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1223:, the Regional Governor of West Norrland that opened the games. The king visited several sites around Ornskoldsvik before officially declaring the games as over. Due to his appearance, the closing ceremony was attended by 4000 spectators which was a huge increase from the 1500 that were present at the opening ceremony.
257:
Swedish delegation put forward a bid for the games. The
Swedish obliged and the bid was gratefully accepted by the other members of the assembly. This resulted in the Swedish Sports Organisation for the Disabled (SHIF) taking responsibility for the inaugural games and thus the Winter Paralympics was born.
256:
The IPC Winter
Paralympic Games history book states that the first, unofficial idea for the Winter Paralympics arose in 1974 during a pause of the annual general meeting of the International Sports Organisation for the Disabled (ISOD). ISOD Vice President of the time, Bengt Nirije, suggested that the
475:
The 1976 Winter
Paralympics had strict disability classifications, allowing only the blind and amputees to compete. This was unfortunate for Finneran who suffered limited mobility in his legs and arms due to polio that he contracted as an infant. Understandably, he was frustrated at being unable to
471:
Mr. Finneran left for Sweden six weeks before the beginning of the games, after receiving some funding from the
Cabramatta Rotary Club. However, his Paralympic endeavor was largely at his own expense. Upon his arrival in Ornskoldsvik he was offered accommodation in a spare room at the local cinema
467:
became aware of the Winter
Paralympics being held in Ornskoldsvik , Sweden. At the time, there was no governing body in Australia to organise qualifying events. Instead, Mr. Finneran took it upon himself to seek out the only other two Australian skiers with a disability and asked whether they would
503:
Because of this, the Winter
Paralympic Games in Örnsköldsvik didn't permit athletes with spinal injuries to compete and therefore could not technically be referred to as 'Paralympic Games' in the literal sense. The International Sport Federation, more fittingly, chose to call the 1976 games the
420:
The literal translation of the word
Ornskoldsvik is "eagle shields bay". Fittingly, the logo for the Ornskoldvik Paralympics consists of a large eagle carrying a shield over a body of water. Below, and on either side, is an alpine skier and a cross-country skier - the two sports featured in the
545:
Due to the limited number of athletes, events often had very few competitors and in some cases gold medals were won by default (i.e. only one athlete competing in the event). Because of these unusual circumstances, it is very difficult to measure the level of performance of many medalists in
399:
was disqualified as he failed to meet the disability requirements, as the Winter
Paralympics at the time only allowed amputees, blind and vision impaired athletes. Finneran who had limb impairments due to childhood polio was excluded, as a result, Australia never officially competed at the
260:
Despite there being no official record as to why Sweden was encouraged to host the games, its rich history in winter sports was no doubt an influential factor. However, despite being the host country, Sweden only had 16 athletes compete which was the sixth largest delegation.
476:
compete which led to a heated argument with Dr Ludwig
Guttman, the founder of the Paralympic movement. Despite being unable to compete, he had the honor of carrying the Australian flag at the opening ceremony and was given the role of ensuring course quality and safety
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1230:
Two of the founders of
Disabled Wintersport Australia, Ron Finneran (L) and Nick Dean (R) at a function on 3 September 2013 in Thredbo during the first IPC alpine skiing world cup event to be held in Australia, conducted by the Australian Paralympic
1282:
Through the successes of DWSA and Ron's work in talent recognition, and personal support for up-and-coming skiers, Australia is now the fifth ranked nation in the world in Alpine skiing, with two DWSA members holding current world records.
468:
be willing to take part in a "ski off" in order to qualify. Both of them declined the invitation due to family and work reasons, and thus Ron Finneran became the sole athlete representing Australia at the 1976 Winter Paralympics.
1276:(DWSA). Due largely to Ron's commitment to raising awareness of disabled skiing in Australia, DWSA has helped thousands of disabled athletes compete in winter sports, many of whom have reached the Winter Paralympics.
