Pottery of ancient Greece - Knowledge (XXG)

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Aloupi E., Stalios A.D., 1993. "New Evidence for the Nature of the Attic Black Gloss". Archaeometry 35(1), 23-34, Aloupi-Siotis E., "Recovery and Revival of Attic Vase-Decoration Techniques: What can they offer Archaeological Research?", in "Papers on Special Techniques in Athenian Vases" 2008: 113–128, Walton, M., Trentelman, K., Cummings, M., Poretti, G., Maish, J., Saunders, D., Foran, B., Brodie, M., Mehta, A. (2013), "Material Evidence for Multiple Firings of Ancient Athenian Red-Figure Pottery". Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 96: 2031–2035., and Walton, M. S., Doehne, E., Trentelman, K., Chiari, G., Maish, J. and Buxbaum, A. (2009), "Characterization of coral red slips on Green Attic pottery". Archaeometry, 51: 383–396, Lühl L, Hesse B, Mantouvalou I, Wilke M, Mahlkow S, Aloupi-Siotis E, Kanngiesser B., 2014. "Confocal XANES and the Attic black glaze: the three-stage firing process through modern reproduction". Anal Chem. Jul 15;86(14), 6924-30, Chaviara, A. & Aloupi-Siotis, E., 2016. "The story of a soil that became a glaze: Chemical and microscopic fingerprints on the Attic vases". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 7, 510-518.

586: 1949: 802: 44: 219: 816: 1383:, etc., as well as a repertory of non-mythological animals arranged in friezes across the belly of the vase. In these friezes, painters also began to apply lotuses or palmettes. Depictions of humans were relatively rare. Those that have been found are figures in silhouette with some incised detail, perhaps the origin of the incised silhouette figures of the black-figure period. There is sufficient detail on these figures to allow scholars to discern a number of different artists' hands. Geometrical features remained in the style called proto-Corinthian that embraced these Orientalizing experiments, yet which coexisted with a conservative sub-geometric style. 1621: 695:

that used for the body of the vase in terms of the calcium content, the exact mineral composition and the particle size. The fine clay suspension used for the paint was either produced by using several deflocculating additives to clay (potash, urea, dregs of wine, bone ashes, seaweed ashes, etc.) or by collecting it in situ from illitic clay beds following rain periods. Recent studies have shown that some trace elements in the black glaze (i.e. Zn in particular) can be characteristic of the clay beds used in antiquity. In general, different teams of scholars suggest different approaches concerning the production of the clay slip used in antiquity.

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preference for the typical scenes of the Geometrical Period, like processions of chariots. However, they adopt the principle of line drawing to replace the silhouette. In the middle of the 7th century BC, there appears the black and white style: black figures on a white zone, accompanied by polychromy to render the color of the flesh or clothing. Clay used in Athens was much more orange than that of Corinth, and so did not lend itself as easily to the representation of flesh. Attic Orientalising Painters include the

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faithful reproduction of the process involving extensive experimental work that led to the creation of a modern production unit in Athens since 2000, has shown that the ancient vases may have been subjected to multiple three-stage firings following repainting or as an attempt to correct color failures The technique which is mostly known as the "iron reduction technique" was decoded with the contribution of scholars, ceramists and scientists from the mid 18th century onwards to the end of the 20th century, i.e.

1294: 828: 1114:. It is one of the few modes of artistic expression besides jewelry in this period since the sculpture, monumental architecture and mural painting of this era are unknown to us. By 1050 BC life in the Greek peninsula seems to have become sufficiently settled to allow a marked improvement in the production of earthenware. The style is confined to the rendering of circles, triangles, wavy lines and arcs, but placed with evident consideration and notable dexterity, probably aided by 1092: 1455: 291: 1889: 704: 790: 1680: 1347: 1142: 1578: 653: 409: 627: 615: 595: 687: 766:(1752), Durand-Greville (1891), Binns and Fraser (1925), Schumann (1942), Winter (1959), Bimson (1956), Noble (1960, 1965), Hofmann (1962), Oberlies (1968), Pavicevic (1974), Aloupi (1993). More recent studies by Walton et al. (2009), Walton et al.(2014), Lühl et al.(2014) and Chaviara & Aloupi-Siotis (2016) by using advanced analytical techniques provide detailed information on the process and the raw materials used. 2020: 7081: 7091: 7101: 30: 1162: 758:); at this stage the temperature decreases due to incomplete combustion. In a final reoxidizing phase (at about 800–850 °C) the kiln was opened and oxygen reintroduced causing the unslipped reserved clay to go back to orange-red while the slipped area on the vase that had been sintered/vitrified in the previous phase, could no longer be oxidized and remained black. 319:'s folios record the shapes or attempt to supply a date and are therefore unreliable as an archaeological record. Serious attempts at scholarly study made steady progress over the 19th century starting with the founding of the Instituto di Corrispondenza in Rome in 1828 (later the German Archaeological Institute), followed by 1936:. Next to her stands a male figure, naked and winged. Both figures wear wreaths made of leaves and their hair preserve traces of golden paint. The features of their faces are stylized. The vase has a white ground and maintains in several parts the traces of bluish, greenish and reddish paint. It dates to the 4th century BC. 1510:

figure the animal frieze declined in size relative to the human scene during the middle to late phase. By the mid-6th century BC, the quality of Corinthian ware had fallen away significantly to the extent that some Corinthian potters would disguise their pots with a red slip in imitation of superior Athenian ware.

669:. Once the clay is on the wheel the potter can shape it into any of the many shapes shown below, or anything else he desires. Wheel-made pottery dates back to roughly 2500 BC. Before this, the coil method of building the walls of the pot was employed. Most Greek vases were wheel-made, though as with the 1440:, which copied bronze models, and dishes, with or without feet. The decoration is organized in superimposed registers in which stylized animals, in particular of feral goats (from whence the name) pursue each other in friezes. Many decorative motifs (floral triangles, swastikas, etc.) fill the empty spaces. 2104:

respectively. Trademarks are found from the start of the 6th century on Corinthian pieces; these may have belonged to an exporting merchant rather than the pottery workfield and this remains a matter of conjecture. Patrons' names are also sometimes recorded, as are the names of characters and objects

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Relief and plastic vases became particularly popular in the 4th century BC and continued being manufactured in the Hellenistic period. They were inspired by the so-called "rich style" developed mainly in Attica after 420 BC. The main features were the multi-figured compositions with use of added

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and Darrell Amyx, can be traced though the parallel treatment of animal and human figures. The animal motifs have greater prominence on the vase and show the greatest experimentation in the early phase of Corinthian black-figure. As Corinthian artists gained confidence in their rendering of the human

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After the pot was made, the potter painted it with an ultra fine grained clay slip; the paint was applied on the areas intended to become black after firing, according to the two different styles, i.e. the black figure and the red figure. For the decoration the vase painters used brushes of different

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In the same room is kept a small lekythos with a plastic decoration, depicting a winged dancer. The figure wears a Persian head cover and an oriental dress, indicating that already in that period oriental dancers, possibly slaves, had become quite fashionable. The figure is also covered with a white

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Several clay vases owed their inspiration to metalwork forms in bronze, silver and sometimes gold. These were increasingly used by the elite when dining, but were not placed in graves, where they would have been robbed, and were often treated as a store of value to be traded as bullion when needed.

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are often a matter of convention rather than historical fact. A few do illustrate their own use or are labeled with their original names, while others are the result of early archaeologists' attempt to reconcile the physical object with a known name from Greek literature—not always successfully. To

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Inscriptions on Greek pottery are of two kinds; the incised (the earliest of which are contemporary with the beginnings of the Greek alphabet in the 8th century BC), and the painted, which only begin to appear a century later. Both forms are relatively common on painted vases until the Hellenistic

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The ceramics of Corinth were exported all over Greece, and their technique arrived in Athens, prompting the development of a less markedly Eastern idiom there. During this time described as Proto-Attic, the orientalizing motifs appear but the features remain not very realistic. The painters show a

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While the description of a single firing with three stages may seem economical and efficient, some scholars claim that it is equally possible that each of these stages was confined to separate firings in which the pottery is subjected to multiple firings, of different atmosphere. In any case, the

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A series of analytical studies have shown that the striking black gloss with a metallic sheen, so characteristic of Greek pottery, emerged from the colloidal fraction of an illitic clay with very low calcium oxide content. This clay slip was rich in iron oxides and hydroxides, differentiating from

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mould-made pieces (so-called "plastic" pieces) are also found and decorative elements either hand-formed or by mould were added to thrown pots. More complex pieces were made in parts then assembled when it was leather hard by means of joining with a slip, where the potter returned to the wheel for

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In recent decades many scholars have questioned the conventional relationship between the two materials, seeing much more production of painted vases than was formerly thought as made to be placed in graves, as a cheaper substitute for metalware in both Greece and Etruria. The painting itself may

1229:, called "dipylon shield" because of its characteristic drawing, covers the central part of the body. The legs and the necks of the horses, the wheels of the chariots are represented one beside the other without perspective. The hand of this painter, so called in the absence of signature, is the 1177:

With the early geometrical style (approximately 900–850 BC) one finds only abstract motifs, in what is called the "Black Dipylon" style, which is characterized by extensive use of black varnish, with the Middle Geometrical (approx. 850–770 BC), figurative decoration makes its appearance: they are

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of the Pinakothek, Munich, that set the standard for the scientific description of Greek pottery, recording the shapes and inscriptions with a previously unseen fastidiousness. Jahn's study was the standard textbook on the history and chronology of Greek pottery for many years, yet in common with

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For an extended review on the studies of Attic black slip and research published by several authors see R.E. Jones 1985, Tite M.S., M. Bimson and I. Freestone, "An examination of the high Gloss Surface Finishes on Greek Attic and roman Samian Ware", Archaeometry 24.2(1982):117-26, Maniatis, Y.,

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After many centuries dominated by styles of geometric decoration, becoming increasingly complex, figurative elements returned in force in the 8th century. From the late 7th century to about 300 BC evolving styles of figure-led painting were at their peak of production and quality and were

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but through the use of paints and gilding on a surface of white clay. It allowed for a higher level of polychromy than the other techniques, although the vases end up less visually striking. The technique gained great importance during the 5th and 4th centuries, especially in the form of small

1762:'s control of the city, and had been in slow decline over the 4th century along with the political fortunes of Athens itself. However, vase production continued in the 4th and 3rd centuries in the Greek colonies of southern Italy where five regional styles may be distinguished. These are the 1616:

signal that they were something approaching a self-conscious movement, though they left behind no testament other than their own work. John Boardman said of the research on their work that "the reconstruction of their careers, common purpose, even rivalries, can be taken as an archaeological

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dominated down to the end of the 4th century BC. An idea of the extent of this trade can be gleaned from plotting the find maps of these vases outside of Greece, though this could not account for gifts or immigration. Only the existence of a second hand market could account for the number of

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The innovation of the red-figure technique was an Athenian invention of the late 6th century. It was quite the opposite of black-figure which had a red background. The ability to render detail by direct painting rather than incision offered new expressive possibilities to artists such as

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periods: meanders, triangles and other geometrical decoration (hence the name of the style) as distinct from the predominantly circular figures of the previous style. However, our chronology for this new art form comes from exported wares found in datable contexts overseas.

