749:
1029:
547:
738:
812:, while Papineau began to see him as a potential political rival. On one issue, however, Cuvillier was the more radical, calling for indemnities to be paid to elected members of the Legislative Assembly, which would open it up beyond the wealthy landholders, professionals and businessmen. Papineau opposed the proposal as too democratic. In the general election of 1830, Cuvillier stood for election in the constituency of Laprairie, which had been split off from Huntingdon in a re-distribution. He was re-elected.
860:
33:
852:
727:
634:
Cuvillier was acquiring a great deal of knowledge about local and foreign markets, as the auctioneering business involved importing large quantities of dry goods and then selling them in lots to local firms. He developed a network of contacts and an understanding of finance and banking, and also began to develop a reputation amongst colonial merchants. As a result of his involvement in the
British-dominated business world, Cuvillier gradually adopted the
555:
819:. The Resolutions were a detailed critique of the existing constitutional structure of Lower Canada, and a direct challenge to the British government. Papineau was largely responsible for their drafting. They were then adopted by a large majority in the Assembly. Cuvillier was one of only six French-speaking members who opposed the Resolutions and argued in favour of the existing constitutional system. From that point on, he was considered a
393:
647:
involved in the affairs of the
Legislative Assembly, he continued to develop his businesses until by the 1830s he was Montreal's leading auctioneer, including imported manufactured goods, fish, salt, and liquors, as well as selling the inventories of insolvent businesses. He acted as a financial agent and stockbroker, selling shares of Canadian banks. In 1836, he was named as a Montreal representative on the board of the
844:
760:, who were challenging the Governors over provincial finances, using well-established British principles that the elected branch of government should control government finances. They were rebuffed by the governors, who took the view that those principles did not apply in colonial government, and who could count on the support of the appointed
1049:
that the governor should call on the majority party in the
Assembly to form the government. Cuvillier supported Metcalfe in the dispute. When the general election was called in 1844, Cuvillier was defeated in Huntingdon by the Reform candidate. At the age of 61, Cuvillier accepted that his political
878:
Cuvillier rejected the call to arms, and was firmly on the side of the government. He returned to his militia duties. Promoted to the rank of major, Cuvillier was the commander of
Montreal’s 5th Militia Battalion. In 1838, he was one of the founders of the Association Loyale Canadienne du District
779:
who were not necessarily sympathetic to business. Cuvillier worked in the
Assembly for many years to get a legislative charter passed for the Bank of Montreal, to replace the private contract which its shareholders operated under. The statutory charter was eventually passed in 1822. Cuvillier was
1015:
had inherited the more radical group, formerly led by
Papineau, who now was in exile. Although LaFontaine bore a grudge against Cuvillier for having opposed the Ninety-Two Resolutions, he was also trying to unite the French-speaking members to obtain power in the new government for Lower Canada.
646:
and was one of its first directors. He also helped found the
Montreal Fire Insurance Company and became president in 1820, although the firm agreed to a costly takeover by the Quebec Fire Insurance Company in late 1820, after Cuillivier had resigned as president and director. Even though heavily
633:
auctioneer, and eventually took over the business when Symes retired in 1802. He formed a partnership with two other men, Thomas Aylwin and John
Harkness, doing business in both Montreal and Quebec City. However, the business was taken over by their creditors in 1806. In spite of the reverse,
913:
in 1838. He called for the reunion of the two
Canadas into a single province, with the expressed hope that the British populations in Upper Canada and Lower Canada would gradually assimilate the French population in Lower Canada. He also recommended that the British government accept that the
638:
first name Austin, first in
English, and then in French as well. By 1807, he was back in the auction business, although he continued to have financial difficulties from time to time. At one point, his wife opened a business in her own name, which may have been a front for Cuvillier's business,
1024:
members in the Assembly as a francophone himself, opposed to the union and to the bar on using French in the Assembly. Governor General Lord Sydenham, who was initially determined to bring a conciliatory approach to the government, tacitly supported Cuvillier as well. Cuvillier was elected.
