559:(a branched, threadlike structure). Rhizoids grow down from the protonema and penetrate the substrate. Stems arise from buds that develop on the protonema surface. As stems grow, they develop their own rhizoids and become independent of the protonema. Mature male and female stems develop antheridia and archegonia, which produce sperm and eggs, respectively. Ribbed bog moss antheridia do not develop synchronously on the same stem. Mature and immature antheridia are intermixed on individual male shoots; therefore, sperm cells on the same stem do not all develop at the same time. However, sperm cells within a single antheridium have synchronous development. Fertilization requires a moist or saturated environment. Before fertilization, the antheridium absorbs water and swells, forcing the spore cap off. Rain may splash sperm into the archegonium, or sperm may swim to the archegonium.
486:, respectively, at their tips. Approximately the top 0.6 inch (1.5 cm) of both vegetative and reproductive stems is alive; lower stem tissue is usually dead. Ribbed bog moss leaves are bright yellowish-green to green; their bright color sometimes gives ribbed bog moss an incandescent appearance ("glow moss"). Bright leaves that contrast starkly with the reddish-brown stems typically make ribbed bog moss the most conspicuous species in moss assemblages. The leaves are lanceolate in shape and often tomentose, becoming twisted and brown when dry. They range from 3 to 5 mm long. Ribbed bog moss anchors to the substrate with
814:, but is most common on strongly acidic peatlands (water pH <5.5) with moderate calcium and magnesium levels (<200 μS/cm**). Ribbed bog moss also grows in moderate-rich fens with higher pH and electrical conductivity values. In a peat-core study in central Alberta, macrofossil ribbed bog moss was an indicator species of moderate-rich fens; ribbed bog moss occurred most often on mires that were moderately acidic (x pH=6.0) and had low electrical conductivity (x=125 μS/cm) and moderately high water tables (x= 8.7 inches (22 cm) deep). In a study of alpine mires in
727:
Canada. On northern peatlands, the peat layer generally ranges from 38 to 102 inches (15–40 cm) thick, and organic content of the soil layer is high. Studies on peatlands in Quebec showed ribbed bog moss "preferred sites with high organic matter depth" (P<0.01). Ribbed bog moss grows on organic surface layers overlying varying soil textures. Ribbed bog moss also grows on burned substrates including ash, mineral soil, scorched organic soil, scorched peat, and scorched downed woody debris.
921:, or cold-humid climates. It is more common in arctic, subarctic, and boreal than subboreal zones. A survey of bryophytes on peatlands across Alberta's Mackenzie River basin found optimal ribbed bog moss growth occurred on sites with annual temperatures ranging from 20 to 32 °F (-4 to 0 °C). In interior arctic, subarctic, and boreal zones, climate is strongly continental in the west, becoming more humid to the east. Climate shift from continental to humid generally occurs near
929:. In a study of moss habitats across British Columbia, Alberta, and Manitoba, ribbed bog moss was an indicator species for continentality of climate: it was the only moss common to all continental peatlands surveyed. On sites from coastal British Columbia to central Alberta, ribbed bog moss was most common on subcontinental sites (intermediate between coastal and continental climates). Ribbed bog moss was intermediate on gradients ranking breadth of moss habitat
46:
937:(Hylocomiaceae) and sphagnum mosses generally had wider niches and dominated more sites than ribbed bog moss. Ribbed bog moss's rarity on all but cold sites in the lower 48 states suggests that ribbed bog moss does not tolerate long periods of warm weather. In a geothermal meadow on Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, ribbed bog moss was absent from sites where nearby thermal pools raised local soil temperatures above 86 °F (30 °C).
818:, ribbed bog moss was intermediate in mire pH and mineral content compared to associated nonvascular and vascular plant species, occurring on both poor and rich mires. All associated mosses had narrower pH and mineral tolerances than ribbed bog moss. Gignac provides information on ribbed bog moss habitats in British Columbia and Alberta including ranges in pH, electrical conductivity, relative depth to the water table, and relative overstory cover.
