44:
456:
1309:
428:-leaved, non-spiny genus includes both small palms lacking an aboveground stem and large trees. The genus has a complicated taxonomic history, and has often been split into four or five genera based on differences in the male flowers. Since the genera can only be distinguished on the basis of their male flowers, the existence of intermediate flower types and the existence of hybrids between different genera has been used as an argument for keeping them all in the same genus. This has been supported by recent molecular phylogenies.
1578:
1486:
1498:
66:
495:—and a series of smaller branches, the rachillae. The rachillae, which bear the flowers, emerge from the rachis. The peduncle is the main stalk, connecting the rachis with the stem. Inflorescences either consist entirely of male flowers, or are predominantly female with a few male flowers. Fruit usually have two or three seeds, although fewer or more are present in some species, and are usually brown, yellow, orange-brown or purple when mature.
5340:
3328:
1568:
Species range across the
Neotropics from Mexico in the north to Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil in the south, from low elevations in coastal Brazil to up to 1,600 m (5,200 ft) above sea level in the Andes. According to Govaerts and coauthors, three species are found in Mexico, four
1141:) and this has been used as an argument for the single-genus approach. The fact that there are several hybrids between species that would be considered different genera under Glassman's five-genus system was also used as an argument for placing them in a single genus. Molecular phylogenetic work by
1361:
The three recent treatments (Henderson and coauthors, Glassman, and
Govaerts and Dransfield) recognised a total of 73 species, but only 20 species are accepted by all of them. The remainder account for either nine species or more than 40. For example, what Andrew Henderson considered a single
1595:
includes both large trees and small, acaulescent palms, which occupy a number of different ecological niches. Dense stands of some of the larger species are conspicuous elements on the landscape, while smaller species are found in both in the forest understorey and in savannas.
1551:
expands it pushes the young shoot away from the seed. After germination, the stem initially grows downward before turning to grow upward and produce the aboveground stem. This produces a "saxophone shaped" belowground portion of the stem. The fact that the
1358:, have been lost or destroyed. Sparse or incomplete collections make it difficult to differentiate variation within a single species from variation between different species. Taxonomic uncertainty is exacerbated by frequent hybridisation between species.
1337:
Andrew
Henderson and coauthors recognised 29 species in the genus, while Sidney Glassman recognised 65 species in his 1999 treatment of the group. Largely following Glassman's lead, Rafaël Govaerts and John Dransfield recognised 67 species in their 2005
1342:. An important element of this disagreement is the decision by Glassman to define species more narrowly than Henderson. As a result, what Henderson interpreted as variation within species, Glassman took as differences between
476:
palms with pinnately compound leaves—rows of leaflets emerge on either side of the axis of the leaf in a feather-like or fern-like pattern. Species range from large trees with stout stems up to 30 metres (98 ft) tall to
538:
have petals that are longer than the stamens. Five species do not fit easily into any of these groups; this fact has been used as an argument in favour of considering this group a single genus.
443:
and fibre. Many species are fire tolerant and thrive in disturbed habitats. Their seeds are animal dispersed, including some which are thought to have been adapted for dispersal by now-extinct
1909:; Larry Noblick; James W. Borrone; Thomas L. P. Couvreur; Margarita Mauro-Herrera; William J. Hahn; David N. Kuhn; Kyoko Nakamura; Nora H. Oleas; Raymond J. Schnell (2009). Joly, Simon (ed.).
1968:
Dransfield, John; Natalie W. Uhl; Conny B. Asmussen; William J. Baker; Madeline M. Harley; Carl E. Lewis (2005). "A New
Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae".
1115:
The multigenus approach is based solely on the structure of the male flowers; no other characters could be consistently associated with one genus or another. Four of the genera—
1569:
in
Central America, and 62 in South America. Three species are present in the Caribbean—two in Trinidad and Tobago, along the southern edge of the region, and one in Haiti.
481:
palms (ones which lack an aboveground stem). The number of leaves per individual varies from about three to thirty-five; larger plants tend to have more and longer leaves.
1131:—correspond to four different types of male flowers found within the genus. However, a few species have flowers that are intermediate between these four types, including
5545:
3034:
Porro, Roberto (2005). "Palms, Pastures, and
Swidden Fields: The Grounded Political Ecology of "Agro-Extractive/Shifting-cultivator Peasants" in MaranhĂŁo, Brazil".
2004:
Freitas, Cintia; Meerow, Alan W.; Pintaud, Jean-Christophe; Henderson, Andrew; Noblick, Larry; Costa, Flavia R. C.; Barbosa, Carlos E.; Barrington, David (2016).
5597:
5220:
5723:
5294:
1467:
was recognised as a distinct species by
Michael Balick and coauthors; Glassman and Govaerts and Dransfield concurred, but Henderson considered it part of
3125:
498:
Four different types of male flowers exist. On the basis of these flower types, the genus has often been split into four genera—a more narrowly defined
2329:
2301:
2273:
2245:
2217:
5493:
2813:
2590:"Tree species diversity in a seasonally-dry forest: the case of the PinkaitĂ site, in the KayapĂł Indigenous Area, Southeastern limits of the Amazon"
5571:
5506:
5351:
1735:
in 2005, and in 1985 it was estimated to support over 450,000 households throughout the Brazil. Piassava fibres, extracted from the leaf bases of
1518:—male and female flowers are separate, but are borne by the same plant. Various species have been described as being insect-pollinated, including
5636:
2366:
1911:"Phylogenetic Analysis of Seven WRKY Genes across the Palm Subtribe Attaleinae (Arecaceae) Identifies Syagrus as Sister Group of the Coconut"
2626:"The importance of forest disturbance for the recruitment of the large arborescent palm Attalea maripa in a seasonally dry Amazonian forest"
5299:
2006:"Phylogenetic analysis of Attalea (Arecaceae): insights into the historical biogeography of a recently diversified Neotropical plant group"
1283:
276:
2962:
2769:
1607:
palms was correlated with canopy openness; the species also dominates savannas formed by repeated forest fires in
Trinidad and Tobago.