1000:
1020:, a Reform member from Upper Canada and one of Papineau's allies, was able to persuade Papineau that Cuvillier was a good choice for Speaker. As a businessman, fluent in English, Cuvillier could appeal to the Tory members in the Assembly. Cuvillier could also appeal to the
1496:
1036:
During the four years of the first Parliament, Cuvillier developed very coridal relations with the succession of governors, who were engaged with the Assembly over the issue of responsible government. Matters came to a head during the governorship of Sir
667:, Cuvillier served with the militia. He initially was a lieutenant with the 5th Select Embodied Militia Battalion of Lower Canada (nicknamed "The Devil's Own"). In 1813, he gathered valuable undercover intelligence about American troops in the
582:, a street with other small shopkeepers and navigators. Cuvillier's father died in 1789, when Cuvillier was around ten years old, casting responsibility on him at a young age. Prior to his death, his father had arranged for Cuvillier to attend
882:
In addition to his military position, Cuvillier was also a Justice of the Peace, a lay judicial officer. In that capacity, he was one of the two Justices of the Peace who signed the requisition authorising the British military to march on
772:, made the arguments based on British political principles. Cuvillier and Neilson were also strong critics of government spending that did not relate strictly to the administration of government, opposing subsidies for public works.
800:
received a favourable response from the British government on the financial issues. Cuvillier reported back that there was general sympathy for the principles of self-government which they had advanced in the British Parliament.
983:
were held in the spring of the year. Cuvillier returned to the political stage. He continued to oppose the union of the two Canadas and stood for election on general opposition to the anticipated policies of Governor-General
787:
representatives, Cuvillier opposed the proposal, instead emphasising the spirit of the "Constitution of 1791", the statute which had created Lower Canada and Upper Canada and created separate parliaments for each province. The
808:. They called for major constitutional reforms, such as making the Legislative Council an elected body, rather than appointed by the Governor. Cuvillier and other more moderate members began to distance themselves from the
675:, but resigned when an officer from a British line regiment was given command rather than an officer of the Chasseurs. As a sideline, he had several commissary contracts. After the war, he was recognised with a medal with a
1065:
In 1969, Cuvillier was designated as a National Historic Person by the federal government, recognising his forty years of public service and his substantial contributions to the business community of Montreal.
831:. In the general election of 1834, Cuvillier was defeated in his own riding. Somewhat disillusioned, he returned to his commercial activities, as well as Montreal municipal affairs, while the members of the
1008:
780:
also one of four commissioners appointed by the Assembly to carry out difficult negotiations with representatives from Upper Canada on how to share the customs revenues between the two provinces.
1491:
530:, His fluent bilingualism enabled him to deal with both the English and the French speaking members of the Assembly in their own language, a tradition which carries on with the Speakers of the
1501:
499:, which tended to oppose the policies of the British-appointed governors. As a result, he served as a bridge between the conservative business community, and the more radical
804:
Even though they had been successful on financial issues, Papineau and his supporters were increasingly expressing more radical views, and beginning to call themselves the
993:
94:
918:
should be applied in the new Province, namely that the Governor should call on the group which had a majority in Parliament to form the executive Cabinet, just as in the
651:, founded in Britain to act as a colonial bank. By 1836, he was president of the city's Committee of Trade, leading the group which secured its incorporation as the
980:
965:
598:
527:
90:
47:
1511:
969:
1461:
652:
985:
748:
1481:
973:
613:. Two of his sons, Maurice and Austin, had significant business interests in banking, transportation and real estate development, as well as trade with
1058:
Following his political career, Cuvillier returned in full force to his business interests, now operating as Cuvillier & Sons, until his death from
879:
de Montréal, which denounced the rebellion as well as proposals for union of the Canadas, and called for political reform under the 1791 Constitution.
618:
337:
1516:
1074:
989:
606:
855:
Warrant signed by Cuvillier and Turton Penn, Justices of the Peace, for the arrest of Wolfred Nelson on a charge of high treason, November 16, 1837
1028:
1486:
775:
Cuvillier's political activities were also helpful for the business community of Lower Canada, as he served as a bridge to the members of the
1506:
1466:
535:
793:
714:
490:
188:
137:
1257:
Robert C.H. Sweeny, "Risky Spaces : The Montreal Fire Insurance Company, 1817-20", in Claude Bellavance and Pierre Lanthier (eds.),
621:, Marie-Claire’s brother and Cuvillier's brother-in-law, also went on to become a member of the Legislative Assembly, elected in 1820.
571:
1476:
769:
208:
1235:
884:
672:
433:
280:
906:
to the Canadas, as Governor General, and with instructions to report back on the causes of the Rebellions and possible responses.
