81:
65:
400:
799:
388:
3470:
614:
973:
888:
161:
581:
into agricultural areas towards the south east of the continent. The marginally fertile parts are primarily utilised as rangelands and have been traditionally used for sheep or cattle grazing, on cattle stations which are leased from the
Federal Government. While small areas of the outback consist of
254:
have lived in the
Outback for at least 50,000 years and occupied all Outback regions, including the driest deserts, when Europeans first entered central Australia in the 1800s. Many Aboriginal Australians retain strong physical and cultural links to their traditional country and are legally
1215:
Hamm, Giles; Mitchell, Peter; Arnold, Lee J.; Prideaux, Gavin J.; Questiaux, Daniele; Spooner, Nigel A.; Levchenko, Vladimir A.; Foley, Elizabeth C.; Worthy, Trevor H. (10 November 2016). "Cultural innovation and megafauna interaction in the early settlement of arid
Australia".
655:
Tourism is a major industry across the
Outback, and commonwealth and state tourism agencies explicitly target Outback Australia as a desirable destination for domestic and international travellers. There is no breakdown of tourism revenues for the "Outback"
859:". The location of the black stump may be some hypothetical location or may vary depending on local custom and folklore. It has been suggested that the term comes from the Black Stump Wine Saloon that once stood about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) out of
863:
on the
Gunnedah Road. It is claimed that the saloon, named after the nearby Black Stump Run and Black Stump Creek, was an important staging post for traffic to north-west New South Wales and it became a marker by which people gauged their journeys.
759:
region's economy is dominated by mining and petroleum industries. The
Pilbara's oil and gas industry is the region's largest export industry earned $ 5.0 billion in 2004/05 accounting for over 96% of the State's production. Most of Australia's
646:
livestock producers. In 2014, 17,000,000 hectares (42,000,000 acres), most of which is in
Outback Australia, was fully certified as organic farm production, making Australia the largest certified organic production area in the world.
707:
and uranium ores, and also contains major deposits of gold, nickel, copper, lead and zinc ores. Because of its size, the value of grazing and mining is considerable. Major mines and mining areas in the
Outback include opals at
843:
in the late 1800s to describe the vast sparsely settled regions of
Australia behind the cities and towns. The earliest known use of the term in this context in print was in 1869, when the writer clearly meant the area west of
592:, in Queensland, is one of Australia's most renowned fossil sites and was recorded as a World Heritage site in 1994. The 100 km (39 sq mi) area contains fossil remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of
824:(RFDS) started service in 1928 and helps people who live in the outback of Australia. Previously, serious injuries or illnesses often meant death owing to the lack of proper medical facilities and trained personnel.
80:
1060:
As the definition of the outback varies by population, no universal figure can be determined. This figure is for the legally defined area of the
Rangelands, which is sometimes referred to as the Outback.
1051:
As the definition of the outback varies by population, no universal figure can be determined. This figure is for the legally defined area of the Rangelands, which is sometimes referred to as the Outback.
831:. Originally the teachers communicated with the children via radio, but now satellite telecommunication is used instead. Some children attend boarding school, mostly only those in secondary school.
664:
explicitly markets nature-based and Indigenous-led experiences to tourists. In the 2015–2016 financial year, 815,000 visitors spent $ 988 million while on holidays in the Northern Territory alone.
695:
Other than agriculture and tourism, the main economic activity in this vast and sparsely settled area is mining. Owing to the almost complete absence of mountain building and glaciation since the
422:
regions in North America, the Sahara and Gobi deserts and the tropical forests of the Amazon and Congo Basins. The savanna (or grassy woodlands) of northern Australia are the largest, intact
1742:
1555:
755:
was once the world's biggest producer of natural diamonds and contributed approximately one-third of the world's natural supply, but was closed down in 2020 due to financial reasons. The
308:
into the Outback, culminating in successfully reaching the north coast of Australia and returning without the loss of any of the party's members' lives. This contrasts with the ill-fated
875:", although these terms are more frequently used when referring to something a long way from anywhere, or a long way away. The well-watered north of the continent is often called the "
1479:
790:, while the Kimberley and Pilbara showed population increases during the same period. The sex ratio is 1040 males for 1000 females and 17% of the total population is indigenous.
