1049:
432:, adding his own comment that "The sum of all is this: One in twenty (suppose) of mankind are elected; nineteen in twenty are reprobated. The elect shall be saved, do what they will; the reprobate will be damned, do what they can. Reader believe this, or be damned. Witness my hand." Toplady viewed the abridgment and comments as a distortion of his and Zanchius's views and was particularly enraged that the authorship of these additions was attributed to him, as though he approved of the content.
627:
22:
1068:
443:
that responded to
Toplady's letter, he ascribed his additions to Toplady. Subsequently, Wesley avoided direct correspondence with Toplady, famously stating in a letter of 24 June 1770 that "I do not fight with chimney-sweepers. He is too dirty a writer for me to meddle with. I should only foul my
427:
The relationship between
Toplady and Wesley that had initially been cordial, involving exchanges of letters in Toplady's Arminian days, became increasingly bitter and reached its nadir with the "Zanchy affair". Wesley took exception to the publication of Toplady's translation of Zanchius's work on
179:
preacher connected with him. Thought awakened in 1755. I was not led into a full and clear view of all the doctrines of grace, till the year 1758, when, through the great goodness of God, my
Arminian prejudices received an effectual shock, in reading Dr. Manton’s Sermons on the 17th of St. John".
178:
Toplady underwent a religious awakening in August 1755, "but not, as has been falsely reported, under Mr. John Wesley, or any preacher connected with him". In his own diary, he wrote "I was awakened in the month of August, 1755, but not, as has been falsely reported, under Mr. John Wesley, or any
400:. This work drew a vehement response from John Wesley, thus initiating a protracted pamphlet debate between Toplady and Wesley about whether the Church of England was historically Calvinist or Arminian. This debate peaked in 1774, when Toplady published his 700-page
317:, wherein he set down his observations about the marvels of nature, including the behaviour of birds, and illustrations of wise actions on the part of various animals. Toplady also considered the problem of evil as it relates to the sufferings of animals in
325:. In this speech he repudiated brutality towards animals and also affirmed his belief that the Scriptures point to the resurrection of animals. Toplady's position about animal brutality and the resurrection were echoed by his contemporaries
201:. It was John Gill who in 1760 urged Toplady to publish his translation of Zanchius's work on predestination, Toplady commenting that "I was not then, however, sufficiently delivered from the fear of man."
189:
Following his graduation from
Trinity College in 1760, Toplady and his mother returned to Westminster. There, Toplady met and was influenced by several prominent Calvinist ministers, including
301:, a Calvinist Methodist series of congregations. Toplady first met Huntingdon in 1763, and preached in her chapels several times in 1775 during his absence from Broadhembury. The second was
456:
chapel at Orange Street (off of
Haymarket), most spectacularly in 1778, when he appeared to rebut charges being made by Wesley's followers that he had renounced Calvinism on his deathbed.
171:, Toplady denies that the preacher was directly connected to Wesley, with whom he had developed a bitter relationship). He would remember this sermon as the time at which he received his
1154:
313:
Toplady was a prolific essayist and letter correspondent and wrote on a wide range of topics. He was interested in the natural world and in animals. He composed a short work
1169:
464:
439:. Wesley never publicly accepted any wrongdoing on his part and seemingly denied his authorship of the comments contained in his abridgement when, in his 1771 work
420:
contained a footnote identifying five basic propositions of the
Calvinist faith, arguably the first appearance in print of the summary of Calvinism known as the
1164:
977:
290:, another Devon village. He would serve as vicar of Broadhembury until his death, although he received leave to be absent from Broadhembury from 1775 on.
89:. Three of his other hymns – "A Debtor to Mercy Alone", "Deathless Principle, Arise" and "Object of My First Desire" – are still occasionally sung today.