881:, affects wetland drainage and partially controls rates of transition from open water to bog. Ribbed bog moss is common on hummocks, which tend to dry out faster than adjacent lowlands. In British Columbia and Alberta, ribbed bog moss often dominates hummock tops that are surrounded by sphagnum peatlands. Although ribbed bog moss generally attains greatest coverage on hummock tops, it sometimes forms lawns and strings in low areas. In
33:
786:) needles, sand, and sphagnum peat substrates. To test particle-size microsite preferences on peat substrates, the peat was broken into various fragment sizes from minute to large (<0.25 inch to >2 inches (0.63–5 cm)). Ribbed bog moss grew on peat of all particle sizes but was most frequent on small (0.5-1 inch (1.25-2.5 cm)) peat particles.
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valuable addition to restoration projects. Foote classified ribbed bog moss communities along the
Alaskan Highway in Yukon as having "high site sensitivity", with moderate potential for erosion. Black spruce/ribbed bog moss communities on the Alaskan Pipeline are rated "sensitive to highly sensitive" to erosion and disturbance.
904:
There are few reports of ribbed bog moss's elevational tolerances. Ribbed bog moss is reported from 1,600 to 5,700 feet (500-1,750 m) in west-central
Alberta and at 827 feet (252 m) in Kosciucko County, Indiana. In subalpine and alpine communities of the North Cascade Range in Washington and British
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and moist hummock edges, both of which have low nitrogen levels but probably provide moisture levels that favor ribbed bog moss. In a laboratory experiment, nitrogen fertilizer initially slowed ribbed bog moss growth rate, but growth rates of ribbed bog moss with and without nitrogen were similar at
718:. Ribbed bog moss occupies both dry and wet sites on the Boreal Ecosystem Research and Monitoring Sites study area. It dominates relatively dry, shaded microsites in the area; the water table is 20 to 26 inches (50–65 cm) below ground, and there is 30% to 60% black spruce and/or tamarack cover.
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Ribbed bog moss may germinate from spores stored in the substrate, but banked spores are probably less important to ribbed bog moss regeneration than freshly dispersed spores. Ross-Davis and Frego found that annual dispersal deposited a far greater number of moss spores on boreal substrates compared
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of water, peat, and/or soil is usually acidic to neutral in mires with ribbed bog moss, although ribbed bog moss tolerates mildly alkaline conditions. For example, ribbed bog moss grows in extremely acidic peatlands overlying permafrost in spruce taiga of Alaska but also grows in calcareous bogs in
730:
Ribbed bog moss grows on peat and other organic soil layers more often than on downed bark or wood, but is reported growing on woody debris or other dead wood in a few locations. In northern
British Columbia, ribbed bog moss substrates included disturbed forest floors, logs, and stumps at 44%, 13%,
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Chunks from ribbed bog moss lawns can be transplanted onto disturbed sites. In
Minnesota, moss plugs used in restoration projects on old peat mines are harvested from nearby unmined sites in spring, before the ground thaws. Although ribbed bog moss is not often used for restoration, it could be a
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year (2003). Mean annual growth rate in a wet year (2004) was 2.7 mm. Ribbed bog moss was sensitive to saturated conditions in the wet year; stem lengths were greatest on relatively drier microsites, and ribbed bog moss growth rate increased slightly with increasing depth to the water table.
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grow out of archegonia. The sporophyte consists of a foot that anchors the sporophyte to the archegonia, a stalk, and a spore capsule. Ribbed bog moss stalks are vertically straight and about 1.8 inches (4.5 cm) long. Ribbed bog moss is named for its distinct spore capsule, which is strongly
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Ribbed bog moss is primarily a groundlayer species, but it does not require a particular substrate to establish and grow. It is most common on peat but also grows on thinner organic soils and other substrates. Ribbed bog moss frequently grows on peat overlying permafrost in Alaska and northern
616:. Ribbed bog moss establishes readily when chunks of ribbed bog moss shoots are moved to new sites by soil movement or transplanting. Ribbed bog moss is apparently competitive in its ability to establish from stem chunks. In a laboratory experiment, ribbed bog moss that was collected from an
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is the first growth stage of a developing gametophyte. When the spore capsule matures, ribbed bog moss's calyptra splits along the side, exposing spores. Release of the exposed spores requires dry weather and is governed by a row of "teeth" that ring the capsule's top. The capsule teeth are
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of wet to very wet soils in Canada. In northern
British Columbia, ribbed bog moss is an indicator species of undisturbed wet conifer sites. The white spruce/field horsetail/ribbed bog moss association occurs on the wettest white spruce forests in subboreal British Columbia; the
1095:
Foote, M. Joan. 1983. Classification, description, and dynamics of plant communities after fire in the taiga of interior Alaska. Res. Pap. PNW-307. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 108
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and are easily visible. Stems are erect and spreading in habit, forming clumps or lawns. They range from 1 to 4 inches (3–9 cm) long; most stems are vegetative but some bear reproductive organs. Short vegetative stems may end in a stalk-bearing clusters of
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Birds Hill
Provincial Park. In Minnesota, ribbed bog moss is reported from bogs ranging from 5.0 to 7.3 in pH. A survey of bryophytes on peatlands across Alberta's Mackenzie River basin found ribbed bog moss was abundant on sites ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 in pH.