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initially identical bands of animals such as horses, stags, goats, geese, etc. which alternate with the geometrical bands. In parallel, the decoration becomes complicated and becomes increasingly ornate; the painter feels reluctant to leave empty spaces and fills them with

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Where the 19th century was a period of Greek discovery and the laying out of first principles, the 20th century has been one of consolidation and intellectual industry. Efforts to record and publish the totality of public collections of vases began with the creation of the

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involving alternating oxidizing –reducing conditions. First, the kiln was heated to around 920–950 °C, with all vents open bringing oxygen into the firing chamber and turning both pot and slip a reddish-brown (oxidising conditions) due to the formation of

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Artal-Isbrand, Paula, and Philip Klausmeyer. "Evaluation of the relief line and the contour line on Greek red-figure vases using reflectance transformation imaging and three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy." Studies in Conservation 58.4 (2013):

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contained the oil used as funerary offerings and appear to have been made solely with that object in mind. Many examples have a concealed second cup inside them to give the impression of being full of oil, as such they would have served no other useful gain.

80:. The shards of pots discarded or buried in the 1st millennium BC are still the best guide available to understand the customary life and mind of the ancient Greeks. There were several vessels produced locally for everyday and kitchen use, yet finer 1069:. Production of vases was largely the prerogative of Athens – it is well attested that in Corinth, Boeotia, Argos, Crete and Cyclades, the painters and potters were satisfied to follow the Attic style. By the end of the Archaic period the styles of 644:

When clay is first dug out of the ground it is full of rocks and shells and other useless items that need to be removed. To do this the potter mixes the clay with water and lets all the impurities sink to the bottom. This is called levigation or

1802:, both active in the late 4th century, whose crowded polychromatic scenes often essay a complexity of emotion not attempted by earlier painters. Their work represents a late mannerist phase to the achievement of Greek vase painting. 1489:

to 480 BC. The technique of incising silhouetted figures with enlivening detail which we now call the black-figure method was a Corinthian invention of the 7th century and spread from there to other city states and regions including

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Greek pottery, unlike today's pottery, was only fired once, using a very sophisticated process. The black color effect was achieved by means of changing the amount of oxygen present during firing. This was done in a process known as

132:, as were later terracotta figurines. Some were highly decorative and meant for elite consumption and domestic beautification as much as serving a storage or other function, such as the krater with its usual use in diluting wine. 906:

The most familiar aspect of ancient Greek pottery is painted vessels of fine quality. These were not the everyday pottery used by most people but were sufficiently cheap to be accessible to a wide range of the population.

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Aloupi-Siotis, Ε., 2008. Recovery and Revival of Attic Vase-Decoration Techniques. Special Techniques. In: Lapatin, K. (Ed.), Papers on Special Techniques in Athenian Vases. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, pp.

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is one of our most important sources of ceramics from this period where a cache of grave goods has been found giving evidence of a distinctive Euboian protogeometric style which lasted into the early 8th century.

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Black-figure is the most commonly imagined when one thinks about Greek pottery. It was a popular style in ancient Greece for many years. The black-figure period coincides approximately with the era designated by

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The white-ground technique was developed at the end of the 6th century BC. Unlike the better-known black-figure and red-figure techniques, its coloration was not achieved through the application and firing of

1405:, and especially the islands of the Cyclades, are characterized by their attraction to the vases known as "plastic", i.e. those whose paunch or collar is moulded in the shape of head of an animal or a man. At 563:

The few ways that clay pottery can be damaged is by being broken, being abraded or by coming in contact with fire. The process of making a pot and firing it is fairly simple. The first thing a potter needs is

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Beazley and others following him have also studied fragments of Greek pottery in institutional collections, and have attributed many painted pieces to individual artists. Scholars have called these fragments

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Walton, M.; Trentelman, K.; Cummings, M.; Poretti, G.; Maish, J.; Saunders, D.; Foran, B.; Brodie, M.; Mehta, A. (2013). "Material Evidence for Multiple Firings of Ancient Athenian Red-Figure Pottery".

1256:. Here however the interpretation constitutes a risk for the modern observer: a confrontation between two warriors can be a Homeric duel or simple combat; a failed boat can represent the shipwreck of 2105:

depicted. At times we may find a snatch of dialogue to accompany a scene, as in 'Dysniketos's horse has won', announces a herald on a Panathenaic amphora (BM, B 144). More puzzling, however, are the

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inscriptions, which might have formed part of courtship ritual in Athenian high society, yet are found on a wide variety of vases not necessarily associated with a social setting. Finally there are

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to 480 BC) brought an increasing naturalism to the style as seen in the gradual change of the profile eye. This phase also sees the specialization of painters into pot and cup painters, with the

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Lastly, are the local schools that appear in Greece. Production of vases was largely the prerogative of Athens – it is well attested that as in the proto-geometrical period, in Corinth, Boeotia,

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Walton, M.; Trentelman, K.; Cianchetta, I.; Maish, J.; Saunders, D.; Foran, B.; Mehta, A. (2014). "Zn in Athenian Black Gloss Ceramic Slips: A Trace Element Marker for Fabrication Technology".

1225:; transport of the coffin to the cemetery). The bodies are represented in a geometrical way except for the calves, which are rather protuberant. In the case of soldiers, a shield in form of a 585: 1948: 1413:, exhibit little knowledge of Corinthian developments. They present a marked taste for the epic composition and a horror vacui, which is expressed in an abundance of swastikas and meanders. 516:. Not all of their uses are known, but where there is uncertainty scholars make good proximate guesses of what use a piece would have served. Some have a purely ritual function, for example 1608:, whose figural work was exclusively in red-figure, though they retained the use of black-figure for some early floral ornamentation. The shared values and goals of The Pioneers such as 3713: 2206: 1720:

hold to the archaic features of stiff drapery and awkward poses and combine that with exaggerated gestures. By contrast, the school of the Berlin Painter in the form of the

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and his peers (who may have been the Berlin Painter's pupils) favoured a naturalistic pose usually of a single figure against a solid black background or of restrained

1279:. From about the 8th century BC on, they created their own styles, Argos specializing in the figurative scenes, Crete remaining attached to a more strict abstraction. 1077:, from the early 5th to late 4th centuries BC. Corinth was eclipsed by Athenian trends since Athens was the progenitor of both the red-figure and white ground styles. 339:

1846. It was Gerhard who first outlined the chronology we now use, namely: Orientalizing (Geometric, Archaic), Black Figure, Red Figure, Polychromatic (Hellenistic).

1604:; the latter was developed at the same time as red-figure. However, within twenty years, experimentation had given way to specialization as seen in the vases of the 4228: 801: 2042:. Inscriptions on the left: (ΕΕΝΕΜΕΚΝΕRINE (meaning unclear), HERMOΓΕΝΕS KALOS ("Hermogenes kalos" – "Hermogenes is beautiful"). Inscriptions on the right: HEOS (" 1563:. Red-figure quickly eclipsed black-figure, yet in the unique form of the Panathanaic Amphora, black-figure continued to be utilised well into the 4th century BC. 1918:

colours (pink/reddish, blue, green, gold) and an emphasis on female mythological figures. Theatre and performing constituted yet one more source of inspiration.

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Thanks to the ability of scholars to compare Greek finds with Italian ones following the Greek War of Independence, however the textual analysis in g. Kramer,

1932:. The base is round, cylindrical, and its handle vertical, with bands, covered with black colour. The female figure (Aphrodite) is depicted seated, wearing an 3734: 400:(Latin for "scattered parts") and in a number of instances have been able to identify fragments now in different collections that belong to the same vase. 278: 523:. Craters marked the places of males and amphorae marked those of females. This helped them to survive, and is why some will depict funeral processions. 5828: 2609: 312: 239:

in the 1630s. Though modest collections of vases recovered from ancient tombs in Italy were made in the 15th and 16th centuries these were regarded as

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The interest in Greek art lagged behind the revival of classical scholarship during the Renaissance and was revived in the academic circle surrounding

3419: 218: 1528:), this perhaps indicative of their increasing ambition as artists in producing the monumental work demanded as grave markers, as for example with 2349:

Aaron J. Paul, Fragments of Antiquity: Drawing Upon Greek Vases, Harvard University Art Museums Bulletin, Vol. V, No. 2 (Spring 1997), pp.. 4, 10.

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and his students in the 1880s and 90s to date the strata of his archaeological digs by the nature of the pottery found within them, a method of

1170: 2820:, 1952. The picture is further complicated with the presence of a lingering sub-Mycenaean style in some Greek centres during this period, see 2585: 1975:, saw the virtual disappearance of black and red-figure pottery yet also the emergence of new styles such as West Slope Ware in the east, the 421:

understand the relationship between form and function, Greek pottery may be divided into four broad categories, given here with common types:

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Gerhard he dated the introduction of the red figure technique to a century later than was in fact the case. This error was corrected when the

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Papadopoulos, John K.; Vedder, James F.; Schreiber, Toby (1998). "Drawing Circles: Experimental Archaeology and the Pivoted Multiple Brush".

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Chaviara, A.; Aloupi-Siotis, E. (2016). "The story of a soil that became a glaze: Chemical and microscopic fingerprints on the Attic vases".

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were another important type of pottery, initially mostly religious, but increasingly representing purely decorative subjects. The so-called

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sculptures both in theme (e.g., Polygnotos's centauromachy, Brussels, Musées Royaux A. & Hist., A 134) and in feeling for composition.