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In 1978 Ron returned to Australia filled with determination to rectify for future Australian disabled athletes the issues that he had at the 1976 games. He accepted a position as a ski instructor at the
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In 1976, there was no organisation to represent disabled Australian athletes in winter sports. Because of this, Australia was void of any official representative body or administration at the
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472:
by the games organizing committee. In order to pay for this accommodation, he spent his days washing dishes at a local restaurant and trained at night on a slalom course with locals.
568:
and perhaps pushed for a spot on the podium. In fact, he remained in Sweden for two-years after the 1976 games in order to study and set up an alpine ski program for the disabled.
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Much like with the opening ceremony, very little is known about the closing ceremony in Ornskoldsvik. It is known that the ceremony featured an appearance by the King of Sweden,
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when he was only 20-months of age. Despite obviously being a disabled athlete, Mr. Finneran was neither blind nor an amputee and was therefore unable to compete at the
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244:, who was unable to compete as his disability did not meet the event classifications. However, Mr. Finneran's unwavering commitment led to the eventual formation of
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The games were unsurprisingly dominated by European nations as they historically had a much larger exposure to winter sport recreationally and competitively at the
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1248:. However, Ron Finneran's unofficial attendance at the games eventually led to the formation of the Australian Winter Sports Society (as it was then known).
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1279:"It's been so amazing to see how disabled winter sports have grown over the years and I'm really proud of how much we've achieved," Ron said.
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The 1976 Winter Paralympics only permitted athletes to compete if they fell under one or both of the two disability classifications:
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Ski School where he met fellow ski instructor, Bruce Abel, with whom he co-founded the Disabled Skiing Federation - now known as
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1512:"Ron Finneran interviewed by Mick Fogarty in the Australian Centre for Paralympic Studies oral history project"
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Unsurprisingly, the medal tables were dominated by European nations that had a rich history in skiing at the
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1264:. He remained there until 1978 where he was involved in developing an alpine ski program for the disabled.
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being unable to compete. Had Mr. Finneran fit the disability classifications, he would have competed in
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444:, Sweden in front of an estimated 1500 spectators. Regional Governor of the County of West Norrland,
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Of the 16 competing nations, Australia is absent. Despite having been at the games, Australia's
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It is reported that 16 nations were represented in the ceremony and Australia's sole athlete,
448:, had the honour of declaring the world's first Winter Olympic Games for the Disabled open.
411:
Info-graphic displaying the nations that officially competed at the 1976 Winter Paralympics.
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From Stoke Mandeville to Sochi : A History of the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games
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was ineligible. Ron lost the use of both of his legs and his right arm after contracting
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There is very little documentation regarding the opening and closing ceremonies of the
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248:(DWSA) and paved the way for Australia's successes at future Winter Paralympic Games.
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These two sports were competed in by 198 athletes across a total of 53 medal events.
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1628:"Honour for Merimbula's Ron Finneran co-founder of Disabled WinterSport Australia"
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aside from the fact that they were relatively small/simple by today's standards.
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Due to narrow disability requirements, Australia was unofficially represented by
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404:. Although Finneran did carry the flag for Australia at the Opening Ceremony.
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Each event had separate standing, or visually impaired classifications:
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The games also featured a non-medal demonstration in ice sledge racing.
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was offered a scholarship to live and study at a local university in
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The 1976 Winter Paralympics featured only two competitive sports:
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Ron Finneran at the 1988 Winter Paralympics in Innsbruck, Austria
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The following nations took part in the 1976 Winter Paralympics.
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Unfortunately for Australia, these classifications meant that
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was represented by one non-competing athlete at the inaugural
1486:"Aussie Winter Paralympians in Sochi: a world away from 1976"
1407:. Champaign, Ill: Common Ground Publishing. pp. 87–91.
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IV A - standing, double leg amputation below the knee, mild
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due to a lack of other athletes in their respective event.
1626:
Media, Australian Community Media - Fairfax (2014-05-09).
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The opening ceremony was held on Saturday 21 February in
1453:"Australia at the Örnsköldsvik Winter Paralympics 1976"
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237:, Sweden over seven days from 21 to 28 February 1976.
