889:. Argentine intelligence had sought to determine the position of the carriers from analysis of aircraft flight routes from the task force to the islands. However, the British had a standing order that all aircraft conduct a low level transit when leaving or returning to the carriers to disguise their position. This tactic compromised the Argentine attack, which focused on a group of escorts 40 miles south of the main body of ships. When one of the Super Étendards detected a large target on radar, the Exocet was launched, and the Super Étendards turned for Argentina, while the Skyhawks followed the Exocet, which soon passed out of sight. Two of the attacking Skyhawks were shot down by Sea Darts fired by
44:
3535:
3033:
3207:
66:
2704:
747:
1132:
1032:
221:
736:
1380:
561:, with a maximum total continuous power of 94,000 shaft horsepower (70,000 kW). These drove two propeller shafts via reversible gearboxes, giving a maximum speed of 28 knots (32 mph; 52 km/h). The ship had a range of 5,000 nmi (5,800 mi; 9,300 km) at 18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h).
1200:
variants). Alternative airgroups were occasionally tested with 16 Harriers and 3 helicopters being embarked. The carrier was equipped with flagship facilities and could provide an operational headquarters for Royal Navy task forces. The runway was 170 metres (560 ft) long and included the ship's
633:
During 1986–1989, she underwent a major refit, with several changes to increase the ship's aircraft operating efficiency. The angle of the ship's ski-jump was increased to 12 degrees. Her hangar was modified to allow more aircraft (nine Sea
Harriers and twelve Sea Kings) to be accommodated below. The
1388:
900:
claiming to have shot down the missile with her 4.5" gun (although this claim is disputed). No damage was caused to any
British vessels. During the war, Argentina claimed to have damaged the ship and continues to do so to this day, although no evidence of any such damage has been produced or
570:
s flight deck was 550 ft (168 m) long and 55 ft (16.8 m) wide. It was connected to the ship's hangar by two lifts, with dimensions of 54 ft 8 in (16.66 m) × 31 ft 8 in (9.65 m) and rated to carry aircraft with a weight of 35,000 pounds
696:. She was accepted into Royal Navy service on 19 March 1980 and after trials, formally commissioned on 11 July 1980. More trials and work-up followed for the ship and her air wing followed before she was declared operational on 19 June 1981, joining the fleet's other carrier
1830:), p. 143–145. The aircraft had been nicknamed "the Burglar". Woodward believed he had been given permission to shoot it down if came within a certain distance of the task force and could be positively identified, although this course of action had not been confirmed.
1088:(DSA) with tenders due by 5 January 2011. The DSA tender documents confirmed that the ship's engines had been removed and that its generators and pumps were "generally unserviceable or not working". On 8 January 2011, the British press relayed an earlier report in the
1324:
This sum, which was to be payable to two instalments, £90 million in 1982 and the remaining £85 million in 1983, was the direct purchase cost for the ship itself. Spare parts, support costs and a pre-sale refit were expected to push total costs to £295
2536:
575:
ramp at an angle of 6.5 degrees was fitted at the forward end of the ship's flight deck. This allowed the carrier's Sea
Harriers to take off with a higher disposal payload, while shortening the take-off run, leaving more space for
1051:
would be inactive until 2010 but available for reactivation at eighteen months' notice. She was decommissioned on 3 August 2005, twenty months after an extensive refit that had been intended to give her ten more years of service.
605:
was mounted above the ship's bridge, with Type 909 fire control directors for the Sea Dart system mounted at the fore and aft end of the ship's superstructure. A Type 992 air-surface search radar was mounted on the ship's
873:
and the continued tracking of the aircraft's course while a Sea
Harrier was dispatched to investigate. The Harrier pilot reported that "it was a Brazilian airliner, with all the normal navigation and running lights on."
791:. Australia planned to make minimal changes to the carrier, adding more fuel and replacing some of the ship's computers. Initially at least, it was planned to operate helicopters only. The sale was confirmed by the
1191:
After the various refits, the carrier's air group grew from the original planned 5 Sea
Harriers and 9 Sea Kings to nine Sea Harrier or Harrier GR7/9s and twelve helicopters (usually all Sea Kings, either
1083:
was tied up and minimally maintained with other decommissioned ships up-river of HMNB Portsmouth. On 10 September 2010, she was struck off the Naval
Reserve List and, in December, offered for sale by the
2040:
634:
ship's overall length increased to 685.8 feet (209.0 m). Additional command facilities were fitted and accommodation for another 120 people (aircrew and command staff) was added. The ship's
571:(16,000 kg). The hangar itself was 500 ft (150 m) long, with width varying between 74 and 40 ft (23 and 12 m) and a height of 20 ft (6.1 m). An upward-curved
2567:
825:
s air group included twelve Sea King helicopters that were slightly larger than the ship had originally been designed to accommodate. Small machine guns were added around the flight deck and
517:. During the Falklands Conflict, Argentinian media reported HMS Invincible as sunk on several occasions. In 2005, she was decommissioned, and was eventually sold for scrap in February 2011.