1374:
Venter, Oscar; Sanderson, Eric W.; Magrach, Ainhoa; Allan, James R.; Beher, Jutta; Jones, Kendall R.; Possingham, Hugh P.; Laurance, William F.; Wood, Peter (23 August 2016).
635:, in which cattle, sheep, and sometimes goats are grazed in mostly intact, natural ecosystems. Widespread use of bore water, obtained from underground aquifers, including the
377:
1533:
1614:
64:
1006:
929:
Air transport is relied on for mail delivery in some areas, owing to sparse settlement and wet-season road closures. Most outback mines have an airstrip and many have a
668:
528:
are often sighted. On bare ground or roads during the winter, various species of snakes and lizards bask in the sun, but they are rarely seen during the summer months.
262:
Early European exploration of inland Australia was sporadic. More focus was on the more accessible and fertile coastal areas. The first party to successfully cross the
1706:
1960:
1094:
430:, which occupy 16,000,000 hectares (40,000,000 acres), an area larger than all of England and Wales, are the largest remaining temperate woodland left on Earth.
438:
Reflecting the wide climatic and geological variation, the Outback contains a wealth of distinctive and ecologically rich ecosystems. Major land types include:
1839:
501:
The Outback is full of very important well-adapted wildlife, although much of it may not be immediately visible to the casual observer. Many animals, such as
356:
2002 was declared the Year of the Outback. While the early explorers used horses to cross the Outback, the first woman to make the journey riding a horse was
1305:
589:
566:
and other imported animals are also degrading the environment, so time and money is spent eradicating them in an attempt to help protect fragile rangelands.
1925:
1910:
410:
The paucity of industrial land use has led to the Outback being recognised globally as one of the largest remaining intact natural areas on Earth. Global "
3234:
3093:
1774:
1448:
1275:
1808:
1352:
1727:
811:
783:
lands in northern South Australia, have not been displaced as they have been in areas of intensive agriculture and large cities, in coastal areas.
213:(livestock grazing) in which production is reliant on the natural environment. The Outback is deeply ingrained in Australian heritage, history and
1749:
1552:
1509:
3227:
3113:
642:
Capitalising on the lack of pasture improvement and absence of fertiliser and pesticide use, many Outback pastoral properties are certified as
3222:
3156:
1921:
1873:
780:
827:
In many outback communities, the number of children is too small for a conventional school to operate. Children are educated at home by the
3217:
3181:
3120:
1675:
910:. There is a proposal to develop some of the roads running from the south-west to the north-east to create an all-weather road named the
3210:
3205:
3151:
1471:
3079:
1953:
338:
282:
from 1829 to 1830, attempted to follow the westward-flowing rivers to find an "inland sea", but these were found to all flow into the
190:, the Outback regions extend from the northern to southern Australian coastlines and encompass a number of climatic zones, including
3537:
3420:
3161:
1887:
1792:
1153:
246:
242:
1530:
786:
The total population of the Outback in Australia declined from 700,000 in 1996 to 690,000 in 2006. The largest decline was in the
205:
Geographically, the Outback is unified by a combination of factors, most notably a low human population density, a largely intact
3176:
3166:
3108:
3086:
3069:
3064:
2983:
1606:
1143:
868:
414:" and wilderness reviews highlight the importance of Outback Australia as one of the world's large natural areas, along with the
1120:
3186:
3015:
2881:
2795:
2745:
1645:
3130:
1730:
1185:
403:
879:" and the arid interior "The Red Centre", owing to its vast amounts of red soil and sparse greenery amongst its landscape.
871:" is a term referring to remoter parts of the Outback. The Outback can also be referred to as "back of beyond" or "back o'
312:
in 1860–61 which was much better funded, but resulted in the deaths of three of the members of the transcontinental party.
3512:
3507:
3440:
3425:
1946:
1698:
919:
752:
717:
531:
443:
294:
3473:
3125:
2755:
2482:
2187:
845:
94:
1086:
907:
3542:
3527:
3517:
2612:
942:
915:
821:
2790:
2775:
2073:
2058:
1931:
1831:
840:
346:
309:
263:
1376:"Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation"
1309:
3532:
3171:
3103:
3074:
3059:
2800:
2725:
1584:
361:
305:
256:
168:
941:
have an airstrip and quite a few have their own light plane. Medical and ambulance services are provided by the
839:
The term "outback" derives from the adverbial phrase referring to the back yard of a house, and came to be used
3502:
2760:
2677:
2260:
1973:
559:
35:
399:
639:, has enabled livestock to be grazed across vast areas in which no permanent surface water exists naturally.