1179:
914:
658:
294:
716:
1099:
117:
in 1739; by the time of his death, he had reached the rank of major. In May 1741, shortly after
Augustus' birth, Richard participated in the
800:
298:
244:
in 1763. A local tradition – discounted by most historians – holds that he wrote the hymn after seeking shelter under a large rock at
825:
675:
932:
369:
Toplady's first salvo into the world of religious controversy came in 1769 when he wrote a book in response to a situation at the
1077:
1009:
998:
278:. In 1768, however, he learned that he had been named to this incumbency because it had been purchased for him; seeing this as
1159:
1114:
566:
381:
criticised as inconsistent with the views of the Church of
England. Toplady then criticised Nowell's position in his book
118:
86:
444:
fingers. I read his title-page, and troubled myself no farther. I leave him to Mr Sellon. He cannot be in better hands."
1184:
1174:
396:(1562), one of the works which had convinced Toplady to become a Calvinist in 1758. Toplady entitled his translation
163:
Shortly thereafter, in August 1755, the 15-year-old
Toplady attended a sermon preached by James Morris, a follower of
1119:
988:
405:
133:
611:
601:
591:
581:
571:
559:
549:
539:
529:
511:
501:
491:
421:
214:
349:, Joseph Seiss, and James Macauley developed the arguments in more detail in the context of the debates about
482:
477:
385:, which argued that Calvinism, not Arminianism, was the position historically held by the Church of England.
315:
Sketch of
Natural History, with a few particulars on Birds, Meteors, Sagacity of Brutes, and the solar system
971:
374:
210:
194:
157:
122:
515:
330:
911:
A Letter to the Rev Mr John Wesley; Relative to His Pretended Abridgement of Zanchius on Predestination
909:
437:
A Letter to the Rev Mr John Wesley; Relative to His Pretended Abridgement of Zanchius on Predestination
720:
1149:
1144:
370:
110:
641:
346:
260:
1086:
858:
305:, whom he first met in 1773, and with whom he spent a large amount of time in the years 1773–77.
302:
263:
for a little over a year (1764–65). He then returned to stay with friends in London for 1765–66.
145:
987:
1044:
821:
796:
671:
256:
218:
190:
172:
70:
1053:
1014:
850:
245:
34:
1103:
918:
334:
198:
341:, and throughout the nineteenth century other Christian writers such as Joseph Hamilton,
293:
Toplady never married, though he did maintain friendships with two women. The first was
1092:
940:
882:, translated by Toplady, with a letter to John Wesley appended – via Google books
350:
106:
1138:
966:
877:
632:
519:
417:
378:
354:
326:
114:
862:
460:
413:
409:
342:
287:
249:
230:
126:
101:, Surrey, England in November 1740. His father, Richard Toplady, was probably from
1109:
1026:
970:
428:
predestination in 1769 and published, in turn, an abridgment of that work titled
1040:
841:
Preece, Rod (2003), "Darwinism, Christianity and the Great Vivisection Debate",
741:
Works of Augustus Toplady (Sprinkle Publications, Harrisonburg, VA , 1987) p. 34
358:
338:
271:
164:
141:
140:
from 1711 until his death in 1736. Catherine and her son moved from Farnham to
102:
82:
74:
1082:
1018:
156:
In 1755, Catherine and Augustus moved to Ireland, and Augustus was enrolled in
21:
1073:
993:
622:
452:
Toplady spent his last three years mainly in London, preaching regularly in a
78:
626:
132:
Toplady's mother, Catherine, was the daughter of Richard Bate, who was the
854:
695:
The abridgement was not included in Wesley's "Collected Works" until 1872.
259:
in 1764, Toplady returned to London briefly, and then served as curate of
1129:
1062:
453:
389:
267:
234:
981:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 50.
226:
137:
98:
402:
The Historic Proof of the Doctrinal Calvinism of the Church of England
279:
222:
1058:
793:
Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England 1500–1800
323:
Whether unnecessary cruelty to the brute creation is not criminal?
283:
275:
20:
383:
The Church of England Vindicated from the Charge of Arminianism
125:(1739–42), during the course of which he died, most likely of
61:
1124:
1007:
Pollard, Arthur. "Toplady, Augustus Montague (1740–1778)".