1076:
had been stripped of some parts for her sister ships, so operational readiness would require not only eighteen months but also the replacement or removal of systems from those other ships.
3599:
3604:
1004:
2138:
919:
to
Australia could be cancelled if desired. In July 1983, a year after the end of the Falklands conflict, the Ministry of Defence announced that it had withdrawn its offer to sell
2684:
935:
was refused the use of dry dock facilities in Sydney when the Royal Navy declined to divulge to the
Australian authorities whether or not the ship was carrying nuclear weapons.
1028:
on the deck in an attempt to reach 100 mph and stop before the end of the runway. The attempt failed, resulting in The Stig and the Jaguar ending up in the sea.
1184:. Initially the carriers were armed with a Sea Dart missile system, but this was removed to enlarge the flight deck and to allow magazine storage and deck space for
2560:
814:
bound for the South
Atlantic. On 20 April, the UK government formally ordered its defence forces to bring the islands back under British control. Along with eight
2103:
905:
1410:
3584:
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2553:
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anti-ship missiles for the carrier's Sea
Harriers to be carried, while also increasing the number of torpedoes carried for the ship's helicopters. Three
3589:
2693:
2677:
673:
98:
2635:
1847:
Lawrence Freedman; Lawrence (King's College London Freedman, University of London UK); Professor of War Studies Lawrence Freedman, Sir (2005).
2511:
2323:
2285:
2047:
1957:
1930:
1900:
1858:
1827:
1800:
2502:
43:
2670:
792:
2135:
2527:
1745:
1345:
973:
904:
The aircraft carrier was carrying 10 nuclear depth bombs as part of her standard armament when she deployed for the Falklands, and was
1973:
878:
2014:
2576:
2475:
2456:
2437:
2418:
2399:
2380:
2361:
2342:
2304:
2182:
1219:
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Phalanx close-in weapon systems fitted but these were later replaced by three Thales 30 mm Goalkeeper CIWS; there are also two
1103:
969:
908:
Royal Navy warships so equipped during the war. The weapons were removed while she was in the South Atlantic during early May 1982.
859:
471:
236:
3539:
2620:
1066:
could have been deployed had the need arisen and that Navy policy assumed she was still an active aircraft carrier. According to
2491:
650:
replaced the Phalanxes. Type 996 air-sea search radar replaced the Type 992 radar, with Type 2016 sonar replaced the Type 184.
2626:
479:
1094:
that a £5-million bid had been made for the ship by the UK-based Chinese businessman Lam Kin-bong with plans to moor her at
1717:
765:, on 25 February 1982, after several months of negotiations, the Australian government announced that it had agreed to buy
553:
was 16,000 long tons (16,000 t) standard and 19,500 long tons (19,800 t) full load. The ship was powered by four
863:
815:
716:
585:
534:
220:
862:
to shoot down the 707 as he believed its activity indicated a raid would be launched from the Argentine aircraft carrier
1177:
658:
1644:
2843:
1165:
1085:
2251:
1169:
961:
2041:"Operation CORPORATE 1982: The carriage of nuclear weapons by the Task Group assembled for the Falklands campaign"
1016:
689:
3289:
1109:
1090:
992:
762:
1068:
2065:"United Kingdom: Falklands Conflict – A Brief History". United Kingdom Ministry of Defence. 14 November 2006.
3088:
2941:
844:
478:. She was launched on 3 May 1977 as the seventh ship to carry the name. She was originally designated as an
439:
415:
3143:
3046:
1197:
1193:
1115:
A month later, in February 2011, BBC News reported that the Ministry of Defence had announced the sale of
720:
712:
598:
475:
401:
370:
1686:
3547:
3513:
3485:
3262:
3052:
3037:
2597:
2430:
The Naval Institute Guide to the Combat Fleets of the World 1990/91: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Armament
1161:
1053:
957:
781:
376:
3457:
3499:
3317:
3303:
1119:
to Leyal Ship Recycling in Turkey. She was towed out of Portsmouth on 24 March and arrived at Leyal's
3520:
3479:
3436:
3366:
3310:
3282:
3275:
3254:
3248:
3241:
3226:
3185:
2850:
2829:
2801:
2731:
1722:
1691:
1270:
1226:
785:
635:
443:
419:
397:
3324:
3296:
746:
661:
in a ground-attack role. The Sea Dart launcher was removed and the ship's flight deck was enlarged.
3594:
3443:
3373:
3233:
3018:
3004:
2990:
2983:
2969:
2955:
2878:
2864:
2836:
2815:
2787:
2745:
2738:
2724:
2604:
996:
882:
848:
684:
on 17 April 1973. The ship's construction was delayed by design changes and industrial action, and
639:
610:, while a Type 1006 navigation radar was also fitted. Type 184 medium range sonar was also fitted.
572:
554:
550:
3492:
3471:
3464:
601:
launcher in the ship's bows. 22 Sea Dart missiles were carried. A Type 1022 long-range air-search
3554:
3394:
3380:
3101:
3094:
3073:
3059:
3011:
2997:
2920:
2871:
2808:
2780:
2766:
2496:
2295:
Burden, Rodney A.; Draper, Michael I.; Rough, Douglas A.; Smith, Colin R.; Wilton, David (1986).