5235:
5215:
4758:
1762:
1275:
241:
5279:
2533:
1838:
5718:
5320:
4775:
5532:
5325:
5262:
3118:
5576:
2442:
Feil, Jan Peter (1996). "Fruit
Production of Attalea colenda (Arecaceae) in Coastal Ecuador: An Alternative Oil Resource?".
5584:
5225:
435:
collections make it difficult to determine whether certain groups represent single species, or groups of similar species.
1625:
fibre) are managed using fire—the seedlings survive cutting and burning, and are able to dominate burned forest patches.
1200:-like clade. Despite the existence of three well-supported clades, Freitas and colleagues concluded that the concept of
473:
2395:
Moraes R., MĂłnica; Finn
Borchsenius; Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen (1996). "Notes on the Biology and Uses of the MotacĂş Palm (
5558:
5428:
5289:
1822:
1053:
5649:
5602:
5267:
5257:
5144:
4903:
2652:
2648:
387:
266:
2926:
Fragoso, Jose M. V. (1997). "Tapir-Generated Seed Shadows: Scale-Dependent Patchiness in the Amazon Rain Forest".
2485:
Anderson, Anthony B.; William L. Overal; Andrew Henderson (1988). "Pollination Ecology of a Forest-Dominant Palm (
5708:
3111:
1611:
forms pure stands in many parts of Brazil where natural forest vegetation has been cleared. Similarly, stands of
296:
262:
5654:
1544:
65:
5703:
5230:
3137:
2125:
1346:
similar species. This problem is complicated by the fact that many of these species are poorly represented in
5315:
4921:
1878:
1330:
1303:
221:
1473:
5480:
5371:
5047:
4874:
4751:
1388:
1221:
52:
5433:
2719:
1664:, fed upon the fruit, and as the fruit availability declined, they fed on the seeds. Other dispersers of
1439:
1382:
1364:
383:
5623:
5485:
1637:
1636:
have been mentioned as examples of anachronistic species which are adapted for dispersal by now-extinct
1577:
1449:
1400:
1394:
1073:
444:
400:
2625:
2100:
1628:
The fruit are dispersed by animals; fruit which are not dispersed frequently suffer seed predation by
1463:
1172:-like clade. This group was a sister to the other two clades. The second group, which they called the
5511:
5454:
5272:
5159:
4991:
2880:
2825:
2528:. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society. pp. 503–512.
1922:
1740:
1533:
1343:
1313:
1217:
186:
1485:
431:
Between 29 and 67 species are recognised in the genus, with estimates of as many as 100. Incomplete
5124:
5042:
5021:
4851:
3560:
2170:
Henderson, Andrew; Michael Balick (1991). "Attalea crassispatha, a rare and endemic Haitian palm".
1157:
2062:
1497:
1376:
as a species, and described four new species from material that had previously been attributed to
1064:
combined all the species in the subtribe Attaleinae (as it was then defined) into a single genus,
5675:
5641:
5119:
5084:
5064:
5059:
4893:
4886:
4867:
3671:
3090:
3051:
3016:
2943:
2849:
2750:
2742:
2697:
2677:
2570:
2506:
2467:
2459:
2424:
2416:
2199:
2191:
2152:
1977:
1258:
1156:
Cintia Freitas and colleagues identified three main clades within the genus based on the nuclear
228:
202:
60:
5628:
1101:
366:
5713:
5610:
5550:
5441:
5344:
4996:
4834:
4814:
4744:
2908:
2841:
2529:
2362:
1950:
1834:
1711:
1520:
488:
487:
are large, branched and borne among the leaves. The inflorescence consists of a main axis—the
379:
252:
5615:
4798:
4496:
3641:
3082:
3043:
3008:
2935:
2898:
2888:
2867:
GuimarĂŁes, Paola R. Jr.; Mauro Galetti; Pedro Jordano (2008). Hansen, Dennis Marinus (ed.).
2833:
2788:
2734:
2689:
2601:
2562:
2498:
2451:
2408:
2183:
2144:
2017:
1940:
1930:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1613:
1429:
1354:
species makes them difficult to collect. In addition, many important collections, including
1225:
940:
1774:
5011:
4936:
4821:
4636:
4307:
4177:
4101:
4045:
4025:
3484:
3305:
3147:
1653:
1515:
1369:
1249:
1233:
1161:
1133:
1105:
1001:
965:
947:
679:
565:
103:
1767:
Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 309 (1816)"
1420:
were all very similar, and thought it likely that they all represented the same species.
2999:(2001). "Remains of palms (Palmae) at archaeological sites in the New World: A review".
2884:
2829:
1926:
439:
species have a long history of human use, and include economically important sources of
5154:
5016:
4791:
4650:
4580:
4538:
4503:
4384:
4363:
4225:
4191:
3887:
3780:
3525:
3345:
3312:
2996:
2903:
2868:
2045:
1945:
1910:
1906:
1826:
1698:
1693:
1355:
1291:
1061:
1057:
1025:
779:
655:
461:
455:
340:
306:
90:
5697:
5409:
5284:
5210:
5175:
5109:
5074:
5069:
5001:
4963:
4953:
4948:
4858:
4720:
4615:
4461:
4440:
4004:
3988:
3811:
3802:
3650:
3567:
3495:
3385:
3185:
3055:
1581:
1229:
977:
484:
116:
3094:
3020:
2853:
2754:
2718:
May, Peter H.; Anthony B. Anderson; Michael J. Balick; José Mário F. Frazão (1985).
2606:
2589:
2574:
2471:
2428:
2203:
1308:
1112:, and Jean-Christophe Pintaud continued this usage in his 2008 review of the genus.