879:
The Doctrine of Absolute Predestination Stated and Asserted
430:
The Doctrine of Absolute Predestination Stated and Asserted
398:
The Doctrine of Absolute Predestination Stated and Asserted
52:
43:
69:(4 November 1740 – 11 August 1778) was an
282:, he chose to exchange the incumbency for the post of
1110:
The story behind "Rock of Ages" and a brief biography
55:
779:, London: J Chidley, pp. 409–16, 443–46, 518–39
167:, in a barn in Codymain, co. Wexford (though in his
58:
49:
46:
40:
129:, leaving Augustus' mother to raise the boy alone.
85:. He is best remembered as the author of the hymn
37:
1120:Site with several of Toplady's controversial works
248:, a magnificent ravine close to Blagdon, during a
388:1769 also saw Toplady publish his translation of
1106: (archived 29 September 2007) by J. C. Ryle
1093:Psalms and Hymns for Public and Private Worship
404:, a massive study which traced the doctrine of
321:, and in a public debate delivered a speech on
1002:. Vol. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1155:18th-century Calvinist and Reformed ministers
465:Whitefield's Tabernacle, Tottenham Court Road
8:
1013:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
818:Animals and Christianity: A Book of Readings
670:(Harrisonburg: Sprinkle Publications, 1987)
435:Toplady published a response in the form of
182:In 1759, Toplady published his first book,
121:(1741), the most significant battle of the
1125:Site with a detailed Toplady bibliography
816:Linzey, Andrew; Regan, Tom, eds. (1989),
1170:English Calvinist and Reformed ministers
546:O thou, that hear'st the prayer of faith
377:because of their Calvinist views, which
1010:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
708:
688:
659:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
373:. Six students had been expelled from
295:Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon
109:in Ireland. Richard Toplady became a
656:Pollard, Arthur, "Augustus Toplady",
588:What, though my frail eye-lids refuse
463:on 11 August 1778. He was buried at
7:
394:Confession of the Christian Religion
266:In May 1766, he became incumbent of
16:British hymn writer, Anglican cleric
578:Surely Christ thy griefs hath borne
488:Compared with Christ, in all beside
365:Calvinist controversialist: 1769–78
1165:Calvinist and Reformed hymnwriters
1115:Hymns by Augustus Montague Toplady
1050:Works by or about Augustus Toplady
989:"Toplady, Augustus Montague"
972:"Toplady, Augustus Montague"
299:Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion
217:, ordained Toplady as an Anglican
93:Background and early life, 1740–55
14:
1180:English nonconformist hymnwriters
719:. Banner of Truth. Archived from
556:Praise the Lord, who reigns above
1078:Post-Reformation Digital Library
1066:
999:Dictionary of National Biography
625:
152:Trinity College, Dublin: 1755–60
33:
1130:Lyrics and music in MIDI format
843:Journal of the History of Ideas
608:Your harps, ye trembling saints
598:When langour and disease invade
532:(1776) (? A. M. Topladys text)
508:Holy Ghost, dispel our sadness
240:Toplady wrote his famous hymn
1:
986:Bennett, Henry Leigh (1899).
536:Inspirer and hearer of prayer
526:How happy are the souls above
319:A Short Essay on Original Sin
119:Battle of Cartagena de Indias
97:Augustus Toplady was born in
1027:UK public library membership
645:which Toplady edited 1775–76
1065:(public domain audiobooks)
775:Toplady, Augustus (1837) ,
498:Deathless spirit, now arise
1201:
1096:by Augustus Toplady (1776)
894:Ella, George (2000), "8",
755:, vol. 1, p. 189
567:Rock of ages, cleft for me
1074:Works by Augustus Toplady
1059:Works by Augustus Toplady
1041:Works by Augustus Toplady
612:The Church Hymn book 1872
602:The Church Hymn book 1872
592:The Church Hymn book 1872
582:The Church Hymn book 1872
572:The Church Hymn book 1872
560:The Church Hymn book 1872
550:The Church Hymn book 1872
540:The Church Hymn book 1872
530:The Church Hymn book 1872
518:'s translation (1725) of
512:The Church Hymn book 1872
502:The Church Hymn book 1872
492:The Church Hymn book 1872
309:Animals and Natural World
30:Augustus Montague Toplady
25:Augustus Montague Toplady
1100:Toplady and His Ministry
717:"Sheltering in the Rock"
422:five points of Calvinism
416:. The section about the
215:Bishop of Bath and Wells
205:Church ministry: 1762–78
184:Poems on Sacred Subjects
1083:Bibliographic directory
978:Encyclopædia Britannica
917:6 December 2007 at the
896:A Debtor to Mercy Alone
763:(biography), p. 34
514:(1776). Modernising of
483:The Believers Hymn Book
478:A Debtor To Mercy Alone
408:from the period of the
1160:Animal rights scholars
1019:10.1093/ref:odnb/27555
791:Thomas, Keith (1984),
441:The Consequence Proved
158:Trinity College Dublin
26:
937:This England Magazine
855:10.1353/jhi.2003.0040
516:John Christian Jacobi
343:George Hawkins Pember
297:, the founder of the
24:
371:University of Oxford
255:Upon being ordained
111:commissioned officer
1185:People from Farnham
795:, London: Penguin,
759:Wrights, T (1911),
666:Toplady, Augustus,
642:The Gospel Magazine
347:George N. H. Peters
261:Farleigh Hungerford
148:from 1750 to 1755.