1656:
981:
940:
770:
129:
3450:
3401:
3408:
3345:
3219:
1007:. There, while her helicopters aided refugees, her Harriers were involved in military strikes.
3430:
3164:
2976:
2948:
2899:
2885:
2794:
2759:
2717:
2520:
2471:
2452:
2433:
2414:
2395:
2376:
2357:
2338:
2319:
2300:
2281:
2200:
2192:
1953:
1947:
1926:
1896:
1854:
1823:
1796:
1788:
1749:
1727:
1696:
1353:
681:
581:
179:
102:
3387:
3506:
3359:
3352:
3339:
3171:
3157:
3136:
2913:
2906:
2892:
2857:
2773:
2752:
2662:
1771:
Bloom, Bridget; Newby, Patricia (26 February 1982). "Protest as Australia buys UK carrier".
1648:
890:
833:
826:
799:
697:
487:
316:
242:
1977:
1152:
initially lacked any close-in weapon systems. As one of the lessons from the Falklands War
3415:
3268:
3150:
3108:
3080:
2531:
2506:
2142:
2018:
1212:
1185:
811:
647:
538:
367:
302:
163:
2155:
1131:
17:
3534:
3206:
3032:
2962:
1815:
1291:
912:
855:
854:
that had been monitoring the fleet's movements. The previous day, Task Group Commander
774:
627:
530:
433:
409:
319:
190:
184:
31:
3578:
3178:
3066:
1660:
1437:
1246:
1239:
984:
965:
870:
510:
483:
345:
2545:
2092:"Australia turns back British carrier". United Press International. 9 December 1983.
3192:
3129:
2822:
2187:
1201:
characteristic ski jump (initially at an angle of 7°, but later increased to 12°).
1102:
as a floating international school. In light, however, of China's re-arming of the
1031:
953:
945:, during this deployment. She then visited Auckland and Wellington in New Zealand.
881:, one carrying Argentina's last remaining air-launched Exocet, accompanied by four
693:
643:
623:
546:
305:
1652:
1920:
1890:
1848:
3331:
2934:
1284:
1277:
677:
558:
542:
333:
723:, equipped with Sea King anti-submarine helicopters. In August–September 1981,
3422:
3122:
3115:
2709:
1256:
1025:
851:
735:
577:
463:
309:
175:
2196:
1731:
1700:
2204:
2107:
1349:
1263:
1099:
467:
1120:
1108: – bought under a similar pretext – and the
727:
took part in the NATO naval exercises "Ocean Venture" and "Ocean Safari".
541:
of 90 ft (27 m) at the waterline and 115 ft (35 m) at
2225:
1449:
1157:
1142:
1059:
1021:
607:
595:
514:
494:
259:
1417:
1173:
1000:
348:(13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
869:. As the 707 would be no direct threat to the fleet, Woodward ordered
1695:. Vol. 120, no. 3779. 10 October 1981. pp. 1046–1047.
1095:
754:
356:
1,051 total, including 726 ship's company and 384 Air Group personnel
2121:
Ingham, John (2 August 2005). "Invincible docks for the last time".
3211:
1181:
1130:
1030:
885:
each with two 500 lb (230 kg) bombs, took off to attack
841:
745:
734:
602:
588:
502:
255:
1850:
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign: War and diplomacy
2063:
The UK formally declared an end to hostilities on 20 June 1982 (
2046:. London: CBRN Policy, Ministry of Defence. 2005. Archived from
1999:"Argentine Airpower in the Falklands War: An Operational View".
2666:
2549:
1949:
Exocet Falklands: The Untold Story of Special Forces Operations
1112:, doubts were raised as to whether such a sale would go ahead.
1047:
On 6 June 2005, the British Ministry of Defence announced that
2003:. Federal Information and News Dispatch, Inc. 20 August 2002.
657:
was subject to further modifications to allow her to operate
1726:. Vol. 121, no. 3800. 6 March 1982. p. 528.
618:
In September 1982, after returning from the Falklands War,
2226:"HMS Invincible makes final journey to Turkish scrapyard"
1450:"HMS Invincible sold for scrap to Turkish ship recyclers"
2373:
Aircraft Carriers of the Royal and Commonwealth Navies
1876:
2470:. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd.
2278:
Rebuilding the Royal Navy: Warship Design Since 1945
1976:(in Spanish). www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar. Archived from
3531:
3203:
3029:
2700:
2432:. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press.
2356:. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press.
2337:. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press.
2352:Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen, eds. (1995).
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1687:"Anti-submarine exercise Ocean Venture successful"
1673:
915:, advised the British government that the sale of
580:operations. The ship had a design air wing of ten
2354:Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995
2333:Couhat, Jean Labayle; Baker, A. D., eds. (1986).