1620: 815: 1343:. The new idiom developed initially in Corinth (as Proto-Corinthian) and later in Athens between 725 BC and 625 BC (as Proto-Attic). 1193:

In the middle of the century there begin to appear human figures, the best known representations of which are those of the vases found in

2556: 2315:, 1754-8, however Winckelmann had access to greater resources including the first plates of the Hamilton collection. See D. von Bothmer, 4221: 4021: 3587: 1316:, the artifacts of the East influenced a highly stylized yet recognizable representational art. Ivories, pottery and metalwork from the 742:) in both the paint and the clay body. Then the vent was closed and green wood introduced, creating carbon monoxide which turns the red 548: 97: 2640:

For a detailed presentation of the painting process see Penthesilea bowl | Greek vase painting in practice | The red figure technique,

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from about 320 BC, weighing 40 kilograms, and finely decorated with a 32-centimetre-tall frieze of figures in relief representing

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Geometric art flourished in the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was characterized by new motifs, breaking with the representation of the

5226: 5201: 3796: 2891: 316: 3411:, a collection catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art containing information on the pottery of ancient Greece (pages 315–322) 7035: 5784: 5211: 5206: 2241:"The Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum ('Corpus of Ancient Vases') is the oldest research project of the Union Académique Internationale" 2216: 1960: 1038:, where the previous stick-figures of the geometric pottery become fleshed out amid motifs that replaced the geometric patterns. 352: 1751:

is reflected in contemporary vase painting with an ever-greater attention to incidental detail, such as hair and jewellery. The

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John H. Oakley (2012). "Greek Art and Architecture, Classical: Classical Greek Pottery," in Neil Asher Silberman et al. (eds),

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John H. Oakley (2012). "Greek Art and Architecture, Classical: Classical Greek Pottery," in Neil Asher Silberman et al. (eds),

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John H. Oakley (2012). "Greek Art and Architecture, Classical: Classical Greek Pottery," in Neil Asher Silberman et al. (eds),

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John H. Oakley (2012). "Greek Art and Architecture, Classical: Classical Greek Pottery," in Neil Asher Silberman et al. (eds),

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vase painting. Attic production was the first to resume after the Greek Dark Age and influenced the rest of Greece, especially

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in her right hand, her left is swinging a leopard through the air, and a snake is winding through the diadem in her hair –

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BC), a number of distinct schools had evolved. The Mannerists associated with the workshop of Myson and exemplified by the

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Much of the early study of Greek vases took the form of production of albums of the images they depict, however neither

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A number of sub-classes of inscription can be distinguished. Potters and painters occasionally signed their works with

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period when the practice of inscribing pots seems to die out. They are by far most frequently found on Attic pottery.

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came to dominate the export trade in the Western Mediterranean as Athens declined in political importance during the

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The first generation of red-figure painters worked in both red- and black-figure as well as other methods including

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At Athens researchers have found the earliest known examples of vase painters signing their work, the first being a

6746: 6619: 5752: 5747: 5723: 5633: 5150: 4248: 3760: 2916: 2522: 2127: 1475: 513: 260: 2527: 1782:. Red-figure work flourished there with the distinctive addition of polychromatic painting and in the case of the 7104: 7047: 6003: 5806: 5713: 5648: 5117: 4968: 4863: 4337: 4271: 4175: 3991: 3718: 3453: 3424: 3201: 2245: 1729: 1409:, the most popular form of the plastic vase is the head of the griffin. The Melanesian amphoras, manufactured at 73: 1816: 1110:

BC) represent the return of craft production after the collapse of the Mycenaean Palace culture and the ensuing

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and Eastern Mediterranean of the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Fostered by trade links with the city-states of

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S. Bleecker-Luce, A Brief History of the Study of Greek Vase Painting, American Philosophical Society 1918

2008: 1996: 1811: 1601: 1136: 1115: 893: 524: 199: 1630:—used for drinking wine—is shaped like a donkey's head on one side of its body and a ram's on the other. 1547:

Circa 520 BC the red-figure technique was developed and was gradually introduced in the form of the

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The relationship between the iconography of grave markers and social change is essayed in James Whitley

2048: 2000: 1992: 1748: 1669: 544: 160: 93: 2134:, in fact made elsewhere as well, are one of the most important types. Earlier figurines were usually 6566: 6560: 6546: 6030: 5988: 5960: 5845: 5658: 4888: 4684: 4180: 4001: 3933: 3917: 3907: 3856: 3567: 3446: 2250: 2221: 1449: 1288: 1070: 1031: 602: 466: 364: 191: 183: 123: 1987:

to the west. Outside of mainland Greece other regional Greek traditions developed, such as those in

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The terminus ante quem of the late Corinthian black-figure style was established by M. T. Campbell

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1837 and Otto Jahn's catalogue of the Vulci finds contributed to the changing consensus. See Cook,

1972: 1759: 1706: 1665: 1150: 1091: 630: 7090: 2147:

Very few metal vessels have survived as at some point they were melted down and the metal reused.

1030:, beginning in the 8th century BC and lasting until the late 5th century BC, saw the birth of the 6914: 6811: 6717: 6361: 6278: 6166: 5668: 5492: 5008: 4988: 4845: 4716: 4600: 4395: 4322: 3943: 3874: 3826: 3765: 3673: 3582: 2965: 2864: 2856: 2813: 2499: 2028: 1878: 1799: 1638: 1572: 1396: 1187: 1100: 1086: 1035: 1000: 918:

partly through ancient Greek vase-painting, which survives in large quantities and is also, with

897: 726: 552: 207: 195: 164: 3864: 3206: 1597: 1454: 1236:

At the end of the period there appear representations of mythology, probably at the moment when

290: 3414: 2544: 2368: 1888: 703: 598: 6989: 6576: 6125: 5973: 5925: 5769: 5738: 5683: 5600: 5477: 5349: 5170: 5003: 4956: 4896: 4770: 4752: 4728: 4710: 4620: 4615: 4266: 4190: 4160: 3841: 3728: 3572: 3516: 3172: 3103: 2920: 2887: 2796: 2603: 2461: 2400: 2282: 2194: 2107: 1552: 1548: 1420:, allotted traditionally to Rhodes because of an important discovery within the necropolis of 976: 915: 911: 876: 779: 666: 649:. This process can be done many times. The more times this is done, the smoother clay becomes. 360: 244: 148: 3389:

An Archaeology of Representations: Ancient Greek Vase-Painting and Contemporary Methodologies

683:

thickness, pinpoint tools for incisions and probably single-hair tools for the relief lines.

6919: 6451: 6416: 6233: 6090: 5968: 5855: 5850: 5175: 5130: 4961: 4868: 4484: 4317: 4302: 4292: 3755: 2848: 2752: 2712: 2685: 2491: 2299: 2211: 2131: 1882: 1870: 1733: 1721: 1679: 1533: 1392: 1388: 1352: 1346: 1154: 1141: 1074: 508:

As well as these utilitarian functions, certain vase shapes were especially associated with

187: 6959: 1940:

colour. The total height of the vase is 18 centimeters and it dates to the 4th century BC.

1577: 789: 652: 6934: 6692: 6480: 6293: 6035: 5901: 5833: 5160: 4758: 4740: 4648: 4625: 4499: 4410: 4370: 4307: 4011: 4006: 3846: 3745: 3723: 3615: 3592: 2730: 2373: 2135: 1968: 1953: 1859: 1752: 1417: 1166: 1111: 1004: 889: 763: 396: 371: 232: 203: 2824:

The Last Mycenaeans and their Successors: An Archaeological Survey, c. 1200 – c. 1000 B.C

1869:

that became typical grave offerings. Important representatives include its inventor, the

1593:

three-quarter profiles, greater anatomical detail and the representation of perspective.

1169:, mid-8th century BC, with human figures for scale. The vase was used as a grave marker. 68:, due to its relative durability, comprises a large part of the archaeological record of 686: 408: 363:

invaders in 480 BC. With a more soundly established chronology it was possible for

6816: 6756: 6751: 6707: 6488: 6436: 6426: 6406: 6396: 6140: 6135: 6130: 5615: 5595: 4983: 4793: 4782: 4776: 4764: 4564: 4539: 4451: 4312: 4237: 4080: 3493: 2155: 2089: 2024: 2019: 1976: 1825: 1795: 1737: 1691: 1661: 1541: 1230: 1027: 1008: 996: 972: 872: 866: 442: 383: 320: 274: 179: 156: 136: 128: 69: 269:

of 1764 first refuted the Etruscan origin of what we now know to be Greek pottery yet

135:

Earlier Greek styles of pottery, called "Aegean" rather than "Ancient Greek", include

7119: 7052: 6969: 6944: 6634: 6556: 6238: 6181: 6080: 6070: 6040: 6022: 5896: 5048: 4830: 4722: 4678: 4640: 4479: 4400: 4102: 4062: 3912: 3506: 2868: 1988: 1984: 1687: 1605: 1264: 1179: 1132: 1020: 294: 175: 77: 3429: 534:

There was an international market for Greek pottery since the 8th century BC, which

6869: 6821: 6687: 6541: 6411: 6050: 5886: 5392: 5354: 5053: 4155: 4120: 4057: 3534: 3501: 2552: 2548: 2159: 2119:

and nonsense inscriptions, though these are largely confined to black-figure pots.