123:War of Jenkins' Ear
1175:English male poets
1087:Project Canterbury
943:on 21 October 2004
876:Zanchi, Girolamo,
668:The Complete Works
303:Catharine Macaulay
274:, two villages in
146:Westminster School
77:. He was a major
27:
1045:Project Gutenberg
1025:(Subscription or
802:978-0-14-014686-8
723:on 22 August 2006
229:, located in the
221:, appointing him
191:George Whitefield
173:effectual calling
1192:
1070:
1069:
1054:Internet Archive
1030:
1022:
1003:
991:
982:
974:
953:
952:
950:
948:
939:. Archived from
931:Bayliss, Peter.
928:
922:
921:(26 March 1770).
907:
901:
899:
891:
885:
883:
873:
867:
865:
838:
832:
830:
820:, London: SPCK,
813:
807:
805:
788:
782:
780:
772:
766:
764:
756:
748:
742:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
713:
696:
693:
662:
635:
630:
629:
459:Toplady died of
454:French Calvinist
246:Burrington Combe
68:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
48:
45:
42:
39:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1135:
1134:
1104:Wayback Machine
1067:
1037:
1024:
1006:
985:
965:
962:
957:
956:
946:
944:
930:
929:
925:
919:Wayback Machine
908:
904:
893:
892:
888:
875:
874:
870:
840:
839:
835:
828:
815:
814:
810:
803:
790:
789:
785:
774:
773:
769:
758:
750:
749:
745:
740:
736:
726:
724:
715:
714:
710:
705:
700:
699:
694:
690:
685:
655:
652:
631:
624:
621:
522:hymn from 1653.
473:
450:
367:
335:Humphry Primatt
311:
207:
199:William Romaine
154:
95:
36:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1097:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1056:
1047:
1036:
1035:External links
1033:
1032:
1031:
1004:
983:
969:, ed. (1911).