2183:"Chinese businessman bids £5m for HMS Invincible"
802:. Three days later, a naval task force headed by
594:As built, defensive armament consisted of a twin
482:, but was used as an aircraft carrier during the
3600:Cold War aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom
2156:"Ex-Navy ship HMS Invincible in website auction"
1872:
1870:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1481:
798:On 2 April 1982, however, Argentina invaded the
3605:Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1315:was the first ship fitted with Type 1022 radar.
742:in the South Atlantic, during the Falklands War
2428:Prézelin, Bernard; Baker, A. D., eds. (1990).
2145:Barrow-built Invincible thrown out of the Navy
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
858:had sought permission from Commander-in-Chief
622:had her close-in armament supplemented by two
2678:
2561:
2081:. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 19 July 1982. p. 19.
1914:
1912:
1607:
265:22,000 t (22,000 long tons) fully loaded
8:
1618:
1616:
1164:. Countermeasures were provided by a Thales
923:so it could maintain a three-carrier force.
27:1980 Invincible-class light aircraft carrier
2652:List of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy
2318:. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books Ltd.
2252:"Crowds gather to see Invincible towed out"
1811:
1809:
1784:
1782:
1603:
1601:
1563:
1551:
1523:
1521:
991:contributed to Operation "Bolton" (part of
968:. In 1997, flying the flag of Rear-Admiral
692:until 3 May 1977. The ship was launched by
2685:
2671:
2663:
2568:
2554:
2546:
2451:. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group.
1793:Official History of the Falklands Campaign
1712:
1710:
1539:
1512:
1005:NATO action against Yugoslavia over Kosovo
939:was accompanied by other ships, including
911:On 1 June, the Australian Prime Minister,
2694:British Naval Forces of the Falklands War
1775:. The Financial Times Limited. p. 4.
549:of 24 ft (7.3 m) at full load.
2466:Sturtivant, Ray; Ballance, Theo (1994).
1622:
1438:The Big Interview: Admiral Sir Alan West
1232:1984–1986: Captain Christopher Layman RN
30:For other ships with the same name, see
2276:Brown, David K.; Moore, George (2012).
1337:
1305:
761:Pursuant to the plans announced in the
2537:Argentina's claim to have damaged HMS
1946:Ewen Southby-Tailyour (2 April 2014).
1375:
1373:
1371:
1252:1993–1995: Captain Richard Hastilow RN
38:
2280:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
2015:"Argentine Aircraft in the Falklands"
1635:Bellamy, Martin (2022). "Editorial".
1592:
1580:
1527:
1500:
1235:1988–1990: Captain Michael Gretton RN
1123:yard on 12 April 2011 for scrapping.
840:mistakenly locked her Sea Darts on a
584:anti-submarine helicopters and eight
62:
7:
2079:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1892:RAF Harrier Ground Attack: Falklands
1718:"Invincible sets sail for Australia"
674:Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering
2299:. British Aviation Research Group.
2077:"Invincible Sale Offer Withdrawn".
1014:featured in a skit of the BBC show
974:Commander United Kingdom Task Group
773:) as a replacement, under the name
308:gas turbines providing 97,000
3585:Invincible-class aircraft carriers
2500:class Aircraft Carrier Information
2468:The Squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm
2335:Combat Fleets of the World 1986/87
987:. During the following two years,
25:
2181:Jonathan Watts (8 January 2011).
2125:. Express Newspapers. p. 15.
1853:. Psychology Press. p. 545.
1645:The Society for Nautical Research
1381:"Sale By Tender – HMS Invincible"
1062:. The Royal Navy maintained that
1035:A Sea Harrier FA2 on the deck of
999:before she was redeployed to the
980:led a deployment that included
832:On 23 April, while en route from
391:Until December 2010, 22 aircraft;
3590:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
3533:
3205:
3031:
2702:
2492:HMS Invincible: Aircraft Carrier
1952:. Pen and Sword. pp. 238–.
1346:"Sea Harriers still in business"
879:Dassault-Breguet Super Étendards
711:s initial air wing consisted of
219:
64:
42:
2449:Jane's Fighting Ships 2002–2003
2447:Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2002).
1058:succeeded her as the service's
731:Proposed sale and Falklands War
427:Multi Mission - Strike and ASuW
336:(52 km/h; 32 mph) max
1895:. Pen and Sword. p. 132.
1674:Sturtivant & Ballance 1994
769:for £175 million (285 million
480:anti-submarine warfare carrier
1:
2411:Jane's Fighting Ships 1985–86
2392:Jane's Fighting Ships 1979–80
1653:10.1080/00253359.2022.2117453
1411:"Invincible Recycling Report"
586:British Aerospace Sea Harrier
486:, when she was deployed with
2413:. London: Jane's Yearbooks.
2394:. London: Jane's Yearbooks.
2104:"Carrier Group Ordered Home"
1482:Gardiner & Chumbley 1995
1225:1983–1984: Captain the Hon.
1198:Airborne Early Warning (AEW)
1194:anti-submarine warfare (ASW)
962:Operation "Deliberate Force"
99:Vickers Shipbuilding Limited
2375:. London: Greenhill Books.
2001:Air and Space Power Journal
1889:Jerry Pook (15 June 2008).