1683: 1506: 1459: 1058: 1003:, predominantly using circular and wavy decorative patterns. This was succeeded in 999:, spanning the 11th to 8th centuries BC, the prevalent early style was that of the 845: 606: 486: 387: 356: 240: 140: 72:, and since there is so much of it (over 100,000 painted vases are recorded in the 61:, Athens. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, N.Y. (Accession Number: 14.130.14). 1747:

Toward the end of the century, the "Rich" style of Attic sculpture as seen in the

690:

Black Figure style: incision of the paint slip layer before firing with a pin tool

3166: 2716: 6889: 6781: 6761: 6594: 6589: 6097: 6075: 6065: 6060: 5983: 5940: 5487: 5397: 5387: 5274: 5264: 5028: 4405: 4380: 3882: 3645: 3542: 3483: 2812:

The diffusion of protogeometric pottery is a complex subject best summarized by

2116: 1836: 1791: 1787: 1717: 1317: 1313: 1276: 646: 355:

undertook the excavation of the Acropolis in 1885 and discovered the so-called "

248: 144: 29: 2432: 922:, the best guide we have to the customary life and mind of the ancient Greeks. 76:), it has exerted a disproportionately large influence on our understanding of 6826: 6796: 6791: 6776: 6662: 6629: 6298: 6268: 5935: 5663: 5497: 5339: 5334: 5324: 5309: 5294: 5284: 5259: 4635: 4390: 4345: 4185: 3781: 3630: 3625: 2770: 2641: 2517: 2186: 1613: 1609: 1425: 1309: 1194: 1066: 980: 942:

Bowl, Greek Prehistory Gallery, National Museum of Archaeology, Athens, Greece

862: 501: 152: 412:

Diagram of the parts of a typical Athenian vase, in this case a volute krater

6801: 6727: 6712: 6682: 6677: 6609: 6533: 6518: 6503: 6446: 6346: 5998: 5930: 5502: 5482: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5407: 5402: 5372: 5319: 5279: 5058: 4924: 4878: 4858: 4665: 4489: 4360: 4195: 3750: 3740: 3650: 3620: 3438: 2190: 1925: 1894: 1783: 1775: 1741: 1642: 1437: 1325: 1233:, could be identified on several pieces, in particular monumental amphorae. 1190:(fear of the empty) and will not cease until the end of geometrical period. 1161: 952: 747: 674:

the final shaping or turning. Sometimes, a young man helped turn the wheel.

497: 470: 450: 343: 255:; however the connection between them and the examples excavated in central 108: 3102:, Second Edition, 641–644. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. 3076:

However, the earliest red-figure vase was not a bilingual, see Beth Cohen,

2795:, Second Edition, 641–644. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. 2460:, Second Edition, 641–644. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. 2281:, Second Edition, 641–644. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. 2240: 277:, were still published as "Etruscan vases"; it would take until 1837 with 3230:. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 25 January 2018, doi: 10.1111/ojoa.12134. 3119:

Henry R. Immerwahr 2008, "Aspects of Literacy in the Athenian Ceramicus".

2954:

Greek Geometric Pottery: A Survey of Ten Local Styles and Their Chronology

2077:

Signature (written retrograde) SOΦΙLOS MEΓΡΑΦSEN ("Sophilos megraphsen" –

17: 6851: 6841: 6831: 6806: 6672: 6604: 6584: 6551: 6513: 6456: 6371: 6356: 6213: 6203: 6120: 6115: 5512: 5507: 5467: 5462: 5437: 5417: 5344: 5299: 5289: 5145: 5043: 4978: 4906: 4514: 3655: 3577: 2623: 2302:

made an offer of 3 vases as an addition to an implied existing collection

2167: 1933: 1924:

has some particularly good examples of this style, including a vase with

1865: 1767: 1529: 1518: 1421: 1329: 1272: 1257: 1183: 1119: 1054: 1012: 743: 731: 619:

Exekias, Attic black figure amphora with Ajax and Achilles playing a game

527: 493: 482: 298: 111: 934:

Greek Prehistory Gallery, National Museum of Archaeology, Athens, Greece

6994: 6984: 6939: 6929: 6924: 6909: 6899: 6884: 6879: 6766: 6654: 6644: 6523: 6498: 6493: 6466: 6461: 6441: 6431: 6421: 6386: 6376: 6366: 6318: 6308: 6283: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6218: 5871: 5653: 5314: 5304: 5063: 5033: 5023: 5018: 4998: 4993: 4873: 4820: 4734: 4529: 4519: 4509: 4504: 4494: 3683: 3228:

Rethinking Standardization: the Social Meanings of Mycenaean Metal Cups

2756: 2689: 2503: 2479: 2171: 1830: 1779: 1537: 1495: 1429: 1376: 1340: 1336: 1252: 1226: 1062: 1050: 1046: 849: 539: 478: 426: 115: 81: 65: 53: 35: 3089:

J. Boardman: Athenian Red Figure Vases: The Archaic Period, 1975, p29.

2860: 6964: 6894: 6874: 6836: 6702: 6508: 6401: 6338: 6328: 6273: 5891: 5876: 5472: 5457: 5432: 5427: 5412: 5073: 5068: 4835: 4815: 4559: 4549: 4544: 4415: 4375: 4365: 4350: 3693: 3688: 3635: 2179: 2163: 2062: 2054: 1980: 1847: 1821: 1771: 1763: 1626: 1499: 1491: 1416:

Finally one can identify the last major style of the period, that of

1406: 1372: 1357: 1339:, yet there was little contact with the cultural centers of Egypt or 1332: 1220: 1208: 1198: 1042: 960: 956: 670: 535: 509: 474: 455: 438: 434: 430: 252: 119: 96:. There were a multitude of specific regional varieties, such as the 85: 3396:

Epigraphy of Art: Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions and Vase-Paintings

2495: 1758:

Vase production in Athens stopped around 330–320 BC possibly due to

2852: 2334:

Uber den Styl und die Herunft der bemalten griechischen Thongefasse

1308:

The orientalizing style was the product of cultural ferment in the

6974: 6949: 6846: 6786: 6771: 6639: 6599: 6351: 6263: 6258: 6228: 6223: 6198: 5881: 5422: 5377: 5329: 4901: 4853: 4554: 4524: 4471: 4446: 4385: 4355: 2661: 2659: 2175: 2072: 2039: 2018: 1947: 1899: 1887: 1874: 1842: 1815: 1794:. Several noteworthy artists' work comes down to us including the 1678: 1619: 1576: 1560: 1556: 1514: 1453: 1433: 1410: 1402: 1345: 1321: 1292: 1268: 1246: 1237: 1160: 1140: 1090: 1016: 937: 929: 914:

have survived so modern scholars have to trace the development of

709: 702: 685: 651: 459: 289: 256: 217: 42: 4206: 1544:, who are noted for their feeling for composition and narrative. 178:

in Greek pottery was contiguous with the late Dark Age and early

6979: 6954: 6904: 6391: 6381: 1929: 1536:. Many scholars consider the finest work in the style to belong 1380: 1241: 565: 236: 51:, mid-8th century BC, from the late Geometric period, depicting 7019: 6161: 5590: 5094: 4441: 4261: 4210: 3785: 3442: 3052:

Necrocorinthia: A Study of Corinthian Art in the Archaic Period

2952:

Diffusion of the style is detailed in John Nicolas Coldstream,

2151:

also copy that on metal vessels more closely than was thought.

2043: 1214: 1202: 3284:

Early Greek Vase Painting: 11th–6th Centuries BC: A Handbook

2313:

In regii herculanensis musaei tabulas hercleenes commentarii

1740:, as their work indicates something of the influence of the 492:

vases for oils, perfumes and cosmetics, including the large

3277:

Athenian Red Figure Vases: The Classical Period: A Handbook

707:

A potter's workshop. Side B from a Corinthian black-figure

631:

Mixing Vessel with Odysseus Escaping from the Cyclops' Cave

1371:

It was characterized by an expanded vocabulary of motifs:

971:

More elaborate painting on Greek pottery goes back to the

3270:

Athenian Red Figure Vases: The Archaic Period: A Handbook

3013:

Boiotian Black Figure Vase Painting of the Archaic Period

2939:, 1991. See also Gudrun Ahlberg, Gudrun Ahlberg-Cornell, 568:. Attica's high-iron clay gave its pots an orange color. 273:'s two collections, one lost at sea the other now in the 3340:

The Cambridge History of Painting In the Classical World

3298:

The Colors of Clay: Special Techniques In Athenian Vases

2377:. Oxford: Classical Art Research Centre. 22 October 2012 1275:, the painters and potters were satisfied to follow the 2731:

http://www.atticvases.gr/attika-aggeia/1280x720_web.swf

665:

The clay is then kneaded by the potter and placed on a

3361:

Red Figure Vases of South Italy and Sicily: A Handbook

2996:

Lakonische Vasenmaler des sechsten Jahrhunderts v.chr.

2311:

Though the first conjecture belongs to A.S Mazochius,

3100:

The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Vol 1: Ache-Hoho

2793:

The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Vol 1: Ache-Hoho

2458:

The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Vol 1: Ache-Hoho

2279:

The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Vol 1: Ache-Hoho

2207:

Conservation and restoration of ancient Greek pottery

3319:

Greek Vase-Painting and the Origins of Visual Humour

1755:

is usually most closely identified with this style.