43:
5680:
5446:
5134:
5129:
4973:
4968:
4844:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4629:
4608:
4587:
4566:
4517:
4370:
4321:
4314:
4300:
4264:
4239:
4232:
4011:
3956:
3894:
3630:
3609:
3588:
3518:
3443:
3429:
3415:
3356:
3327:
3222:
3165:
1458:
1253:
1016:
214:
194:
5420:
2549:
Pinheiro, Claudio Urbano B. (2001). "Germination strategies in palms: the case of
2526:
Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr
1599:
Disturbance has been implicated in the formation of vegetation dominated by large
2893:
1935:
1048:
should be considered a single genus, or a group of related genera. In their 1996
5589:
5519:
5403:
5079:
4931:
4926:
4699:
4664:
4552:
4510:
4482:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4391:
4377:
4209:
4122:
4066:
4018:
3929:
3908:
3860:
3664:
3623:
3532:
3450:
3422:
3291:
3236:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3156:
2837:
1732:
1629:
1540:
1241:
1142:
959:
762:
478:
286:
129:
5149:
5054:
5006:
4958:
4713:
4657:
4489:
4468:
4405:
4398:
4356:
4328:
4273:
4246:
4198:
4108:
4052:
3949:
3940:
3880:
3871:
3832:
3738:
3657:
3616:
3504:
3475:
3401:
3298:
3277:
3256:
3174:
3086:
3047:
1702:
1697:
seeds have been found in archaeological sites in Colombia dating back to 9000
995:
989:
954:
943:
927:
805:
606:
159:
17:
5394:
5467:
5180:
5139:
5037:
4643:
4622:
4573:
4447:
4280:
4168:
4143:
4115:
4059:
3997:
3922:
3915:
3901:
3818:
3745:
3729:
3709:
3682:
3546:
3464:
3336:
3284:
3263:
3134:
1720:
1548:
1350:
collections. The large size of the leaves, inflorescences and fruit of many
1347:
1146:
1007:
589:
432:
421:
149:
5667:
2912:
2845:
1954:
1731:
were reported to support over 300,000 households in the Brazilian state of
1560:
seedlings are underground it likely to contribute to their fire-tolerance.
522:, while the other groups have straight ones. The petals of those placed in
5563:
2869:"Seed Dispersal Anachronisms: Rethinking the Fruits Extinct Megafauna Ate"
5662:
5388:
5192:
4943:
4767:
4706:
4601:
4594:
4559:
4545:
4531:
4184:
4150:
4129:
4036:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3853:
3846:
3787:
3773:
3752:
3394:
3365:
3247:
3229:
1677:
1622:
1603:
species. In seasonally dry Amazonian forests, the density of large adult
1553:
1333:
estimated that as many as 100 species may be in the genus. In their 1996
1318:
1263:
1245:
950:
440:
169:
139:
2656:
2647:
Govaerts, R.; J. Henderson; S.F. Zona; D.R. Hodel; A. Henderson (2010).
1981:
5498:
5114:
4524:
4454:
4349:
4291:
4253:
4136:
4087:
3839:
3766:
3759:
3718:
3691:
3595:
3581:
3574:
3553:
3511:
3436:
3270:
3012:
2947:
2746:
2738:
2701:
2566:
2510:
2463:
2455:
2420:
2412:
2195:
2156:
1833:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 153–164.
1641:
425:
2022:
2005:
5524:
4807:
4433:
4218:
4157:
4094:
3825:
3698:
3602:
3539:
3408:
3069:
Voeks, Robert A. (2002). "Reproductive ecology of the piassava palm (
1706:
1661:
1372:
consisting of four or five species. Glassman doubted the validity of
983:
855:
527:
519:
492:
5365:
2939:
2693:
2502:
2187:
2148:
1404:. Govaerts and Dransfield accepted both Glassman's four species and
3103:
1145:
and colleagues concluded that multi-genus approach did not produce
5472:
5187:
4475:
4342:
4335:
4080:
3457:
3374:
2175:
1618:
1576:
1496:
1484:
1307:
971:
838:
454:
417:
77:
5537:
1188:. The third group consisted mainly of species formerly placed in
1176:-like clade, consisted of most of the species formerly placed in
424:
native to Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America. This
2720:"Subsistence Benefits from the Babassu Palm (Orbignya martiana)"
1505:
5369:
4740:
3107:
2680:(1953). "The Savanna Vegetation of Northern Tropical America".
1727:
among the most important economically. Products extracted from
5459:
1532:, has been attributed both to insects and wind. The fruit are
1443:, considering the latter to either be an acaulescent form of
2092:
4736:
1408:. However, Jean-Christophe Pintaud was of the opinion that
1321:, is the most geographically isolated species in the genus.
1076:
divided the group into five genera—a more narrowly defined
2814:"Neotropical Anachronisms: The Fruit the Gomphotheres Ate"
1743:
20 million in annual income to Brazilian farmers in 1996.
1325:
Experts disagree about the number of species in the genus
1160:. The first of these, a group of species from the coastal
1471:. Glassman also described a fourth member of this group,
1719:
are used extensively for thatching. Several species are
1204:
as a single genus was best supported by their evidence.
1100:, the only member of that genus, was actually a hybrid.
2971:) in the Pantanal and a review of frugivory by raptors"
2781:
Yearbook, Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers
1691:
species have a long history of human use. Carbonised
2051:
recognised it as a distinct genus in their analysis.
1879:"An overview of the taxonomy of Attalea (Arecaceae)"
1672:, which consume the fruit and disperse the seeds of
5378:
5308:
5248:
5201:
5168:
5102:
5095:
5030:
4984:
4914:
4833:
4774:
4290:
4263:
4208:
4167:
4035:
3987:
3939:
3870:
3801:
3728:
3708:
3681:
3640:
3494:
3474:
3384:
3364:
3355:
3335:
3246:
3184:
3164:
3155:
1739:, are commercially important, and generated about
1477:, and it is accepted by Govaerts and Dransfield.
1433:and related species. Henderson (1995) recognised
1164:region in Brazil all of which had been placed in
2124:Anderson, Anthony B.; Michael J. Balick (1988).
1180:, together with several that had been placed in
926:Simplified phylogeny of members of the subtribe
2961:Galetti, Mauro; Paulo R. GuimarĂŁes Jr. (2004).
2119:
2117:
1070:Taxonomic Treatment of Palm Subtribe Attaleinae
1872:
1870:
1701:. Several species remain important sources of
4752:
3119:
2770:"Fire Management of the Piassava Fiber Palm (
2768:Voeks, Robert A.; Sergio G. da Vinha (1988).