85:
Red and dark red areas form the legally defined Outback, dark red and striped areas forms the modern Outback.
3407:
3098:
3005:
2682:
2392:
2387:
1440:
1283:
1035:
872:
860:
741:
555:
489:
427:
350:
297:
and their beasts played an instrumental role in opening up the Outback and helping to build infrastructure.
1531:
Wild dog populations will be out of control within five years without dedicated dogger, former trapper says
3384:
3191:
2785:
2588:
1804:
1332:
776:
551:
535:
251:
3477:
3341:
3261:
2904:
2805:
2414:
1189:
1039:
667:
There are many popular tourist attractions in the Outback. Some of the well known destinations include
578:
1501:
798:
538:
thrive in central Australia, brought to Australia by pastoralists and explorers, along with the early
3351:
2327:
2045:
1387:
1225:
986:
672:
636:
563:
468:
301:
3522:
3000:
2665:
2602:
2578:
2409:
2270:
2216:
2157:
2128:
2068:
2063:
748:
617:
206:
1938:
1038:. The "modern Outback" is an area determined by cultural and natural factors, from a study by the
3288:
2909:
2872:
2750:
2196:
2118:
2078:
2053:
1257:
923:
539:
392:
316:
31:
387:
3369:
2988:
2815:
2780:
2641:
2636:
2617:
2426:
2253:
2013:
1883:
1869:
1788:
1768:
1667:
1421:
1403:
1249:
1241:
1149:
1011:
996:
895:
The outback is criss-crossed by historic tracks. Most of the major highways have an excellent
828:
815:
787:
680:
661:
475:
221:
the subject of the Outback has been vogue, particularly in the 1940s. In 2009, as part of the
199:
2290:
1553:
Explainer: South Australia's wild dog problem and sheep industry's plea for dedicated doggers
3450:
3445:
3435:
3364:
3041:
2995:
2938:
2867:
2730:
2624:
2573:
2551:
2404:
2351:
1787:
Coupe, Sheena (ed.), Frontier Country, Vol. 1, Weldon Russell Publishing, Willoughby, 1989,
1411:
1395:
1344:
1333:"Life and death in Australian 'heartlands': pastoralism, ecology and rethinking the outback"
1233:
978:
729:
327:
271:
191:
3336:
2837:
2825:
2810:
2765:
2715:
2655:
2597:
2558:
2546:
2539:
2448:
2265:
2248:
2223:
1559:
1537:
1001:
911:
852:. Over time, the adverbial use of the phrase was replaced with the present day noun form.
849:
733:
713:
643:
482:
461:
411:
183:
1391:
1229:
906:
runs from north to south through the centre of the continent, roughly paralleled by the
30:
This article is about the interior of Australia. For the American restaurant chain, see
3481:
3430:
3329:
3293:
3273:
3256:
3196:
2960:
2852:
2830:
2820:
2672:
2650:
2534:
2529:
2514:
2509:
2436:
2382:
2334:
2305:
2211:
2201:
1416:
1375:
938:
930:
903:
521:
415:
218:
1159:
353:. Mineral exploration continues as new mineral deposits are identified and developed.
255:
recognised as the Traditional Owners of large parts of the Outback under Commonwealth
3496:
3455:
3324:
3316:
3283:
3020:
2970:
2862:
2857:
2847:
2697:
2660:
2568:
2563:
2465:
2370:
1915:
1116:
934:
725:
624:
512:
Birdlife is prolific, most often seen at waterholes at dawn and dusk. Huge flocks of
330:, north of which he considered rainfall to be too unreliable to support agriculture.
323:
287:
279:
202:
climates in southerly regions. The total population is estimated at 607,000 people.
3359:
3298:
3278:
3268:
2978:
2950:
2705:
2443:
2377:
2346:
2295:
2167:
2096:
2033:
2023:
1637:
1348:
1261:
958:
803:
737:
613:
502:
357:
283:
70:
1193:
17:
1611:
Parks and forests | Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Queensland
3415:
3374:
3010:
2899:
2842:
2770:
2720:
2607:
2583:
2472:
2310:
2228:
2206:
2182:
2028:
2018:
856:
721:
709:
632:
574:
334:
210:
2945:
2914:
2740:
2735:
2399:
2360:
2322:
2240:
2113:
1998:
1993:
1905:
1181:
968:
887:
676:
660:. However, regional tourism is a major component of national tourism incomes.