6860: 6737: 6726: 6653: 6575: 6532: 6479: 6337: 6189: 6180: 6106: 6021: 5959: 5914: 5864: 5815: 5737: 5614: 5552: 5521: 5363: 5250: 5194: 5116: 4942: 4915: 4887: 4844: 4792: 4634: 4573: 4470: 4336: 4285: 4168: 4149: 4133: 4111: 4093: 4071: 4048: 4020: 3977: 3926: 3895: 3873: 3855: 3819: 3706: 3664: 3606: 3555: 3533: 3515: 3492: 3476: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 1041:The classical ceramic decor is dominated mostly by 578: 2273: 2271: 2197:rivalled metalwork in quality and probably price. 1991:with the various styles in South Italy, including 374:was later to apply to unpainted Egyptian pottery. 107:were used. Not all were purely utilitarian; large 3391:. Athens: Institut du Livre, A. Kardamitsa, 2009. 3244:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951. 329:(1840 to 1858), the establishment of the journal 3028:, Annu. Brit. Sch. Athens, xlvii, 1952, pp. 1–48 1023:, which employed neat rows of geometric shapes. 3382:Die Antike Glanztonkeramik: Praktische Versuche 3140:(Ashmolean Handbooks) by Michael Vickers (1991) 88:was imported by other civilizations throughout 3420:Journey through art history: Ancient Greek Art 3356:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 3349:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 3293:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 3065:Corinthian Vase-painting of the Archaic Period 1505:The Corinthian fabric, extensively studied by 4222: 3797: 3454: 3377:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987. 3342:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 3321:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 2983:A Well of the Black-figured Period at Corinth 2142:Relationship to metalwork and other materials 2057:"), KALIAΔES EΠOIESEN ("Kaliades epoiesen" – 1328:found their way to Greece, as did goods from 656:Pottery being made on a wheel, by Dolon Prova 425:storage and transport vessels, including the 167:, which begins Ancient Greek pottery proper. 155:, followed by the cultural disruption of the 8: 3347:The Art of Vase-Painting In Classical Athens 3000:Laconian Iconography of the Sixth Century BC 2941:Prothesis and Ekphora in Greek Geometric Art 330: 324: 282: 264: 2771:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ILGcewvm0k 2642:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBB6qArnVDw 1725: 222: 57:, the act of carrying a body to its grave. 7016: 6734: 6186: 6177: 6158: 5918: 5821: 5611: 5587: 5104: 5091: 4798: 4467: 4438: 4282: 4258: 4229: 4215: 4207: 4045: 3974: 3852: 3804: 3790: 3782: 3661: 3489: 3461: 3447: 3439: 3335:. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2013. 3300:. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2006. 3265:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. 2705:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 139:, very sophisticated by its final stages, 2539: 2537: 2321:Paper on the Amasis Painter and his World 1356:with registers of lions, bulls, ibex and 3258:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971. 3251:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956. 3237:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1942. 2046:"), ΔΟRIS EΓRAΦSEN ("Doris Egraphsen" – 1424:. In fact, it is widespread over all of 454:or male drinking parties, including the 407: 28: 3326:The Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery 3149: 2745:Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2678:Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2484:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 2433:"1. Grave Markers of the Ancient Elite" 2232: 1213:; exposure and lamentation of dead) or 852:, Achilles and Ajax engaged in a game, 3384:. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 1978. 3333:The Greek Vase: Art of the Storyteller 3314:. Sparks, NV: Falcon Hill Press, 1995. 2608:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2601: 2053:). Inscription on the right: MEMNON (" 1705:By the early to high classical era of 1581:Reveller and courtesan by Euphronios, 1145:Boeotian Geometric Hydria lamp, Louvre 575: 206:were characteristic of the subsequent 186:. The pottery produced in Archaic and 126:seem to have been looked on partly as 3430:The evolution of Greek vase painting. 3242:The Development of Attic Black-Figure 1892:Janus-faced Attic red-figure plastic 1736:can be included in the school of the 1502:, the east Greek islands and Athens. 287:to conclusively end the controversy. 227:(a fragment of ancient Greek pottery) 210:, which saw vase painting's decline. 7: 6630:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus 3409:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide 3363:. London: Thames & Hudson, 1989. 2985:, Hesperia, vii (1938), pp. 557–611. 2937:Style and Society in Dark Age Greece 2886:. New York: Routledge. p. 102. 2559:from the original on January 3, 2014 2437:Art 230: Ancient Art Digital Exhibit 865:scene of women playing music by the 3291:Music and Image In Classical Athens 2729:ATTIC VASES : precious earth. 1668:notable in the former category and 1118:and multiple brushes. The site of 326:Auserlesene Griechische Vasenbilder 266:Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums 194:, yet other styles emerged such as 98:South Italian ancient Greek pottery 3307:. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2003. 3286:. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998. 3279:. London: Thames and Hudson, 1989. 3272:. London: Thames and Hudson, 1975. 2769:The lost art of black glaze ware. 359:" of red figure pots destroyed by 25: 3370:. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 1999. 3328:. New York: Watson-Guptill, 1965. 3312:A Handbook of Greek Vase Painting 2298:A letter of 1491 to Lorenzo from 1971:, ushered in by the conquests of 1686:depicting an athlete running the 1019:by the style of pottery known as 105:various types and shapes of vases 7099: 7089: 7080: 7079: 3415:Beazley Archive of Greek pottery 3310:Herford, Mary Antonie Beatrice. 3249:Attic Black-Figure Vase Painters 2630:from the original on 2016-10-21. 2530:from the original on 2016-10-22. 2431:Scott, Natalie (30 March 2016). 2217:Kerameikos Archaeological Museum 1961:Kerameikos Archaeological Museum 1428:, with centers of production at 826: 814: 800: 788: 625: 613: 593: 584: 512:, others with athletics and the 465:jugs and cups, several types of 353:Archaeological Society of Athens 7100: 3433:Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology 2900:Excavations at Lefkandi, Euboea 2840:American Journal of Archaeology 2591:from the original on 2016-10-19 2255:Union Académique Internationale 951:Greek pottery goes back to the 926:Development of pottery painting 259:was not made until much later. 3235:Attic Red-Figure Vase Painters 3168:Greek Pottery: An Introduction 2882:Snodgrass, Anthony M. (2001). 2478:Von Bothmer, Dietrich (1962). 2023:The so-called "Memnon pieta", 1171:National Archaeological Museum 519:Some vessels were designed as 59:National Archaeological Museum 1: 4701: 4688: 4669: 4652: 3398:. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2016. 2082: 2032: 1903: 1710: 1695: 1654: 1631: 1582: 1522: 1483: 1463: 1361: 1298: 1104: 880: 853: 714: 302: 122:served as tomb offerings and 5829:Funeral and burial practices 5014:Military of Mycenaean Greece 3305:Geometric Greece: 900–700 BC 3212:Resources in other libraries 2717:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.08.016 2397:An Introduction To Greek Art 1922:Delphi Archaeological Museum 1852:Staatliche Antikensammlungen 1649:The next generation of late 1221: 1209: 297:"Black Basalt" Ware vase by 182:, which saw the rise of the 114:were used as grave markers, 4143:List of Greek vase painters 3813:Ancient Greek vase painting 3387:Yatromanolakis, Dimitrios. 3263:Athenian Black Figure Vases 1320:principalities of northern 1240:codifies the traditions of 1197:, one of the cemeteries of 776:List of Greek vase painters 448:mixing vessels, mainly for 386:and the Beazley archive of 214:Rediscovery and scholarship 174:saw increasing decoration. 159:. As the culture recovered 7157: 5753:Greek Revival architecture 2998:, 2 vols, 1972. M. Pipili 2917:Cambridge University Press 2913:The Art of Greece and Rome 2898:See also Popham, Sackett, 2523:World History Encyclopedia 2128:Greek terracotta figurines 1809: 1570: 1447: 1297:Proto-Corinthian skyphos, 1286: 1215: 1203: 1130: 1095:Protogeometric amphora, BM 1084: 773: 633:all hosted at Smarthistory 7141:Economy of ancient Greece 7075: 7026: 7015: 6176: 6157: 5921: 5824: 5610: 5586: 5161:Attalid kings of Pergamon 5107: 5103: 5090: 4969:Antigonid Macedonian army 4801: 4466: 4437: 4281: 4257: 4244: 4176:Corpus vasorum antiquorum 3719:Corpus vasorum antiquorum 3470:Pottery of ancient Greece 3207:Resources in your library 3193:Pottery of ancient Greece 3037:R. M. Cook and P. Dupont 2972:, Routledge, 1997, p. 43. 2246:Corpus vasorum antiquorum 955:, such as those found in 624: 612: 592: 583: 380:Corpus vasorum antiquorum 163:finally blended into the 103:Throughout these places, 74:Corpus vasorum antiquorum 2911:Woodford, Susan. (1982) 1913:Relief and plastic vases 920:Ancient Greek literature 3373:Von Bothmer, Dietrich. 3317:Mitchell, Alexandre G. 3165:Sparkes, Brian (1991). 2624:"ancient Greek pottery" 1790:the gilded work of the 1260:or any hapless sailor. 1101:protogeometrical period 469:also just called cups, 332:Archaeologische Zeitung 5195:Artists & scholars 5110:List of ancient Greeks 4747:Second Athenian League 4596:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 4421:Ancient Greek colonies 3226:Aulsebrook, S. (2018) 2884:The Dark Age of Greece 2818:Protogeometric Pottery 2174:and her procession of 2093: 2066: 1964: 1909: 1854: 1812:White ground technique 1806:White ground technique 1702: 1646: 1589: 1478:as the middle to late 1470: 1444:Black-figure technique 1368: 1305: 1186:. This phase is named 1174: 1146: 1137:Boeotian vase painting 1096: 943: 935: 912:ancient Greek painting 721: 691: 657: 543:panathenaics found in 413: 331: 325: 308: 283: 265: 243:. It is possible that 228: 223: 200:white ground technique 62: 40: 7136:Archaeology of Greece 7126:Ancient Greek pottery 6314:Sybaris on the Traeis 5039:Sacred Band of Thebes 4779:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD) 4293:Cycladic civilization 3556:Ancient Greece proper 3368:Ancient Greek Pottery 3331:Oakley, John Howard. 3324:Noble, Joseph Veach. 