810:) to extreme-rich (neutral to alkaline and high in calcium and magnesium). Fens are richer than bogs. Ribbed bog moss occurs in poor and rich mires. On mires across British Columbia and Alberta, ribbed bog moss grows in mires with broad ranges of water pH and
707:. Ribbed bog moss did not grow on dry sites, although drained microsites may favor ribbed bog moss growth on otherwise saturated substrates. Ribbed bog moss does not tolerate salt spray, which prevents its establishment on coastal dunelands.
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Ribbed bog moss provides few known direct benefits to wildlife or livestock. Mosses in general are low in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats compared to vascular plants, and animals seldom graze them. Caribou may eat mosses when little other
885:, tufted bulrush-mountain fly honeysuckle/ribbed bog moss associations occur on low strings of consolidated peat and on elevated peatlands. The low strings lie 38 to 76 inches (15–30 cm) above the water table and lack erosion patterns.
267:. Moss assemblages are typically diverse in northern (arctic, subarctic, and boreal) plant communities, and individual moss species often have low cover and/or frequency. Moss species with coverages of 2% to 4% can be common to
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peatland, shredded, and placed on a peat substrate showed greatest frequency (100%) of 4 moss species so treated. Ribbed bog moss also showed fastest growth relative to the other mosses throughout the 125-day experiment.
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and taiga areas where ribbed bog moss grows are generally flat to gently sloped, but local relief creates drainage patterns that often result in distinct moss assemblages. Site geology, including
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Ribbed bog moss is not confined to wet sites in all areas. Some forests with ribbed bog moss dry in late summer, and ribbed bog moss grows on relatively xeric hummock mounds on bogs in
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ribbed bog moss spores long distances by shaking the capsule. When air is moist, the teeth bend inward, holding the spores within the capsule. The spores require a moist substrate to
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Ribbed bog moss generally grows on wetlands including fens, bogs, marshes, pond margins, streambanks, wet meadows, and riparian shrublands. In subalpine fir forests of central
762:. Ribbed bog moss vegetative propagules were sown with propagules of 6 other mosses to test substrate preferences. After 1 year, ribbed bog moss abundance was similar on
498:. A network of capillary spaces between stems and rhizoids enhances water uptake; ribbed bog moss usually absorbs water more efficiently than associated sphagnum mosses.
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Field observations and laboratory experiments suggest that ribbed bog moss has broad tolerance and may be relatively insensitive to macronutrient concentrations. On the
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Northern mires provide habitat for a variety of invertebrates including worms, crustaceans, arachnids, and insects, particularly mosquitoes, midges, and other flies.
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645:) crowded out 3 other moss species. Dry climate slows or stops ribbed bog moss growth. On the Boreal Ecosystem Research and Monitoring Sites study area in
1051:"Subboreal" refers to areas in southern Canada, the Great Lakes states, and the Northeast that were once underlain with permafrost that has since melted.
959:, Alberta, aerial photos identified areas dominated by ribbed bog moss, bog Labrador tea, and/or Bebb willow as indicators of nonnesting habitat for
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478:. Ribbed bog moss is heterothallic, with male and female reproductive organs borne on separate reproductive shoots. Male and female stems develop
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239:. Documentation of ribbed bog moss's distribution in the contiguous United States is probably incomplete. It is reported sporadically south to
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from specialized gametophyte tissues and from plant breakage. It reproduces frequently from gemmae. Ribbed bog moss may also regenerate when
933:. Climate factors evaluated included length of growing season, amount of precipitation during the growing season, temperature, and aridity.
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Ross-Davis, Amy L. and
Katherine A. Frego. 2004. Propagule sources of forest floor bryophytes: spatiotemporal compositional patterns.