569:
The Outback is home to a diverse set of animal species, such as the kangaroo,
513:
275:
230:
226:
1407:
1245:
194:
and monsoonal climates in northern areas, arid areas in the "red centre" and
109:
96:
3392:
3051:
3025:
2955:
2933:
2926:
2710:
2487:
2421:
2317:
2140:
2123:
2008:
2003:
1977:
765:
704:
593:
583:
547:
342:
195:
179:
129:
1425:
1253:
631:
The largest industry across the Outback, in terms of the area occupied, is
1882:
Crows Nest, N.S.W. Little Hills Press. Little Hills Press explorer guides
1607:"Australian Fossil Mammal Site – Riversleigh section, World Heritage Area"
1577:"Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte)"
274:
in 1813, 25 years after the colony was established. People, starting with
160:
2919:
2524:
2460:
2431:
2341:
2300:
2108:
2088:
991:
761:
700:
517:
214:
1399:
1237:
319:
line was constructed in the 1870s along the route identified by Stuart.
2891:
2629:
2519:
2477:
2365:
2177:
2172:
2101:
1472:"EcoCheck: Australia's vast, majestic northern savannas need more care"
896:
876:
756:
696:
597:
454:
447:
423:
164:
139:
1576:
899:
surface and other major roads are usually well-maintained dirt roads.
764:
is also mined in the Pilbara and it also has one of the world's major
3397:
2501:
2455:
2162:
2149:
621:
543:
419:
365:
267:
1924:. Carl Bridge, head of the Menzies Centre for Australian studies at
1922:
Audio slideshow: Outback Australia – The royal flying doctor service
953:
In 2024 two Regional, Rural and Remote air lines collapsed, namely
509:, hide in bushes to rest and keep cool during the heat of the day.
3305:
3248:
3143:
2687:
1985:
1969:
954:
886:
855:
It is colloquially said that "the outback" is located "beyond the
797:
684:
612:
525:
506:
398:
386:
159:
2282:
1880:
Australia's central and western outback : the driving guide
222:
187:
1942:
570:
478:, which provide topographic variation across the flat plains,
1928:, outlines the history of the Royal Flying Doctor Service.
891:
Road sign warning of potentially dangerous conditions ahead
703:) ages, the outback is extremely rich in iron, aluminium,
337:
explored, surveyed and built many roads in support of the
333:
Exploration of the Outback continued in the 1950s when
233:
of Queensland for its role as a "natural attraction".
209:
and, in many places, low-intensity land uses, such as
1543:, ABC News, 29 June 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
3406:
3383:
3350:
3314:
3247:
3141:
3049:
3040:
2969:
2890:
2696:
2500:
2281:
2239:
2148:
2139:
2087:
2044:
1984:
1117:"FROM THE PRESIDENT | Australian Rangeland Society"
806:
indicating that an RFDS emergency airstrip is ahead
378:
Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia
150:
145:
135:
125:
48:
1638:"Aboriginal Tourism – Markets – Tourism Australia"
582:clay soils the majority has exceedingly infertile
1668:"Latest visitor data – Tourism NT Corporate Site"
1007:Australian outback literature of the 20th century
326:, using changes in vegetation patterns, mapped a
1866:Outback – Recipes and Stories from the Campfire
577:was built to restrict movements of dingoes and
1502:"Wilderness Society | Great Western Woodlands"
178:is a remote, vast, sparsely populated area of
1954:
1030:The "legally defined outback", the so-called
8:
1306:"Overland-telegraph | australia.gov.au"
779:communities in outback regions, such as the
1699:"Shopping for a Diamond Is About to Change"
1565:, 7 April 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
1441:"Explainer: wilderness, and why it matters"
1145:A Treasury of Australian Landscape Painting
3046:
2145:
1961:
1947:
1939:
627:that can be found across outback Australia
546:' are station horses that have run wild.
45:
1932:Royal Geography Society's Hidden Journeys
1415:
1142:Splatt, William; Burton, Barbara (1977).
914:, crossing the continent diagonally from
69:View across sand plains and salt pans to
1186:"PREMIER UNVEILS QUEENSLAND'S 150 ICONS"
812:Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia
485:north of the Great Australian Bight, and
426:regions in the world. In the south, the
27:Sparsely populated interior of Australia
1697:Gomelsky, Victoria (17 November 2020).
