540:, as granting an immunity for Australian Citizens from involuntary detention by the Government except as a consequence of a finding of criminal guilt before a court. There are some exceptions, such as the detention of a person following their arrest and before they are brought before a court, or whilst on remand awaiting trial where bail is refused. The Federal Government appears to have interpreted as Constitutional periodic detention for up to 48 hours and co-operated with State governments (which do not have the same entrenched separation of powers doctrine) to allow for detention up to 14 days. The Federal government also introduced "control orders" which allow for a range of restrictions to be placed on an individual (who has not been charged, let alone found guilty of any criminal offence) including subjecting that person to 12 months house arrest.
585:: Potential for restrictions on named individuals including; freedom of movement, freedom of association (including one's lawyer), banning the performing of named actions and owning named items, unlimited requirements to be (or not to be) at specified places at any or all times of the day and week, wear a tracking device, encouragement to submit to re-education. These restrictions are referred to as "control orders", and may be granted for a period of one year before review.
103:
36:
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power to make control orders is to be given to federal courts and is clearly non-judicial. Judicial power requires a fair procedure, including notice of the proceedings and disclosure of the basis upon which orders are sought and made. None of this occurs in relation to control orders." Similar concerns were raised by the
Queensland and Western Australian Premiers and NSW Premier Morris Iemma.
656:
and is thus unconstitutional. Prime
Minister John Howard has declared, "Speaking for the Commonwealth, and based on the advice I have received from the Crown law authorities at a Commonwealth level, these laws are quite constitutional." John North, President of the Law Council of Australia, said "The
639:
As a result of the Anti-Terrorism Act 2005, Division 103 of the
Criminal Code makes it an offence to provide funds to a person who may use those funds to facilitate or engage in a terrorist act. These funds must be intentionally made available to another person (e.g., a donation or cash transfer).
523:
The Bill became law on 6 December 2005. Measures for greater protection of free speech and greater scrutiny of the law's application, proposed at different stages by individual government members and Labor, were not accommodated. Labor voted to support the Bill. The Greens and
Australian Democrat
596:
Police can request information from any source about any named person: any information about the person's travel, residence, telephone calls, financial transactions amongst other information; professional privilege does not apply. It can be an offence to disclose that such documents have been
592:
To recklessly provide funds to a potential terrorist is a criminal offence. Funds include money and equivalents and also assets. It is not necessary that the culprit know the receiver is a terrorist, only that they are reckless about the possibility. It is not necessary that the receiver be a
588:
Significant restrictions on the right of any citizen to express certain opinions, including; criticism, or "urging disaffection", of the sovereign, the constitution, the government, the law, or 'different groups'. Exemptions may exist where the target of criticism is agreed to be 'in error'.
555:
adopted a more cautious attitude, stating that "you never really know" the answer to the vexed question of constitutionality "until such time as the courts decide on these things".(SMH, 27 October 2005) According to spokespeople for the then Prime
Minister, his and the Treasurer's views were
616:
The clause in particular has raised the concern of some state premiers, the so-called "Shoot to kill" clause, where police may use lethal force if they perceive a threat to life. The clause was not put to the premiers in the original discussions between the States and
Federal Governments.
492:
rejected the concern and criticised
Stanhope, saying that "the premiers and the other chief minister did not deserve to be hijacked in relation to their ability to participate in consultation." The public exposure saw elements of the Bill, including a
488:, who stated "Law of this significance made in this haste can't be good law". The Opposition and minor parties expressed concern that a Senate inquiry would not be given enough time to consider the new laws. Prime Minister
1160:
589:
Exemptions appear to exist where the claim is that a feature of a group of people is in some way offensive to the mainstream of society. Onus of proof is on the defendant, the presumption is not of innocence.
644:. This means that the accused must know that there is a substantial risk of the funds being used for terrorism but still makes those funds available regardless of the risks involved in the matter.
600:
A legislative provision for 'hoax offences' created a more serious charge for people who cause chaos for the public and emergency services by dreaming up devastating terrorist-inspired hoaxes.
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Opposition and the minor parties decried the paucity of time allowed for debate. The Prime
Minister agreed to allow more time on the proviso that the Bill be passed before Christmas 2005.
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The definition of funds includes money and assets of any kind but does not include goods or services. The mental element for the crimes created under
Division 103 is subjective
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235:
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620:
Law
Council of Australia president John North, suggested that such powers were designed to protect police in the event of a mistaken fatal shooting such as that of
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551:. This assertion was rejected by the then Prime Minister, John Howard: "Lawyers often have different opinions as to what the law means.". Then federal Treasurer
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613:" clause instructs police to treat people wanted under detention orders in the same way that an equivalent clause in the current law treats wanted suspects.