1385:Disposal Services Authority
1086:Disposal Services Authority
860:Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse
856:Rear Admiral Sandy Woodward
630:anti-aircraft autocannons.
379:20 mm close-range guns
283:118.1 ft (36.0 m)
3621:
2254:. Navy News. 24 March 2011
1974:"- Fuerza Aérea Argentina"
993:Operation "Southern Watch"
676:on 17 April 1973, and was
533:and 632 feet (193 m)
529:was 677 feet (206 m)
497:of the British fleet when
29:
3565:
3540:Civilian Auxiliary (RMAS)
3212:Ships Taken Up From Trade
2647:
2615:
2586:
2409:Moore, John, ed. (1985).
2390:Moore, John, ed. (1979).
2141:13 September 2014 at the
1608:Prézelin & Baker 1990
509:was also deployed in the
291:28.9 ft (8.8 m)
227:
57:
41:
2530:12 December 2010 at the
1925:. Phoenix. p. 240.
1746:"Sea Harrier Down Under"
1676:, pp. 130, 198, 393
1110:EU arms embargo on China
1091:South China Morning Post
842:VARIG Brazilian Airlines
763:1981 Defence White Paper
638:were enlarged, allowing
396:Multi Mission - Strike,
275:689 ft (210 m)
18:Attack on HMS Invincible
2580:-class aircraft carrier
2136:North West Evening Mail
2110:. June 1999. p. 4.
1564:Couhat & Baker 1986
1552:Couhat & Baker 1986
958:Operation "Deny Flight"
948:Between 1993 and 1995,
757:after the Falklands War
476:light aircraft carriers
228:General characteristics
3291:British Enterprise III
2297:Falklands: The Air War
1816:Admiral Sandy Woodward
1540:Brown & Moore 2012
1513:Brown & Moore 2012
1176:launchers provide for
1162:Oerlikon 20 mm cannons
1146:
1039:
829:for close-in defence.
758:
743:
721:820 Naval Air Squadron
713:801 Naval Air Squadron
599:surface to air missile
535:between perpendiculars
3038:Naval Auxiliary (RFA)
2371:Hobbs, David (1996).
2316:The Age of Invincible
1919:David Morgan (2007).
1134:
1034:
782:Royal Australian Navy
749:
738:
715:, equipped with five
2505:19 June 2008 at the
1723:Flight International
1692:Flight International
1637:The Mariner's Mirror
1271:James Burnell-Nugent
1227:Nicholas Hill-Norton
1127:Weapons and aircraft
952:was deployed in the
2314:Childs, N. (2009).
2053:on 26 October 2012.
2021:on 23 February 2009
1803:), p. 223–224.
1752:on 12 December 2010
1356:on 8 September 2008
1290:2004–2005: Captain
1283:2002–2004: Captain
1276:1999–2001: Captain
1269:1997–1999: Captain
1262:1996–1997: Captain
1255:1995–1996: Captain
1245:1992–1993: Captain
1238:1990–1992: Captain
1218:1982–1983: Captain
1211:1979–1982: Captain
1205:Commanding officers
1156:had two 20 mm
866:Veinticinco de Mayo
849:Argentine Air Force
847:rather than on the
793:Ministry of Defence
555:Rolls-Royce Olympus
493:. She took over as
71:United Kingdom
2512:Maritimequest HMS
2162:. 30 November 2010
1879:, pp. 37, 113
1877:Burden et al. 1986
1566:, pp. 180–181
1147:
1040:
982:3 Commando Brigade
931:In December 1983,
836:to the Falklands,
759:
744:
130:Queen Elizabeth II
3572:
3571:
3431:Queen Elizabeth 2
3249:Atlantic Causeway
3242:Atlantic Conveyor
2660:
2659:
2325:978-1-84415-857-7
2287:978-1-84832-150-2
1959:978-1-4738-3513-9
1932:978-0-7538-2199-2
1902:978-1-84884-556-5
1860:978-0-7146-5207-8
1828:978-0-00-713467-0
1801:978-0-415-41911-6
1789:Lawrence Freedman
682:Barrow-in-Furness
672:was ordered from
582:Westland Sea King
454:
453:
322:diesel generators
155:10 September 2010
126:Sponsored by
103:Barrow-in-Furness
16:(Redirected from
3612:
3538:
3537:
3340:Contender Bezant
3210:
3209:
3036:
3035:
2845:Dumbarton Castle
2708:
2706:
2705:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2664:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2481:
2462:
2443:
2424:
2405:
2386:
2367:
2348:
2329:
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2222:
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2213:
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2100:
2094:
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2089:
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2068:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2017:. Archived from
2011:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1980:on 28 April 2009
1970:
1964:
1963:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1844:
1831:
1820:One Hundred Days
1813:
1804:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1748:. Archived from
1742:
1736:
1735:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1516:
1515:, pp. 69–70
1510:
1504:
1498:
1485:
1479:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1415:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1387:. Archived from
1377:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1352:. Archived from
1342:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1140:
834:Ascension Island
824:
800:Falkland Islands
710:
569:
386:Aircraft carried
312:(72,000 kW)
243:aircraft carrier
223:
72:
69:
68:
67:
46:
39:
21:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3561:
3532:
3527:
3515:Wimpey Seahorse
3487:Stena Seaspread
3480:Stena Inspector
3204:
3199:
3030:
3025:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2661:
2656:
2643:
2637:Queen Elizabeth
2611:
2582:
2574:
2532:Wayback Machine
2507:Wayback Machine
2488:
2478:
2465:
2459:
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2440:
2427:
2421:
2408:
2402:
2389:
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2294:
2288:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2232:. 24 March 2011
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2160:BBC News Online
2154:
2153:
2149:
2143:Wayback Machine
2134:
2130:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1814:
1807:
1787:
1780:
1773:Financial Times
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1685:
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1599:
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1587:
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1570:
1562:
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1534:
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1519:
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1499:
1488:
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1469:
1459:
1457:
1456:. 2 August 2011
1448:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1391:on 10 July 2011
1379:
1378:
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1319:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1213:Michael Livesay
1207:
1186:Royal Air Force
1138:
1129:
1079:In March 2010,
1045:
1024:racing a white
1003:to support the
929:
877:On 30 May, two
822:
812:HMNB Portsmouth
753:returns to the
733:
708:
667:
648:Goalkeeper CIWS
616:
567:
523:
164:HMNB Portsmouth
70:
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53:
35:
28:
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3526:
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3497:
3490:
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3476:
3469:
3462:
3459:Scottish Eagle
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
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3406:
3399:
3392:
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3378:
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2572:
2565:
2558:
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2544:
2543:
2534:
2518:
2509:
2494:
2487:
2486:External links
2484:
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2006:
1991:
1965:
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1292:Neil Morisetti
1288:
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1236:
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1203:
1188:Harrier GR7s.
1128:
1125:
1044:
1041:
928:
925:
913:Malcolm Fraser
906:one of several
732:
729:
666:
663:
628:Oerlikon 20 mm
615:
612:
591:jet fighters.
522:
519:
452:
451:
450:
449:
448:
447:
444:Merlin HM Mk.1