1073:
1023:
395:are found in the centre of the mainland
144:
124:
89:
77:
61:
1773:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1766:
453:sub-tropical savanna landscape of the
450:regions in northern Western Australia,
1811:from the original on 20 November 2021
1678:from the original on 21 December 2016
1648:from the original on 22 November 2016
1617:from the original on 17 November 2023
1482:from the original on 21 December 2016
1451:from the original on 21 December 2016
1097:from the original on 18 December 2016
781:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
149:
134:
7:
1587:from the original on 31 October 2023
1355:from the original on 28 October 2022
1081:
1079:
1077:
922:, through the Northern Territory to
278:in 1817, 1818 and 1821, followed by
229:Outback was announced as one of the
736:. Oil and gas are extracted in the
1842:from the original on 26 April 2008
1512:from the original on 16 March 2024
182:. The Outback is more remote than
25:
1123:from the original on 8 March 2024
471:in central and western Australia,
293:From 1858 onwards, the so-called
247:European exploration of Australia
243:History of Indigenous Australians
186:. While often envisaged as being
3469:
3468:
2801:West South Central United States
1709:from the original on 10 May 2023
1282:. 15 August 2014. Archived from
971:
79:
63:
3016:Latin America and the Caribbean
2882:Latin America and the Caribbean
1895:, Western Australia Perth, W.A.
1575:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
1331:Gill, Nicholas (January 2005).
1276:"Afghan cameleers in Australia"
474:the Inland Ranges, such as the
460:ephemeral water courses of the
304:led six expeditions north from
1731:Pilbara Development Commission
1349:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2004.08.005
1034:, have been determined by the
492:in southern Western Australia.
404:Fitzgerald River National Park
300:Over the period 1858 to 1861,
1:
1830:Lewis, Daniel (17 May 2005).
2483:Middle East and North Africa
2188:Middle East and North Africa
1911:Beautiful Australian Outback
1581:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
943:Royal Flying Doctor Service
916:Laverton, Western Australia
822:Royal Flying Doctor Service
3559:
2776:Northeastern United States
809:
788:Outback Northern Territory
375:
349:and rocket testing on the
310:Burke and Wills expedition
240:
43:Area in Oceania, Australia
29:
3464:
747:In Western Australia the
699:(in many areas since the
542:. Feral horses known as '
391:MacDonnell Ranges in the
306:Adelaide, South Australia
169:Yalgoo, Western Australia
90:
78:
62:
55:
3538:Rural culture in Oceania
3257:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
2261:Transantarctic Mountains
1893:Year of the Outback 2002
1337:Journal of Rural Studies
933:workforce. Most outback
36:Outback (disambiguation)
3006:Caribbean South America
1805:"7 Bonzer Aussie Words"
1036:Government of Australia
908:Adelaide–Darwin railway
861:Coolah, New South Wales
490:Great Western Woodlands
428:Great Western Woodlands
351:Woomera Prohibited Area
328:line in South Australia
2786:Southern United States
2589:Scandinavian Peninsula
1864:Dwyer, Andrew (2007).
892:
807:
628:
464:in western Queensland,
407:
396:
322:In 1865, the surveyor
171:
34:. For other uses, see
3262:Antarctic Convergence
2806:Western United States
1906:From this Broken Hill
1878:Read, Ian G. (1995).
1642:tourism.australia.com
1558:15 April 2017 at the
1536:28 April 2018 at the
1380:Nature Communications
1190:Queensland Government
1148:. Rigby. p. 56.
1040:Pew Charitable Trusts
890:
801:
620:, one of a number of
616:
402:
390:
339:nuclear weapons tests
163:
3513:Deserts of Australia
3508:Regions of Australia
2328:Greater Central Asia
1636:Australia, Tourism.
1087:"The Modern Outback"
987:Australian landmarks
673:Kakadu National Park
637:Great Artesian Basin
406:in Western Australia
302:John McDouall Stuart
290:, which turn south.
154:607,000 (Rangelands)
3474:Continents of Earth
3001:Brazilian Highlands
2410:Indian subcontinent
2271:Antarctic Peninsula
2069:Southern Hemisphere
2064:Northern Hemisphere
1807:. Merriam-Webster.