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Ribbed bog moss's sporophyte generation develops from the fertilized egg. Eggs are fertilized within the archegonium. The sporophyte
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437:, wet and dry coniferous forest, and open peatland communities. In a survey of alpine and unforested subalpine communities of the
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Ribbed bog moss grows in open and forested wetland communities. In unforested northern communities, ribbed bog moss is found in
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Columbia, ribbed bog moss occurs on high-elevation (>7,380 feet (2,250 m)) sites that remain snow-free most of the year.
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Ribbed bog moss growth is robust. It showed a "tall and dense growth habit" in a greenhouse common garden; ribbed bog moss,
1006:. British Bryological Society Special Volume. Vol. 5 (4 ed.). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society.
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Less is known of ribbed bog moss associations south and east of
Minnesota, although ribbed bog moss has been noted in some
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608:(minute filaments arising from ribbed bog moss's antheridia) detach. In the laboratory, 12.5% of detached ribbed bog moss
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is available. Wildlife seeking cover probably avoid open areas dominated by ribbed bog moss or other low vegetation. In
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basin. Ribbed bog moss tolerates a wide range of moisture levels, substrates, nutrient loads, terrain, and climates.
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682:, ribbed bog moss occurs on seeps and springs that remain moist throughout the fire season. Ribbed bog moss is an
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in boreal communities, although ribbed bog moss attains coverages as great as 40% in some boreal communities.
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896:, the white spruce/ribbed bog moss forest community occurs on poorly drained east- and north-facing slopes.
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Little, S. 1951. Observations on the minor vegetation of the pine barren swamps in southern New Jersey.
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grows rapidly, differentiating into foot, stalk, and capsule tissue. Spores develop within the capsule.
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forests of interior Alaska and Canada, forming characteristic strata in nearly every taiga forest type.
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levels on the bird islands are very high. On
Spitsbergen Island, however, ribbed bog moss grows on dry
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and 3% frequencies, respectively. Ribbed bog moss was found on downed woody debris in a mixed quaking
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461:: the gametophyte (n) and sporophyte (2n) generations. Each generation is morphologically distinct.
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spp.)-dominated fens. In forests, ribbed bog moss grows in the ground layer of boreal and subboreal
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Mires are classified on pH and mineral gradients from extreme-poor (very strongly acid and low in
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Ribbed bog moss occurs in arctic, subarctic, boreal, and subboreal zones with cold meso-thermal,
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Ribbed bog moss is listed as an indicator species of nitrogen-medium soils in British Columbia.
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1123:, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (2008). Accessed June 29, 2008.
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1060:"boreal" refers to northern coniferous forests where permafrost occurs only sporadically.
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Ribbed bog moss is a habitat generalist. It was, for example, 1 of 6 mosses having broad
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747:) forest in east-central Alberta and on stumps in a mixed-hardwood forest in
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ribbed, cylindrical, and about 4 mm long. The capsule is capped with a
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spp.) forests of Alaska and northwestern Canada. Mosses are abundant in
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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in a survey of bryophyte habitats on peatlands across Alberta's
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in Washington and British Columbia, ribbed bog moss occurred in
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842:, and other migratory birds nest offshore of the main island,
751:. Ribbed bog moss rarely grows on standing live or dead wood.
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is near the soil surface for most of the growing season. In a
649:, ribbed bog moss had a negative mean annual growth rate in a
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1034:"Arctic" refers to treeless areas underlain with continuous
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Ribbed bog moss stems comprise most of ribbed bog moss's
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Ribbed bog moss showed broad substrate tolerances in a
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Populus tremuloides-Betula papyrifera-Abies balsamifera
877:, bedrock composition, catchment hydrology, and basin
834:, ribbed bog moss grows on small "bird islands" where
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states and southern Canada. Ribbed bog moss grows on
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263:Ribbed bog moss is frequent in arctic to subboreal
568:to the number of spores buried in the spore bank.
401:. Ribbed bog moss is also common in jack pine,
211:. In North America, it occurs across southern
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980:Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites
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20:
973:, used ribbed bog moss as nest material.
969:at the Mountain Lake Biological Station,
859:had no effect on ribbed bog moss growth.