3289:Bundrick, Sheramy D. 3138:Ancient Greek Pottery 2970:Greek Painted Pottery 2480:"Painted Greek Vases" 2338:Greek Painted Pottery 2189:'s name derives from 2076: 2022: 1951: 1891: 1819: 1726:white-ground lekythoi 1682: 1623: 1580: 1457: 1349: 1296: 1164: 1144: 1094: 1081:Protogeometric styles 1065:colonies in the east 941: 933: 774:Further information: 706: 689: 655: 416:The names we use for 411: 293: 221: 161:Sub-Mycenaean pottery 84:from regions such as 46: 32: 5839:mythological figures 5560:Ancient Greek tribes 4685:Peloponnesian League 4181:East Greek Bird Bowl 3761:Terracotta figurines 3366:Vickers, Michael J. 3026:Pottery from Eretria 2545:"Making Greek Vases" 2251:University of Oxford 2222:Ancient Greek crafts 2162:, is a large bronze 1666:Kleophrades Painters 1567:Red-figure technique 1450:Black-figure pottery 1436:. Two forms prevail 1289:Orientalizing period 1071:black-figure pottery 1032:Orientalizing period 603:J. Paul Getty Museum 323:'s pioneering study 271:Sir William Hamilton 192:black-figure pottery 184:Orientalizing period 165:Protogeometric style 124:Panathenaic Amphorae 5951:Tunnel of Eupalinos 5946:Theatre of Dionysus 5570:Ancient Macedonians 5186:Tyrants of Syracuse 4698:Amphictyonic League 4298:Minoan civilization 3375:Greek Vase Painting 3354:Reading Greek Vases 3345:Robertson, Martin. 2822:Desborough (1964). 2399:, 1986, Duckworth, 2317:Greek vase-painting 1973:Alexander the Great 1760:Alexander the Great 1707:red-figure painting 1521:(illus. below, BM, 1283:Orientalizing style 892:and his raven on a 549:South Italian wares 284:Gräber der Hellenen 6625:Menestheus's Limin 6279:Pandosia (Lucania) 6167:Greek colonisation 5529:Athenian statesmen 5290:Diogenes of Sinope 5151:Kings of Macedonia 5141:Kings of Commagene 5009:Macedonian phalanx 4989:Hellenistic armies 4737:(c. 424–c. 395 BC) 4601:Indo-Greek Kingdom 4323:Hellenistic Greece 3927:Stylistic regions 3827:Three-phase firing 3766:Three-phase firing 3303:Coldstream, J. N. 3078:The Colors of Clay 3039:East Greek Pottery 2966:Robert Manuel Cook 2757:10.1111/jace.12395 2690:10.1111/jace.13337 2506:– via JSTOR. 2094: 2067: 1969:Hellenistic period 1965: 1944:Hellenistic period 1910: 1879:Pistoxenos Painter 1855: 1800:Underworld Painter 1703: 1647: 1639:Walters Art Museum 1590: 1573:Red-figure pottery 1471: 1397:Polyphemos Painter 1369: 1306: 1175: 1147: 1097: 1087:Protogeometric art 1001:protogeometric art 944: 936: 898:Pistoxenos Painter 840:From left to right 727:three-phase firing 722: 692: 658: 601:, produced by the 599:Making Greek Vases 553:Hellenistic period 414: 346:'s 1854 catalogue 309: 229: 208:Hellenistic period 196:red-figure pottery 190:included at first 94:Etruscans in Italy 63: 41: 7113: 7112: 7071: 7070: 7011: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7003: 7002: 6577:Iberian Peninsula 6509:Lipara/Meligounis 6475: 6474: 6153: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6126:Cypriot syllabary 6017: 6016: 5926:Athenian Treasury 5910: 5909: 5582: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5171:Ptolemaic dynasty 5131:Archons of Athens 5086: 5085: 5082: 5081: 4957:Athenian military 4938: 4937: 4771:League of Corinth 4753:Thessalian League 4729:Chalcidian League 4711:Acarnanian League 4621:Ptolemaic Kingdom 4433: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4204: 4203: 4191:Kalos inscription 4161:Adolf Furtwangler 4129: 4128: 4089: 4088: 3948:Pseudo-Chalkidian 3896:Stylistic periods 3891: 3890: 3842:Black-glazed Ware 3779: 3778: 3729:Hellenistic glass 3702: 3701: 3573:Black-glazed Ware 3551: 3550: 3188:Library resources 3178:978-0-7190-2936-3 3108:978-0-19-973578-5 2801:978-0-19-973578-5 2466:978-0-19-973578-5 2395:Woodford, Susan, 2287:978-0-19-973578-5 2195:Hellenistic glass 2132:Tanagra figurines 1553:Andokides Painter 1350:Proto-Corinthian 1034:, led largely by 992:widely exported. 977:Mycenaean pottery 916:ancient Greek art 894:white-ground bowl 877:Andokides Painter 873:Bilingual amphora 780:Ancient Greek art 637: 636: 418:Greek vase shapes 365:Adolf Furtwängler 245:Lorenzo de Medici 202:. Styles such as 149:Mycenaean pottery 90:the Mediterranean 49:Hirschfeld Krater 16:(Redirected from 7148: 7103: 7102: 7093: 7083: 7082: 7017: 6735: 6234:Heraclea Lucania 6187: 6178: 6159: 5919: 5851:Twelve Olympians 5822: 5612: 5588: 5176:Seleucid dynasty 5156:Kings of Paionia 5105: 5092: 4962:Scythian archers 4869:Graphe paranomon 4799: 4706: 4703: 4693: 4690: 4674: 4671: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4468: 4439: 4318:Classical Greece 4303:Mycenaean Greece 4283: 4259: 4231: 4224: 4217: 4208: 4046: 3975: 3853: 3806: 3799: 3792: 3783: 3756:Tanagra figurine 3662: 3490: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3440: 3359:Trendall, A. D. 3261:Boardman, John. 3182: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3134: 3128: 3117: 3111: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3081: 3074: 3068: 3061: 3055: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3029: 3022: 3016: 3009: 3003: 2992: 2986: 2979: 2973: 2963: 2957: 2950: 2944: 2933: 2927: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2810: 2804: 2789: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2751:(7): 2031–2035. 2739: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2673: 2667: 2663: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2607: 2599: 2597: 2596: 2590: 2583: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2541: 2532: 2531: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2475: 2469: 2454: 2441: 2440: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2414: 2408: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2347: 2341: 2330: 2324: 2309: 2303: 2300:Angelo Poliziano 2296: 2290: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2237: 2212:Tanagra figurine 2136:votive offerings 2092:, GR 1971.11–1.1 2087: 2084: 2079:Sophilos drew me 2059:Kaliades made it 2037: 2034: 1908: 1905: 1898:with heads of a 1883:Thanatos Painter 1871:Achilles Painter 1734:Kleophon Painter 1722:Achilles Painter 1715: 1712: 1700: 1697: 1659: 1656: 1636: 1633: 1587: 1584: 1527: 1524: 1488: 1485: 1468: 1465: 1393:Mesogeia Painter 1389:Analatos Painter 1366: 1363: 1303: 1300: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1109: 1106: 1075:Classical Greece 910:Few examples of 885: 882: 858: 855: 830: 818: 804: 792: 719: 716: 629: 628: 617: 616: 597: 596: 588: 576: 496:, and the small 335:in 1843 and the 334: 328: 307: 304: 286: 268: 226: 188:Classical Greece 141:Cycladic pottery 21: 7156: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7067: 7022: 6999: 6862: 6856: 6739: 6730: 6722: 6693:Melaina Korkyra 6649: 6571: 6528: 6481:Aeolian Islands 6471: 6333: 6191: 6172: 6171: 6145: 6102: 6013: 5955: 5906: 5860: 5811: 5733: 5724:Wedding customs 5606: 5605: 5574: 5565:Thracian Greeks 5548: 5539:Olympic victors 5517: 5359: 5246: 5190: 5181:Kings of Sparta 5166:Kings of Pontus 5136:Kings of Athens 5112: 5099: 5078: 4974:Army of Macedon 4934: 4911: 4883: 4840: 4788: 4761:(370–c. 230 BC) 4759:Arcadian League 4743:(c. 400–188 BC) 4741:Aetolian League 4735:Boeotian League 4717:Hellenic League 4704: 4691: 4681:(c. 650–404 BC) 4672: 4666:Italiote League 4659: 4655: 4649:Doric Hexapolis 4639: 4630: 4626:Seleucid Empire 4569: 4462: 4461: 4425: 4332: 4308:Greek Dark Ages 4277: 4276: 4253: 4240: 4235: 4205: 4200: 4164: 4145: 4125: 4107: 4085: 4067: 4044: 4016: 4012:Caeretan hydria 3973: 3922: 3887: 3869: 3851: 3847:West Slope Ware 3815: 3810: 3780: 3775: 3724:Disjecta membra 3698: 3660: 3602: 3593:West Slope Ware 3547: 3529: 3511: 3488: 3472: 3467: 3405: 3338:Pollitt, J. J. 3233:Beazley, John. 3223: 3221:Further reading 3218: 3217: 3216: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3179: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3135: 3131: 3118: 3114: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3075: 3071: 3062: 3058: 3050:H. G. G. Payne 3049: 3045: 3036: 3032: 3023: 3019: 3011:K. Kilinski II 3010: 3006: 2993: 2989: 2980: 2976: 2964: 2960: 2951: 2947: 2934: 2930: 2910: 2906: 2894: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2811: 2807: 2790: 2786: 2780: 2776: 2768: 2764: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2657: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2600: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2579:"Archived copy" 2577: 2576: 2572: 2562: 2560: 2543: 2542: 2535: 2518:"Greek Pottery" 2516: 2515: 2511: 2496:10.2307/3258463 2477: 2476: 2472: 2455: 2444: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2418:"Dipylon vases" 2416: 2415: 2411: 2394: 2390: 2380: 2378: 2374:Beazley Archive 2367: 2366: 2362: 2358:Woodford, 12–14 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2331: 2327: 2310: 2306: 2297: 2293: 2276: 2269: 2259: 2257: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2203: 2144: 2125: 2085: 2063:Musée du Louvre 2035: 2017: 1954:West Slope Ware 1946: 1915: 1906: 1814: 1808: 1753:Meidias Painter 1749:Nike Balustrade 1713: 1698: 1676:in the latter. 1657: 1653:vase painters ( 1634: 1598:Six's technique 1585: 1575: 1569: 1525: 1486: 1469:BC, BM. London. 