737:
957:
943:
903:
546:
792:
named him as one of their delegates to Britain in 1828, armed with massive petitions and detailed objections against Governor
764:
to defeat measures proposed by the Assembly. Cuvillier provided the detailed financial critiques; the leaders of the party,
1471:
898:
The British and provincial governments were successful in suppressing the Rebellion in Lower Canada, as well as a similar
648:
709:
members of the Legislative Assembly were drawn from the professional classes. In 1809, Cuvillier stood for election for
888:
590:
454:
307:
1434:
Government of Canada —Designations of National Historic Significance: "Cuvillier, Augustin –National Historic Person".
895:, one of the leaders of the Rebellion and a former colleague in the Legislative Assembly, on a charge of high treason.
859:
1210:
1187:
1038:
1225:
1202:
713:, south of Montreal, but was defeated. In 1814, he tried again, and this time was successful, being elected to the
1335:
1012:
531:
409:
710:
676:
602:
594:
341:
783:
In the 1820s, the British government began to entertain proposals to reunite the two Canadas. Like most of the
583:
366:
179:
668:
610:
129:
1179:
931:
915:
899:
868:
816:
726:
512:
438:
345:
1390:
872:
765:
942:), the British government decided to merge the two provinces into a single province, as recommended by
154:
891:, a defeat for the government forces. He also was one of two justices who issued a warrant to arrest
578:
Girard, the eldest of their seven children. His father was a shop-owner on Rue Sous-le-Fort, beneath
489:
businessmen, unusual when most businessmen in Lower Canada were British. He also was a member of the
1456:
1451:
1003:
Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine, who grudgingly accepted Cuvillier as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
851:
761:
586:
in Montreal. Cuvillier enrolled there in 1794, but does not appear to have completed his studies.
82:
961:
796:'s policies. After making their submissions to a committee of the British House of Commons, the
680:
538:
hangs in the Centre Block of the federal Parliament buildings, along with other former speakers.
523:
228:
1418:
1362:
1231:
951:
554:
723:. He was re-elected in the general elections of 1816, 1820 (two elections), 1824, and 1827.
999:
643:
635:
1433:
1127:
671:, where he was known as a merchant. By 1814, he was a captain with the unit, renamed the
1046:
1032:
Governor General Metcalfe, opponent of responsible government, whom Cuvillier supported
1017:
919:
892:
719:
593:
in Montreal. The couple had seven children. One of his daughters, Angélique, married
495:
398:
318:
843:
1445:
947:
910:
558:
Old Notre-Dame, where Cuvillier married Marie-Claire Perrault and where he was buried
1326:(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962; reprinted in paperback 2015), pp. 3–4.
935:
614:
519:
478:
1045:
the Parliament for almost a year rather than accept the demand of LaFontaine and
1042:
664:
579:
567:
482:
450:
428:
276:
432:: 5th Select Embodied Militia Battalion of Lower Canada ("The Devil's Own");
32:
1497:
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East
960:, abolished the two provinces and their separate parliaments, and created the
902:
the same year in Upper Canada. In the aftermath, the British government sent
601:. Another daughter, Luce, had a long-standing extra-marital relationship with
361:
232:
1298:
Les Réformistes: Une génération canadienne-française au milieu du XIX siècle
1365:
Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada, 1841 to 1860
477:(August 20, 1779 – July 11, 1849) was a businessman and political figure in
964:, with a single parliament for the entire province, composed of an elected
518:
After the Rebellion, when the British government united Lower Canada with
1379:
The Union of the Canadas — The Growth of Canadian Institutions, 1841–1857
1311:
The Union of the Canadas — The Growth of Canadian Institutions, 1841–1857
863:
Wolfred Nelson, one of the Patriote leaders in the Lower Canada Rebellion
630:
296:
939:
683:. By 1820, he was a supernumerary captain, with command of a company.
550:
View of Upper and Lower Quebec from the St. Lawrence River, around 1790
1007:
One of the first issues facing the new Assembly was the choice of the
1132:, Volume VII (1836-1850), University of Toronto and Université Laval.
1059:
1011:. Cuvillier and Neilson now found themselves amongst the moderates.
815:
The conflict between Papineau and Cuvillier came to a head over the
752:
Lord Dalhousie, Governor General of British North America, 1820–1828
1027:
998:
875:, began an armed resistance to the British and provincial forces.