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1329:(broadly defined). In 1965, Dutch taxonomist
8:
5221:Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange
2063:"A Taxonomic Treatment of the Palm Subtribe
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
5295:Social and environmental impact of palm oil
2619:
2617:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
465:showing leaf arrangement and inflorescences
5366:
5099:
4759:
4745:
4737:
3936:
3361:
3161:
3126:
3112:
3104:
2812:Janzen, Daniel H.; Paul S. Martin (1982).
2713:
2711:
2338:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2310:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2282:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2254:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2226:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2097:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1771:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1019:group, and sister to the clade containing
42:
31:
2902:
2892:
2605:
2524:Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987).
2021:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1944:
1934:
1709:, edible seeds, and fibre. The leaves of
1660:, deer, and primates. Rodents, including
1453:and it. Govaerts and Dransfield accepted
1137:(which Glassman placed in its own genus,
2010:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1901:
1899:
1831:Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas
1335:Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas
1220:in 1816 based on specimens collected by
1108:recognised a single genus in their 2005
1050:Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas
1751:
1757:
1755:
1096:, although he thought it likely that
235:
7:
5300:Vegetable oils as alternative energy
1168:in the narrow sense, was termed the
514:. The species sometimes referred to
1621:, Brazil (which are cultivated for
830:
754:
747:
740:
733:
671:
647:
640:
581:
557:
550:
5724:Taxa named by Carl Sigismund Kunth
5655:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005835-2
5236:Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
5216:Federal Land Development Authority
2126:"Taxonomy of the Babassu Complex (
2040:listed this genus as a synonym of
1368:, other authors have considered a
1276:Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
1044:Disagreement exists as to whether
25:
5280:Environmental impact of biodiesel
2103:from the original on May 17, 2008
1877:Pintaud, Jean-Christophe (2008).
930:, based on seven WRKY gene loci.
5339:
5338:
3326:
2385:. 1987, Anderson and Balick 1988
64:
2967:(Palmae) by Crested caracaras (
2651:. The Board of Trustees of the
2607:10.1590/S0044-59672004000300009
1457:, but Glassman considered it a
1278:in 1826 and 1837 respectively.
5263:Certified sustainable palm oil
2649:"World Checklist of Arecaceae"
2075:Illinois Biological Monographs
1232:descriptions exist, including
1:
5226:Malaysia Derivatives Exchange
2894:10.1371/journal.pone.0001745
2489:Mart.) in Northern Brazil".
2399:, Arecaceae) from Bolivia".
2061:Glassman, Sidney F. (1999).
1936:10.1371/journal.pone.0007353
1547:—during germination, as the
1248:, known for his interest in
534:and a more narrowly defined
5290:Issues relating to biofuels
3075:Journal of Tropical Ecology
2838:10.1126/science.215.4528.19
2361:. Oxford University Press.
1886:Revista Peruana de BiologĂa
1423:Another species complex in
957:, together with the genera
5740:
5268:Deforestation by continent
5258:Biofuel policy of Malaysia
5145:Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad
4904:Bursaphelenchus cocophilus
2653:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2357:Henderson, Andrew (1995).
1493:sp. swarming with insects.
1301:
1240:. The genus was named for
526:are much shorter than the
5334:
3324:
3144:
3087:10.1017/s0266467402002079
3048:10.1007/s10745-005-1654-2
887:
852:
835:
828:
802:
776:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
693:
676:
669:
652:
645:
638:
603:
586:
579:
562:
555:
234:
227:
222:Between 29 and 67 species
220:
213:
200:
193:
61:Scientific classification
59:
50:
41:
34:
5231:Malaysian Palm Oil Board
2178:subscription required).
1340:World Checklist of Palms
1110:World Checklist of Palms
1011:. Within this subtribe,
530:, while those placed in
5719:Neotropical realm flora
2359:The palms of the Amazon
1652:fruit were consumed by
1524:, while pollination in
1481:Reproduction and growth
1331:Jan Gerard Wessels Boer
1304:List of Attalea species
1236:'s 1703 description of
1196:; they called this the
1184:(narrowly defined) and
1153:as a single genus did.
1015:has been found to be a
939:has been placed in the
459:Detail of the crown of
4875:Rhynchophorus palmarum
2995:Morcote-RĂos, Gaspar;
2787:: 7–13. Archived from
2624:Salm, Rudolfo (2005).
2588:Salm, Rudolfo (2004).
1589:
1508:
1494:
1489:Male inflorescence of
1322:
1242:Attalus III Philometor
1228:, although older, pre-
1222:Alexander von Humboldt
466:
5624:Paleobiology Database
4863:Little leaf syndrome
4859:Cadang-cadang disease
3073:) of Bahia, Brazil".
2682:Ecological Monographs
1638:Pleistocene megafauna
1632:. Certain species of
1580:
1500:
1488:
1474:A. brejinhoensis
1311:
1149:groups, but treating
1119:(in a narrow sense),
458:
445:Pleistocene megafauna
5273:Southeast Asian haze
5160:Wilmar International
4992:Biodiesel production
4882:Oil palm bunch moth
2774:) in Eastern Brazil"
2659:on February 21, 2007
1640:. On Maracá Island,
1447:or a hybrid between
1389:A. degranvillei
1314:Attalea crassispatha
1238:A. crassispatha
1218:Carl Sigismund Kunth
1216:was first described
1072:, American botanist
53:Attalea brasiliensis
5169:Buyers / processors
5125:Equatorial Palm Oil
5022:Transesterification
4852:Ganoderma orbiforme
3561:Johannesteijsmannia
2963:"Seed dispersal of
2885:2008PLoSO...3.1745G
2830:1982Sci...215...19J
1927:2009PLoSO...4.7353M
1892:(supl. 1): 055–063.
