kingston
1788:Shoreham
1780:Kingston
1736:Blenheim
1724:Kingston
1684:106 were
1672:120 crew
1647:Analysis
1638:in tow.
1598:shells.
1443:spotted
1353:Auckland
1349:lifeboat
1337:Auckland
1329:Auckland
1238:Auckland
1208:and the
1192:Auckland
770:Shoreham
764:Auckland
758:Flamingo
751:Kandahar
745:Kingston
732:Carlisle
646:Strait (
256:1 light
251:Strength
66:Location
5882:Shumshu
5649:Hungary
5596:Estonia
5580:Lapland
5558:Dragoon
5491:Neptune
5473:Ichi-Go
5439:Tempest
5381:Changde
5336:Cottage
5228:Jubilee
4944:Finland
4842:Compass
4548:Prelude
4501:Finland
4387:Vietnam
4353:Romania
4225:Germany
4204:Estonia
4190:Denmark
4169:Belgium
4162:Austria
4155:Albania
4086:Ireland
4072:Andorra
4056:Neutral
4023:Romania
3957:Hungary
3942:Finland
3814:Romania
3706:Finland
3684:Denmark
3630:Belgium
3616:Algeria
3322:Romania
3308:Hungary
3064:Pacific
2788:General
2742:Leaders
2727:Battles
2720:Outline
2663:1003719
2655:Leander
2623:(ed.).
2472:(ed.).
2352:57-6515
1800:Pantera
1776:Caledon
1764:Pantera
1720:Leander
1708:Leander
1700:Leander
1670:Of the
1632:Leander
1628:Leander
1616:Leander
1612:Leander
1604:Leander
1600:Leander
1594:and 97
1476:Leander
1472:Leander
1464:Leander
1449:Leander
1441:Leander
1437:Leander
1427:Leander
1399:Leander
1395:Leander
1387:Leander
1383:Pantera
1361:Pantera
1341:Pantera
1333:Leander
1323:Leander
1307:Pantera
1303:Pantera
1295:Pantera
1273:Pantera
1251:Leander
1234:Leander
1221:Huntley
1180:Leander
1124:Pantera
1063:Pantera
989:(8,215
948:Prelude
933:13.2 mm
887:Pantera
880:, also
851:Massawa
815:Colombo
776:Grimsby
726:Caledon
721:Leander
704:Leander
662:Eritrea
607:Red Sea
601:Red Sea
575:Leander
538:Red Sea
441:Agordat
352:Red Sea
350:on the
348:Eritrea
334:Massawa
258:cruiser
239:†
75:Massawa
71:Red Sea
5859:Debate
5831:Taipei
5824:Borneo
5402:Tarawa
4596:Europe
4557:Africa
4346:Poland
4332:Norway
4311:Malaya
4290:Latvia
4232:Greece
4218:France
4114:Sweden
4079:Bhutan
3807:Poland
3793:Norway
3765:Mexico
3732:Greece
3718:France
3656:Canada
3637:Brazil
3607:Allies
3553:Serbia
3542:Poland
3315:Poland
3301:Baltic
3094:Europe
2796:Topics
2748:Allied
2661:
2633:
2605:
2573:
2552:
2533:
2510:
2486:
2454:
2411:848228
2409:
2375:
2358:
2350:
1680:12 men
1431:6-inch
1257:Battle
1194:, the
995:Hobart
927:, two
870:. The
798:; and
717:Hobart
697:Hobart
471:Gondar
268:sloops
235:
208:
191:
177:
159:
142:
116:Result
73:, off
5635:Leyte
5465:Narva
5451:Anzio
5409:Makin
5367:Burma
5251:Torch
5220:Rzhev
5181:Kiska
4267:Korea
4253:Japan
4246:Italy
4128:Tibet
4107:Spain
3985:Italy
3746:Italy
3739:India
3663:China
3538:Japan
3138:Italy
3050:China
3002:Women
2391:(PDF)
1882:dhows
1878:Yarra
1849:Notes
1816:Sauro
1808:Sauro
1804:Tigre
1796:Sauro
1792:Sauro
1784:Indus
1772:Sauro
1768:Tigre
1676:Nullo
1634:took
1548:Nullo
1544:Nullo
1540:Nullo
1534:Nullo
1530:Nullo
1522:Nullo
1514:Sauro
1510:Nullo
1468:Nullo
1456:'
1453:Nullo
1445:Nullo
1419:Nullo
1415:Sauro
1411:Nullo
1407:Sauro
1403:Sauro
1391:Sauro
1379:Nullo
1375:Sauro
1369:Yarra
1365:Yarra
1359:when
1357:Yarra
1345:Yarra
1315:Leone
1311:Sauro
1299:Leone
1282:Sauro
1230:Yemen
1215:Derby
1206:Indus
1201:Yarra
1166:Yarra
1144:Bhima
1120:Leone
1112:Atlas
1093:Tigre
1089:Leone
1085:Sauro
1073:Velko
1068:Tigre
1059:Sauro
929:40 mm
913:20 mm
909:40 mm
893:Leone
868:Assab
809:Ceres
789:Indus
783:Clive
451:Keren
414:Sudan
211:Italy
5701:1945
5429:1944
5270:1943
5198:Blue
5188:Attu
5095:1942
4854:1941
4706:1940
4644:1939
4573:Asia
4420:POWs
4260:Jews
3978:Iraq
3904:Axis
3854:Tuva
3670:Cuba
2755:Axis
2670:2016
2659:OCLC
2642:2016
2631:OCLC
2603:ISBN
2582:2016
2571:OCLC
2550:ISBN
2531:ISBN
2508:ISBN
2495:2015
2484:OCLC
2480:HMSO
2452:ISBN
2439:2020
2418:2016
2407:OCLC
2373:ISBN
2356:OCLC
2348:LCCN
1786:and
1770:and
1710:and
1704:duds
1570:HMS
1508:and
1377:and
1297:and
1236:and
1218:and
1204:and
1138:and
1130:and
1102:and
1091:and
1083:and
1065:and
1057:and
1039:and
939:and
919:The
890:and
825:and
812:and
792:and
773:and
748:and
693:and
627:and
625:Aden
532:The
456:Saïo
58:Date
1674:of
5974::
5449:/
2653:.
2529:.
2482:.
2429:.
2397:.
2393:.
2354:.
2266:^
2251:^
2220:^
2205:^
2150:^
2129:^
2114:^
2075:^
2036:^
2009:^
1982:^
1967:^
1952:^
1935:^
1920:^
1790:.
1766:,
1458:s
1339:,
1126:,
1122:,
1079:,
884:)
849:.
831:.
786:,
779:;
767:,
761:,
742:,
723:,
719:,
578:.
563:.
271:2
266:3
261:1
77:,
4952:)
4946:(
3820:)
3816:(
3752:)
3748:(
3712:)
3708:(
3650:)
3646:(
2700:e
2693:t
2686:v
2611:.
2558:.
2539:.
2516:.
2497:.
2460:.
2441:.
2420:.
2381:.
2362:.
2304:.
1884:.
874:(
707:(
391:e
384:t
377:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