1400:10.1038/ncomms12558
1392:2016NatCo...712558V
1238:10.1038/nature20125
1230:2016Natur.539..280H
749:Argyle diamond mine
618:Gosses Bluff crater
383:Global significance
207:natural environment
106: /
73:, Central Australia
3543:Northern Australia
3528:Australian outback
3518:Australian English
3289:Great Barrier Reef
2910:Mainland Australia
2618:Apennine Peninsula
2079:Western Hemisphere
2054:Eastern Hemisphere
1703:The New York Times
1613:. 9 October 2015.
1506:Wilderness Society
1162:on 31 October 2021
893:
808:
685:Uluru (Ayers Rock)
629:
408:
397:
393:Northern Territory
317:Overland Telegraph
295:"Afghan" cameleers
252:Aboriginal peoples
225:celebrations, the
172:
151: • Total
32:Outback Steakhouse
18:Australian outback
3490:
3489:
3370:Mediterranean Rim
3243:
3242:
3182:Mediterranean Sea
3036:
3035:
2989:Amazon Rainforest
2816:Canadian Prairies
2781:Pacific Northwest
2642:Iberian Peninsula
2427:Arabian Peninsula
2254:Antarctic Plateau
2014:Three/Four Worlds
1874:978-0-522-85380-3
1439:Mackey, Brendan.
1286:on 15 August 2014
1224:(7628): 280–283.
1012:Australian desert
997:Central Australia
949:Regional airlines
926:, in Queensland.
829:School of the Air
816:School of the Air
681:MacDonnell Ranges
662:Tourism Australia
476:MacDonnell Ranges
158:
157:
16:(Redirected from
3550:
3533:Australian slang
3472:
3471:
3451:Global Southwest
3446:Global Southeast
3436:Global Northwest
3431:Global Northeast
3421:Global Heartland
3365:Indian Ocean Rim
3047:
2939:Island Melanesia
2630:Balkan Peninsula
2405:Himalayan states
2352:Russian Far East
2146:
2074:Water Hemisphere
1963:
1956:
1949:
1940:
1868:Miegunyah Press
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1755:on 25 March 2012
1754:
1748:. Archived from
1747:
1739:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1672:tourismnt.com.au
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1572:
1566:
1550:
1544:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1476:The Conversation
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1445:The Conversation
1436:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1308:. Archived from
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1280:australia.gov.au
1272:
1266:
1265:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1192:. Archived from
1184:(10 June 2009).
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1158:. Archived from
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1083:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1028:
981:
979:Australia portal
976:
975:
974:
434:Major ecosystems
360:, who rode from
272:Gregory Blaxland
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
111:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
83:
67:
46:
21:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3503:Rural geography
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3460:
3402:
3379:
3346:
3310:
3239:
3228:South China Sea
3137:
3080:Central America
3032:
2965:
2886:
2838:Northern Mexico
2826:Northern Canada
2811:Atlantic Canada
2766:Mountain states
2692:
2547:European Russia
2540:Southern Russia
2496:
2449:Iranian Plateau
2277:
2266:West Antarctica
2249:East Antarctica
2235:
2135:
2083:
2059:Land Hemisphere
2040:
1980:
1967:
1913:– slideshow by
1902:
1861:
1859:Further reading
1856:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1786:
1782:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1743:"Archived copy"
1741:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1560:Wayback Machine
1551:
1547:
1541:SA Country Hour
1538:Wayback Machine
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1470:Murphy, Brett.