1573:Habitat and ecology
1455:A. spectabilis
1440:A. spectabilis
1418:A. attaleoides
1406:A. attaleoides
1383:A. camopiensis
1378:A. attaleoides
1374:A. attaleoides
1365:Attalea attaleoides
5120:Carson Cumberbatch
5065:Girl Scout Cookies
5060:Cellulosic ethanol
4901:Red ring disease (
4894:Tirathaba rufivena
4887:Tirathaba mundella
4868:Oryctes rhinoceros
3013:10.1007/BF02858098
2928:Journal of Ecology
2739:10.1007/BF02907831
2567:10.1007/BF02809652
2487:Orbignya phalerata
2456:10.1007/BF02907337
2413:10.1007/BF02866525
2220:Attalea amygdalina
1658:collared peccaries
1590:
1509:
1495:
1450:A. microcarpa
1414:A. maripensis
1410:A. guianensis
1401:A. maripensis
1395:A. guianensis
1323:
1274:were described by
1259:A. amygdalina
1074:Sidney F. Glassman
467:
203:Attalea amygdalina
5691:
5690:
5611:Open Tree of Life
5372:Taxon identifiers
5363:
5362:
5249:Policies, impacts
5244:
5243:
4997:Fat hydrogenation
4734:
4733:
4730:
4729:
3797:
3796:
3322:
3321:
2965:Attalea phalerata
2551:Schippia concolor
2397:Attalea phalerata
2368:978-0-19-508311-8
2137:Systematic Botany
2023:10.1111/boj.12466
1823:Henderson, Andrew
1712:Attalea butyracea
1676:in the Brazilian
1674:A. phalerata
1670:crested caracaras
1282:was described by
953:and the subtribe
934:
933:
920:
919:
911:
910:
902:
901:
876:
875:
867:
866:
817:
816:
791:
790:
720:
719:
711:
710:
627:
626:
618:
617:
409:
408:
403:
390:
369:
359:
351:
343:
333:
325:
317:
309:
299:
289:
279:
269:
255:
244:
189:
16:(Redirected from
5731:
5709:Arecaceae genera
5684:
5683:
5671:
5670:
5658:
5657:
5645:
5644:
5632:
5631:
5619:
5618:
5606:
5605:
5593:
5592:
5590:NHMSYS0021195867
5580:
5579:
5567:
5566:
5554:
5553:
5541:
5540:
5528:
5527:
5515:
5514:
5502:
5501:
5489:
5488:
5476:
5475:
5463:
5462:
5450:
5449:
5437:
5436:
5424:
5423:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5367:
5342:
5341:
5204:non-governmental
5100:
4849:Basal stem rot (
4761:
4754:
4747:
4738:
3937:
3642:Chuniophoeniceae
3362:
3330:
3162:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3071:Attalea funifera
3066:
3060:
3059:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3001:Botanical Review
2992:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2969:Caracara plancus
2958:
2952:
2951:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2793:
2778:
2772:Attalea funifera
2765:
2759:
2758:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2655:. Archived from
2644:
2638:
2637:
2630:Biota Neotropica
2621:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2134:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2058:
2052:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2001:
1986:
1985:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1874:
1845:
1844:
1819:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1773:. Archived from
1759:
1737:A. funifera
1729:A. speciosa
1725:A. speciosa
1646:Brazilian Amazon
1614:A. funifera
1534:animal-dispersed
1469:A. speciosa
1464:Attalea vitrivir
1445:A. speciosa
1435:A. speciosa
1430:A. speciosa
1250:medicinal plants
1158:WRKY gene family
1054:Andrew Henderson
831:
755:
748:
741:
734:
672:
648:
641:
582:
558:
551:
546:
545:
399:
397: Maximbignya
396:
378:
375:
365:
357:
349:
339:
331:
323:
315:
305:
295:
285:
275:
261:
250:
240:
185:
69:
68:
46:
32:
21:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5704:Attalea (plant)
5694:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5679:
5674:
5666:
5661:
5653:
5648:
5640:
5635:
5627:
5622:
5614:
5609:
5601:
5596:
5588:
5583:
5575:
5570:
5562:
5557:
5549:
5544:
5536:
5531:
5523:
5518:
5510:
5505:
5497:
5492:
5484:
5479:
5471:
5466:
5458:
5453:
5445:
5440:
5432:
5427:
5419:
5417:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5374:
5364:
5359:
5330:
5304:
5250:
5240:
5203:
5197:
5164:
5091:
5026:
4980:
4910:
4836:
4829:
4770:
4765:
4735:
4726:
4637:Phoenicophorium
4308:Archontophoenix
4286:
4259:
4204:
4163:
4046:Beccariophoenix
4031:
3983:
3935:
3866:
3793:
3724:
3704:
3677:
3636:
3490:
3470:
3380:
3351:
3331:
3318:
3306:Plectocomiopsis
3242:
3180:
3151:
3150:(2016) taxonomy
3140:
3132:
3102:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3033:
3032:
3028:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2973:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2940:10.2307/2960574
2925:
2924:
2920:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2824:(4528): 19–27.
2811:
2810:
2806:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2776:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2727:Economic Botany
2722:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2694:10.2307/1948518
2676:
2675:
2671:
2662:
2660:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2503:10.2307/2388234
2484:
2483:
2479:
2444:Economic Botany
2441:
2440:
2436:
2401:Economic Botany
2394:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2342:
2340:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2256:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2230:
2228:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2188:10.2307/2807059
2169:
2168:
2164:
2149:10.2307/2419239
2132:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2035:
2031:
2003:
2002:
1989:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1907:Meerow, Alan W.
1905:
1904:
1897:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1848:
1841:
1821:
1820:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1686:
1630:bruchid beetles
1575:
1566:
1483:
1370:species complex
1344:morphologically
1306:
1300:
1284:Hermann Karsten
1234:Charles Plumier
1210:
1162:Atlantic Forest
1134:A. colenda
1106:John Dransfield
1102:Rafäel Govaerts
966:Beccariophoenix
921:
912:
903:
877:
868:
818:
792:
721:
712:
698:(nested within
628:
619:
566:Beccariophoenix
544:
472:is a genus of
453:
394:
376: Attabignya
373:
209:
206:
184:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5737:
5735:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5696:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5681:wfo-4000003620
5672:
5659:
5646:
5633:
5620:
5607:
5594:
5581:
5568:
5555:
5542:
5529:
5516:
5503:
5490:
5477:
5464:
5451:
5438:
5425:
5415:
5400:
5384:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5207:
5205:
5202:Governmental /
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5155:TH Plantations
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5106:
5104:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5017:Saponification
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4890:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4871:
4861:
4856:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4818:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4795:
4780:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4741:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4651:Verschaffeltia
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4581:Brassiophoenix
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4504:Acanthophoenix
4500:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4385:Lepidorrhachis
4381:
4374:
4367:
4364:Burretiokentia
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4226:Pholidostachys
4222:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4195:
4192:Neonicholsonia
4188:
4181:
4173:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4041:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3993:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3945:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3781:Borassodendron
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3714:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3687:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3526:Rhapidophyllum
3522:
3515:
3508:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3480:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3368:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3341:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3061:
3026:
2997:Rodrigo Bernal
2987:
2953:
2918:
2859:
2804:
2760:
2733:(2): 113–129.