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in Australia's constitution, the Bill needed the support of the states. An outline of the Bill was given in-principle support by the State Premiers.
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between the executive, legislative and judicial arms of government. This "separation of powers" doctrine has been interpreted by the High Court in
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in the wake of a series of terrorist attacks overseas, in particular London, with the stated intent of preventing such events from happening in
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announced that he had received advice that the blurring of boundaries between the executive and judicial powers was likely to be
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1177:] (2006) 30(3) Melbourne University Law Review 747 . Detailed review of the legislation, including the process of its enactment.
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575:: detention for named individuals. Without evidence and without criminal involvement the detainee may be interrogated by the
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meeting where the draft laws were forged. Community concern arose that Muslims would be unfairly targeted by the new law.
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that existing laws would not protect Australians from London-style terrorist attacks, said that the new laws were needed.
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579:(ASIO). Disclosing that an individual has been so detained or interrogated is, in almost all circumstances, a crime.
315:
1163:: Audio recording of Sydney public forum discussing the bill with speakers including Lance Collins and Warren Reed
1147:
George Williams, "Responding to Terrorism without a Bill of Rights: The Australian Experience", AsiaRights Journal
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Prior to its reading in federal Parliament, a confidential draft of the legislation was published online by
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The published version of the Anti-Terrorism Bill has attracted the criticism that it does not respect the
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The Australian government planned for the Bill to be introduced, debated and passed on 1 November 2005 (
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Law Council of Australia – Media Release – Anti-Terror Bill: Judiciary Compromised – 25 October 2005
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ACT Chief Minister Jon Stanhope, "Rights at Risk: My Dissent from the Australian Anti-Terror Bill"
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terrorist, only that the first person is reckless about the possibility that they might be.
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Lateline – 25/10/2005: Proposed counter-terrorism laws may face constitutional challenge
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Former PM Malcolm Fraser, Stephen Murray-Smith Memorial Lecture of 19 October 2005
1169:"Legislating with urgency – The enactment of the anti-terrorism act (No 1) 2005"
489:
1161:
Anti-terrorism Legislation Public Forum – Quaker Peace & Justice Committee
424:
121:
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631:, a diversion," but has suggested that changes to the clause are possible.
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An Act to amend the law relating to terrorist acts, and for other purposes
1049:
822:
Michael Gordon, Barney Zwartz & Rachel Kleinman (19 October 2005).
431:
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Insiders – 30/10/2005: Labor awaits tabling of anti-terrorism bill
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Senate passes counter-terrorism laws. 06/12/2005. ABC News Online
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John Howard has declared that the whole issue is a "misnomer, a
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noted the 'shoot to kill' clause had not been discussed at the
423:, which is intended to hamper the activities of any potential
29:
27:
Counter-terrorism Act of the Parliament of Australia in 2005
1082:
The Age Melbourne – Should we be afraid of the terror laws
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Lateline – 31/10/2005: Keelty puts case for terrorism laws
532:
The first three "chapters" of the Australian Constitution
1133:
Human rights implications of the Anti-Terrorism Bill 2005
1077:, 11 October 2005, 'Anti-terrorism bill splits politics'
1103:
Australia accused of rushing shoot-to-kill terror laws
1087:
ABC TV Media Watch – Seditious opinion? Lock 'em up
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170:
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150:
138:
109:
95:
556:compatible, but some media outlets, including the
1002:
1000:
768:"Stanhope flags doubts on 'hasty' terrorism bill"
843:"Anti-terror laws rammed through – minus debate"
577:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
389:
8:
921:, 21 September 2005, retrieved 4 August 2011
915:"States draw the line at shoot-to-kill laws"
1064:the new bill side by side with the old bill
667:Australian anti-terrorism legislation, 2004
687:Outlawed terror organisations in Australia
396:
382:
224:Sydney Yugoslav General Trade and Tourist
195:
101:
59:. Please do not remove this message until
236:Sydney Israeli consulate and Hakoah Club
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
824:"Unease mounts over anti-terrorism laws"
55:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1041:The legislation, proposed and current:
704:
334:
326:Australian aeroplane terror plot (2017)
306:
214:
207:
127:
949:Michelle Grattan (24 September 2005).
321:Holsworthy Barracks terror plot (2009)
92:
7:
1092:Terrorism laws in place before XMAS
1008:"Anti-Terrorism Bill Constitutional"
794:"Stanhope under fire over bill leak"
1201:Acts of the Parliament of Australia
1108:Paul Kelly, " More power to the PM"
841:Jewel Topsfield (7 December 2005).