858:
850:
842:
747:
736:
725:
553:
545:
48:
1st Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
1128:
Jacques Monet and Gerald J. J. Tulchinsky, "Cuvillier, Austin",
756:
His knowledge of business and finance was very valuable to the
1062:
in 1849. He was buried at Notre-Dame the day after his death.
835:
moved steadily towards taking up arms against the government.
526:, he again played a bridging role as the first Speaker of the
1259:
Les territoires de l'entreprise = The Territories of Business
1207:
Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
1184:
Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
1261:(Sainte-Foy, Québec: Presses de l'Université Laval, 2004).
930:
Following the rebellion in Lower Canada, and the similar
705:
businessmen who was interested in politics. Most of the
629:
Cuvillier was hired by Henry Richard Symes, a wealthy
1285:
Lower Canada 1791–1840: Social Change and Nationalism
1272:
Lower Canada 1791–1840: Social Change and Nationalism
655:. He was also involved in real estate transactions.
597:, a businessman who subsequently was a member of the
1492:
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
642:He played an important role in the founding of the
460:
446:
423:
415:
405:
385:
380:
372:
360:
352:
333:
325:
313:
303:
286:
259:
254:
238:
222:
186:
173:
161:
135:
123:
111:
88:
76:
64:
46:
23:
1502:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
1274:(Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1980), p. 209.
1313:(Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1967), pp. 1–5.
1407:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841–67
1381:(Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1967), p. 49.
1351:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841–67
1324:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841–67
574:, son of Augustin Cuvillier and Angélique Miot,
1367:(Quebec: St. Michel and Darveau, 1860), p. 43.
1230:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 34–35.
191:for Huntingdon county (two-member constituency)
981:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
976:retained a strong position in the government.
911:Report of the Affairs of British North AMerica
887:, the rebel stronghold, which resulted in the
599:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
528:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
91:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
37:Austin Cuivillier, wearing the Speaker's robes
589:In 1802, he married Marie-Claire Perrault at
8:
1300:(Montréal: Éditions du Boréal, 2012), p. 37.
717:representing Huntingdon, as a member of the
992:representing newly constituted district of
1227:George-Etienne Cartier: Montreal Bourgeois
31:
20:
16:Politician in Lower Canada and Canada East
376:Businessman, wholesale auctioneer, banker
1075:1st Parliament of the Province of Canada
990:1st Parliament of the Province of Canada
464:War of 1812 Medal with Châteauguay clasp
1085:
140:for Laprairie (two-member constituency)
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
679:, and a grant of 800 acres of land in
493:for twenty years, as a member for the
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
730:Louis-Joseph Papineau, leader of the
503:, although he finally broke with the
7:
1512:19th-century Canadian businesspeople
1421:Political Appointments and Elections
1393:Political Appointments and Elections
1339:, 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35 (UK), s. 3.
715:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
607:co-premier of the Province of Canada
491:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
202:1814 – 1830 (six elections)
189:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
138:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
741:John Neilson, leading force in the
245:District abolished – redistribution
871:broke out. The Patriotes, led by
697:Member of the Legislative Assembly
14:
1462:Battle of the Châteaugay veterans
1130:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
442:: 5th Montreal Militia Battalion
391:
1517:Pre-Confederation Quebec people
214:Jean-Moïse Raymond (1825–1830)
1:
1487:Directors of Bank of Montreal
701:Cuvillier was one of the few
669:Salmon River area of New York
659:Militia service: War of 1812
649:Bank of British North America
168:New district – redistribution
1507:Politicians from Quebec City
1482:Collège Saint-Raphaël alumni
1467:Businesspeople from Montreal
1200:"Alexandre-Maurice Delisle,
827:("turncoat") by many in the
1211:National Assembly of Quebec
1188:National Assembly of Quebec
1533:
1013:Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine
979:General elections for the
1477:Canadian Militia officers
988:. He was elected to the
839:Rebellion in Lower Canada
595:Alexandre-Maurice Delisle
468:
455:Battle of the Châteauguay
342:Alexandre-Maurice Delisle
250:
195:
144:
100:
53:
42:
30:
1224:Young, Brian J. (1981).
639:avoiding his creditors.