2707:
2688:(2): 149–215.
2669:
2639:
2613:
2600:(3): 435–443.
2594:Acta Amazonica
2580:
2561:(4): 519–527.
2541:
2534:
2516:
2497:(3): 192–205.
2477:
2450:(3): 300–309.
2434:
2407:(4): 423–428.
2387:
2374:
2367:
2349:
2321:
2293:
2265:
2237:
2209:
2182:(3): 189–194.
2162:
2130:spp.: Palmae)"
2113:
2084:
2053:
2029:
2016:(2): 287–302.
1987:
1960:
1895:
1846:
1839:
1827:Gloria Galeano
1787:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1717:A. maripa
1694:Attalea maripa
1685:
1682:
1668:fruit include
1605:A. maripa
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1545:remote tubular
1482:
1479:
1356:type specimens
1302:Main article:
1299:
1296:
1292:Orator F. Cook
1262:, a Colombian
1209:
1206:
1068:. In his 1999
1062:Rodrigo Bernal
1058:Gloria Galeano
1026:Polyandrococos
932:
931:
923:
922:
918:
917:
914:
913:
909:
908:
905:
904:
900:
899:
896:
895:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
874:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
861:
860:
851:
848:
847:
844:
843:
834:
829:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
815:
814:
811:
810:
801:
798:
797:
794:
793:
789:
788:
785:
784:
780:Polyandrococos
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
758:
753:
751:
746:
744:
739:
737:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
718:
717:
714:
713:
709:
708:
705:
704:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
675:
670:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
656:Cocos nucifera
651:
646:
644:
639:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
625:
624:
621:
620:
616:
615:
612:
611:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
585:
580:
578:
575:
574:
571:
570:
561:
556:
554:
549:
543:
540:
485:Inflorescences
462:Attalea maripa
452:
449:
407:
406:
405:
404:
391:
370:
360:
352:
344:
334:
326:
318:
310:
300:
290:
283:Englerophoenix
280:
270:
256:
245:
232:
231:
225:
224:
218:
217:
211:
210:
207:
198:
197:
191:
190:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
120:
119:
114:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
27:Genus of palms
26:
24:
18:Attalea (palm)
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5736:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5682:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5285:Food vs. fuel
5283:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5247:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5211:FELCRA Berhad
5209:
5208:
5206:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5110:Bumitama Agri
5108:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5096:Organisations
5094:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5075:Vegetable oil
5073:
5071:
5070:Oleochemicals
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5002:Fractionation
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4964:palmitic acid
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4954:myristic acid
4952:
4950:
4949:linoleic acid
4947:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4757:
4755:
4750:
4748:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4723:
4722:
4721:Rhopaloblaste
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4616:Rhopalostylis
4613:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4462:Calyptrocalyx
4459:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4441:Lemurophoenix
4438:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4005:Wendlandiella
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3989:Chamaedoreeae
3986:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3812:Pseudophoenix
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3803:Ceroxyloideae
3800:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3651:Chuniophoenix
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3568:Pholidocarpus
3565:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3496:Trachycarpeae
3493:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3386:Cryosophileae
3383:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3186:Lepidocaryeae
3183:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3036:Human Ecology
3030:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3007:(3): 309–50.
3006:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2984:(2): 133–135.
2983:
2979:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2957:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2934:(4): 519–29.
2933:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2794:on 2011-07-20
2790:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2773:
2764:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2535:0-935868-30-5
2531:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2325:
2322:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2297:
2294:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2241:
2238:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1976:(4): 559–69.
1975:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1921:(10): e7353.
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:0-691-08537-4
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1777:on 2020-08-05
1776:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1582:Scarlet macaw
1579:
1572:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1286:in 1857, and
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1266:. The genera
1265:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:Aimé Bonpland
1223:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
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1179:
1175:
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1163:
1159:
1154:
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1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:Ynesa colenda
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
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1028:
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986:
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916:
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872:
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849:
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826:
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724:
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623:
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584:
583:
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569:
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541:
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99:
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92:
91:Tracheophytes
89:
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83:
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79:
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73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
55:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
5379:
5350:
5343:
5135:FGV Holdings
5130:Feronia Inc.
4969:stearic acid
4902:
4892:
4885:
4873:
4866:
4850:
4845:Bagworm moth
4835:Diseases and
4820:
4815:E. guineesis
4813:
4806:
4797:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4693:Heterospathe
4691:
4686:Dransfieldia
4684:
4679:Dictyosperma
4677:
4672:Cyrtostachys
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4630:Nephrosperma
4628:
4621:
4614:
4609:Wallaceodoxa
4607:
4600:
4593:
4588:Ptychococcus
4586:
4579:
4572:
4567:Drymophloeus
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4518:Ptychosperma
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4371:Cyphophoenix
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4322:Chambeyronia
4320:
4315:Actinokentia
4313:
4306:
4301:Actinorhytis
4299:
4279:
4272:
4265:Pelagodoxeae
4252:
4245:
4240:Calyptronoma
4238:
4233:Calyptrogyne
4231:
4224:
4217:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4024:
4017:
4012:Synechanthus
4010:
4003:
3996:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3957:Dictyocaryum
3955:
3948:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3895:Sclerosperma
3893:
3886:
3879:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3717:
3697:
3690:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3631:Washingtonia
3629:
3622:
3615:
3610:Colpothrinax
3608:
3601:
3594:
3589:Acoelorraphe
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3519:Trachycarpus
3517:
3510:
3503:
3483:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3444:Chelyocarpus
3442:
3435:
3430:Leucothrinax
3428:
3421:
3416:Coccothrinax
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3373:
3357:Coryphoideae
3344:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3235:
3228:
3223:Lepidocaryum
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3173:
3166:Eugeissoneae
3146:Baker &
3078:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3042:(1): 17–56.