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1312:on 29 June 2015
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1156:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1002:Channel Country
977:
972:
970:
967:
951:
939:cattle stations
912:Outback Highway
885:
850:New South Wales
837:
818:
810:Main articles:
796:
774:
734:Challenger Mine
732:and the remote
714:Lightning Ridge
693:
653:
611:
606:
573:and dingo. The
499:
483:Nullarbor Plain
462:Channel Country
436:
412:Human Footprint
385:
380:
374:
249:
241:Main articles:
239:
114:
112:
108:
105:
100:
97:
95:
93:
92:
86:
74:
58:
51:
44:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3495:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3482:Physical Earth
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3321:
3319:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3294:Mariana Trench
3291:
3281:
3276:
3274:Atlantic Ocean
3271:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3235:Southern Ocean
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3223:East China Sea
3215:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3157:Atlantic Ocean
3154:
3148:
3146:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2961:Remote Oceania
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2831:Western Canada
2828:
2823:
2821:Eastern Canada
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2535:South Caucasus
2532:
2530:North Caucasus
2522:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2437:South Caucasus
2429:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2306:Aralkum Desert
2303:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2097:Africa-Eurasia
2093:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1919:
1908:
1901:
1900:External links
1898:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1876:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1832:"Outer limits"
1822:
1796:
1780:
1734:
1720:
1689:
1659:
1628:
1598:
1567:
1545:
1523:
1493:
1462:
1431:
1366:
1323:
1297:
1267:
1207:
1196:on 24 May 2017
1173:
1154:
1134:
1108:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
982:
966:
963:
950:
947:
935:sheep stations
931:fly-in fly-out
904:Stuart Highway
884:
881:
836:
833:
795:
792:
773:
770:
692:
689:
669:Devils Marbles
652:
649:
625:impact craters
610:
607:
605:
602:
540:Afghan drivers
498:
495:
494:
493:
486:
479:
472:
465:
458:
451:
435:
432:
416:Boreal forests
384:
381:
376:Main article:
373:
370:
264:Blue Mountains
238:
235:
219:Australian art
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
88:
87:
84:
76:
75:
68:
60:
59:
56:
53:
52:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3555:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:Pacific Ocean
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:Pacific Ocean
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Caribbean Sea
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3140:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3114:by population
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3087:South America
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3070:North America
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3021:Southern Cone
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2996:Andean States
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2971:South America
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2698:North America
2695:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Low Countries
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:South-western
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2625:South-eastern
2623:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:South-central
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Mediterranean
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2569:British Isles
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2466:Levantine Sea
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Mediterranean
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:
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91:Coordinates:
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3480: /
3478:List of seas
3476: /
3441:Global South
3426:Global North
3360:Atlantic Rim
3299:Ring of Fire
3279:Indian Ocean
3269:Arctic Ocean
3211:Persian Gulf
3206:Indian Ocean
3187:Adriatic Sea
3152:Arctic Ocean
2984:Amazon Basin
2979:Amazon Plain
2951:Near Oceania
2756:Mid-Atlantic
2706:Aridoamerica
2666:Northwestern
2579:Northwestern
2552:Southeastern
2444:Greater Iran
2383:Southeastern
2378:Pacific Asia
2347:Pacific Asia
2335:Northeastern
2291:Asia–Pacific
2034:Fourth World
2024:Second World
1929:
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1343:(1): 39–53.
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802:Sign on the
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738:Cooper Basin
720:, metals at
718:White Cliffs
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358:Anna Hingley
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284:Murray River
261:
257:Native Title
250:
204:
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71:Mount Conner
40:
3456:Global West
3416:Global East
3375:Pacific Rim
3317:waterbodies
3306:World Ocean
3131:New Zealand
3011:The Guianas
2900:Australasia
2843:West Indies
2771:New England
2751:Great Lakes
2721:Mesoamerica
2608:Middle East
2584:Scandinavia
2473:Middle East
2311:Caspian Sea
2217:Great Lakes
2197:Sub-Saharan
2183:Middle East
2046:Hemispheres
2029:Third World
2019:First World
1972:'s primary
1815:20 November
1682:21 December
1652:21 December
1486:21 December
1455:21 December
1182:Bligh, Anna
1101:21 December
869:Never-Never
857:Black Stump
846:Wagga Wagga
841:meiotically
835:Terminology
730:Olympic Dam
722:Broken Hill
710:Coober Pedy
633:pastoralism
609:Pastoralism
590:Riversleigh
575:Dingo Fence
514:budgerigars
469:ten deserts
372:Environment
335:Len Beadell
270:was led by
211:pastoralism
113: /
3523:Q150 Icons
3497:Categories
3197:Ionian Sea
3192:Aegean Sea
3162:Baltic Sea
3094:Antarctica
2946:Micronesia
2915:New Guinea
2873:Portuguese
2796:West Coast
2746:East Coast
2741:Bible Belt
2736:Appalachia
2415:Subregions
2323:Inner Asia
2241:Antarctica
2141:Continents
2114:Antarctica
2089:Landmasses
1999:Down Under
1994:Arab World
1978:subregions
1846:30 January
1759:1 February
1359:28 October
1166:31 October
1068:References
1032:Rangelands
920:Kalgoorlie
918:(north of
794:Facilities
777:Aboriginal
772:Population
677:Kata Tjuta
584:palaeosols
548:Feral pigs
276:John Oxley
231:Q150 Icons
227:Queensland
146:Population
110:25°S 130°E
3393:Antarctic
3177:Irish Sea
3167:Black Sea
3126:Australia
3075:Caribbean
3052:continent
3026:Patagonia
2956:Polynesia
2934:Melanesia
2927:Zealandia
2905:Australia
2791:Southwest
2711:Caribbean
2488:Near East
2129:submerged
2124:Zealandia
2119:Australia
2009:Old World
2004:New World
1563:ABC Rural
1408:2041-1723
1386:: 12558.