436:
434:Harrier GR.7/9
429:
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420:Merlin HM Mk.1
412:
410:Harrier GR.7/9
405:
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170:Identification
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144:Decommissioned
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32:HMS Invincible
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3405:
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3398:
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3384:
3383:
3379:
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3369:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3361:Europic Ferry
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3319:British Trent
3316:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3305:British Tamar
3302:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3293:
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3288:
3286:
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3263:Balder London
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3166:Sir Percivale
3163:
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2676:
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2669:
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2650:
2649:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2634:Followed by:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2619:Preceded by:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2603:
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2593:
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2552:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2516:photo gallery
2515:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2477:0-85130-223-8
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2458:0-7106-2432-8
2454:
2450:
2445:
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2439:0-87021-250-8
2435:
2431:
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2420:0-7106-0814-4
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2403:
2401:0-354-00587-1
2397:
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2382:1-85367-252-1
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2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1922:Hostile Skies
1915:
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1625:, p. 770
1624:
1623:Saunders 2002
1619:
1617:
1613:
1610:, p. 696
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1595:, p. 620
1594:
1589:
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1582:
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1529:
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1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:Fabian Malbon
1244:
1241:
1240:John Tolhurst
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1189:
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1179:
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1118:
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1107:
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1077:
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1071:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:southern Iraq
994:
990:
986:
985:Royal Marines
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
966:Yugoslav Wars
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
943:
938:
934:
926:
924:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
902:
899:
895:
894:
888:
884:
883:A-4C Skyhawks
880:
875:
872:
871:Weapons Tight
868:
867:
861:
857:
853:
850:
846:
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
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790:
789:
783:
779:
778:
772:
768:
764:
756:
752:
748:
741:
737:
730:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
707:
703:
701:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
664:
662:
660:
659:Harrier GR.7s
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
631:
629:
625:
621:
614:Modifications
613:
611:
609:
604:
600:
597:
592:
590:
587:
583:
579:
574:
566:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
545:level, and a
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:
518:
516:
512:
511:Yugoslav Wars
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
485:
484:Falklands War
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:
445:
441:
440:Sea King ASaC
437:
435:
431:
430:
428:
425:
421:
417:
416:Sea King ASaC
413:
411:
407:
406:
404:
403:
399:
394:
393:
390:
389:
388:
385:
384:
378:
374:
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365:
364:
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318:
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307:
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287:
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279:
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274:
271:
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264:
261:
257:
253:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
239:
235:
232:
231:
226:
222:
218:
215:
214:
211:Scrapped 2011
210:
207:
206:
202:
199:
198:
192:
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
147:3 August 2005
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
112:
109:
108:
104:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:17 April 1973
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
61:
56:
51:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3555:
3548:
3522:Yorkshireman
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3478:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3423:
3417:Nordic Ferry
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3368:Fort Toronto
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3338:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3312:British Test
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3284:British Dart
3283:
3277:British Avon
3276:
3270:Baltic Ferry
3269:
3261:
3256:Avelona Star
3255:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3228:Anco Charger
3227:
3220:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3173:Sir Tristram
3172:
3165:
3159:Sir Lancelot
3158:
3151:
3144:
3138:Sir Bedivere
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2943:Leeds Castle
2942:
2935:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2636:
2627:
2621:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2590:
2577:
2538:
2522:
2513:
2497:
2467:
2448:
2429:
2410:
2391:
2372:
2353:
2334:
2315:
2296:
2277:
2270:Bibliography
2256:. Retrieved
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2188:The Guardian
2186:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2159:
2150:
2131:
2122:
2116:
2098:
2087:
2078:
2072:
2059:
2048:the original
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:the original
2009:
2000:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:the original
1968:
1948:
1941:
1921:
1891:
1884:
1849:
1819:
1795:, Volume 2 (
1792:
1772:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1750:the original
1740:
1721:
1690:
1681:
1669:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1588:
1559:
1547:
1542:, p. 68
1535:
1508:
1458:. Retrieved
1453:
1444:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:the original
1384:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:the original
1340:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1220:Jeremy Black
1190:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1135:
1116:
1114:
1104:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1036:
1015:
1011:
1009:
988:
977:
949:
947:
941:
936:
932:
930:
920:
916:
910:
903:
897:
892:
886:
876:
865:
837:
831:
819:
816:Sea Harriers
807:
803:
797:
787:
776:
766:
760:
750:
739:
724:
717:Sea Harriers
705:
704:
702:in service.