3039:
3035:
3029:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2879:(3): e1745.
2876:
2872:
2862:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2796:. Retrieved
2789:the original
2784:
2780:
2771:
2763:
2730:
2726:
2685:
2681:
2678:Beard, J. S.
2672:
2661:. Retrieved
2657:the original
2642:
2633:
2629:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2558:
2554:
2553:in Belize".
2550:
2544:
2525:
2519:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2382:
2377:
2358:
2352:
2341:. Retrieved
2337:
2331:
2324:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:
2303:
2296:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2275:
2268:
2257:. Retrieved
2253:
2247:
2240:
2229:. Retrieved
2225:
2219:
2212:
2179:
2171:
2165:
2143:(1): 32–50.
2140:
2136:
2127:
2105:. Retrieved
2096:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2013:
2009:
1973:
1970:Kew Bulletin
1969:
1963:
1918:
1914:
1889:
1885:
1830:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:the original
1770:
1764:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1710:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1673:
1665:
1649:
1633:
1627:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1567:
1564:Distribution
1557:
1538:
1529:
1525:
1521:A. phalerata
1519:
1514:species are
1511:
1510:
1501:
1490:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1454:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1360:
1351:
1339:
1334:
1326:
1324:
1317:, a Haitian
1312:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1254:type species
1237:
1213:
1211:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1150:
1147:monophyletic
1138:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1017:monophyletic
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
936:
935:
890:
889:
888:
854:
853:
837:
836:
804:
803:
778:
777:
761:
760:
699:
695:
694:
678:
677:
654:
653:
605:
604:
588:
587:
564:
563:
535:
531:
523:
518:have coiled
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
497:
483:
469:
468:
460:
436:
430:
412:
411:
410:
393:
384:A.B.Anderson
372:
362:
354:
346:
337:Parascheelea
336:
328:
320:
312:
302:
292:
282:
272:
263:O.Targ.Tozz.
258:
247:
237:
201:
195:Type species
180:
179:
123:
110:
97:
84:
51:
35:
29:
5520:iNaturalist
5404:Wikispecies
5251:and debates
5055:Bioplastics
4932:lauric acid
4927:Palm kernel
4822:E. oleifera
4799:A. speciosa
4700:Hydriastele
4665:Clinostigma
4553:Carpentaria
4511:Tectiphiala
4483:Laccospadix
4427:Clinosperma
4420:Cyphokentia
4413:Neoveitchia
4392:Physokentia
4378:Cyphosperma
4210:Geonomateae
4123:Astrocaryum
4067:Allagoptera
4019:Chamaedorea
3930:Leopoldinia
3909:Reinhardtia
3861:Phytelephas
3665:Nannorrhops
3624:Pritchardia
3533:Maxburretia
3451:Cryosophila
3423:Hemithrinax
3292:Plectocomia
3237:Mauritiella
3209:Laccosperma
3202:Eremospatha
3195:Oncocalamus
3157:Calamoideae
3081:: 121–136.
2248:Maximiliana
2042:Allagoptera
2036:Dransfield
1609:A. speciosa
1584:feeding on
1541:germination
1530:A. speciosa
1502:Attalea sp.
1268:Maximiliana
1194:Maximiliana
1143:Alan Meerow
1125:Maximiliana
1086:Maximiliana
1021:Allagoptera
960:Allagoptera
763:Allagoptera
524:Maximiliana
508:Maximiliana
479:acaulescent
451:Description
416:is a large
358:O.F.Cook
350:O.F.Cook
332:O.F.Cook
324:O.F.Cook
316:O.F.Cook
259:Lithocarpos
238:Maximiliana
156:Subfamily:
130:Commelinids
104:Angiosperms
5698:Categories
5352:by country
5309:By country
5150:Sime Darby
5007:Hydrolysis
4959:oleic acid
4915:Components
4714:Loxococcus
4658:Bentinckia
4490:Oncosperma
4469:Linospadix
4406:Satakentia
4399:Carpoxylon
4357:Basselinia
4329:Kentiopsis
4274:Pelagodoxa
4247:Asterogyne
4199:Oenocarpus
4109:Parajubaea
4053:Jubaeopsis
3950:Iriartella
3941:Iriarteeae
3881:Podococcus
3872:Arecoideae
3833:Oraniopsis
3739:Bismarckia
3658:Kerriodoxa
3617:Copernicia
3505:Chamaerops
3476:Phoeniceae
3402:Trithrinax
3299:Myrialepis
3278:Metroxylon
3257:Korthalsia
3175:Eugeissona
3148:Dransfield
2798:2010-03-03
2663:2010-02-27
2491:Biotropica
2343:2010-02-17
2315:2010-02-17
2287:2010-02-17
2259:2010-02-17
2231:2010-02-17
2107:2010-04-02
2065:Attaleinae
1781:2007-02-24
1747:References
1703:edible oil
1554:shoot tips
1526:A. colenda
1516:monoecious
1244:, king of
1212:The genus
1031:Parajubaea
996:Parajubaea
990:Jubaeopsis
955:Attaleinae
944:Arecoideae
928:Attaleinae
806:Parajubaea
696:Lytocaryum
607:Jubaeopsis
388:Med.-Costa
297:Barb.Rodr.