1466: 1452: 1446: 1418:Wild Goat Style 1364: 1301: 1291: 1285: 1167:Dipylon Amphora 1139: 1129: 1127:Geometric style 1112:Greek dark ages 1108: 1050–900 1107: 1089: 1083: 1057:(in particular 1036:ancient Corinth 1005:mainland Greece 989: 969: 949: 928: 904: 903: 902: 901: 890:Cylix of Apollo 887: 883: 870: 860: 856: 843: 836: 835: 834: 831: 823: 822: 819: 810: 809: 808: 805: 797: 796: 793: 782: 772: 764:Comte de Caylus 757: 753: 741: 737: 717: 701: 680: 663: 642: 626: 614: 594: 579:External videos 574: 561: 406: 397:disjecta membra 372:Flinders Petrie 342:Finally it was 313:D'Hancarville's 305: 247:bought several 233:Nicolas Poussin 224:Disjecta membra 216: 204:West Slope Ware 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7154: 7152: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7131:Ancient Greece 7128: 7118: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7097: 7087: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7020: 7013: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6743: 6741: 6732: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6659: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6581: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6538: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6485: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6427:Megara Hyblaea 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6407:Hybla Gereatis 6404: 6399: 6397:Heraclea Minoa 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6343: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6184: 6174: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6141:Attic numerals 6138: 6136:Greek numerals 6133: 6131:Greek alphabet 6128: 6123: 6118: 6112: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6027: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5965: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5785:Musical system 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5744: 5742: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5618: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5598: 5592: 5591: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5525: 5523: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5369: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5256: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5217:Mathematicians 5214: 5209: 5204: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5126:Kings of Argos 5122: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4984:Cretan archers 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4954: 4948: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4893: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4850: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4786: 4783:Achaean League 4780: 4777:Euboean League 4774: 4768: 4765:Epirote League 4762: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4713:(c. 500–31 BC) 4708: 4695: 4682: 4676: 4663: 4645: 4643: 4641:Confederations 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4565:Lissus (Crete) 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4476: 4474: 4464: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4342: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4313:Archaic Greece 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4289: 4287: 4279: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4238:Ancient Greece 4236: 4234: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4211: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4169:Special topics 4166: 4165: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4151: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4117: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4099: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4083: 4081:Centuripe ware 4077: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3941: 3936: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3908:Protogeometric 3905: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3879: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3867: 3861: 3859: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3801: 3794: 3786: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3710: 3708: 3707:Special topics 3704: 3703: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3670: 3668: 3666:Little Masters 3659: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3612: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3527: 3521: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3487: 3486: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3466: 3465: 3458: 3451: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3404: 3403:External links 3401: 3400: 3399: 3392: 3385: 3380:Winter, Adam. 3378: 3371: 3364: 3357: 3352:Steiner, Ann. 3350: 3343: 3336: 3329: 3322: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3266: 3259: 3252: 3245: 3238: 3231: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3186: 3185: 3184: 3183: 3177: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3142: 3129: 3112: 3091: 3082: 3069: 3067:, 3 vols, 1991 3056: 3043: 3030: 3017: 3004: 2987: 2974: 2958: 2945: 2928: 2904: 2892: 2874: 2853:10.2307/506399 2847:(3): 507–529. 2829: 2805: 2784: 2774: 2762: 2734: 2722: 2695: 2684:(2): 430–436. 2668: 2655: 2645: 2633: 2615: 2570: 2533: 2509: 2470: 2442: 2423: 2409: 2405:978-0801419942 2388: 2360: 2351: 2342: 2325: 2304: 2291: 2267: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2202: 2199: 2170:surrounded by 2156:Derveni Krater 2143: 2140: 2124: 2121: 2090:British Museum 2038:–480 BC, from 2016: 2013: 1977:Centuripe ware 1959:, 330–300 BC, 1945: 1942: 1914: 1911: 1846:, 490–480 BC, 1828:– she holds a 1826:Brygos Painter 1807: 1804: 1796:Darius Painter 1738:Niobid Painter 1714: 480–425 1692:Berlin Painter 1568: 1565: 1549:bilingual vase 1542:Amasis Painter 1445: 1442: 1365: 640–630 1284: 1281: 1231:Dipylon Master 1128: 1125: 1082: 1079: 1028:Archaic Greece 1026:The period of 997:Greek Dark Age 988: 985: 973:Minoan pottery 968: 965: 948: 945: 927: 924: 867:Niobid Painter 857: 540–530 838: 837: 832: 825: 824: 820: 813: 812: 811: 806: 799: 798: 794: 787: 786: 785: 784: 783: 771: 770:Vase painting 768: 755: 751: 739: 735: 718: 575–550 700: 697: 679: 676: 662: 659: 641: 638: 635: 634: 622: 621: 610: 609: 590: 589: 581: 580: 573: 570: 560: 557: 506: 505: 490: 463: 446: 405: 404:Uses and types 402: 384:Edmond Pottier 357:Persian debris 337:Ecole d'Athens 321:Eduard Gerhard 306: 1815 AD 275:British Museum 251:directly from 215: 212: 180:Archaic Greece 157:Greek Dark Age 137:Minoan pottery 92:, such as the 70:ancient Greece 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7153: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7106: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7086: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7018: 7014: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6859: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6652: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6605:Hemeroscopion 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6182:Magna Graecia 6179: 6175: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6056:Arcadocypriot 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6009:Zeus, Olympia 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5994:Hera, Olympia 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5897:Mount Olympus 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865:Sacred places 5863: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5736: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5689:Olympic Games 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5679:Homosexuality 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5093: 5089: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5049:Seleucid army 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4723:Delian League 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4699: 4696: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4679:Ionian League 4677: 4667: 4664: 4660: 560 BC 4650: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4401:Magna Graecia 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4232: 4227: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4103:Kabiria Group 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4063:Gnathia vases 4061: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4022:South Italian 4019: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3918:Orientalizing 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3903:Sub-Mycenaean 3901: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3800: 3795: 3793: 3788: 3787: 3784: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3588:South Italian 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3525:Sub-Mycenaean 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3507:Vasiliki ware 3505: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3459: 3457: 3452: 3450: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3296:Cohen, Beth. 3295: 3292: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3180: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3151: 3146: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3110:, p. 642-643. 3109: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2994:C. M. Stibbe 2991: 2988: 2984: 2978: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2915:. Cambridge: 2914: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2893:0-415-93635-7 2889: 2885: 2878: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2833: 2830: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2814:V. Desborough 2809: 2806: 2803:, p. 641-642. 2802: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2766: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2699: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2669: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2587: 2580: 2574: 2571: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2427: 2424: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2355: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2340:, 1997, p.283 2339: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2236: 2233: 2227: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2164:volute krater 2161: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2030: 2026: 2025:Ancient Greek 2021: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1989:Magna Graecia 1986: 1985:Gnathia vases 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1950: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1912: 1902:and a woman, 1901: 1897: 1896: 1890: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1873:, as well as 1872: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1708: 1693: 1689: 1688:hoplitodromos 1685: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1652: 1644: 1640: 1629: 1628: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1606:Pioneer Group 1603: 1599: 1594: 1579: 1574: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534:François Vase 1531: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1481: 1477: 1461: 1458:Achilles and 1456: 1451: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1348: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1295: 1290: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1248: 1244:cycle in the 1243: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1211: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1133:Geometric art 1126: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1102: 1099:Vases of the 1093: 1088: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1021:geometric art 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 986: 984: 982: 978: 974: 966: 964: 962: 958: 954: 946: 940: 932: 925: 923: 921: 917: 913: 908: 899: 895: 891: 878: 874: 868: 864: 851: 847: 841: 829: 817: 803: 791: 781: 777: 769: 767: 765: 759: 749: 745: 733: 728: 712: 711: 705: 698: 696: 688: 684: 677: 675: 672: 668: 660: 654: 650: 648: 639: 632: 623: 620: 611: 608: 604: 600: 591: 587: 582: 577: 571: 569: 567: 558: 556: 554: 550: 546: 541: 537: 532: 529: 526: 522: 521:grave markers 517: 515: 511: 503: 499: 495: 