698:
694:Elizabeth II
685:
680:at Vickers'
669:
668:
654:
652:
632:
624:Phalanx CIWS
619:
617:
593:
564:
563:
559:gas turbines
551:Displacement
531:long overall
526:
524:
506:
501:was sold to
498:
489:
458:
456:
455:
426:
395:
306:Olympus TM3B
254:16,000
249:Displacement
237:
139:11 July 1980
136:Commissioned
80:
49:
36:
3326:British Wye
3298:British Esk
3152:Sir Geraint
3145:Sir Galahad
3089:Fort Grange
3082:Fort Austin
3054:Brambleleaf
2599:Illustrious
2166:30 November
2123:The Express
2025:25 February
1984:26 February
1395:30 November
1285:Trevor Soar
1278:Rory McLean
1168:system and
1072:, however,
1055:Illustrious
964:during the
901:uncovered.
896:, with HMS
646:30 mm
543:flight deck
446:helicopters
422:helicopters
344:7,000
303:Rolls-Royce
200:Nickname(s)
3595:1977 ships
3579:Categories
3445:Salvageman
3375:G.A.Walker
3235:Astronomer
3187:Tidespring
3068:Blue Rover
2929:Invincible
2831:Courageous
2803:Broadsword
2710:Royal Navy
2592:Invincible
2578:Invincible
2539:Invincible
2525:Down Under
2523:Invincible
2514:Invincible
2498:Invincible
2210:10 January
1593:Moore 1985
1581:Hobbs 1996
1528:Moore 1979
1501:Hobbs 1996
1423:29 January
1333:References
1313:Invincible
1257:Ian Forbes
1154:Invincible
1150:Invincible
1136:Invincible
1117:Invincible
1081:Invincible
1074:Invincible
1064:Invincible
1049:Invincible
1037:Invincible
1026:Jaguar XJS
1020:involving
1012:Invincible
989:Invincible
978:Invincible
950:Invincible
937:Invincible
933:Invincible
921:Invincible
917:Invincible
887:Invincible
852:Boeing 707
838:Invincible
820:Invincible
804:Invincible
786:HMAS
780:, for the
775:HMAS
767:Invincible
751:Invincible
740:Invincible
725:Invincible
706:Invincible
686:Invincible
670:Invincible
655:Invincible
620:Invincible
578:helicopter
565:Invincible
527:Invincible
525:As built,
507:Invincible
464:Royal Navy
459:Invincible
368:Goalkeeper
353:Complement
296:Propulsion
238:Invincible
176:IMO number
121:3 May 1977
81:Invincible
50:Invincible
3549:Goosander
3494:Strathewe
3473:St Helena
3466:St Edmund
3438:Rangatira
3180:Stromness
3047:Appleleaf
2992:Sheffield
2957:Northella
2880:Glamorgan
2852:Endurance
2817:Conqueror
2789:Brilliant
2740:Andromeda
2733:Ambuscade
2622:Audacious
2606:Ark Royal
2197:1756-3224
2108:Navy News
1732:0015-3710
1701:0015-3710
1661:253161552
1350:Navy News
1264:Roy Clare
1180:or flare
1100:Liverpool
1043:2005–2011
1010:In 2003,
970:Alan West
960:and then
927:1983–2005
891:HMS
864:ARA
788:Melbourne
777:Australia
678:laid down
653:In 2000,
640:Sea Eagle
636:magazines
537:, with a
488:HMS
474:of three
472:her class
468:lead ship
262:) (light)
260:long tons
191:Deck code
113:July 1973
110:Laid down
105:, England
3396:Irishman
3382:Geesport
3333:Canberra
3194:Tidepool
3131:Resource
3103:Pearleaf
3096:Plumleaf
3075:Engadine
3020:Yarmouth
3006:Splendid
2985:Plymouth
2971:Penelope
2922:Intrepid
2873:Fearless
2866:Farnella
2838:Coventry
2824:Cordella
2768:Argonaut
2747:Antelope
2726:Alacrity
2528:Archived
2503:Archived
2258:28 March
2236:28 March
2230:BBC News
2205:60623878
2139:Archived
1460:2 August
1454:BBC News
1418:DE&S
1325:million.
