122:
101:. Scholars and critics who use the term "precarious work" contrast it with the "standard employment relationship", which is the term they use to describe full-time, continuous employment where the employee works on their employer's premises or under the employer's supervision, under an employment contract of indefinite duration, with standardized working hours/weeks and social benefits such as
189:
72:
who see these changes as positive for individual workers. Precarious is work is ultimately a result of a profit driven capitalist organization of work in which employment is largely understood as a cost that needs to be reduced. The social and political consequences vary greatly in terms gender, age,
141:, critics use the term "precarious" strictly to describe work that is uncertain, unpredictable, or offers little to no control over working hours or conditions. This characterization has been challenged by scholars focused on the
177:(ILO) has developed standards for atypical and precarious employment, including the 1994 Convention Concerning Part-time Work, the 1996 Convention Concerning Home Work, and the 1999 "Decent Work" initiative.
117:
at the age of 65. It did not typically describe women in the same time period, who would only work temporarily until they got married and had children, at which time they would withdraw from the workforce.
539:
669:
173:
and in employment relationships has created new opportunities for regulation, regulation intended explicitly to remediate precarious work often produces mixed results. The
578:
Kalleberg, Arne L.; Reskin, Barbara F.; Hudson, Ken (2000). "Bad jobs in
America: Standard and nonstandard employment relations and job quality in the United States".
564:
1721:
64:
which demands flexibility in the workplace, resulting in the decline of the standard employment relationship, particularly for women. The characterization of
752:
Vosko, Leah F. (2006). "Gender, precarious work, and the international labour code: the ghost in the ILO closet". In Fudge, Judy; Owens, Rosemary (eds.).
547:
1610:
880:
1502:
801:
361:
367:
1716:
1726:
423:
Vallas, Steven; Prener, Christopher (November 1, 2012). "Dualism, Job
Polarization, and the Social Construction of Precarious Work".
1472:
991:
835:
761:
700:
404:
330:
298:
174:
716:
Campbell, Iain; Price, Robin (September 1, 2016). "Precarious work and precarious workers: Towards an improved conceptualisation".
661:
1585:
1403:
1655:
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1706:
873:
580:
1011:
951:
113:, as men who completed their education would go on to work full-time for one employer their entire lives until their
1408:
1253:
898:
1731:
917:
243:
615:
Kalleberg, Arne L. (February 1, 2009). "Precarious Work, Insecure
Workers: Employment Relations in Transition".
121:
1736:
1711:
1701:
1590:
1426:
1393:
1042:
866:
1452:
785:
349:
Good Jobs, Bad Jobs: The Rise of
Polarized and Precarious Employment Systems in the United States, 1970s-2000s
660:
Cassells, Rebecca; Duncan, Alan; Mavisakalyan, Astghik; Phillimore, John; Tarverdi, Yashar (April 12, 2018).
1741:
1413:
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956:
396:
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322:
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1595:
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57:
44:
that may be poorly paid, insecure, unprotected, and unable to support a household. From this perspective,
1398:
1052:
558:
94:
1062:
976:
966:
827:
253:
49:
629:
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1514:
1497:
1118:
1077:
971:
319:
Managing the
Margins: Gender, Citizenship and the International Regulation of Precarious Employment
238:
811:
1645:
1447:
1421:
1343:
1223:
1213:
1047:
733:
642:
597:
440:
263:
782:
Is flexible work precarious? A study based on the 4th
European survey of working conditions 2005
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1565:
1353:
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757:
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520:
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357:
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294:
223:
1575:
1550:
1032:
725:
634:
589:
512:
471:
432:
154:
81:
The term "precarious work" is frequently associated with the following types of employment:
69:
500:
1388:
1338:
1208:
946:
908:
756:. Onati International Series in Law and Society. Oxford: Hart Publishing. pp. 53–76.
208:
86:
293:. Onati International Series in Law and Society. Oxford: Hart Publishing. pp. 3–28.