409:spp.), and mixed-hardwood forests of the
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534:Gametophyte dispersal and establishment
377:communities. Ribbed bog moss grows in
1071:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
555:. A germinated spore develops into a
7:
1553:d5525896-0aad-4f58-9e1e-6766b9db8f0a
1385:f01c0eac-2af1-4431-971d-ab028140fe50
1004:English Names for British Bryophytes
946:Importance to wildlife and livestock
259:Habitat types and plant communities
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855:the end of 125 days. Addition of
453:General botanical characteristics
449:, heath, and willow communities.
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1117:Fire Effects Information System
457:Mosses have 2 phases in their
191:in distribution. It occurs in
1:
790:Water and substrate chemistry
778:) litter, dead shrub litter,
522:Ribbed bog moss regenerates
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1625:Bryophyta of North America
957:Wood Buffalo National Park
712:Birds Hill Provincial Park
429:ribbed bog moss occurs in
1002:Edwards, Sean R. (2012).
373:and/or hardwood bog, and
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41:Scientific classification
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1620:Bryophyta of New Zealand
812:electrical conductivity
703:(31-66%) due to nearby
635:Polytrichum juniperinum
596:Vegetative regeneration
584:Sporophyte development
518:Regeneration processes
395:Chamaecyparis thyoides
631:juniper hair cap moss
397:) swamps of southern
387:Long Island, New York
350:and in boreal spruce-
1178:Aulacomnium palustre
1148:Aulacomnium palustre
1112:Aulacomnium palustre
890:Kluane National Park
828:Svalbard archipelago
772:European white birch
758:common pot study in
664:ecological amplitude
658:Site characteristics
602:reproduces asexually
172:Aulacomnium palustre
150:Aulacomnium palustre
25:Aulacomnium palustre
1640:Flora of Hispaniola
1121:U.S. Forest Service
576:Ribbed bog moss is
439:North Cascade Range
1645:Flora of Venezuela
639:papillose sphagnum
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1406:Open Tree of Life
1140:Taxon identifiers
1073:. 78(2): 153-160.
1013:978-0-9561310-2-7
684:indicator species
427:Pacific Northwest
415:tallgrass prairie
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1152:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1086:107(1): 88-97.
1075:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1027:
1012:
993:
992:
990:
987:
981:
978:
947:
944:
942:
939:
935:Feather mosses
910:
907:
901:
898:
867:
864:
823:
820:
791:
788:
776:Betula pendula
723:
720:
675:
672:
659:
656:
626:
623:
597:
594:
585:
582:
573:
570:
564:
561:
535:
532:
519:
516:
503:
500:
466:
463:
454:
451:
328:Larix laricina
294:, heath-sedge
260:
257:
166:
165:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
108:Aulacomniaceae
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
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81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
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28:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1657:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Flora of Asia
1633:
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1628:
1626:
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1127:public domain
1122:
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945:
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927:Lake Superior
924:
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746:
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728:
721:
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713:
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705:thermal pools
702:
698:
694:
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681:
673:
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669:
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643:S. papillosum
640:
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624:
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619:
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611:
607:
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595:
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591:
583:
581:
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571:
569:
563:Spore banking
562:
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546:
541:
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223:regions from
222:
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193:North America
190:
186:
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178:
174:
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159:
153:
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145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
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116:
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109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:Rhizogoniales
96:
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63:
62:
59:
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53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1566:tro-35170668
1474:
1424:tro-35179366
1147:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1030:
1003:
997:
983:
975:
965:
949:
912:
903:
887:
869:
861:
840:Arctic terns
825:
801:
793:
783:
775:
767:
753:
744:
729:
725:
709:
677:
661:
647:Saskatchewan
642:
634:
628:
599:
587:
575:
566:
537:
528:vegetatively
521:
505:
468:
465:Gametophytes
456:
406:
394:
385:) swamps of
382:
364:
355:
335:
327:
319:
316:black spruce
312:Picea glauca
311:
308:white spruce
303:
287:
279:
273:
262:
189:cosmopolitan
180:
176:
171:
170:
169:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
24:
18:
1525:iNaturalist
1344:NatureServe
1305:iNaturalist
1172:Wikispecies
919:continental
844:Spitsbergen
737:paper birch
697:Haida Gwaii
689:water table
545:hygroscopic
507:Sporophytes
502:Sporophytes
411:Great Lakes
391:white-cedar
383:Acer rubrum
342:of Alaska,
338:) fens and
209:New Zealand
119:Aulacomnium
1609:Categories
1561:Plant List
1419:Plant List
1104:References
1036:permafrost
923:Hudson Bay
879:bathymetry
875:topography
857:phosphorus
780:Scots pine
770:) litter,
756:greenhouse
741:balsam fir
722:Substrates
695:meadow in
693:geothermal
614:propagules
610:paraphyses
606:paraphyses
484:archegonia
480:antheridia
459:life cycle
399:New Jersey
371:coniferous
320:P. mariana
241:Washington
197:Hispaniola
84:Subclass:
64:Division:
1490:Q17267039
1284:200001541
1212:moss-8668
1040:subarctic
1022:0268-8034
900:Elevation
866:Landscape
822:Nutrients
808:magnesium
749:Wisconsin
578:dioecious
557:protonema
553:germinate
549:disperses
443:graminoid
435:subalpine
425:. In the
379:red maple
375:grassland
344:Minnesota
332:jack pine
292:peatlands
233:Greenland
217:subboreal
201:Venezuela
126:Species:
78:Bryopsida
68:Bryophyta
54:Kingdom:
1579:35170668
1574:Tropicos
1484:Wikidata
1450:35179366
1445:Tropicos
1349:2.125749
1323:10344733
1219:BioLib:
1157:Wikidata
971:Virginia
883:Labrador
852:hummocks
848:Nitrogen
760:Scotland
716:Manitoba
701:humidity
524:sexually
512:calyptra
488:rhizoids
423:Arkansas
324:tamarack
288:Sphagnum
284:sphagnum
269:dominant
265:wetlands
253:Virginia
162:Schwägr.
104:Family:
1543:1135689
1517:8207011
1297:2675979
1163:Q140309
915:oceanic
909:Climate
804:calcium
764:heather
651:drought
637:), and
618:Alberta
492:osmosis
471:biomass
407:Populus
330:), and
249:Georgia
245:Wyoming
205:Eurasia
183:, is a
114:Genus:
94:Order:
88:Bryidae
74:Class:
58:Plantae
1550:NZOR:
1530:380892
1504:212132
1437:AUPA70
1432:PLANTS
1411:168231
1382:NZOR:
1375:171833
1336:547555
1310:154189
1271:aulpal
1268:FEIS:
1261:198019
1248:928677
1209:APSA:
1202:122165
1186:AoFP:
1020:
1010:
953:forage
931:niches
871:Tundra
836:eiders
832:Norway
625:Growth
590:embryo
476:gemmae
431:alpine
419:Kansas
356:Betula
348:Canada
346:, and
300:willow
298:, and
290:spp.)
251:, and
237:Quebec
225:Alaska
221:boreal
219:, and
213:arctic
207:, and
175:, the
1398:17258
1318:IRMNG
1256:EUNIS
1222:90623
989:Notes
894:Yukon
816:Italy
733:aspen
680:Idaho
540:spore
403:aspen
367:swamp
360:taiga
352:birch
304:Salix
280:Carex
276:sedge
158:Hedw.
1538:ITIS
1512:GBIF
1499:APNI
1370:NCBI
1331:ITIS
1292:GBIF
1235:JQZ9
1197:APNI
1189:4459
1018:ISSN
1008:ISBN
941:Uses
925:and
806:and
794:The
526:and
494:and
482:and
447:forb
421:and
340:bogs
296:fens
235:and
227:and
185:moss
1587:WFO
1458:WFO
1357:NBN
1279:FNA
1243:EoL
1230:CoL
1038:; "
888:In
830:in
417:in
314:),
231:to
179:or
1611::
1589::
1576::
1563::
1540::
1527::
1514::
1501::
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1460::
1447::
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1408::
1395::
1372::
1359::
1346::
1333::
1320::
1307::
1294::
1281::
1258::
1245::
1232::
1199::
1174::
1159::
1119:.
1115:.
1096:p.
1016:.
963:.
917:,
892:,
846:.
838:,
796:pH
714:,
580:.
538:A
530:.
514:.
445:,
433:,
369:,
255:.
247:,
243:,
215:,
203:,
199:,
195:,
160:)
1129:.
1024:.
782:(
774:(
766:(
743:(
739:-
735:-
641:(
633:(
405:(
393:(
381:(
354:(
334:(
326:(
318:(
310:(
302:(
286:(
278:(
156:(
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