160:Arecoideae
5321:Indonesia
5181:GreenPalm
5140:IOI Group
5103:Producers
5043:by region
5038:Biodiesel
4985:Processes
4792:A. maripa
4776:Oil palms
4644:Roscheria
4623:Hedyscepe
4574:Normanbya
4448:Marojejya
4281:Sommieria
4169:Euterpeae
4144:Desmoncus
4116:Acrocomia
4060:Voanioala
3998:Hyophorbe
3923:Hyospathe
3916:Manicaria
3902:Roystonea
3819:Ceroxylon
3746:Satranala
3730:Borasseae
3710:Corypheae
3683:Caryoteae
3547:Livistona
3465:Sabinaria
3337:Nypoideae
3285:Pigafetta
3264:Eleiodoxa
3135:Arecaceae
3056:153617434
2978:Ararajuba
2555:Brittonia
2172:Brittonia
1721:oil palms
1650:A. maripa
1644:, in the
1549:cotyledon
1427:includes
1362:species,
1348:herbarium
1294:in 1942.
1008:Voanioala
941:subfamily
590:Voanioala
474:non-spiny
433:herbarium
426:pinnately
313:Heptantra
251:Mart. ex
215:Diversity
150:Arecaceae
74:Kingdom:
5714:Oil palm
5668:40022538
5663:Tropicos
5389:Wikidata
5345:Category
5326:Malaysia
5316:Colombia
5193:Unilever
5031:Products
4944:Palm oil
4922:Mesocarp
4768:Palm oil
4707:Iguanura
4602:Manjekia
4595:Jailoloa
4560:Wodyetia
4546:Veitchia
4532:Adonidia
4497:Deckenia
4185:Prestoea
4151:Barcella
4130:Aiphanes
4037:Cocoseae
3978:Wettinia
3971:Socratea
3964:Iriartea
3854:Aphandra
3847:Ammandra
3788:Borassus
3774:Lodoicea
3753:Hyphaene
3395:Schippia
3366:Sabaleae
3248:Calameae
3230:Mauritia
3095:84211050
3021:46582757
2913:18320062
2873:PLOS ONE
2854:19296719
2846:17790450
2755:43133375
2575:45335410
2472:22885187
2429:19066490
2304:Scheelea
2276:Orbignya
2204:12177917
2128:Orbignya
2101:Archived
2081:: 1–414.
1982:25070242
1955:19806212
1915:PLOS ONE
1829:(1995).
1733:MaranhĂŁo
1678:Pantanal
1623:piassava
1280:Scheelea
1272:Orbignya
1246:Pergamon
1230:Linnaean
1198:Orbigyna
1190:Orbigyna
1186:Orbigyna
1178:Scheelea
1174:Scheelea
1129:Scheelea
1121:Orbignya
1090:Scheelea
1082:Orbignya
951:Cocoseae
542:Taxonomy
532:Scheelea
516:Orbignya
512:Scheelea
504:Orbignya
491:and the
489:peduncle
441:palm oil
401:Glassman
363:Markleya
307:O.F.Cook
293:Pindarea
277:H.Karst.
273:Scheelea
248:Orbignya
229:Synonyms
170:Cocoseae
146:Family:
140:Arecales
117:Monocots
5551:1087050
5538:31105-1
5499:2732664
5410:Attalea
5395:Q141226
5380:Attalea
5115:Cargill
5080:cooking
5012:Milling
4974:stearin
4785:Attalea
4525:Ponapea
4455:Masoala
4350:Pinanga
4292:Areceae
4254:Geonoma
4178:Euterpe
4137:Bactris
4102:Syagrus
4074:Attalea
4026:Gaussia
3840:Ravenea
3767:Latania
3760:Medemia
3719:Corypha
3692:Caryota
3596:Serenoa
3582:Lanonia
3575:Saribus
3554:Licuala
3512:Guihaia
3485:Phoenix
3437:Thrinax
3313:Calamus
3271:Salacca
2948:2960574
2904:2258420
2881:Bibcode
2826:Bibcode
2818:Science
2747:4254727
2702:1948518
2511:2388234
2464:4255847
2421:4255886
2381:Balick
2196:2807059
2157:2419239
2069:Cocoeae
2067:(Tribe
1946:2752195
1923:Bibcode
1765:Attalea
1723:, with
1689:Attalea
1666:Attalea
1662:agoutis
1642:Roraima
1634:Attalea
1601:Attalea
1593:Attalea
1586:Attalea
1558:Attalea
1512:Attalea
1491:Attalea
1461:taxon.
1459:dubious
1425:Attalea
1352:Attalea
1327:Attalea
1319:endemic
1298:Species
1264:endemic
1214:Attalea
1208:History
1202:Attalea
1182:Attalea
1170:Attalea
1166:Attalea
1151:Attalea
1117:Attalea
1078:Attalea
1066:Attalea
1046:Attalea
1013:Attalea
1002:Syagrus
937:Attalea
891:Attalea
700:Syagrus
680:Syagrus
536:Attalea
528:stamens
520:anthers
500:Attalea
470:Attalea
437:Attalea
413:Attalea
347:Sarinia
329:Ethnora
321:Temenia
181:Attalea
176:Genus:
166:Tribe:
136:Order:
78:Plantae
36:Attalea
5637:PLANTS
5629:259674
5616:408014
5603:115444
5577:500797
5486:103120
5434:223640
5421:188432
5418:APDB:
4808:Elaeis
4539:Balaka
4434:Dypsis
4219:Welfia
4158:Elaeis
4095:Jubaea
3888:Orania
3826:Juania
3699:Arenga
3672:Tahina
3603:Brahea
3540:Rhapis
3409:Zombia
3216:Raphia
3138:genera
3093:
3054:
3019:
2946:
2911:
2901:
2852:
2844:
2753:
2745:
2700:
2573:
2532:
2509:
2470:
2462:
2427:
2419:
2383:et al.
2365:
2202:
2194:
2155:
2093:"WCSP"
2049:et al.
2046:Meerow
2044:, but
2038:et al.
1980:
1953:
1943:
1837:
1707:thatch
1654:tapirs
1588:fruit.
1252:. The
1060:, and
1039:Jubaea
1037:, and
1005:, and
984:Jubaea
946:, the
856:Jubaea
510:, and
493:rachis
386:&
380:Balick
367:Bondar
341:Dugand
303:Bornoa
287:Kuntze
267:Steud.
5642:ATTAL
5546:IRMNG
5525:67512
5473:1ATTG
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