967:Chisholm, Hugh
961:
958:
955:
954:
933:"Rock of Ages"
923:
902:
886:
868:
849:(3): 399–419,
833:
826:
808:
801:
783:
767:
743:
734:
707:
706:
704:
701:
698:
697:
687:
686:
684:
681:
680:
679:
664:
651:
648:
647:
646:
637:
636:
620:
617:
616:
615:
605:
595:
585:
575:
563:
553:
543:
533:
523:
520:Paul Gerhardts
505:
495:
485:
472:
469:
449:
446:
406:predestination
375:St Edmund Hall
366:
363:
351:animal welfare
310:
307:
206:
203:
153:
150:
144:. He attended
107:County Wexford
94:
91:
87:"Rock of Ages"
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1197:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
984:
980:
979:
973:
968:
964:
963:
959:
942:
938:
934:
927:
924:
920:
916:
913:
912:
906:
903:
897:
890:
887:
881:
880:
872:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:
834:
829:
827:0-281-04373-6
823:
819:
812:
809:
804:
798:
794:
787:
784:
778:
771:
768:
762:
754:
747:
744:
738:
735:
722:
718:
712:
709:
702:
692:
689:
682:
677:
676:1-59442-078-5
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
654:
653:
649:
644:
643:
639:
638:
634:
633:Poetry portal
628:
623:
618:
613:
609:
606:
603:
599:
596:
593:
589:
586:
583:
579:
576:
573:
569:
568:
564:
561:
557:
554:
551:
547:
544:
541:
537:
534:
531:
527:
524:
521:
517:
513:
509:
506:
503:
499:
496:
493:
489:
486:
484:
480:
479:
475:
474:
470:
468:
466:
462:
457:
455:
447:
445:
442:
438:
433:
431:
425:
423:
419:
418:Synod of Dort
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
379:Thomas Nowell
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
356:
355:animal rights
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Joseph Butler
324:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:Edward Willes
204:
202:
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
180:
176:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
151:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:Royal Marines
112:
108:
104:
100:
92:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
66:
31:
23:
19:
1091:
1008:
997:
976:
945:. Retrieved
941:the original
936:
926:
910:
905:
895:
889:
878:
871:
846:
842:
836:
817:
811:
792:
786:
776:
770:
760:
752:
746:
737:
725:. Retrieved
721:the original
711:
691:
667:
657:
650:Bibliography
640:
607:
597:
587:
577:
565:
555:
545:
535:
525:
507:
497:
487:
476:
461:tuberculosis
458:
451:
440:
436:
434:
429:
426:
414:William Laud
410:Early Church
401:
397:
393:
387:
382:
368:
331:Richard Dean
322:
318:
314:
312:
292:
288:Broadhembury
265:
254:
250:thunderstorm
242:Rock of Ages
241:
239:
231:Mendip Hills
208:
188:
183:
181:
177:
169:Dying Avowal
168:
162:
155:
131:
127:yellow fever
96:
81:opponent of
29:
28:
18:
1150:1778 deaths
1145:1740 births
994:Lee, Sidney
898:(biography)
600:n. 1032 in
528:n. 1434 in
500:n. 1381 in
412:through to
359:vivisection
339:John Wesley
272:Venn Ottery
165:John Wesley
142:Westminster
103:Enniscorthy
83:John Wesley
75:hymn writer
73:cleric and
1139:Categories
1029:required.)
703:References
610:n. 861 in
580:n. 443 in
570:n. 697 in
558:n. 160 in
548:n. 642 in
490:n. 760 in
448:Last years
175:from God.
777:The Works
751:Toplady,
590:n. 29 in
538:n. 30 in
510:n. 80 in
209:In 1762,
195:John Gill
134:incumbent
79:Calvinist
1063:LibriVox
915:Archived
863:45323048
619:See also
481:n. 7 in
390:Zanchius
268:Harpford
235:Somerset
71:Anglican
1102:at the
1052:at the
996:(ed.).
960:Sources
761:Toplady
727:28 July
227:Blagdon
138:Chilham
113:in the
99:Farnham
1023:
947:3 July
861:
824:
799:
674:
614:(1772)
604:(1778)
594:(1774)
584:(1759)
574:(1776)
562:(1759)
552:(1176)
542:(1774)
504:(1776)
494:(1772)
280:simony
257:priest
223:curate
219:deacon
213:, the
197:, and
1085:from
992:. In
859:S2CID
757:, at
753:Works
683:Notes
471:Hymns
284:vicar
276:Devon
949:2016
822:ISBN
797:ISBN
729:2006
672:ISBN
357:and
337:and
270:and
1076:at
1061:at
1043:at
1015:doi
851:doi
392:'s
286:of
233:of
225:of
136:of
1141::
975:.
935:.
857:,
847:63
845:,
467:.
424:.
361:.
353:,
345:,
333:,
329:,
252:.
237:.
193:,
186:.
160:.
105:,
62:iː
1021:.
1017::
951:.
900:.
884:.
866:.
853::
831:.
806:.
781:.
765:.
731:.
678:.
663:.
65:/
59:d
56:ˌ
53:ə
50:l
47:p
44:ɒ
41:t
38:ˈ
35:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