1670:
1555:
1529:
1509:
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1348:
1311:
1113:
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90:
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53:
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benefits, and medical coverage. This "standard employment relationship" emerged after
1695:
1640:
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45:
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110:
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996:
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913:
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459:
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The
Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era
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228:
170:
98:
638:
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1524:
1442:
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986:
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184:
114:
41:
729:
524:
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485:
436:
17:
1482:
1328:
1263:
1248:
1243:
1157:
693:
Gurus, Hired Guns, and Warm Bodies: Itinerant
Experts in a Knowledge Economy
248:
218:
31:
289:
Fudge, Judy; Owens, Rosemary (2006). Fudge, Judy; Owens, Rosemary (eds.).
1680:
1665:
1258:
150:
142:
102:
754:
Precarious work, women and the new economy: the challenge to legal norms
291:
Precarious work, women and the new economy: the challenge to legal norms
188:
73:
race and class and result in varying degrees of inequality and freedom.
1358:
601:
538:
International
Metalworkers' Federation, Central Committee 2007 (2007).
149:
affords individual workers. However, many studies promoting individual
61:
1306:
1218:
593:
501:"Precarious work: Economic, sociological and political perspectives"
824:
Precarious Lives: Job
Insecurity and Well-Being in Rich Democracies
1316:
858:
120:
810:
Sonia McKay, Steve Jefferys, Anna Paraksevopoulou, Janoj Keles, "
662:"Precarious employment is rising rapidly among men: new research"
40:
is a term that critics use to describe non-standard or temporary
546:(1). Global Union Research Network - GURN: 18–21. Archived from
862:
391:
Arthur, Michael B.; Rousseau, Denise M., eds. (2001).
284:
282:
280:
30:
For the general condition, global perspectives, see
1543:
1465:
1435:
1381:
1297:
1196:
1145:
1136:
1091:
1025:
934:
927:
68:as "precarious" is disputed by some scholars and
77:Contrast with regular and temporary employment
874:
8:
418:
416:
386:
384:
312:
310:
27:Type of non-standard or temporary employment
852:https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2030093
563:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1294:
1142:
931:
881:
867:
859:
846:Society, Work and Precarity. Encyclopedia
812:Study on Precarious work and social rights
691:Barley, Stephen R.; Kunda, Gideon (2011).
1611:International comparisons of labor unions
628:
475:
718:The Economic and Labour Relations Review
505:The Economic and Labour Relations Review
540:"Global action against precarious work"
276:
556:
499:Wilson, Shaun; Ebert, Norbert (2013).
1722:Ethically disputed working conditions
153:focus on highly educated and skilled
7:
814:" Working Lives Research Institute,
794:Flexicurity and political philosophy
169:While increased flexibility in the
784:", WSI-Diskussionspapier Nr. 153,
25:
672:from the original on July 2, 2018
175:International Labour Organization
1586:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1473:Labor spies in the United States
187:
157:, rather than the full range of
1404:Enterprise bargaining agreement
370:from the original on 2015-02-05
1656:Occupational safety and health
816:London Metropolitan University
695:. Princeton University Press.
133:While many different kinds of
1:
460:"Society, Work and Precarity"
617:American Sociological Review
581:American Sociological Review
137:or limited-term jobs can be
1012:Duty of fair representation
952:National trade union center
477:10.3390/encyclopedia2030093
1758:
1717:Employment classifications
1409:Global Framework Agreement
792:Tangian, Andranik (2011).
639:10.1177/000312240907400101
346:Arne L. Kalleberg (2011).
29:
1727:Feminism and social class
894:
244:Labour market flexibility
1591:Equal pay for equal work
1427:Union security agreement
1394:Collaborative bargaining
1043:Social movement unionism
822:Kalleberg, Arne (2018).
730:10.1177/1035304616652074
517:10.1177/1035304613500434
437:10.1177/0730888412456027
317:Volsko, Leah F. (2011).
1418:Mutual gains bargaining
1234:Occupation of factories
957:Global union federation
844:Ebert, Norbert (2022).