532:federal House of Commons
485:. He was a successful
308:Old Notre-Dame, Montreal
180:Joseph-Narcisse Cardinal
909:Lord Durham issued his
653:Montreal Board of Trade
611:Father of Confederation
130:Benjamin-Henri Le Moine
1033:
1004:
916:responsible government
869:Lower Canada Rebellion
864:
856:
848:
847:The Battle of St-Denis
817:Ninety-Two Resolutions
753:
745:
734:
603:George-Étienne Cartier
559:
551:
513:Lower Canada Rebellion
439:Lower Canada Rebellion
346:Charles-Ovide Perrault
182:and Jean-MoĂŻse Raymond
1031:
1002:
889:Battle of Saint-Denis
873:Louis-Joseph Papineau
862:
854:
846:
766:Louis-Joseph Papineau
751:
740:
729:
584:Collège Saint-Raphaël
557:
549:
542:Early life and family
367:Collège Saint-Raphaël
329:Marie-Claire Perrault
204:Serving with
153:Serving with
1472:Canadian auctioneers
1177:"Austin Cuvillier",
1054:Later life and death
966:Legislative Assembly
591:Notre-Dame cathedral
507:(by then called the
410:Lower Canada militia
970:Legislative Council
762:Legislative Council
681:Litchfield township
673:Chasseurs Canadiens
562:Cuvillier was born
434:Chasseurs Canadiens
340:(brother-in-law);
83:Allan Napier MacNab
1034:
1005:
962:Province of Canada
958:British Parliament
926:Province of Canada
865:
857:
849:
754:
746:
735:
572:Province of Quebec
564:Augustin Cuvillier
560:
552:
524:province of Canada
281:Province of Quebec
264:Augustin Cuvillier
229:Jean-Antoine Panet
209:Michael O'Sullivan
155:Jean-MoĂŻse Raymond
1377:J.M.S. Careless,
1322:Paul G. Cornell,
1309:J.M.S. Careless,
1270:Fernand Ouellet,
1050:career was over.
968:and an appointed
932:rebellion in 1837
711:Huntingdon county
677:Châteauguay clasp
472:
471:
1524:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1360:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1175:
1134:
1125:
1039:Charles Metcalfe
974:Governor General
956:, passed by the
823:("sell-out") or
687:Political career
644:Bank of Montreal
475:Austin Cuvillier
401:
397:
395:
394:
381:Military service
293:
273:
271:
255:Personal details
241:
225:
200:
176:
164:
149:
126:
114:
105:
79:
67:
58:
35:
25:Austin Cuvillier
21:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1428:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1400:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1337:Union Act, 1840
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1178:
1176:
1137:
1126:
1087:
1082:
1072:
1056:
953:Union Act, 1840
928:
841:
699:
694:
689:
661:
627:
625:Business career
619:Joseph Perrault
605:, who became a
544:
511:) prior to the
436:
392:
390:
389:
344:(son-in-law);
338:Joseph Perrault
314:Political party
295:
291:
275:
274:August 20, 1779
269:
267:
266:
265:
239:
223:
218:
217:
201:
196:
174:
162:
157:
150:
145:
124:
112:
106:
101:
77:
65:
59:
54:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1426:
1411:
1398:
1383:
1370:
1355:
1342:
1328:
1315:
1302:
1289:
1276:
1263:
1250:
1236:
1216:
1193:
1135:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1055:
1052:
1047:Robert Baldwin
1018:Francis Hincks
927:
924:
920:United Kingdom
893:Wolfred Nelson
840:
837:
833:Parti patriote
829:Parti patriote
810:Parti patriote
806:Parti patriote
790:Parti canadien
785:Parti canadien
777:Parti canadien
743:Parti canadien
732:Parti canadien
720:Parti canadien
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
660:
657:
626:
623:
543:
540:
515:of 1837–1838.
509:Parti patriote
505:Parti canadien
501:Parti canadien
496:Parti canadien
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
458:
457:
448:
444:
443:
425:
421:
420:
417:
413:
412:
407:
406:Branch/service
403:
402:
387:
383:
382:
378:
377:
374:
370:
369:
364:
358:
357:
354:
350:
349:
335:
331:
330:
327:
323:
322:
319:Parti canadien
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
294:(aged 69)
288:
284:
283:
263:
261:
257:
256:
252:
251:
248:
247:
242:
236:
235:
226:
220:
219:
216:
215:
212:
205:
203:
193:
192:
187:Member of the
184:
183:
177:
171:
170:
165:
159:
158:
152:
142:
141:
136:Member of the
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
98:
97:
89:Member of the
86:
85:
80:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
51:
50:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1529:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1409:, pp. 16, 17.