1172:system,
1158:Raytheon
1143:Sea Dart
1060:flagship
1022:The Stig
1017:Top Gear
954:Adriatic
942:Achilles
690:launched
688:was not
626:and two
608:mainmast
596:Sea Dart
573:ski-jump
515:Iraq War
513:and the
495:flagship
462:was the
361:Armament
258:(16,000
160:Homeport
152:Stricken
118:Launched
3556:Typhoon
3452:Saxonia
3424:Norland
3403:Laertes
3061:Bayleaf
3013:Valiant
2999:Spartan
2950:Minerva
2936:Junella
2887:Glasgow
2810:Cardiff
2796:Bristol
2782:Avenger
2631:classes
2628:Centaur
1647:: 387.
1174:Seagnat
1166:jamming
1001:Balkans
898:Avenger
665:History
547:draught
377:GAM-B01
320:Valenta
288:Draught
203:"Vince"
185:Pennant
180:8949551
178::
95:Builder
87:Ordered
58:History
52:in 2005
3567:- Sunk
3508:Uganda
3410:Lycaon
3347:Eburna
3221:Alvega
3124:Regent
3117:Olmeda
2908:Hermes
2901:Herald
2859:Exeter
2761:Ardent
2754:Antrim
2719:Active
2707:
2474:
2455:
2436:
2417:
2398:
2379:
2360:
2341:
2322:
2303:
2284:
2203:
2195:
1956:
1929:
1899:
1857:
1826:
1799:
1756:27 May
1730:
1699:
1659:
1360:1 July
1182:decoys
1121:Aliağa
1105:Varyag
1096:Zhuhai
1069:Jane's
893:Exeter
827:island
808:Hermes
755:Solent
699:Hermes
644:Thales
521:Design
499:Hermes
490:Hermes
317:Paxman
272:Length
240:-class
2915:Hydra
2894:Hecla
2775:Arrow
2639:class
2051:(PDF)
2044:(PDF)
1657:S2CID
1643:(4).
1414:(PDF)
1300:Notes
1178:chaff
1139:'
995:) in
845:DC-10
823:'
810:left
709:'
603:radar
589:STOVL
568:'
557:TBM3
503:India
432:18 x
414:10 x
408:12 x
341:Range
334:knots
329:Speed
216:Badge
187:: R05
3389:Iris
3110:Olna
2978:Pict
2964:Onyx
2625:and
2521:HMS
2472:ISBN
2453:ISBN
2434:ISBN
2415:ISBN
2396:ISBN
2377:ISBN
2358:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2320:ISBN
2301:ISBN
2282:ISBN
2260:2011
2238:2011
2212:2011
2201:OCLC
2193:ISSN
2168:2010
2027:2009
1986:2009
1954:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1797:ISBN
1758:2008
1728:ISSN
1697:ISSN
1462:2011
1425:2013
1397:2010
1362:2008
956:for
806:and
719:and
539:beam
457:HMS
442:and
438:4 x
418:and
400:and
398:ASuW
375:2 ×
371:CIWS
366:3 ×
301:4 ×
280:Beam
208:Fate
77:Name
48:HMS
3354:Elk
1649:doi
1641:108
1196:or
1170:ECM
1098:or
784:'s
771:A$
470:of
466:'s
402:ASW
346:nmi
332:28
193:: N
3581::
2228:.
2199:.
2191:.
2185:.
2158:.
2106:.
2067:).
1911:^
1869:^
1835:^
1818:,
1808:^
1791:,
1781:^
1720:.
1709:^
1689:.
1655:.
1639:.
1615:^
1600:^
1571:^
1520:^
1489:^
1470:^
1452:.
1416:.
1383:.
1370:^
1348:.
1294:RN
1287:RN
1280:RN
1273:RN
1266:RN
1259:RN
1249:RN
1242:RN
1229:RN
1222:RN
1215:RN
1141:s
976:,
972:,
818:,
795:.
505:.
315:8
310:hp
101:,
2686:e
2679:t
2672:v
2569:e
2562:t
2555:v
2541:.
2480:.
2461:.
2442:.
2423:.
2404:.
2385:.
2366:.
2347:.
2328:.
2309:.
2290:.
2262:.
2240:.
2214:.
2170:.
2029:.
1988:.
1962:.
1935:.
1905:.
1863:.
1822:(
1760:.
1734:.
1703:.
1663:.
1651::
1464:.
1427:.
1399:.
1364:.
1145:.
256:t
34:.
20:)
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