497:' clause, criticised as excessive.
155:States and territories of Australia
913:Andrew Clennell and Louise Dodson
357:Designated terrorist organisations
273:Queanbeyan stabbing attacks (2017)
25:
18:Australian Anti-Terrorism Act 2005
961:from the original on 23 June 2011
804:. 15 October 2005. Archived from
766:Nick McKenzie (17 October 2005).
507:Council of Australian Governments
352:Anti-terrorism legislation (2005)
347:Anti-terrorism legislation (2004)
1055:Current Australian Criminal Code
288:Melbourne stabbing attack (2018)
258:Endeavour Hills stabbings (2014)
248:Turkish consulate bombing (1986)
34:
1173:Melbourne University Law Review
1123:NSW Council for Civil Liberties
434:was passed on 6 December 2005.
253:French consulate bombing (1995)
1141:Australian National University
860:Lim v Minister for Immigration
692:Terrorism Suppression Act 2002
538:Lim v Minister for Immigration
369:Counter-terrorism raids (2014)
298:Wakeley church stabbing (2024)
1:
467:Attorney General of Australia
447:The Bill was prepared by the
243:Russell Street bombing (1986)
1048:on the ACT Chief Minister's
951:"Terror shoot law may alter"
316:Sydney terrorism plot (2005)
231:Sydney Hilton bombing (1978)
1196:Terrorism laws in Australia
1135:Prof. Andrew Byrnes, Prof.
994:ss 103.1(1)(b), 103.2(1)(b)
293:Wieambilla shootings (2022)
61:conditions to do so are met
1222:
268:Parramatta shooting (2015)
901:10 September 2012 at the
753:10 September 2012 at the
735:10 September 2012 at the
475:Australian Federal Police
283:Mill Park stabbing (2018)
186:
116:
100:
1069:Popular press response:
560:, insinuated otherwise.
543:Then Queensland Premier
524:senators voted against.
182:Anti-Terrorism Bill 2005
1139:and Gabrielle McKinnon
1097:Security Australia Laws
1026:13 January 2006 at the
717:13 January 2009 at the
677:Australian sedition law
635:Reckless funding clause
622:Jean Charles de Menezes
421:Parliament of Australia
411:Anti-Terrorism Act 2005
263:Lindt Cafe siege (2014)
111:Parliament of Australia
96:Anti-Terrorism Act 2005
1191:2005 in Australian law
884:Criminal Code Act 1995
672:Terrorism in Australia
209:Terrorism in Australia
1128:Free Speech Australia
1075:Sydney Morning Herald
919:Sydney Morning Herald
864:[1992] HCA 64
849:. Melbourne: Fairfax.
830:. Melbourne: Fairfax.
558:Sydney Morning Herald
528:Constitutional issues
473:, on advice from the
278:Brighton siege (2017)
226:Agency bombing (1972)
936:14 July 2011 at the
808:on 11 February 2011.
654:separation of powers
605:Shoot to kill clause
573:preventive detention
427:in the country. The
1206:Anti-Terrorism Acts
1137:Hilary Charlesworth
992:Criminal Code (Cth)
980:Criminal Code (Cth)
171:Legislative history
48:of this article is
1113:Other commentary:
648:Judicial oversight
460:division of powers
151:Territorial extent
1167:Lynch, A (2006).
1143:, 18 October 2005
1046:Draft legislation
931:newsunleashed.com
449:Howard government
429:counter-terrorism
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458:Due to the
342:Legislation
1185:Categories
872:High Court
699:References
438:Background
425:terrorists
122:Long title
46:neutrality
597:obtained.
499:Victorian
465:The then
453:Australia
57:talk page
1024:Archived
965:4 August
959:Archived
934:Archived
899:Archived
751:Archived
733:Archived
715:Archived
661:See also
501:Premier
201:a series
199:Part of
190:In force
139:Citation
50:disputed
1050:website
982:s 100.1
955:The Age
847:The Age
828:The Age
564:The Act
443:History
419:of the
188:Status:
1156:JURIST
1059:ComLaw
629:furphy
415:is an
862:
609:The "
518:Labor
413:(Cth)
363:Raids
179:title
967:2011
408:The
177:Bill
43:The
1057:at
870:1,
868:CLR
802:ABC
776:ABC
482:ACT
432:law
417:Act
1187::
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953:.
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76:(
71:)
67:(
63:.
53:.
20:)
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