491: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 461: 457: 453: 452: 447: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 423: 422: 419: 410: 403: 401: 399: 398: 391: 389: 385: 381: 375: 373: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 349: 348:Vasensammlung 345: 340: 338: 333: 327: 322: 318: 314: 300: 296: 292: 288: 285: 280: 276: 272: 267: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 225: 220: 213: 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 176:Geometric art 173: 172:vase painting 168: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 133: 131: 130: 125: 121: 117: 113: 110: 106: 101: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 78:Greek society 75: 71: 67: 60: 56: 55: 50: 45: 38: 37: 31: 27: 19: 6900:Dionysopolis 6870:Abonoteichos 6822:Pantikapaion 6412:Hybla Heraea 5791: 5748:Architecture 5704:Prostitution 5393:Aristophanes 5252:Philosophers 5222:Philosophers 5054:Spartan army 4785:(280–146 BC) 4773:(338–322 BC) 4767:(370–168 BC) 4755:(374–196 BC) 4749:(378–355 BC) 4731:(430–348 BC) 4725:(478–404 BC) 4719:(499–449 BC) 4406:Peloponnesus 4328:Roman Greece 4156:John Beazley 4121:Pontic Group 4058:Canosa vases 3938: 3857:Black-figure 3837:White-ground 3812: 3733: 3714:Conservation 3598:White ground 3568:Black-figure 3502:Kamares ware 3469: 3395: 3388: 3381: 3374: 3367: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3290: 3283: 3276: 3269: 3262: 3256:Paralipomena 3255: 3248: 3241: 3234: 3227: 3202:Online books 3192: 3167: 3152:, p. 70 3150:Sparkes 1991 3145: 3137: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3099: 3094: 3085: 3077: 3072: 3064: 3063:D. A. Amyx, 3059: 3051: 3046: 3038: 3033: 3025: 3024:J. Boardman 3020: 3012: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2982: 2977: 2969: 2961: 2953: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2912: 2907: 2899: 2883: 2877: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2823: 2817: 2808: 2792: 2787: 2777: 2765: 2748: 2744: 2737: 2725: 2708: 2704: 2698: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2648: 2636: 2618: 2593:. Retrieved 2573: 2561:. Retrieved 2553:Khan Academy 2549:Smarthistory 2521: 2512: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2457: 2436: 2426: 2412: 2396: 2391: 2379:. Retrieved 2372: 2363: 2354: 2345: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2294: 2278: 2258:. Retrieved 2244: 2235: 2184: 2160:Thessaloniki 2158:, from near 2153: 2149: 2145: 2138:at temples. 2126: 2112: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2095: 2078: 2068: 2058: 2047: 2015:Inscriptions 1966: 1956: 1938: 1920: 1916: 1893: 1864: 1856: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1757: 1746: 1704: 1684:Neck amphora 1648: 1625: 1602:white-ground 1595: 1591: 1546: 1512: 1507:Humfry Payne 1504: 1472: 1462:by Exekias, 1460:Penthesileia 1415: 1401: 1385: 1370: 1351: 1307: 1262: 1251: 1245: 1235: 1192: 1188:horror vacui 1176: 1148: 1098: 1040: 1025: 994: 990: 970: 950: 909: 905: 886:BC (Munich); 846:Black-figure 839: 760: 723: 708: 693: 681: 664: 643: 607:Smarthistory 562: 533: 525:White ground 518: 507: 487:loutrophoros 449: 415: 395: 392: 388:John Beazley 379: 376: 347: 341: 336: 310: 295:Neoclassical 230: 170:The rise of 169: 134: 129:objets d'art 127: 102: 64: 58: 52: 48: 34: 33:Hellenistic 26: 7048:Place names 6960:Salmydessus 6782:Kalos Limen 6762:Chersonesus 6752:Borysthenes 6457:Tauromenion 6269:Metapontion 6031:Proto-Greek 5984:Erechtheion 5979:Athena Nike 5941:Philippeion 5770:Mathematics 5741:and science 5624:Agriculture 5488:Stesichorus 5398:Bacchylides 5388:Archilochus 5275:Antisthenes 5265:Anaximander 5237:Seven Sages 5227:Playwrights 5207:Geographers 5202:Astronomers 5029:Pezhetairos 4656: 1100 4636:Federations 4535:Megalopolis 4472:City states 4447:City states 3992:Klazomenian 3646:Nikosthenes 3543:Frying pans 3484:Minyan ware 3136:Preface to 3127:(1–2) 2711:: 510–518. 1792:Kerch Style 1788:Panticapeum 1718:Pan Painter 1588:BC, BM E 44 1476:Winckelmann 1318:Neo-Hittite 1277:Attic style 995:During the 848:amphora by 647:elutriation 572:Manufacture 279:Stackelberg 261:Winckelmann 249:Attic vases 145:Minyan ware 7120:Categories 6950:Polemonion 6827:Phanagoria 6797:Kimmerikon 6792:Kerkinitis 6777:Hermonassa 6767:Dioscurias 6663:Aspalathos 6610:Kalathousa 6585:Akra Leuke 6514:Phoenicusa 6299:Scylletium 6284:Poseidonia 6204:Brentesion 6091:Pamphylian 6086:Macedonian 6004:Samothrace 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1426:Asia Minor 1367:BC, Louvre 1314:Asia Minor 1304:BC, Louvre 1302: 625 1287:See also: 1131:See also: 1085:See also: 1061:) and the 981:Bronze Age 967:Bronze Age 884: 520 863:Red-figure 640:Levigation 605:hosted at 502:alabastron 153:Bronze Age 18:Attic ware 7036:in Epirus 6985:Trapezous 6930:Mesambria 6915:Eupatoria 6885:Apollonia 6880:Anchialos 6842:Theodosia 6812:Nymphaion 6802:Myrmekion 6772:Gorgippia 6728:Black Sea 6713:Tragurion 6698:Nymphaion 6683:Epidauros 6678:Epidamnos 6668:Apollonia 6645:Zacynthos 6567:Ptolemais 6561:Apollonia 6534:Cyrenaica 6524:Therassía 6519:Strongyle 6499:Ereikousa 6422:Leontinoi 6362:Apollonia 6239:Hipponion 6036:Mycenaean 5999:Parthenon 5931:Lion Gate 5834:Mythology 5797:Sculpture 5760:Astronomy 5694:Pederasty 5669:Festivals 5654:Education 5534:Lawgivers 5503:Timocreon 5483:Sophocles 5478:Simonides 5453:Philocles 5448:Panyassis 5443:Mimnermus 5408:Herodotus 5403:Euripides 5373:Aeschylus 5320:Leucippus 5280:Aristotle 5059:Strategos 4925:Synedrion 4879:Ostracism 4859:Areopagus 4811:Free city 4606:Macedonia 4490:Byzantion 4396:Macedonia 4361:Cyrenaica 4338:Geography 4272:Geography 4196:Name vase 4134:Painters 4040:Campanian 4007:Wild Goat 3913:Geometric 3832:Bilingual 3751:Symposium 3741:Name vase 3674:Ergoteles 3651:Pamphaios 3621:Ergotimos 3563:Bilingual 3517:Mycenaean 2919:, p. 40. 2869:191409965 2468:, p. 642. 2289:, p. 641. 2191:alabaster 2123:Figurines 2102:egraphsen 2005:Campanian 1957:kantharos 1926:Aphrodite 1895:kantharos 1784:Black Sea 1776:Campanian 1742:Parthenon 1643:Baltimore 1438:oenochoes 1330:Anatolian 1326:Phoenicia 1210:prothesis 1184:swastikas 1173:, Athens. 1155:Mycenaean 1116:compasses 953:Stone Age 947:Stone Age 748:magnetite 746:to black 678:Clay slip 514:gymnasium 498:aryballos 471:kantharos 369:seriation 344:Otto Jahn 317:Tischbein 147:and then 109:Geometric 7085:Category 7063:Theatres 6990:Tripolis 6925:Kerasous 6920:Heraclea 6852:Tyritake 6807:Nikonion 6718:Thronion 6640:Salauris 6595:Emporion 6552:Berenice 6542:Balagrae 6494:Euonymos 6467:Tyndaris 6452:Syracuse 6447:Selinous 6417:Kamarina 6372:Casmenae 6357:Akrillai 6274:Neápolis 6209:Caulonia 6190:Mainland 6121:Linear B 6116:Linear A 6046:Dialects 6023:Language 5817:Religion 5775:Medicine 5709:Religion 5674:Folklore 5659:Emporium 5634:Clothing 5629:Calendar 5513:Xenophon 5508:Tyrtaeus 5493:Theognis 5468:Polybius 5463:Plutarch 5438:Menander 5418:Hipponax 5345:Socrates 5300:Epicurus 5146:Diadochi 5044:Sciritae 5004:Hetairoi 4979:Ballista 4944:Military 4907:Gerousia 4897:Ekklesia 4864:Ecclesia 4846:Athenian 4794:Politics 4707:–279 BC) 4694:–366 BC) 4675:–389 BC) 4611:Pergamon 4581:Bithynia 4574:Kingdoms 4515:Pergamon 4457:Military 4452:Politics 4249:Timeline 4150:Scholars 4113:Etruscan 4095:Boeotian 4073:Sicilian 4030:Lucanian 3964:Laconian 3954:Cycladic 3656:Sophilos 3578:Bucchero 3535:Cycladic 2653:338–359. 2628:Archived 2604:cite web 2586:Archived 2557:Archived 2528:Archived 2490:(1): 2. 2369:"Shapes" 2201:See also 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5649:Economy 5644:Cuisine 5639:Coinage 5616:Society 5601:Culture 5596:Society 5544:Tyrants 5383:Alcaeus 5365:Authors 5315:Hypatia 5305:Gorgias 5242:Writers 5064:Toxotai 5034:Sarissa 5024:Peltast 5019:Phalanx 4999:Hoplite 4994:Hippeis 4917:Macedon 4889:Spartan 4874:Heliaia 4821:Proxeny 4530:Larissa 4525:Kerkyra 4520:Eretria 4510:Miletus 4505:Ephesus 4500:Corinth 4495:Chalcis 4416:Taurica 4286:Periods 4267:History 4050:Apulian 4035:Paestan 3997:Rhodian 3959:Euboean 3684:Phrynos 3608:Potters 3159:Sources 3054:, 1931. 2943:, 1971. 2666:113–127 2504:3258463 2407:, p. 12 2180:maenads 2172:Ariadne 2001:Paestan 1993:Apulian 1831:thyrsos 1824:by the 1820:Raging 1780:Paestan 1764:Apulian 1690:by the 1651:Archaic 1551:by the 1538:Exekias 1496:Boeotia 1482:, from 1480:Archaic 1430:Miletus 1377:griffin 1341:Assyria 1337:Phrygia 1253:Odyssey 1227:diabolo 1222:ekphora 1195:Dipylon 1051:Corinth 1047:Boeotia 979:of the 896:by the 875:by the 850:Exekias 547:tombs. 540:Corinth 510:rituals 479:skyphos 427:amphora 361:Persian 151:in the 116:kraters 82:pottery 66:Pottery 54:ekphora 7095:Portal 7043:People 7031:Cities 6970:Sinope 6955:Rhizos 6945:Phasis 6895:Bathus 6890:Athina 6875:Amisos 6837:Tanais 6832:Pityus 6757:Charax 6708:Pharos 6703:Orikon 6600:Helike 6590:Alonis 6557:Cyrene 6489:Didyme 6402:Himera 6377:Catana 6339:Sicily 6329:Thurii 6324:Terina 6289:Pixous 6244:Hydrus 6219:Croton 6051:Aeolic 5969:Aphaea 5892:Dodona 5877:Delphi 5846:Temple 5522:Others 5473:Sappho 5458:Pindar 5433:Lucian 5428:Ibycus 5413:Hesiod 5350:Thales 5118:Rulers 5097:People 5074:Xyston 5069:Xiphos 4930:Koinon 4836:Tyrant 4826:Stasis 4816:Koinon 4616:Pontus 4591:Epirus 4560:Sparta 4550:Rhodes 4545:Megara 4540:Thebes 4485:Athens 4411:Pontus 4376:Epirus 4366:Cyprus 4351:Aeolis 4002:Samian 3934:Argive 3694:Tleson 3689:Sokles 3636:Gryton 3616:Amasis 3494:Minoan 3477:Aegean 3190:about 3175: 3121:Kadmos 3106: 3080:, p.21 3041:, 1998 3015:, 1990 3002:, 1987 2956:, 1968 2923: 2890: 2867: 2861:506399 2859: 2799: 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4356:Crete 3987:Ionic 3939:Attic 3883:Kerch 3865:Six's 2865:S2CID 2857:JSTOR 2589:(PDF) 2582:(PDF) 2500:JSTOR 2381:2 May 2113:kalee 2108:kalos 2040:Capua 2031:cup, 1900:satyr 1875:Psiax 1860:slips 1843:kylix 1840:of a 1837:tondo 1624:This 1561:Psiax 1557:Oltos 1515:dinos 1434:Chios 1411:Paros 1403:Crete 1381:lions 1322:Syria 1269:Crete 1265:Argos 1247:Iliad 1238:Homer 1059:Naxos 1043:Attic 1017:Italy 710:pinax 667:wheel 661:Wheel 467:kylix 460:dinos 443:pyxis 257:Italy 6980:Tium 6747:Akra 6688:Issa 6382:Gela 6254:Laüs 6229:Elea 5887:Dion 5739:Arts 5729:Wine 5355:Zeno 4952:Wars 3746:Slip 3735:LIMC 3394:--. 3282:--. 3275:--. 3268:--. 3254:--. 3247:--. 3240:--. 3173:ISBN 3104:ISBN 2921:ISBN 2902:1968 2888:ISBN 2797:ISBN 2610:link 2565:2014 2462:ISBN 2401:ISBN 2383:2018 2283:ISBN 2262:2016 2185:The 2178:and 2154:The 2111:and 2100:and 2088:BC, 1967:The 1930:Eros 1928:and 1778:and 1672:and 1664:and 1637:BC. 1612:and 1600:and 1559:and 1432:and 1353:olpe 1335:and 1324:and 1271:and 1165:The 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