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560:. Australia was omitted from the record books due to
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II - standing, single leg amputation below the knee
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Cross-country skiing at the 1976 Winter Paralympics
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II - standing, single leg amputation below the knee
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1256:At the conclusion of the 1976 Winter Paralympics,
1206:B - visually impaired, under 10% functional vision
1191:I - standing, single leg amputation above the knee
846:Each event had separate standing classifications:
455:had to privilege of wearing his nations flag.
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1567:"Paralympic Results & Historical Records"
1429:"Paralympic Results & Historical Records"
8:
1595:"Perisher Historical Society - Ron Finneran"
578:Alpine skiing at the 1976 Winter Paralympics
1203:A - visually impaired, no functional vision
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1372:"Crusader for skiers leaders by example".
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1361:Australian Paralympic Committee Website
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1849:Nations at the 1976 Winter Paralympics
1252:Australia post 1976 Winter Paralympics
1200:IV B - standing, double arm amputation
870:IV B - standing, double arm amputation
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1516:National Library of Australia Website
1197:III - standing, single arm amputation
860:III - standing, single arm amputation
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504:'Winter Olympics for the Disabled'.
1350:"Paralympic Games History - Winter"
463:In 1976, Australian disabled skier
1484:Phillips, Murray (17 March 2014).
14:
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138:Winter Paralympics appearances (
1274:Disabled Winter Sport Australia
842:Alpine combination: men – women
246:Disabled Winter Sport Australia
54:Australian Paralympic Committee
1:
1167:The competition events were:
832:The competition events were:
1854:Australia at the Paralympics
1332:Australia at the Paralympics
1219:The king was accompanied by
268:Ornskoldsvik - The host city
1363:. Retrieved 25 January 2013
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1599:www.perisherhistory.org.au
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488:Disability classifications
1180:3x5 km relay: men – women
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850:I - standing, single leg
836:Giant slalom: men – women
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16:Sporting event delegation
1859:1976 in Australian sport
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1682:1976 Winter Paralympics
1242:1976 Winter Paralympics
1174:10 km: men – women
517:1976 Winter Paralympics
431:1976 Winter Paralympics
402:1976 Winter Paralympics
233:The games were held in
229:1976 Winter Paralympics
24:1976 Winter Paralympics
1374:Australian Apline News
1303:This section is empty.
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1171:5 km: men – women
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1632:Merimbula News Weekly
1457:Paralympics Australia
1403:Britain, Ian (2014).
1376:: 14–15. August 1991.
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273:Participating nations
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875:Cross-country skiing
558:Winter Olympic Games
537:Cross-country skiing
252:Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
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839:Slalom: men – women
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1571:www.paralympic.org
1433:www.paralympic.org
1355:2011-06-05 at the
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1183:3x10 km relay: men
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1601:. Archived from
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1544:www.sahof.org.au
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1305:You can help by
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1217:Carl Gustak XVI.