458:Ebert, Norbert (2022).
397:Oxford University Press
354:Russell Sage Foundation
323:Oxford University Press
259:Workforce casualisation
195:Organized labour portal
1596:Exploitation of labour
1274:Organizational dissent
130:
58:information technology
1453:Workers' compensation
1399:Collective bargaining
1053:Members-only unionism
828:John Wiley & Sons
786:Hans-Böckler-Stiftung
780:Andranik S. Tangian "
124:
48:, the shift from the
1707:Community organizing
1063:Open-source unionism
977:Father of the chapel
967:Union representative
425:Work and Occupations
254:Social vulnerability
56:, and the spread of
50:manufacturing sector
1661:Occupational stress
1515:Demarcation dispute
1498:Anti-union violence
1119:Industrial unionism
1078:Solidarity unionism
992:Vigilance committee
972:Clerk of the chapel
850:, 2(3), 1384-1394;
239:Occupational hazard
129:" US wartime poster
89:, fixed-term work,
60:have created a new
1646:Professional abuse
1448:Union wage premium
1422:Pattern bargaining
1354:Solidarity actions
1214:Diversity training
1048:Community unionism
796:. New York: Nova.
264:Zero-hour contract
131:
1689:
1688:
1571:Conflict theories
1566:Four-day workweek
1461:
1460:
1377:
1376:
1279:Industrial action
1188:Union co-op model
1132:
1131:
1104:Independent union
1068:Business unionism
803:978-1-61122-816-8
363:978-1-61044-747-8
224:Division of labor
159:temporary workers
155:knowledge workers
16:(Redirected from
1749:
1732:Global workforce
1576:Critique of work
1551:35-hour workweek
1339:Pen-down strikes
1295:
1146:Shops and hiring
1143:
1033:Organizing model
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666:The Conversation
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470:(3): 1384–1394.
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21:
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1737:Labor relations
1712:Corporate crime
1702:Precarious work
1692:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1539:
1457:
1431:
1414:Master contract
1389:Bargaining unit
1373:
1369:Wildcat strikes
1293:
1239:Precarious work
1209:Contingent work
1192:
1138:
1128:
1087:
1021:
947:Union organizer
923:
890:
889:Organized labor
887:
838:
821:
804:
791:
777:
775:Further reading
772:
771:
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630:10.1.1.1030.231
614:
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594:10.2307/2657440
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288:
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209:Contingent work
193:
186:
183:
167:
87:self-employment
79:
38:Precarious work
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1742:Labor disputes
1739:
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1714:
1709:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1687:
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1684:
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1673:
1671:Social support
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Prison strikes
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:Hunger strikes
1603:
1598:
1593:
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1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1556:Eight-hour day
1553:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1530:Featherbedding
1527:
1522:
1520:Strikebreaking
1517:
1512:
1510:Union violence
1507:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1490:
1488:Churn and burn
1485:
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1383:
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1356:
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1349:Sitdown strike
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1312:General strike
1309:
1303:
1301:
1299:Strike actions
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1149:
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1140:
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1130:
1129:
1127:
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1121:
1116:
1114:Craft unionism
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
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1065:
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909:Labor movement
906:
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842:
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724:(3): 314–322.
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588:(2): 256–278.
570:
553:on 2014-06-10.
530:
511:(3): 263–278.
491:
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431:(4): 331–353.
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331:
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214:Chronic stress
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147:temporary work
99:remote workers
91:temporary work
83:Part-time jobs
78:
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66:temporary work
54:service sector
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1601:Forced labour
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1478:Union busting
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1334:Overtime bans
1332:
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1323:
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1318:
1315:
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1269:Strike notice
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1109:General union
1107:
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1102:
1100:
1099:Company union
1097:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1073:Dual unionism
1071:
1069:
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1061:
1059:
1058:One Big Union
1056:
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1038:Service model
1036:
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1017:Worker center
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918:public sector
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912:
910:
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902:
900:
899:Labor history
897:
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884:
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864:
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855:
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