1408:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:Éric Bédard,
1293:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1239:
1237:9780773503717
1233:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1209:(in French).
1208:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1186:(in French).
1185:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
987:
986:Lord Sydenham
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
949:
948:Durham Report
945:
941:
937:
933:
925:
923:
921:
917:
914:principle of
912:
907:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
880:
876:
874:
870:
867:In 1837, the
861:
853:
845:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
802:
799:
795:
791:
786:
781:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
750:
744:
739:
733:
728:
724:
722:
721:
716:
712:
708:
704:
696:
691:
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
658:
656:
654:
650:
645:
640:
637:
632:
624:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
556:
548:
541:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
467:
463:
459:
456:
452:
449:
445:
441:
440:
435:
431:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
411:
408:
404:
400:
388:
384:
379:
375:
371:
368:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
320:
316:
312:
309:
306:
304:Resting place
302:
299:, Canada East
298:
290:July 11, 1849
289:
285:
282:
278:
262:
258:
253:
249:
246:
243:
237:
234:
230:
227:
221:
213:
210:
207:
206:
199:
194:
190:
185:
181:
178:
172:
169:
166:
160:
156:
148:
143:
139:
134:
131:
128:
122:
119:
116:
110:
104:
99:
96:
92:
87:
84:
81:
75:
72:
69:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1429:
1420:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1226:
1219:
1206:
1196:
1183:
1129:
1073:
1064:
1057:
1035:
1021:
1006:
978:
952:
936:Upper Canada
929:
908:
897:
881:
877:
866:
832:
828:
824:
820:
814:
809:
805:
803:
797:
789:
784:
782:
776:
774:
770:John Neilson
757:
755:
742:
731:
718:
706:
702:
700:
692:Lower Canada
662:
641:
628:
615:Upper Canada
588:
575:
566:in 1779, in
563:
561:
520:Upper Canada
517:
508:
504:
500:
494:
486:
479:Lower Canada
474:
473:
447:Battles/wars
437:
427:
317:
292:(1849-07-11)
244:
240:Succeeded by
197:
175:Succeeded by
167:
146:
125:Succeeded by
118:New position
117:
102:
78:Succeeded by
71:New position
70:
55:
18:
1457:1849 deaths
1452:1779 births
1363:J.O. Côté,
1353:, pp. 5, 7.
1203:"Biography"
1180:"Biography"
944:Lord Durham
904:Lord Durham
665:War of 1812
663:During the
580:Cap Diamant
568:Quebec City
483:Canada East
451:War of 1812
429:War of 1812
277:Quebec City
224:Preceded by
211:(1815–1824)
163:Preceded by
113:Preceded by
66:Preceded by
1446:Categories
1080:References
994:Huntingdon
636:anglicized
386:Allegiance
373:Occupation
362:Alma mater
270:1779-08-20
233:Edme Henry
95:Huntingdon
1405:Cornell,
1349:Cornell,
1283:Ouellet,
1243:April 18,
1043:prorogued
900:Rebellion
798:Canadiens
794:Dalhousie
758:Canadiens
334:Relations
198:In office
151:1831–1834
147:In office
107:1841–1844
103:In office
60:1841–1844
56:In office
1423:, p. 46.
1395:, p. 43.
1287:, p.229.
1070:See also
1022:Canadien
922:itself.
885:St Denis
825:chouayen
707:Canadien
703:Canadien
631:Montreal
536:portrait
487:Canadien
353:Children
348:(nephew)
297:Montreal
1009:Speaker
950:. The
946:in the
940:Ontario
522:as the
399:Britain
1419:Côté,
1391:Côté,
1234:
1060:typhus
1041:, who
972:. The
609:and a
534:. His
461:Awards
396:
326:Spouse
938:(now
821:vendu
419:Major
1245:2018
1232:ISBN
768:and
481:and
424:Unit
416:Rank
287:Died
260:Born
93:for
934:in
576:dit
453::
1448::
1205:.
1182:.
1138:^
1088:^
996:.
617:.
570:,
279:,
231:/
1247:.
1213:.
1190:.
356:7
272:)
268:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