1211:Closing ceremony
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1605:on 2016-10-22
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1314:February 2013
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1293:
1292:
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1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1247:
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1235:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
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1160:
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1154:
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1149:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
998:
981:
978:
975:
972:
966:
949:
946:
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940:
934:
914:
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889:
882:
874:
869:
866:
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835:
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822:
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806:
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797:
791:
774:
771:
768:
765:
759:
742:
739:
736:
733:
727:
710:
707:
704:
701:
695:
678:
675:
672:
669:
663:
646:
643:
640:
637:
631:
611:
604:
597:
586:
579:
572:Alpine skiing
571:
569:
567:
566:alpine skiing
563:
559:
554:
551:
549:
543:
538:
535:
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532:Alpine skiing
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136:
130:
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118:
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109:
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97:
90:
86:
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62:
58:
55:
52:
50:
46:
42:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1827:
1807:West Germany
1686:Örnsköldsvik
1646:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1598:
1574:. Retrieved
1570:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:
1521:30 September
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
1489:. Retrieved
1460:. Retrieved
1456:
1447:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1404:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1345:
1311:
1307:adding to it
1302:
1281:
1278:
1266:
1262:Örnsköldsvik
1258:Ron Finneran
1255:
1246:Örnsköldsvik
1239:
1214:
1186:
1166:
1147:
1029:West Germany
886:Medal Tally
845:
831:
812:
662:West Germany
583:Medal Tally
562:Ron Finneran
555:
552:
548:Örnsköldsvik
544:
541:
526:
509:Ron Finneran
506:
502:
491:
474:
470:
465:Ron Finneran
462:
459:Ron Finneran
453:Ron Finneran
450:
439:
435:Örnsköldsvik
428:
419:
397:Ron Finneran
394:
387:
354:West Germany
276:
259:
255:
242:Ron Finneran
239:
235:Örnsköldsvik
227:
221:
220:
150:
104:Ranked n/ath
93:(unofficial)
81:Örnsköldsvik
1802:Switzerland
1061:Switzerland
630:Switzerland
442:Kempehallen
296:Switzerland
88:Competitors
67:.paralympic
1843:Categories
1812:Yugoslavia
1637:2016-10-22
1609:2016-10-22
1576:2016-09-30
1549:2020-09-26
1491:2016-10-01
1438:2016-10-01
1338:References
852:amputation
374:Yugoslavia
1462:12 August
1231:Committee
496:Blindness
223:Australia
1353:Archived
1326:See also
499:Amputees
140:overview
39:IPC code
1821:Oceania
1772:Finland
1762:Belgium
1757:Austria
1713:America
1270:Thredbo
1125:Austria
933:Finland
894:Nation
694:Austria
591:Nation
421:games.
310:Belgium
302:Finland
284:Austria
60:Website
1797:Sweden
1792:Poland
1787:Norway
1777:France
1750:Europe
1720:Canada
1704:Uganda
1697:Africa
1690:Sweden
1411:
1287:Impact
1127:
1123:
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1093:Canada
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1063:
1059:
1031:
1027:
999:
997:Sweden
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967:
965:Norway
963:
935:
931:
918:Total
792:
790:Canada
788:
760:
758:France
756:
728:
724:
696:
692:
664:
660:
632:
628:
615:Total
523:Events
380:France
368:Poland
342:Norway
336:Canada
328:Sweden
322:Uganda
122:Bronze
116:Silver
100:Medals
1741:Japan
1148:Total
1129:(AUT)
1097:(CAN)
1065:(SUI)
1033:(FRG)
1001:(SWE)
969:(NOR)
937:(FIN)
891:Rank
813:Total
794:(CAN)
762:(FRA)
730:(TCH)
698:(AUT)
666:(FRG)
634:(SUI)
588:Rank
513:polio
382:(21)
356:(32)
344:(23)
330:(16)
316:Japan
304:(26)
298:(15)
128:Total
1828:None
1734:Asia
1523:2016
1464:2024
1409:ISBN
416:Logo
376:(9)
370:(7)
364:(5)
350:(1)
338:(6)
324:(1)
318:(1)
312:(5)
292:(6)
211:2022
206:2018
201:2014
196:2010
191:2006
186:2002
181:1998
176:1994
171:1992
166:1988
161:1984
156:1980
151:1976
110:Gold
69:.org
1684:in
1309:.
1244:in
1161:69
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708:13
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679:17
647:10
433:in
78:in
71:.au
65:www
49:NPC
43:AUS
1845::
1688:,
1630:.
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1500:^
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1142:1
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1051:5
1043:4
1040:5
1037:2
1019:4
1011:7
1008:7
1005:6
987:3
979:2
976:3
973:7
955:2
947:7
944:7
941:8
923:1
807:3
804:2
801:0
798:1
780:6
775:5
772:3
769:0
766:2
748:5
743:3
740:0
737:0
734:3
716:4
702:5
684:3
676:2
673:7
670:8
652:2
644:0
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638:9
620:1
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