1246:0028-0836
883:Transport
766:manganese
753:Kimberley
705:manganese
594:Oligocene
579:wild dogs
518:cockatoos
481:the flat
444:Kimberley
368:in 2006.
347:Maralinga
343:Emu Field
200:temperate
196:semi-arid
180:Australia
136:Continent
130:Australia
2920:Tasmania
2868:Hispanic
2731:Northern
2678:Germanic
2656:Atlantic
2598:Southern
2559:Northern
2525:Caucasus
2461:Dead Sea
2432:Caucasus
2400:Southern
2393:Maritime
2388:Mainland
2361:Northern
2342:Far East
2301:Aral Sea
2224:Southern
2168:Northern
1840:Archived
1809:Archived
1769:cite web
1713:30 April
1707:Archived
1676:Archived
1646:Archived
1621:24 March
1615:Archived
1591:24 March
1585:Archived
1556:Archived
1534:Archived
1516:24 March
1510:Archived
1480:Archived
1449:Archived
1426:27552116
1353:Archived
1254:27806378
1121:Archived
1095:Archived
992:Bushland
965:See also
762:iron ore
701:Cambrian
604:Industry
544:brumbies
534:such as
522:corellas
497:Wildlife
215:folklore
192:tropical
184:the bush
115:-25; 130
3121:Oceania
3109:by area
3065:America
3042:Islands
2892:Oceania
2761:Midwest
2716:Central
2683:Romance
2651:Western
2520:Balkans
2515:Eastern
2510:Central
2478:Mashriq
2422:Western
2366:Siberia
2318:Eastern
2296:Central
2229:Western
2202:Central
2178:Mashriq
2173:Maghreb
2163:Saharan
2109:America
2102:Eurasia
1974:regions
1934:project
1836:The Age
1417:4996975
1388:Bibcode
1316:27 June
1262:4470503
1226:Bibcode
1127:8 March
897:bitumen
877:Top End
768:mines.
757:Pilbara
751:in the
740:around
697:Permian
651:Tourism
644:organic
598:Miocene
564:rabbits
507:dingoes
455:Top End
448:Pilbara
424:savanna
237:History
176:Outback
165:Tourism
140:Oceania
126:Country
50:Outback
3408:Global
3398:Arctic
3337:Rivers
3315:Other
3249:Oceans
3104:Europe
3060:Africa
2853:French
2726:Middle
2688:Slavic
2673:Celtic
2574:Nordic
2564:Baltic
2502:Europe
2456:Levant
2150:Africa
1986:Worlds
1886:
1872:
1791:
1424:
1414:
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1290:2 June
1260:
1252:
1244:
1218:Nature
1200:24 May
1152:
924:Winton
873:Bourke
742:Moomba
691:Mining
658:per se
622:meteor
536:camels
526:galahs
420:Tundra
366:Cairns
362:Broome
268:Sydney
3385:Polar
3330:lists
3325:Lakes
3144:ocean
2863:Ibero
2858:Latin
2848:Anglo
1970:Earth
1753:(PDF)
1746:(PDF)
1258:S2CID
1018:Notes
955:Bonza
867:"The
600:age.
560:goats
552:foxes
217:. In
101:130°E
3342:Seas
3099:Asia
2371:Ural
2283:Asia
2212:Horn
2207:East
1976:and
1930:The
1884:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1848:2007
1817:2021
1789:ISBN
1775:link
1761:2012
1715:2024
1684:2016
1654:2016
1623:2024
1593:2024
1518:2024
1488:2016
1457:2016
1422:PMID
1404:ISSN
1361:2022
1318:2015
1292:2019
1250:PMID
1242:ISSN
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1168:2021
1150:ISBN
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1103:2016
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